N0VITATE8 ZOOLOGICAE.
Vol. XXXVIII, 1932-33.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
H ^ouvnal of ZooioQ^
IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRING MUSEUM.
iujiA^ ».»*:!>^
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D., Dr. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN, F.R.S.
Vol. XXXVIII, 1932-33.
(WITH TWO PLATES.)
Issued at the Zoologicai, Museum, Trino.
PRINTED BY HAZEM., WAT.SON & VINEY, Ltd., LONDON AND AYI.ESBUHY
1932-1933
CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXVIII (1932-33).
GENERAL SUBJECTS.
PAGES
1. Journey to Algeria and Marocco in 1929. Ernst Hahtekt . . . 331 — 335
2. Crossing the Great Atlas in Marocco ill 1 930. Eknst Haeteet . . 336 — 338
AVES
1. The Birds of Tristan da Cunha. G. M. Mathews and J. G. Gordon . 13 — 48
2. Ornithologische Ergebnisse der Expedition Stein, 1931-32. Lord Roths-
child, E. Steese.m.ann and K. Palud.an ..... 127 — 247
LEPIDOPTERA
1. The Lepidopterous Genus Nobilia (Geometridae Subfam. Sterrhinae). L. B.
Prout ......... . . ] — 6
2. Some new .species of Thyrididae. R. J. West ..... 7 — 10
3. On the Geometridae of the Expedition of Ch. AUuaiid and R. Jeaniiel to
Central Africa. L. B. Prout ....... U — 12
4. The LjTiiantriidae of the Malay Peninsula (Plates I and II). C. L.
Collenette .......... 49 — 102
5. New exotic Geometridae. L. B. Prout ...... 103 — 126
6. On some new Eupterotidae . Lord Rothschild ..... 250 — 252
7. Spolia Mentawiensia : Geometridae. L. B. Prout . . . . 314
8. On a collection of Lepidoptera from Spanish Morocco. Lord Rothschild 315 — 330
9. Two new species of Mazuca. an African genus of Agaristidae (Lepidopteral
Karl Jordan .......... 339 — 341
10. A new Sphingid from Madagascar (Lepidoptera). K.arl Jordan . . 342
ANTHRIBIDAE.
1. Some new African Antliribidae. Karl Jordan ..... 295 — 300
2. Further records of Aiithribidao from Java. Karl Jordan . . . 301 — 304
3. New Oriental Anthribidae. Karl Jordan ...... 305 — 313
4. Now Oriental Anthribidae (Colcoptcra). Karl Jordan .... 362 — 383
vi CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXVIII (1932-33).
SIPHONAPTERA
1. Tuttga bondari eine neue Art der Sandflohe. J. Wagner
2. Siphonaptera collected by Mr. Harry S. Swarth at At I in in British
Columbia. Kakl Jordan ........
3. Siphonaptera collected by Mr. J. L. 0. Jfuster.s in Norway on the I-emniing.
Karl Jordan ..........
4. Siphonaptera collected by Mr. C. Elton in Lapland. K.arl Jordan
5. Siphonaptera collected by Herr Georg Stein in the High Tatra. Karl
Jordan ...........
6. A new Xenopsylla from Hawaii. Karl Jordan .....
7. New Oriental Flea's. K.arl Jord.^n .......
8. Siphonaptera collected by Harold Stevens on the Kelley-Roosevelt
Expedition in Ymuian and Szechuan. Karl Jord.\n
9. Notes on Siphonaptera. K.\rl Jordan ......
10. Fotir new Fleas collected by Professor F. Spillman in Ecuador. Karl
Jord.\n ...........
11. Two new species of Ctcnophthalmus from Tropical Africa (Siphonaptera).
Karl Jordan ..........
12. Fleas collected by Dr. Max Bartels in Java. Karl Jordan .
13. Two new South American Bird-fleas. Ivarl Jordan ....
|
PAGES 248—249 |
|
|
253- |
-255 |
|
256- |
-257 |
|
258- |
-260 |
|
261- |
-263 |
|
264- |
-266 |
|
267- |
-275 |
|
276- |
-290 |
|
291- |
-294 |
|
343- |
-348 |
|
349- |
-351 |
|
352- |
-357 |
|
358- |
-361 |
INDEX 385-404
PLATES IN VOLUME XXXVIII.
PLATES I-II. Malayan Lymantriidse.
ERRATA. Pp. 25C to 258 reatl Lcmmus le.mmus instead of Lemnus lemnus. P. 292, line 1 from below read Aphropsylla instead of Archaeopsylla. P. 326, line 11 from below read Acontia instead of Acoutia. P. 334, line 16 from below read Carduelis instead of Cardaelis.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H Journal of Zoology
EDITED BT
LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D., De. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN, F.R.S.
XOL. XXXVIII.
No. 1.
Paqbs 1-314.
lesiTED December 30th, 1932, at the Zoological Museum, Tring.
PKINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEV. Ltd., LONDON AND AYLESBURV.
1932.
Vol. XXXVIII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
BDITBD BT
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HABTERT, and KARL JORDAN. F.R.S.
CONTENTS OF NO. I.
1. THE LEPIDOPTEROUS GENUS NOBILIA
(GEOMETRIDAE subfam. STERRHINAE)
2. SOME NEW SPECIES OF THYRIDIDAE
3. ON THE GEOMETRIDAE OF THE EXPEDI-
TION OF CH. ALLUAUD AND R. JEANNEL TO CENTRAL AFRICA ....
4. THE BIRDS OF TRISTAN DA CUNHA
5. THE LYMANTRIIDAE OF THE MALAY
PENINSULA (PLATES I AND II)
6. NEW EXOTIC GEOMETRIDAE .
7. 0RNITH0L06ISCHE ERGEBNISSE DER
EXPEDITION STEIN 1931-32 .
8. TUNG A BONDARI, EINE NEUE ART DER
SANDFLOHE
9. ON SOME NEW EUPTEROTIDAE
10. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. HARRY
S. SWARTH AT ATLIN IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
11. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. J. L. C.
MUSTERS IN NORWAY ON THE LEMMING
12. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. C.
ELTON IN LAPLAND ....
13. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY HERR
GEORG STEIN IN THE HIGH TATRA .
14. A l^EW XENOPSYLLA FROM HAWAII
15. NEW ORIENTAL FLEAS ....
16. SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY HAROLD
STEVENS ON THE KELLEY-ROOSEVELT EXPEDITION IN YUNNAN AND SZECHUAN
17. NOTES ON SIPHONAPTERA
18. SOME NEW AFRICAN ANTHRIBIDAE
19. FURTHER RECORDS OF ANTHRIBIDAE
FROM JAVA
20. NEW ORIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE
21. SPOLIA MENTAWIENSIA : GEOMETRIDAE
L. B. Prcmt R. J. West
L. B. Primt . G. M. Mathews and J. G. Gordon
C. L. Collenette L. B. Prout . . .
Lord Rothschild, E. Stresemann and K. Paludan
J. Wagner Lord Rothschild
Karl Jordan
Karl Jordan
Karl Jordan
Karl Jordan Karl Jordan Karl Jordan
Karl Jordan Karl Jordan Karl Jordan
Karl Jordan Karl Jordan L. B. Prout
1—6
7—10
11—12
13^8
49—102 103—126
127—247
248—249 250—252
253—255
256—257
258—260
261—263 264—266 267—275
276—290 291—294 295—300
301—304
305—313
314
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE
Vol. XXXVin. DECEMBER 1932. No. 1.
THE LEPIDOPTEROUS GENUS NOBILIA (GEOMETRIDAE subfam.
STERRHINAE).
By LOUIS B. PROUT.
XT' ROM the year 1897, when Warren described his nebulosa and obliterata, -*- until 1922, when Lord Rothschild (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1922, p. cxxxii) commented on the wide divergences in the genitalia of the forms passing as turbata Walk., very little attention appears to have been paid to the genus Nobilia Walk. It was tacitly assumed tliat there were four species, and four only ; a brief note which I published in 1917 (Nov. ZooL. xxiv, p. 307) is, so far as I am aware, the only intermediate reference in the literature, and this pays no attention to the morphology.
Naturally Lord Rothschild's observations excited my interest and a desire to subject the so-caUed turbata forms to a more searchmg analysis ; but until a few months ago my preoccupation with other studies equally or still more urgent has frustrated my intentions. Now that I have carried them out, I take the opjjortunity to offer a revision of this small but interestuig genus. I have to acknowledge with gratitude the ready help of Mr. W. H. T. Tams in making preparations of the genitalia of a number of specimens in the British Museum.
Nobilia Walk. {List Lep. Ins. xxiv, p. 1098, 1862), which is clearly one of the outliers of Scopida (Acidaliinae of Pierce), was treated by Hampson in his " Fauna of British India, Moths," as Sect. II B of Somatina, another outlier of the same group. His sectional characterization (ui, p. 465) runs : " Hind tibia of male shortened, and with the tuft from its base short ; the first joint of tarsus long, dilated, and with a fold containing a tuft of hair." The genus Somatina itself is distinguished in the Key to the Genera of the " Acidaliuiae " [Sterrhinae] in the same work by the non-elongate terminal joint of palpus, origin of vein 5 of both wings before the middle of the discocellulars, double areole of forewing and non-stalking of veins 6 and 7 of hindwmg. This classification affords a good frame-work, but leaves Somatina as a sort of supergenus, of almost world-wide distribution and susceptible of much further subdivision.
The principal characters of Nobilia are the following. Palpus with 2nd joint extending somewhat beyond the face, with densely compact scaling, 3rd joint in ^^ short ; $ with both these joints slightly longer than in ^. Antenna of cJ with dense fascicles of long cilia, usually arising from small triangular teeth ; intermediate fascicles much shorter and sUghter. Antenna of $ minutely ciliate. Hindtibia of ^ short and broad, spurless, with a dense hair-tuft from femoro-
1
2 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
tibial joint, hindtarsus of j' with 1st joint densely tufted ; $ with 4 spurs. Fore- wing with apex pointed, termen smooth, rather straight anteriorly, more curved posteriorly ; cell rather less than J, DC short, DC curved anteriorly (often rather sharply) ; areole double, with SC arising from stalk of SC'^*, R^ rather extremely placed, M^ well separate. Hindwing with termen slightly waved, bent (sometimes slightly toothed) at R", tornus well expressed ; cell rather short (f or less) ; C anastomosing with cell, usually at slightly more than a point, or at first not rapidly diverging, SC^ about connate, or quite shortly stalked, R^ scarcely before middle of DC, M' separate. Genitalia of (J complicated, highly fused, more or less asymmetrical ; uncus slight or obsolete, socii developed, valves specialized into strongly chitinized arms, dorsal and ventral, 8th sternite with an irregular plate, aedoeagus strongly chitinized. Apart from the genitalia, Nobilia differs from Somatina in shape and facies, more extreme position of R* of the forewing, details of hindleg structure, etc. ; from most of the allies (Craspediopsis, Orthoserica, Lissoblemina, Ignobilia) also in the non-pectinate ^ antenna, Craspediopsis, which is nearest to it in R" and in the angled hindwing, is farthest away in the scaling and pattern and is, according to these criteria, as well as the genitalia, much nearer to Scopula.
KEY TO THE SPECIES.
1. Wings beneath not more ochreous than above . . 2 Wmgs beneath bright ochreous .... 3
2. Wings above without white subterminal line . .1. obliterala Warr. Wings above with white subterminal line . . .2. cupreata Pagenst.
3. Forewing with median area concolorous with costal . 4 Forewing with median area concolorous with distal . 7. strigata Warr.
4. Prevailing tone cinnamon to hazel ; (^ socii apjjroxi-
mated ........ 3. sp.n. (India).
PrevaiUng tone darker ; cJ socii remote ... 5
5. Larger (48 mm.), rather brighter, aedoeagus large . 5. sp.n. (Celebes). Smaller, generally darker, aedoeagus normal . . 6
6. Hindwing scarcely toothed at R^ ; left socius not
conspicuously the larger ; Malayan . . .4. turbata Walk.
Hindwing well toothed at R' ; left socius conspicuously
the larger ; Papuan . . . . . .6. sp.n.
1. Nobilia obliterata \\'arr.
No'.ilia ohlitemla Warr., Nov. Zool. iv. 220 (1897) (Borneo).
The simplest species in markings. Forewing with apex scarcely at all produced, termen scarcely waved, the hindwing with the bend at R' weak, the termen very little waved. Rather uniform pinkish cinnamon (nearly 15" c of Ridgway), with very fine, almost regularly spaced whitish strigulae ; costal edge of forewing dark, not succeeded by the pale or drab area which characterizes all the other species except cupreata ; the wings otherwise marked nearly alike, with black cell-dot (that of forewing minute), faint pinkish cinnamon median shade, and fine, sinuous greyish postmedian, somewhat accentuated by blacker teeth outward on the veins. Underside sUghtly more pmkish, smooth and uniform, only with posterior region pale.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 3
Genitalia of ^J : posterior edge of dorsal plate even less prominent centrally than in No. 3 ; socii approximated, rather long, the left very decidedly longer than the right, down-curved, valve with the dorsal arm considerably longer than the ventral ; ventral plate posteriorly with two broad lobes, somewhat asym- metrical, but lacking the projecting thorn of No. 3.
Borneo and Perak.
2. Nobilia cupreata (Pagenst.).
Plulodes cupreata Pagenst., J. B. Nass. Ver. Nat. xli. 178 (1888) (Amboiiia). No'iilia ne'jvlosa Warr.. Nov. Zool. iv. 58 (1897) (Amboina).
In shape and colour rather similar to obliterata. Hindwing with the bend at R' still slighter. Forewing with costal edge less darkened, except at the base, the succeeding area with a suggestion of the pale streak of the rest of the species ; cell-spot small and weak ; proximal and distal areas — the latter also on hindwing — suffused with a slightly deeper, more coppery shade ; both wings with a fine white subtermmal line, slightly nearer termen than in turbata, some bluish-white admixture beyond it ; cell-mark of hmdwing nearly as in turbata. Underside as in obliterata.
Genitalia of ^ : distinguishable at once from all the others by having the dorsal plate produced centrally into a long, fine (pseudo-)uncus ; socii remote ; plate of 8th sternite with posterior arms long and slender, almost symmetrical. (Examination without dissection.)
Amboina.
This must be a rare species. I have seen only Warren's type cj, while Pagenstecher also described from a single cJ. Excepting the implications mvolved in his entuely erroneous generic location, the description by the latter author is good ; no doubt Warren's failure to recognize it and his consequent creation of a synonym are attributable to this erroneous location.
3. Nobilia avellanea sp.n.
{J$, 42-45 mm. Closely similar to turbata, but distinguishable by the tone of colour and nearly always by the postmedian line of the forewing. Very pale buff, very closely strigulated and reticulated with orange-cinnamon (general
aspect vinaceous-cinnamon to hazel), admixture of dark scaling slight.
Forewin-g with posterior patch rather broad, cut off rather suddenly at M, reap- pearing as a small spot or triangle in cell near the discal lunule ; discal lunule not broad, almost always well separated from postmedian line ; postmedian forming an acute angle at M^ ; extreme terminal area, excepting the costal
streak, concolorous with rest of extra-postmedian region. Hindwing with
extreme distal area almost concolorous with the rest at least to behind R-.^
Underside orange-buff or slightly deeper, the forewing suffused with flesh-ochre about the fold and narrowly at costa and termen.
Genitaha of (^ : Socii approximated, almost parallel, fairly long, straightish, only slightly asymmetrical. Valves (as in all the examined Nobilia) small, highly cliitinous, apparently rather strongly fused to the anellus ; costal arm slender, curved, ventral arm long, strong, arising from the innerside of the " sacculus." Plate of 8th sternite remarkably asymmetrical, its posterior edge quite irregularly tapering, not two-armed, a strong rose -thorn -shaped prong rising from its left-hand side near the end.
4 NoVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
N. India : Darjiling and Assam, the type ^ from Cherrapmiji in coll. Tring Mus. Also known from Burma, Tonkin, Selangor, Penang, Singapore, Sumatra (Korintji) and Borneo.
This is the " Indian " Sobilia of Rothschild (loc. cit.) and is certainly com- moner there than elsewhere, but its range overlaps with that of turbata.
• 4. Nobilia turbata Walk.
Nohilia turbata Walk., List Lep. Ins. xxiv. 1098 (1862) (Sarawak).
Plutodes strigvlaria Snell. in Veth, Midilen-Suiiuilm iv. : 1 (2) 57 (1880) (Central Sumatra).
Plutodes (Omiza) strignluria Pagenst., Jahrh. Nass. Ver. Xat. xli. 178 (1888).
Smnalina turbata Hmpsn. (part.), Faun. Inrl. Moths, iii. 465 (1895).
Walnut brown largely suffused with Hay's brown, the general tone inclining
to cameo brown or chocolate. Forewing with posterior patch behind M
generally less broad than in ai'dlanea, not broken except by M itself, but with its continuation in front thereof more isabelline or light brownish olive, the dark spot near cell-mark wanting or reduced to a dot ; cell-mark rather broad, some- what reniform, its hinder edge commonly touching the postmedian ; postmedian less acutely angled at M= than in avellanea ; extreme terminal area generally
paler, at least posteriorly. Hindiving with extreme distal border almost
concolorous with the rest at apex, but soon (at least from cellule 6) becoming pale. Underside with the flesh-ochre suffusions broader than m avellanea.
Genitalia of (J : " Socii " extremely sundered (forming terminal jirocesses to the lateral flanges of the 10th tergite), asymmetrically curved, the right short, the left less so ; valve with costal arm much more highly developed than in avellanea, though still slender, ventral arm rather shorter than costal, broader. Plate of 8th sternite with long arms anteriorly (i.e. cephalad), also strongly emarginate posteriorly, though here with the arms less long than in No. 2 and No. 6.
E. Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and Mindanao.
By the genitalia, there will almost certainly be some differentiable races, but more material and more study will be required before they can be estab- lished ; the more striking thing, and the first to demonstrate, is the general homogeneity, together with the great structural difference from avellanea. This (turbata vera) is the " Malayan " Nobilia of Rothschild, loc. cit.
It should be added that the discovery that the two closely similar species occur on Sumatra has raised some doubts as to my earlier synonymy, here pro- visionally retained. Snellen's type, a S from Silago, was described as " rust- brown," which would rather speak for avellanea, but tlie " narrow " grey median area and the confluence of the cell-mark with the distal area would favour turbata and it is obviously better, until the type can be studied, to keep the name sunk than to resuscitate it hazardously for the jireceding species.
5. Nobilia erotica sp.n.
(J, 48 mm. Larger than the other species, more cinnamon than in most turbata, though more dark-mixed than avellanea, some of the pale strigulae on
the outer area of the forewing apparently stronger than in any other Nobilia.
Forewing with postmedian line almost as acutely angled as in avellanea, the discal
NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 5
lunule similarly removed from it. Hindwing with termen apparently slightly
more crenulate than in fiirhata ; terminal area between the radials more clouded with the ground-colour than in typical turbata.
Genitalia of ^J : similar to those of iurbata ; anal cone (in dried specimen) so strong as to be easily mistaken for an uncus ; " socii " nearly symmetrical, decumlient, rather slender and recurved, their edges appreciably serrate ; plate of 8th sternite less deejily emarginate at posterior edge than in lurhnia ; costal arm of valve strong, strongly curved ; aedoeagus much stouter than m the other species.
Celebes : Tondano (Weigall), 1 q in Mus. Tring (unfortunately worn, especially the right wings).
6. Nobilia aphrodite sp.n.
cj$, 42-48 mm. Very varialsle, sometimes extremely similar to turbata, though distinguishable by the shape of the hindwing. The pale parts nearly always with a more decided tinge of brown, the hindwing very generally with an appreciably pale band between the median and postmedian lines, though this
is never so clear as the corresponding part of the forewing. Foreiving with
the ceU-spot and often the postmedian line more as in avellanea than in turbata, the terminal area as in turbata or on an average even paler ; the dark parts in the (J commonly more clouded with black than in turbata, in the less clouded forms with the brown seen to be slightly less reddish ; $ more cinnamon, occa- sionally even much Uke avellanea. Hindwinrj termen with well-defined tooth
at R' ; terminal pale admixture generally as in turbata.
Genitalia of (^ : Dorsal plate (0th tergite) produced to an almost uncus-hke point (though less acute and much less long than that of c.upreata) ; "socii " widely sundered, the left-hand one the larger and less decumbent ; plate of 8th sternite almost H-shaped in the length of the arms both anteriorly and posteriorly. Valve with the arms not very unequal, perhaps more so m thickness than m length, the ventral broad and fairly long.
New Gumea, the type from Upper Aroa River m Mus. Tring ; also from Ron, the d'Entrecasteaux, Dampier, Vulcan and apparently throughout the Bismarck Archipelago.
A rather striking aberration, which may possibly prove a separate species, has the wings strongly suffused with violet-grey.
7. Nobilia strigata Warr.
Nobilia strigata Warr., Nov. Zool. iii. 112 (1896) (Borneo).
In its purplish colour very distinct from all the other species, nearest to the colour of the last-mentioned aberration, but much more freckled and with the
median and terminal areas of the forewing scarcely any paler than the rest.
Forewin,g with broad pale costal streak, otherwise not strongly marked, the scheme as m the turbata group, but with the jjostmedian broad and sinuous, the
pale subterminal weak or subobsolete ; discal lunule moderate. Hindwing
with termen rather strongly toothed at R^ apex slightly less pronounced than in the turbata group ; almost unicolorous, except for the white, black-tipped cell- mark and the rather weak postmedian.
6 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Genitalia of ^ : Dorsal plate with posterior edge not very convex ; left " socius " produced into a slender downward-curved claw. Plate of 8th sternite elongate, roughly jjarallel -sided, irregularly and asymmetrically tapered poster- iorly, but not two-pronged, a rose-thorn-shaped process rising from its right-hand side near the end, preceded anteriorly on the same edge by some small serration. Valves fairly similar to those of turbata.
Borneo, the Malay Peninsula and S. Java, apparently pretty constant.
It is a curious coincidence, though it would be rash to give it any special significance, that the two otherwise very dissimilar species avellanea and strigata should have a very simOar " rose-thorn " on the plate of the 8th sternite, in the one case on the left side, in the other on the right.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII, 1932.
SOME NEW SPECIES OF THYRIDIDAE.
By R. J. WEST.
{Published by permission of the Trustees of the British Miiseum.)
1. Striglina synethes sp.n. cJ. Palpus sayal brown. Antenrui minutely ciliate. Head : frons and vertex sayal brown. Thorax: patagium and tegula sayal brown. Abdomen sayal brown, venter light buff tinged with sayal brown. Pectus light buff. Legs sayal brown, fuscous on tibia and tarsus of foreleg. Forewing sayal brown, strigulate with fuscous, a small fuscous spot on discocellulars, an oblique, fuscous line from vein 6 subtermLnally to inner margin medially. Hindwing concolorous with forewing, an oblique line forming continuation of that on forewing ; subter- minally, a fuscous spot between veins 5 and 6. Und,erside similar to upperside with fuscous spots more prominent.
Expanse 28 mm. (tip to tip 25 mm.).
Holotype S : 28.xii.1912, paratype ^ : 30. vi. 1913, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Palali, 2,000 ft.
Nearest ally : 8. divisata Warr.
2. Betousa penestica sp.n.
$. Palpus light buff. Antenna minutely ciliate. Head : frons and vertex light buff. Thorax : patagium and tegula light buff. Abdomen light buil tinged with livid brown, venter light buff. Pectus and legs light buff. Forewing glossy, light buff, faintly strigulate with warm blackish brown, a prominent blackish brown spot in apical area. Hindwing similar in colour and markings to forewing, but having a tinge of hvid brown on inner margin. Underside similar to upperside, with markings more strongly defined ; a thickly scaled, warm buff streak through upper half of cell and just beyond on the forewing.
Expanse 21 mm. (tip to tip 20 mm.).
Holotype 9 : 2.vii.l9I3, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Palali, 2,000 ft.
Nearest ally : B. subrosealis Leech.
3. Brixia hyphaema sp.n.
(J. Palpus light buff. Antenna ciliate. Head : frons and vertex light buff. Thorax : patagium and tegula light buff. Abdomen light buff above and beneath. Pectus and legs light buff. Forewing light buff tinged with fuscous on proximal half up to postmedial ; postmedial fascia consisting of a fuscous band obliquely incurved from costa to base of vein 6, straight to vein 2, then inwardly oblique to inner margin ; subterminal fascia consisting of a short fuscous band, obUquely excurved from end of postmedial on costa to termen at vein 5, below this band two wavy streaks, the lower one finishing at tornus. Hitulwing concolorous with forewing, an oblique fascia across middle of wing forming continuation
8
NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
of postmedial on forewing. Underside similar to upperside, markings more defined.
Expanse 20 mm. [tip to tip 19 mm.).
$. Similar to (J.
Expanse 23 mm. (tip to tip 21 mm.).
Holotype ^ : 14.viii.l896, Japan, Shikoku, prov. lyo, Komatsu ; allotype $: 8.viii.l895, Kyushu, prov. Satsuma, Kure ; paratypes \ q : 3.vii.lS95, 1 $ : 3.ix.l895, Kyushu, prov. Osumi, Tarumiza.
Nearest ally : B. emblicalis Moore.
4. Brixia phaula sp.n.
cj. Palpus avellaneous. Antenna apparently simple. Head : Irons and vertex aveUaneous. Thorax : patagium and tegula avellaneous. Abdomen light buff suffused with aveUaneous, venter light buff. Pectus light buff. Legs light buff suffused with avellaneous, tarsi avellaneous, light buff at joints. Fore- wing glossy, light buff covered with a network of aveUaneous and fuscous lines, avellaneous along costa ; subbasal fascia consistmg of an aveUaneous Ime shghtly excurved ; antemedial fascia consisting of an avellaneous Une slightly incurved from costa to median nervitre, angled, then slightly incurved to mner margin ; postmedial fascia consisting of an inwardly obUque, fuscous Ime. Hindwing concolorous with forewing, antemedial fascia fuscous, inwardly obUque ; post- medial fascia obliquely incurved from costa to vein 3 near termen, then mwardly oblique and wavy to inner margin near tornus. Underside similar to upperside, with hnes in a suffusion of russet.
Expianse 28 mm. (tip to tip 26 mm.).
Holotype ^ : 8.iv.l912, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Klondyke, 800 ft.
Nearest aUy : B. ypsilon Warr.
5. Brixia erythroides sp.n.
cj. Palpus ochraceous-tawny, suffused with fuscous. Antenna minutely ciUate. Head : frons and vertex ochraceous-tawny. Thorax : patagium and tegula cartridge-buff suffused with fuscous. Abdomen cartridge-buff above and beneath, with lateral suffusion of fuscous to Brazil red, anal tuft ochraceous- tawny mixed with Brazil red. Pectus cartridge-buff. Legs cartridge-buff hghtly suffused with fuscous, tarsi suffused with fuscous, cartridge-buff at joints. Fore- wing BrazU red on proximal half diffusing into ochraceous-tawny on distal haff, cartridge-buff on costa, a fuscous suffusion from base dividing into two streaks, one along subcosta, the other along median nervure, frmge fuscous edged with cartridge-buff. Hindwing Brazil red, frmge fuscous edged with cartridge-buff. Underside : fore- and hindwings, ground colour similar to upperside, irrorated with metaUic pale blue scales forming transverse bands defined by fuscous, more prominent on hmdwing.
Expanse 28 mm. (tip to tip 26 mm.).
Holotype (^ : 2.vii.l913; paratype q : 3. vii. 1913, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Palali, 2,000 ft.
Nearest ally : B. uniformis Hmpsn.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 9
6. Brixia plinthochroa sp.n.
(^. Palpus first segment white, second segment army brown mi.xed with white, third segment army brown. Antenna minutely eiliate. Head : frons and vertex ferruginous suffused with army brown. Thorax : patagium and tegula ferruginous suffused with army browii. Abdomen ferruginous lightly suffused with army brown, venter cartridge-buff. Pectus cartridge-buff. Legs ferruginous suffused with army brown. Forewing ferruginous tinged with fuscous, cartridge-buff patches on costa, covered with faint, wavy, fuscous, transverse lines, interneiu'al fuscous-black spots on termen. Hindwing similar to forewing, with a prominent fuscous-black spot on discocellulars. Underside : forewing ferruginous, with transverse series of army brown patches ; a patch of fuscous-black and whitish raised scales in cell, three fuscous-black streaks from discocellulars along veins 6, 7, and 8, strigulate with fuscous-black in subterminal area ; hindwing light buff with transverse series of ferruginous patches, strigulate with fuscous-black.
Expanse 32 mm. (tip to tip 30 mm.).
HolotypeS'- 30. v. 1914; piaratypes \ ^ : 15.v., 1 ^ : 29. v. 1914, Philip- pine Is., Mindanao I., subprov. Lanao, Kolambugan (plains).
Nearest ally : B. uniformis Hmpsn.
7. Brixia lipara sp.n.
(J. Palpus bay. Anterma, minutely eiliate. Head : frons and vertex ochraceous-buff suffused with bay. Thorax : patagium and tegula ochraceous- buff suffused with bay. Abdomen ochraceous-buff above and beneath. Pectus ochraceous-buff. Legs ochraceous-buff suffused with bay. Forewing ochraceous- buff with a number of fine, transverse, wavy, bay lines ; a streak of white on costa densely irrorated with bay (mcreasing in width toward apex) in which is a wide, bay, V-shaped mark above discocellulars, the point reaching to below vein 6, a bay patch at apex. Hindwing concolorous with forewing, but lightly suffused with bay on distal half. Underside sunilar to ujiperside, but markings more defined.
Expanse 34 mm. (ti2) to tip 32 mm.).
?. Similar to (J.
Expanse 38 mm. (tip to tip 36 mm.).
Holotype ^ : 21.xii.l911; allotype^: 17.iv. 1912, Philippme Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Klondyke, 800 ft.
Nearest ally : B. atripunclalis Wlk.
8. Brixia allocota sp.n.
(J. Palpus white, fuscous above. Antenna minutely ciHate. Head : frons white, a triangular fuscous patch on upper haff, vertex white, fuscous patch in middle. Thorax : patagium and tegula white. Abdomen white above and beneath. Pectus white. Legs white, with fuscous patches. Forevnng glossy, white, a series of fuscous lunules on costa, three fuscous spots on inner margin, the proximal one small, the next a little larger, the distal one, large, oval, and placed obUquely, interneural spots on termen. Hind-wing concolorous with
10 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
forewing, interneural spots on termen, a spot on inner margin at one half. Underside : fore- and hindwings, glossy, white.
Expanse 38 mm. {tip to tip 36 mm.).
Hololype (^ : lO.vi. 1913, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Baguio, 5,000 ft.
Nearest ally : B. pudicola Guen.
i). Brixia polyterpes sp.n.
S- Palpus fuscous, white inwardly and at joints. Antenna minutely eiliate. Head : frons and vertex fuscous tinged with old rose. Thorax : patagium fuscous, tegula fuscous, white posteriorly, rest of thorax white. Abdomen white above and beneath, some old rose spots laterally. Pectus white. Legs : coxae, femora and tibiae white with patches of old rose, tarsi fuscous, white at joints. Forewing glossy, white, faintly strigulate with old rose, a sufiusion of fuscous on proximal third of costa. Hindwing glossy, white, subbasal fascia consisting of an obUque old rose line ; postmedial fascia consisting of an old rose band formed by a number of interlaced, old rose lines. Underside : forewing white, suffused over the greater part with ochraceous-buff , veins old rose ; irrorated with old rose below costa on proximal half, cell filled with raised scales irrorated with fuscous-black and metallic white ; hindwing similar to upperside.
Expanse 30 mm. {tip to tip 28 mm.).
Holotype cJ : 2.vii.l913, Philippine Is., Luzon I., subprov. Benguet, Palali, 2,000 ft.
Nearest ally : B. separata Warr.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 11
ON THE GEOMETRIDAE OF THE EXPEDITION OF CH. ALLUAUD AND R. JEANNEL TO CENTRAL AFRICA.
By LOUIS B. PROUT.
TDY an unfortunate accident, due to a rearrangement of my manuscript, the '-^ Sterrhinae of the Traminda group were dropped out of my report on the above collection {Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. xxix, pp. 375-512, 1932). As this in- cludes a new race of which the Paris Museum has been credited with the type, it is necessary to make good the omission ; in any case, it is desirable that the intention of giving a complete survey of the very valuable collection should not be frustrated.
The following are the species in question.
SuBFAM. STERRfflNAE Meyr. Chlorerythra rubriplaga extenuata n.subsp.
Type : a 5 from Taveta in Mus. Paris.
Smaller than r. rubriplaga Warr. (Nov. Zool. ii, j). 91, S. Africa), more weakly marked, the forewmg beneath with the rosy costal shading more re- stricted, generally leaving the cell as well as the posterior part of the wing whitish.
Kenya Colont : Taveta (alt. 7,500 m.), st. 65, 16-21 March 1912, 1 $ ;
Serengheti Desert : Landjoro (alt. 900 m.), st. 64, March 1912, 1 $ ; Mbujnini (alt. 1,150 m.), St. 63, March 1912, 1 $.
Also from Kibwezi (Kenya Colony) and Kongwa (Tanganyika Territory) in Mus. Tring. Probably the specimens which I have recorded from SomaUland (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1916, p. 148) likewise belong here, but I cannot now compare them.
Traminda acuta pallida Warr.
T. (?) pallida Warr., Nov. Zool. vi, p. 296 (1899) (Kenya Colony : Kiboko River).
Kenya Colony : Taveta (alt. 750 m.), st. 65, March 1912, 1 ^, 1 ?;
Serengheti Desert: Mbuyuni (alt. 1,150 m.), st. 63, March 1912, 1 $; Voi,
September 1909, 1 $ (Ch. Allttatjd).
Known from the White Nile, the Uelle district, Kenya and Tanganyika Territory, I think also from British SomaUland.
Traminda atroviridaria (Mab.).
Thalera atroinriduria Mab., C.B. Soc. Ent. Belg. xxiii, p. xxii (1891) (" Madagascar"). Traminda ocellain Warr., Kon. Zool. ii, p. 100 (189.5) (S. Africa). Tratninda riifa Warr., Mop. Zool. iv, p. 65 (1897) (ah.) (Natal : Weenen).
Uganda : Unyoro, East Albert Nyanza, 1909, 1 $ (Ch. Alluaud). Widely distributed ; already known from Unyoro, Rhodesia, Transvaal, Natal and Cape Colony. I have never seen it from Madagascar and suspect a
12 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXX\aiI. 1932.
mistake as regards the type locality. The Alluatjd specimen Ls of the green form.
Traminda neptunaria (Guen.).
Thnandra neptunaria Guen., Spec. Gen. Lip. x, p. 3, t. xviii, f. 5 (1858) (Abyssinia).
Gna7nptolo-ma nepliiruiria Warr., Nov. Zool. ii, p. 95 (1895).
Traminda neptunaria Swinh., Tr. Ent. Soc. Lonil. 1904, p. 562 (1904) (Dar-es-Salaam).
Timandra neptunaria Hmpsn., Pror. Zool. Soc. Land. 1910, p. 477 (1910) (N.E. Rhodesia ; Portuguese
E. Africa). Traminda neptunaria Prout, Proc. Zool. Sor. Land. 1916, p. 148 (1916) (British Somaliland).
Kenya Colony : Serengheti Desert : Landjoro (alt. 900 m.), st. 64, March
-Voi (alt. 600 m.), st. 60, March 1912, 1 $. Occurs almost throughout tropical Africa, and even reaches Natal.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 13
THE BIRDS OF TRISTAN DA CUNHA. By GREGORY M. MATHEWS, with Notes by J. G. GORDON.
'X'RISTAN DA CUNHA is the general name for a group of three small volcanic ■'■ islands belonging to Great Britain, situated in the South Atlantic ; the summit of the largest being in 37° 5' 50" South by 12° 16' 40" West.
They were discovered in 1 506 by the Portuguese admiral, Tristan (or TrLstao) da Cunlia (1460-1540), who was nominated first Viceroy of Portuguese India in 1504, but owing to temporary blindness was unable to serve ; he was, however, placed in command of a fleet which operated on the east coast of Africa. After discovering the Lslands which now bear his name, he visited Madagascar, Mozam- bique, Brava and Sokotra.
Dutch vessels brought back reports on the islands in 1643 ; and in 1656 Van Riebeck, the founder of Cape Town, sent a ship from Table Bay to Tristan to see if it was suitable for a military station. Later in the seventeenth century ships were sent from St. Helena by the English East India Company, with the idea of forming a settlement.
A British naval officer visited the group in 1760 and named Nightmgale Island.
John Patten and his crew lived on Tristan from August 1790 to April 1791.
The first permanent inhabitant, however, was Thomas Currie, who landed there in 1810. Later an American named Lambert and another man named Williams made Tristan their home, till they were drowned in May 1812.
During the war between the United States and Great Britain, the islands were largely used as a base by American cruisers, sent to prey on British merchant ships. This and other considerations urged by Lord Charles Somerset, Governor of Cape Colony, caused the islands to be taken possession of as a dejjendency of the Cape. The formal proclamation of amie.xation was made on August 14th, 1816.
A mihtary detachment consisting of about fifty men, with a captain, two subalterns and a medical officer, left the Cape in the s.s. Fahnouth on November 2nd, 1816, with the necessary equipment of cattle and agricultural implements. Owing to adverse winds they did not arrive on Tristan till the 28th of the month. This small garrison was maintained there tiU November 1817.
At their own request WUliam Glass, a corporal of the Royal Artillery, with his wife and two children and two masons, were left Ijehind, and these began the present settlement. In 1827 five coloured women from St. Helena were mduced to migrate to Tristan to become the wives of the five bachelors. Later, coloured women from Cape Colony married residents on the island. Other settlers are of Dutch, Italian and Asiatic origin. The settlement was on the plain on the north- west of the island of Tristan da Cunha.
Over the commimity Glass (1817-53) ruled in patriarchal fashion. After Glass came Cotton, who was succeeded by Green. They now manage their own affairs without any written laws, the project once entertained of providing them with a formal constitution being deemed unnecessary.
Gough Island, or Diego Alvarez, discovered by the Portuguese in the sixteenth
14 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
century, has been claimed as a British possession since the annexation of Tristan. It lies 250 miles S.S.E. of this group. It was called by its present name after Captain Gough, the commander of a British ship which visited it in 1731. The birds of Gough Island were worked up by Clark in the Ibis for 1905, p. 247 ei seq., and, of course, are not included m this article.
The Tristan group he in lat. 37° 2' 48" South ; long. 12° 18' 20" West. From the Cape of Good Hope they lie westward 1,550 miles and about one-third farther from Cape Horn, lying nearly on a line drawn between the two capes. They lie 1,320 miles south of St. Helena. In October 1873 the islands were care- fully surveyed by the Challenger.
The islands rise from the submarine elevation which runs down the middle of the Atlantic. The depth between the islands is m some places over 1,000 fathoms.
Tristan, the largest and northernmost island, has an area of 16 sq. miles, is nearly circular in form, about 7 miles in diameter, and has a volcanic cone (7,640 ft.), usually capjjed with snow, m the centre. Precipitous cliffs, 1,000 to 2,000 ft., rise from the ocean on all sides, except the north-west, where there is an irregular plateau of about 12 sq. miles, 100 ft. above the sea. A stream crosses the northern end of the plateau, faUing over the clifi in a fine cascade. The crater of the central cone contains a fresh-water lake about 150 yards in diameter. This and other crater lakes are said never to be frozen over.
Inaccessible Island, the westernmost of the group, is about 20 miles from Tristan. It is quadrilateral in form, the sides being about 2 miles long, with cUSs about 1,000 ft. Its highest pomt (1,840) is on the west. At the base of the cliffs in some places are narrow frmges of beach.
Nightingale Island, the smallest and most southern of the group, is 10 miles from Inaccessible Island. Its area is not more than 1 sq. mile. Its coasts, imlike those of the other two islands, are surrounded by low cliffs, from which there is a gentle slope up to two peaks (1,100 ft. and 900 ft. high). There are two small islets, Stoltenhoff (325 ft.), called after two brothers of this name, marooned on Inaccessible Island, and Middle (150 ft.), and several rocks adjacent to the coast.
The rocks of Tristan da Cmiha are basalt, porphyritic basalt, dolerite, augite- andesite, palagonite, volcanic tuff and ashes. A block of gneiss in the crater indicates a continental foundation of the island. The caves m Nightingale Island mdicate that it has been elevated several feet. On almost all sides the islands are surrounded by a broad belt of kelp {Macrocystis pyrifera), through which a boat may approach the rocky shores even in stormy weather. There is no good anchorage in rough weather.
The prevailing winds are westerly. December to March is the fine season. The cUmate is mUd and on the whole healthy, the temperature averagmg 68° Fahr. in summer, 55° in wmter, sometimes faUing to 40°. Rain is frequent ; hail and snow fall occasionally on the lower ground. The sky is usually cloudy. The islands have a cold and barren appearance. The tide rises and falls about 4 ft. The greatest known depth of the ocean is midway between the islands of the Tristan group and the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. The bottom was here reached at a depth of 46,236 ft., or 8J miles, exceeding by more than 17,000 ft. the height of Mt. Everest.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 16
The first published account of the natural productions of this group appears in the Trans. Linn. Soc. {Land.), vol. xii, p. 483 et seq., 1818. The paper was read before the Society on December 16th, 1817, by Captain Dugald Carmichael. This naturalist went with the expedition in November of 1816 and stayed tUl March 30th, 1817. He explored Tristan and gave an excellent description of the formation, etc. On January 4th, 1818, he, together with Dr. Evers and their servants and a guide, ascended the peak. On their return they encounted Iomi species of Albatross which breed on the island, viz. Diomedea spadicea,^ exulans, chlororynchos and fuliginosa. This author is the first to describe the nesting of Phoebetria fusca. He also described the nest of TJialassarche chlororhynchus. Of this latter bird he says that " it builds its solitary nest in some sheltered corner, selecting in particular the small drains that draw the water off the land into the ravines. There it runs up its nest to the height of ten or twelve inches, of a cylindrical form, with a small ditch round the base. A curious circumstance with regard to this bird is, that when irritated the feathers of its cheeks are separated so as to display a beautiful stripe of naked orange skin,- running from the corners of the mouth towards the back of the head.
" They nourish their young by disgorging the contents of their stomach. We could not help admiring the utter unconsciousness of danger displayed by them on oiu' approach. Their plumage is in the finest order, copious and without the slightest stam. They find great difficulty in getting on wing and must run twenty or thirty yards along the ground with expanded wings before they can get fairly under way."
Of Phoebetria fusca he says they are " at this season (January) gregarious, building their nests close to each other. In the area of half an acre I counted upwards of a hundred. They are constructed of mud raised five or six inches, and slightly depressed at the top. At the time we passed, the young birds were more than half grown, and covered with a whitish down. There was something extremely grotesque in the appearance of these birds standing on their respective hillocks motionless like so many statues, untU we approached close to them, when they set up the strangest clattering with their beaks, and if we touched them squirted on us a deluge of foetid oily fluid from the stomach."
He mentioned a species of Thrush, Turdus guianensis { = Nesocichla ereniita), a Bunting, Emberiza brasiliensis ( = Nesospiza acunhae) and a Moor-hen, Fulica cMorojyiis ( = Porphyriornis). These birds have spread over the whole island, and are found on the tableland as well as on the low ground. The Fulica con- ceals itself in the wood, where it is occasionally run down by the dogs ; the others fly amongst the cantonment.
He also mentioned that there are six species of ProceUaria, but only names Macronectes giganteus, Adamasior cinereus and Pachyptila vittata [keyteli).
He increased his list by adding Catfiaracta antarctica, Sterna vittata ( = varies very little from S. hirundo) and Anous stolidus, and he brings his total up to fourteen by the inclusion of Aptenodytes chry.wcoma ( = Eudyptes cristatus moseleyi).
Thus a list of the birds of Tristan containing fourteen species was started in 1818.
* Can spadicea be meant for vielanophrts ?
2 At the Natural History Museum on the 29th April, Mr. E. F. Stead, of New Zealand, told me that this exposed orange skin was a continuation of the gape, and that these birds could open their bill as wide as at an angle o£ 90 degrees.
16 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
The Challenger surveyed the group in 1873, and the birds collected then and during the famous cruise were worked up by Sclater, in the Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. for 1878, and this was again printed and many birds figured in part viii, Report on the Birds of the Challenger, 1881.
The two land birds depicted are Nesocichla eremila, pi. xxiii, and a figure of the biU, foot and wing given on p. Ill; and Nesospiza acunhae, on pi. xxiv, and a cut of the head, foot and wing given on p. 112.
In the Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, p. 260, pi. xxx, Sclater had added the Tristan coot, Gallinula nesiotis.
To the list of fourteen the Gallinula was added, and M egalo pier its (as Anows melanogenys), Pelagodroma tnarina and Oestrelata mollis, making now a total of eighteen.
The only Penguin from Tristan was figured on pi. xxx and worked up on p. 128.
Moseley, Notes by a Naturalist, 1892, p. 115, adds that Daption capensis and Macronectes breed on Tristan, and that Procellaria glacialoides was also obtamed (= Priocella antarctica). Total twenty.
From Inaccessible Island, Moseley writes of Eudyptes : " All night the penguins were to be heard screaming on shore and about the ship, and as parties of them passed by, they left vivid phosphorescent tracks behind them as they dived through the water alongside."
He comments on the action of these birds in the water : " they showed black above and white beneath, and came along in a shoal of fifty or more from seawards towards the shore at a rapid pace, by a series of successive leaps out of the water, and splashing into it again, describing short curves in the air, taking headers out of the water and headers into it again, splash, splash went this marvellous shoal of animals, till they went splash through the surf on to the black stony beach and there struggled and jumped up amongst the boulders and revealed themselves as wet and diipping penguins.
" In penguin rookeries the grass covers wide tracts with a dense growth like that of a field of standing corn, but denser and higher, the grass reaching high over one's head. The millions of pengums sheltering and nesting amongst the grass saturate the soil on which it grows with the strongest maniu'e, and the grass, thus stimulated, grows high and thick and shelters the birds from wind, rain and enemies, such as the i^redatory gidLs.
" The sulphur ])lumes lie close to the head when the bud is swimming or diving, but they are erected when it is on shore, and seem then almo.st by their varied posture to be used in the expression of emotion, such as inquisitiveness and anger.
" The bill is bright red and very strong and sharp at the point ; the iris is also red. The iris is remarkably sensitive to Ught ; they feed at sea at night as well as in the daytime.
" Most of the droves of penguins make for one landing-place, where the beach was covered with a coating of dirt from their feet, forming a broad track, leading to a lane in the tall grass about a yard wide at the bottom, and quite bare, with a smoothly beaten black roadway ; this was the entrance to the main street of this part of the ' rookery.'
" Other smaller roads led at intervals into the rookery to the nests near its border, but the main street was used by the majority of birds. It is called ' rock-
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 17
hopper,' from its curious mode of progression. The birds hop from rock to lock with both feet placed together.
" Naturally going through this horde of nesting birds was very difficult, as owing to the high grass one cannot see far and the ' roads ' join and bifurcate in all directions. The stench is overpowering and the yelling of the birds perfectly terrifying. The nests are placed so thickly together that you cannot help treaduig on eggs and young birds at almost every step.
"'A parent bird sits on each nest with its sharp beak erect and open ready to bite, yelling savagely 'caa-caa-urr-urr,' its red eye gleaming and its plumes at haK-cock, and quivering with rage. No sooner are your legs within reach than they are furiously bitten, often by two or three birds at once. Naturally your progress is slow and painful. The air is close in the rookery and the sun hot above.
" These penguins make a nest which is simply a shallow depression in the black dirt, scantily hned with a few bits of grass or not lined at all.
" They lay two greenish-white eggs, and both male and female incubate, in October, when eggs and young are found. The breeding season is probably September to November.
" One of the most remarkable facts about the penguins Ls that they are migratory ; they leave Inaccessible Island in the middle of April after moulting, and leturn, the males in the last week in July, the females about August 12th."
Moseley, loc. cit., on p. 105, from Inaccessible Island comments on the extreme tameness of the Thrush (Nesocichla) and the Finch (Nesospiza). The Thrushes could be knocked over with a stick, but they were not so tame as those on Tristan. The Finch seems to be extinct on Tristan.
Of the Porphyriorriis on Inaccessible Island, he says that it is much smaller than the Tristan form, with finer legs and a longer beak. This is true, as the bird is Atlantisia roger.si Lowe.
" On this island also the noddies, Megalopterus, were sitting on the tree-tops with the thrushes. These noddies breed also in St. Paul's Rocks in the Atlantic in August, when young and eggs were found. The nests were made of green seaweed {Caulerpia davifera), which grows on the bottom in the bay and around the rocks, and which, getting loosened by the surf, floats and is picked up by the birds on the surface. The weed is cemented together by the birds' dung, and the nests, havnig been used for ages, are now soUd masses, with a circular platform at the sunnnit, beneath which hang down a number of tails of dried seaweed. The older nests project from the cliffs on the sheltered side of the rocks, Uke brackets, having been originally commenced, as may be seen by the complete graduations existing, by a pair of birds laying an egg (always single) on a small projecting ledge of rock and adding a few stalks of weed.
" It is only the stronger and more vigorous noddies that are able to occupy and hold possession of a nest of this description.
' ' Prions and other sea birds have riddled the peaty ground underneath the trees in the Phylica wood in all directions with their holes. The burrows are about the size of large rats' holes and they traverse the ground everywhere, twisting and turning and undermining the grovmd, so that it gives way at almost every step."
Still on Inaccessible Island he says that Catharacla antarctica were plentiful. "These predatory gulls were quarrelling and fighting ovej- the dead bodies of
2
18 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
penguins. They quarter the ground when hunting, and when there is a kill assemble in numbers in the same curious way as vultures. They steal eggs, but their chief food is the prions, which they sometimes even draw from their burrows.
" On Nightingale Island the penguins were nesting in the tall grass, very much in the same way as those on Inaccessible Island. This island is the only one where there are caves ; these are so numerous as to form a striking feature.
" Here the Yellow-billed MoUymawk (chlororhynchus) made numerous nests amid the thousands of penguins' nests in the long grass. The ground of the rookery is bored in all directions by the holes of prions and petrels, which thus live under the penguins. Their holes are not so numerous in the rookery at Inaccessible Island as here. The holes add immensely to the difficulties of traversing a rookery, since when the ground gives way a fall into the black filthy mud amongst a host of furious birds, which have then full chance at one's eyes and face, is far from pleasant. One or two skuas also nested in the rookery. Truly a medley of birds. The skuas lay two eggs. There are about 400,000 penguins on Nightingale Island."
Wilkins [4] says that he collected between May 28th and June 1st, 1922, the eggs of Thalassarche chlorhynchus, Ardenna gravis, Eitdyptes cristatit^ and Catharacta antarctica. He also reports that Diomedea exulans, which used to breed on Tristan, is now only rarely found on Inaccessible Island. Phoebetria fusca nests in August and young birds leave the nest in April. P. palpebrata were hatched on January 15th at South Greorgia.
TJmlassarche chlororhynchus nests in August ; young leave the nest in April. T. chrysostoma were hatched on January 1st, at South Georgia.
Pterodroma macroptera moults in May and lays in July.
Pterodroma brevirostris ? lays in November.
Pachyptila vittaia keyteli lays in September.
Catharacta antarctica lays in September.
Sterna vittata lays in November.
Anoiis stolidu-s arrives in September and lays in November, but goes away for the winter.
Eiidyptes crislatus moults in March and leaves the island and comes again in August and lays its eggs in September.
Lowe [5] describes some new forms from this group, and on p. 522 gives a drawing of the head and wings of two Nesospiza. He also discussed the genus Nesocichla and gives text figures on pp. 526-7.
Apart from the foregoing works, the following should be consulted, as they bear upon the ornithology of the South Atlantic.
1. Clarke, Ibis, 1905 (April), pp. 247-68. " On the Birds of Gough Island."
2. Clarke, Ibis, 1 906 (January), pp. 145-87. " On the Birds of the South Orkney
Islands."
3. Clarke, Ibis, 1907 (April), pp. 325-49. " On the Birds of the Weddell and
Adjacent Seas, Antarctic Ocean."
4. Wilkins, Ibis, 1923 (April), pp. 474-511. "Report on the Birds collected
during the Voyage of the Q2iest " (pp. 495-501).
5. Lowe, Ibis, 1923 (April), pp. 511-29. " Notes on Some Land Birds of the
Tristan da Cunha Group, collected by the Quest Expedition " (pp. 519-29).
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 19
6. Lowe, Ibis, 1928 (January), jjp. 99-1.31. "A monograph on Atlantisia
rogersi : The Flightless Tristan RaU."
7. Lowe and Kinnear, British Antarctic {Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910.
Zoology, vol. iv, no. 5, pp. 103-93, " Birds, September 1930."
8. Stenhouse, Scottish Naturalis, 1924, pp. 93-6, " Notes on Rare Land Birds
from Tristan d' Acunha in the Royal Scottish Museum, Nesospiza acimhae."
9. Oliver, New Zealand Birds, 1930.
10. Kinghorn and Cayley, Emu, vol. xxii, pp. 81-96, October 1922.
11. Bent, Life Histories, North American Petrels, etc., 1922.
12. Rogers, The Lonely Island, 1926.
The following is a list of the birds made by P. C. Keytel on Tristan da Cunha, kindly sent me from the South African Museum by the Director, Dr. E. L. Gill. They are now in the South African Museum.
Eudyptes cristatus (with eggs).
Diomedea exidans (with egg).
Thalassarche chlororhynchus (with egg and photograph of bird on nest).
Phoebetria fusca (with egg).
Pterodroma macroptera.
Ardenna gravis.
Pachyptila viltatus (broad-billed) (with egg).
Catharacta antarctica (with egg).
Sterna vittata (with eggs), adult and juvenile.
Anous stolidus (with egg).
Porphyriornis nesiotis, adult and juvenile.
Nesospiza acunhae.
Nesocichla eremifa, adult and juvenile.
Atlantisia rogersi — not in Keytel's collection, but two specimens obtained by
South African Museum in 1932. Also FregeUornis grallaria.
Note. — I hear that about fifteen specimens of this Rail have been sent to different museums in America. It is sincerely to be hoped that the bird will not be exterminated by any evil-disposed person for the sake of money.
UP-TO-DATE LLST OP THE BIRDS OF TRISTAN DA CUNHA.
The page numbers represent the page in Syst. Av. Aethiop. Sclater.
*-f Eudyptes cristatus moseleyi — Rock Hopper Penguin. Oceanites oceanica oceanica — The Yellow- webbed Storm Petrel. *Pelagodroma marina 7tmrina — The White-faced Storm Petrel. ? [Garrodia nereis chubbi — Falkland Island Grey Storm Petrel.] ? [Fregetta melanogaster — Black-bellied Storm Petrel.] *-\Fregettornis grallaria — White-fringed Storm Petrel. Fregettornis melanoleuca — Black and White Storm Petrel. *'\Puffinus assimilis elegans — Gough Island Shearwater. *-\ Ardenna gravis — Greater Shearwater. Priocella antarctica — Silver-grey Petrel. *?f Adamastor cinereus — Great Grey Shearwater.
* Tristan breeding birds. f Gordon collection.
|
P. |
3. |
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p. |
5. |
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p. |
6. |
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p. |
6. |
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p. |
7. |
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p. |
8. |
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p. |
9. |
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10. |
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12, |
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13. |
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14 |
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15 |
20 NOVHTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
P. 11. 1 [Procellaria aequinoctialis — Cape Hen.]
*^Pterodroma macroptera — Long-winged Petrel.
*'\Pterodroma incerta — Atlantic Petrel.
■fPterodroma externa — Juan Fernandez Petrel.
*fPterodroma mollis — Soft-plumaged Petrel.
? [Pterodroma brevirostris — Kerguelen Petrel.]
Daption capensis — Cape Pigeon.
*'\Pachyptila vittata keyteli — Tristan Broad-billed Prion.
Macronectes giganteus — Giant Petrel.
*Pelecanoides urinatrix dacunhae — Tristan Diving Petrel.
*'\Diomedea exidans exulans — Wandering Albatross. P. 16. ■\Thalassarche melanophris — Black-browed MoUymawk.
*'\Thalassarche chlororhynchus — Yellow-nosed Mollymawk. P. 17. *'fPhoebetriafusca — Sooty Albatross. P. 104. *'fAtlantisia rogersi — Tristan Rail. P. 109. *Porphyriornis nesiotis — Tristan Coot (extinct ?). P. 144. *?t Larus dominicanus — Southern Black-backed Gull. P. 147. *-fCatharacta antarctica — Antarctic Skua. P. 149. *1[ Sterna vittata — Kerguelen Tern. P. 154. *-fAnous stolidu-s — Atlantic Noddy.
P. 155. *Megalopterus mimitus atlanticus — Atlantic White-capped Noddy. P. 447. *'\Nesocichla eremita eremita — Tristan Thrush.
*'\Nesocichla eremita gordoni — Inaccessible Island Thrush. P. 833. *Nesospiza acunhae acunhae — Tristan and Inaccessible Island Bunting.
*Nesospiza acunhae questi — Nightingale Island Bunting.
*Nesospiza wilkinsi — Large-billed Bunting (Nightingale Island). P. 844. ^lonornis martinica — American Purple Gallinule.
Total thirty-six, of which twenty-two at least breed in the group.
In the following compilation I have endeavoured to bring together the main items of interest in the life history of those birds which have been recorded from this group of islands, together with the history of the discovery of the islands and subsequent occupation, taken from the published accounts.
Mr. Jack G. Gordon's notes are m square brackets.
[At all times, but especially when the potato crop fails, and suppUes rim low, the islanders dejiend largely on the various sea-birds and their eggs for food. All the species frequenting the islands, with the exception of Skuas and Penguins, are eaten, as are all eggs, those of the Penguin and Yellow-nosed Albatross easily outnumbermg all the rest put together. Unfortmiately the people are careless, and take no thought or care to conserve this very valuable source of supply, so several species have become scarce or have left the island. Both Mrs. Barrow and Mrs. Rogers give several instances of wholesale destruction, no less than 6,939 " Mollyhawks " being killed durmg March and April in one year " and 25,200 Penguins' eggs being taken in one season." On the 12th January, 1909, Mrs. Barrow writes: "Six men who had been to Inaccessible returned, and I am sorry to say that one of them purposely set fire to the tussac grass, which has been burning for three days. The fire can be seen from here 25 miles away. The men say that thousands of birds must have been destroyed,
• Tristan breeding birds. | Gordon collection.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1!»32. 21
as it is their nesting time. It is horrible to thinly of." She adds that it was still burning a month later ! Acts like this should be severely punished. At that time several men of a bad type came from Cape Town and caused much trouble in the generally peaceful community.
Also a great many dogs were kept, some families having as many as four, most of which had to find their own living, and the birds suffered in consequence. But this has been remedied. Until 1882 there were no rats on Tristan, but that year half a dozen managed to get ashore from the wreck of the Henry B. Page. Mr. Dodson, the missionary then, urged the men to kill them, pointing out what troulile they would cause. But they thought a few rats wouldn't hurt, and did nothing ! In later years these rats wrought great havoc among the crops, and were probably the cause ot all the land birds becoming extinct on the island.
Seemingly there are no rats yet on either Inaccessible or Nightingale Islands, and long may it continue so .
I had wished to get into touch with Tristan, and learn something of its birds. But it is well named " the lonely isle," for my first letter, written in 1910 and addressed simply to "the Chief man, Tristan da Cunha, S. Atlantic " took five years to get there ! and three more for an answer to reach me ! There were then letters from three " Chiefmen " and one " Chiefwoman." I have since received occasionally rough skins, and eggs (mostly broken), but many seem to go astray on the long journey. All are of great interest, several being first records for the group. The chief difficulty has been to get any data with the specimens. Though I have sent out scores of data cards, some already written up as guides, it seems impossible for them to do it correctly, and some of their efforts are very quaint. Here are some samples. " Mollyhawk egg, from Franks HiU, North West Point of Tristan da Cunha. We name this hill after a man by the name of Frank who got lost on the mountain and he made his h^^use on the mountain and slept there, and we call it Franks Hill." Nothing about the bird, nest or any- thing ! " The Peho egg, a blackliird with yellow on the beak. This bird make the nest near the edge of cliffs and it is very dangerous to get at their nests at times." This is a bit better. " These 6 eggs shell are call the ' Seahen,' we got them on the 14th of October 1920, and my boy had to go 9 miles for them and my boy's name is William and he is thirteen years of age and we got them the placewe call Sandypoint." Too much William and not "Seahen " about this effort!
Almost aU the skins are now in the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh, and were verified by W. Eagle Clarke and Surgeon-Admiral T. H. Stenhouse. Gregory M. Mathews has also examined some of them.
I am greatly indebted to the books on the island, by Mrs. Barrow and Mrs. Rogers, for much urPormation regarding the birds and islands.]
1. EUDYPTES CRISTATUS MOSELEYI M. & I. The Rock-hopper Penguin
(Penguin).'
Eudypies serresianus nwseleyi Mathews and Iredale, Man. Birds Aicstr. vol. i, p. 11, March 9th, 1921. Inaccessible Island, Tristan da Cunha Group.
This species has a very wide range, extending from Prince Edward, Marion, Crozets, Kerguelen and Gough Islands : Tristan da Cunha to the Austro-New Zealand Region.
^ The second name given in a few instances is tlie name by which the Tristan islanders call the bird.
22 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
The typical form is from the Falkland Islands (figured in Cim. Phys. pi. 49). It is represented by this subspecies in the Tristan Group, which is figured in Yoy. Chall. pi. 30, 1881, and on Kerguelen by interjectus ; while the Austro- New Zealand subspecies must be called filholi, which I have figured and described in my Bird/i of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islatuli, pi. 32, 1928. The older-used name was chrysocome, but this is now considered indeterminable by up-to-date workers.
It spends a lot of its time at sea, only coming ashore to breed. It moults in March, then goes to sea in the middle of AprU, returning again in July or August. Mates, and commences nesting in September. In October eggs and young are found, and by November all or most of the eggs have been hatched.
The Austro-New Zealand form leaves Macquarie Island early in May, after moulting in AprU, and returns about the middle of October, and its breeding season is October to December.
They nest in colonies, in the long grass, making a nest which is just a depression, sometimes Ihied.
The eggs consist of two to the clutch, and are bluish white to greenish white, ovoid in shape and with a smooth surface, but pitted, and measure 65-5 by 56-5 mm. (Macquarie Island) and 70 by 57-5 (Campbell Island) (Oliver 9).
The breeding season is September to November.
[They are very numerous in the group, and at Tristan there are large rookeries, at " Stony Beach," " Trypot," " Seal Bay," " Sandy Point," etc., where they nest close to the sea, as a rule.
Last year young come in to moult in December, and Mrs. Barrow writes in January 1908 : " The poor penguins that land on this shore (i.e. near the settle- ment) have but a short Hfe, as the dogs hunt them out at once. While moulting they need no other food than that which Nature has provided in a store of oil from which they can dra^. They hide in holes, small caves, etc., during the time they are helpless."
The eggs are a great asset in hard times, but Mrs. Rogers states that the birds themselves are not eaten by the people. On the 24th September, 1906, Mrs. Barrow writes : " The men again went to Sandy Point for eggs. I wish they did not take them in such a wholesale way. They brought back shoals ! " While on the 19th September, 1907, she says : " The men went to the Penguin rookery to-day. Each man carries a box on his back holding 150 eggs, no light load ! When the birds are up for laying, the pairs keep together, the hen on the nest, and the cock standing by. They make a tremendous noise day and night. While in 1924 Mrs. Rogers records that Penguin eggs are used in great quantities in September and October, and that 25,200 were said to have been used that year, 7,200 being collected by the boats in a day round the island. While on the 21st September, 1925, 5,000 were collected. Little, if any, nest is made, and two eggs are the usual clutch, but they will lay several if the first are taken when fresh. The eggs are white, with a tinge of blue, and rather spherical in shape, and are often much stained, when the rookery is in peaty or damp ground. They vary greatly in size. My two largest sets taken 14/9/17 and 8/9/20 measure 72 x 57-5 and 71-5 X 55-5, and 72-5 x 57 and 70 X 55. While the smallest taken 8/9/20 is only 58-5 x 48 and 57-5 x 47. One egg taken 5/9/20 and " first egg the Penguin lay" measures 63-5 x 44 and is unlike a Penguin's in shape, bemg elongate and pointed.
Of Nightmgale Island the Rev. H. M. Rogers says, 31st January, 1924 : " The
NOVITATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932. 23
1,000's of Penguins in their rookeries are a truly remarkable sight. Though moulting, they were fat and lively, but we noticed many dead young, and numbers of spoiled eggs. They nest right up, far ashore, here in the Tussac, which grows taDer than a man. Nothing molests them — men, rats, cats and dogs are all absent." There are large rookeries, too, on the small adjacent islets — " Alec's," " White," '■ Stoltenhoff , " and " Old Man." I have received several skins at various times.]
GARRODIA NEREIS CHUBBI Mathews. Falkland Grey-backed Storm Petrel.
This bird flies the southern oceans. It is figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 14, 1907. It is represented in the South Indian Ocean by the Kerguelen form, couesi, and the typical form occurs in the Soiith Pacific Ocean in the Austro-New Zealand region. This latter bird is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 64, 1845, and by myself in vol. ii, pi. 69, 1912.
PELAGODROMA MARINA MARINA (Lath.). White-faced Storm Petrel.
This bird was originally described from the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, where it was collected, and a drawing made by Sidney Parkinson. It breeds on Nightingale Island.
There are four or five forms, the above being the typical subspecies ; it is represented by hypoleuca breeding on the Great Salvage, Canary and Cape Verde Islands. The Australian form is dulciae, figured in my Birds Austr., vol. ii, pi. 70, 1912, and the New Zealand bird maoriana, figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 15, 1907.
The nest is placed at the end of a burrow.
The clutch is one ; variable in size and shape. Sometimes pure white, at others the larger end is thickly speckled with minute rusty spots and others sparsely all over. Elongately oval to subrotundately oval. The measurements are 35-41 mm. x 25-28.
Bent [11] gives the average of the typical form as 36-20 x 22-03.
Breeding season November to January.
[In the Systema Aefhiopica, vol. I, 1924, this petrel is described as breeding at Nightingale Island. While Alexander's Birds of the Ocean, 1928, also records it from Tristan. I have not received any Tristan skins, nor have I had any in- formation from the natives regarding this kind. But they easily overlook species at all similar.
Eggs of the typical form are lacking ui my collection, but two from Mud Island, Victoria, of P. m. dulciae, the Australian form, measure 38-9 X 25 and 37 X 27-5. They are rather oval, and white with fine pale-red dots. Nest in a small burrow.]
OCEANITES OCEANICUS OCEANICUS (Kuhl.). YeUow-webbed Storm Petrel.
The bird breeds on Kerguelen and other islands in the Southern Ocean, such as the South Orkneys. Wanders north to Africa and Queensland in Australia. Europe.
The typical form was collected off the mouth of the Rio de la Plata, in South America. It was figured by Gould in vol. vii, pi. 65, 1846 ; Godman, in his
24 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXV'III. 1932.
Monograph, pi. 12, 1907, and I figured the Austro-New Zealand subspecies, in my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, jil. 68, 1912.
It nests (Clarke 2) on Laurie Island, in the South Orkneys, in the chfEs. A photo is given on pi. x, where on December 1 1th the first egg was obtamed.
" There was no attempt at nest making ; the egg was simply laid in a hollow in the earth in narrow clefts and fissures in the face of the cliff, under boulders and sometimes luider stones, on the screes sloping from the foot of the precipice at heights varying from 20 to 300 ft. above sea-level. Sometimes the egg was placed very far in. The searcher could hear the low hoUow whistle uttered every few seconds by the sitting bird. When caught on the egg the birds brought up a reddish fluid, which issued both from the mouth and nostrils.
" In addition to the low whistle, these Petrels had a harsh screaming chuckle. These noises they kept up almost continuously after dark, especially on still nights.
" They appear to return year after year to the same nesting places, for both eggs and dead young birds of previous seasons were numerous in the tenanted holes contaming the fresh egg.
" The eggs are elongated ovals, dull white, peppered with tiny dots of reddish- brown and underlying ones of hlac, mostly accumulated round one end, but occasionally sprinkled all over the surface. Eight eggs average 33'7 X 24 mm. The largest 36 x 24, and the smallest 32 x 23. Bent (11) gives the average as 32-2 X 23-2."
The Austro-New Zealand from exa^speratiis breeds at Cape Adare in January, where it forms a tunnel, at the end of which is an enlarged chamber, lined with feathers.
The clutch is one, elongated, dull white, sparingly dotted with reddish spots, and sometimes these spots form a ring round the larger end. They measure 33 X 23 mm.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a text-figure and say that these birds fly very close to and along the contour of every little wave, with outsjjread wings, very seldom flapping, but every now and again dropping the feet to touch the water and then picking up some small crustacean (?) from the surface. The feet, when the bird is on the wing, project about three-quarters of an inch beyond the taU, giving the tail a cuneate form which it does not reaUy possess, the taU being cut across more or less square. Dr. Wilson was impressed with the resemblance of this Petrel to a house martin.
[This species was observed near the group by the Quest Expedition in May 1922. But on questioning the people they were told that this Petrel was rarely seen at the islands.
I have only a single egg taken at Jason Island, Falkland Isles, on the 12th December, 1928, nest a few feathers imder a boulder. It measures 34 x 23, and is duU white, with a ring of tiny reddish spots.]
FREGETTORNIS GRALLARIA TRISTANENSIS. The Atlantic White-fringed Storm Petrel (or Storm Pigeon).
Mathew,s, Bull. B.O.C Hi, p. 123, April 5tli, lii:i2. liiaec;i.',s,siljU- Island.
This bird nests on Inaccessible Island, as reported by the Islanders, and this is the first record for the Atlantic Ocean. This and Pterodroma externa tristani
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 25
occur on the Tristan Group. The question arises, what is the connection between Juan Fernandez Island in the Eastern Pacific and the Tristan Group ?
The species is figured as Fregetta grallaria in my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, pi. 72, 1912, and in my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, pLs. 6 and 10, 1928.
In the American Museum Novilates no. 124, July 22nd, 1924, Dr. Robert C. Murphy proved that the type of grallaria did not come from Australia and re- stricted the type locality to the breeding form on Juan Fernandez Island. Now grallaria occurs commonly in the South Pacific Ocean, between Australia and South America, and we hav^three forms there. Wing of typical birds 153-9mm. ; innominatus, 160-8 ; titan, 181-6. In the same publication no. 322, July 14th, 1928, p. 4, Murphy named his large form, titun, when he had 17 males and 10 females ; he found the females slightly exceed the males in size ; in 63 skins measured from Juan Fernandez, the females also were slightly larger.
It was the finding of this species in the Atlantic, so near the type locality of leucogaster, that caused all the workers to mix up the two forms. A bird with white fringes to the feathers of the uppersurf ace and an all-white undersurface was to most men typical leucogaster ; hence they called leucogaster short-toed, as this trisfanensis is. Some workers speak of the short-toed leucogaster {= tristanensis) and the long-toed.
Writing of the typical form of grallaria, Bent (II), under leucogaslris, quotes Beck as saying that it breeds on Santa Clara Island, which lies about ten miles from the west end of Masatierra Island. " The nests were usually in rock piles inider a good-sized rock. The few nests examined were lined with straws or a few twigs from bushes. One nest with its downy occupant was plainly visible without moving the overshadowing rock. On January 19th, 1914, the date of my visit, I found more nests with young birds than with eggs. As with other species of petrels, the downy young is left alone during the day."
Eggs. — Clutch one. The eggs vary in shape from oval to broad elliptical ovate. The shell is smooth, but without lustre, and the colour is dull white, more or less discoloured. One has a wreath of small purphsh-brown dots near the larger end, and in one these dots form a cap over the whole of that end ; the other has a larger cap of such dots with many minute dots scattered over the egg. The three measure 34-5 X 24 ; 34 x 25 ; 32-5 x 25 mm. (average 33-6 X 24-66).
Breeding season December and January (Juan Fernandez Group).
Juvenils. — The new plumage, which shows under the quaker drab-coloured down, is much like the adult plumage, except that the scapulars and the wing- coverts, particularly the latter, are broadly edged with white.
An interesting characteristic of this bird is the manner in which it strikes the water with one foot. In a breeze or wind it was always the leeward leg that was used, the windward one being stretched out behind. As our schooner was always on the wind, the Petrels usually had but little use for the leg on the south- ern side of the body. When the birds flew directly into the wind either one or the other or both legs might be used.
[Local name " Storm Pigeon." This species is well known to the people and is not uncommon in the islands. Two skins have been sent me, one of which is labelled " Inaccessible Island, 28th April, 1923." I do not know if it ever breeds on Tristan itself, but it is said to do so on either Inaccessible or Nightingale, or possibly both, though no eggs have been sent as yet.
26 NOVITATES ZooLOCilCAE XXXVIII. 1932.
The egg is described as measuring 33-5 x 25, dull white in colour, slightly spotted with reddish brown at the larger end, while the nest is of dry grass in a burrow 18 in. long.]
FREGETTORNIS MELANOLEUCA. Black and White Storm Petrel.
This bird was said by Salvadoii to be from Tristan da Cunha. So far it remains unique. Its equUateral-shaped foot shows it to be a Fregettornis, but the size of the foot prevents it being any known form other than itself.
As we have no material on which to form an opinion, we must leave it as it is, and estabUsh it as a species, as I pointed out in my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Inlands, p. 9, October 16th, 1928.
FREGETTA TROPICA MELANOGASTER (Gould). Black-beUied Storm Petrel.
This subspecies was described by Gould, from the South Indian Ocean, and figured by him, vol. vii, pi. 62, 1847, and in my Birds Austr. vol. ii, pi. 71, 1912, and by Godman on pi. 17, 1907, from the South Indian Ocean, breeding on Kerguelen and the Crozets : and the Austro-New Zealand bird is australis breed- ing on the Auckland Islands off New Zealand.
It breeds on Laurie Island in the South Orkney Islands, in December (Clarke 2), in a crevice in a rock, placed about 15 ft. above the sea-level. The female was sitting. The eggs measured 36 x 25-5 mm. The Kerguelen egg (clutch one) is duU white sparingly dotted all over with small pink dots and measures 37 x 27 mm.
The Austro-New Zealand form constructs a small burrow in the bare earth, about 18 in. long, at the end of which is an enlarged chamber, Hned with a good handful of dried grass.
The clutch is one egg, which is elliptic, blunt at each end ; white with a pinkish tinge and a broad ring of maroon speckles in or above middle. The measurements are 38-5 by 27 mm. (OUver 9) ; 37 by 27 (Stead, June 13th, 1932).
Breeding season January and February, Auckland Island.
Lowe and Kinnear (7), pp. 126-8, go fully into the species, and doubt if melanogaster can be separated from tropica.
PUFFINUS ASSIMILIS ELEGANS G. and S. Gough Island Shearwater.
In my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, pp. 50-71, pi. 73, 1912, 1 gave the full history of this species, and for the first time showing clearly the differences between assimilis and Iherminieri, which up to then had been mixed up by all workers ; later Dr. Murphy, in the Artier. Mus. Novit. No. 276, September 8th, 1927, also discussed these forms.
Godman, in his Monograph, pi. 36, 1908, figured the type skin of elegans, which had already been figured by Salvin in Rowley's Miscell.. pi. 34, in 1876. The type came from S. Lat. 43° 54' ; E. Long. 9° 20'.
It was found breeding (Clarke 1) on Gough Island. The nesting burrows were deep and situated on the steep grass-covered bank flanking the side of the ravine. The locality was honeycombed with their holes.
The typical bird's egg (the clutch is single) is white, oval in shape, smooth and without gloss, and the average measurements are 50 x 35 mm.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 27
[This form wa.s found breeding on Gougli Island by the Scotia Expedition.
It seems little known in the Tristan Group, however, but a single skin was found in the collection sent in 1919, which is possibly the first record for the island. With it was an egg said to be of the same species, taken from a burrow, but with no data. It is oval and white and measures 51 x 35-8.
I have two eggs of the typical form taken at Lord Howe Island on the 30th July, 1929. They are smooth, pure white and rather oval, and measure 50 X 35-3 and 48 x 33 ; while two of the form P. a. kermadecensis from the Ker- madecs are 50-8 x 33-2 and 49-8 x 35-8.]
[PUFFINUS Lri^RMINIERI. Brown-backed Little Shearwater.
Bent (11), under Iherminieri of Lesson, says that the birds breed in colonies in holes or crevices of the rocks, but seldom more than a foot from the surface.
The single egg is laid on the rock or in a loosely constructed nest of twigs or dried grass.
The egg is white, fragile and not highly jjolished. The average measurements are 62-5 x 36-2 mm. The four extremes measure 57-3 x 40-8, 49-2 x 35-2, 50 X 34 mm.
The breeding season on the Bahama Islands is April.
Incubation is carried on by both parents, and before the egg is laid both occupy the hole together. The parent does not brood the young, but merely sits beside it duruig the first day or two of its existence, after which it is left alone during the daytime.
This species does not occiu' in Tristan, but is added for comparison.]
ARDENNA GRAVIS (O'Reilly). Greater Shearwater (Petrel).
This bird is figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 25, 1908. It flies the Atlantic Ocean from Greenland to South Africa and South America.
On Night mgale Island Wilkins (4) says that many burrows of this bird were dug out, but m May they showed no sign of mating.
They breed on both Nightingale and Inaccessible Islands m November, where at night they flock in by the hundreds. A few were caught in their burrows.
Bent (11) says that this bird is called the hag, hagdon or hagdown by sailors. He quotes Jomdain, who describes the eggs (the clutch is single) as white, with no trace of markings, though slightly stained by the soil. The shape is a pointed oval ; and they are entirely devoid of gloss. The smooth surface, being covered closely with minute granulations. The average measurement of eight eggs is 77-7 X 48-6 mm., and the breeding season given me by this latter contributor is May on Tristan Group, March on Nightmgale Island, September on Inaccessible Island ; surely a varied season.
" The flight of the Greater Shearwater is extremely graceful and very characteristic. With long, sharply pointed, sUghtly decurved whigs they scale along close to the waves, sailmg into the teeth of the wind by skilfully taking advantage of the air currents deflected upwards from the surges. Now they turn on their side with one wing just grazing the water, the other high in the air. Again they take a few quick whig strokes and land themselves just above a breaker, but so close that one expects to see them overwhelmed in the foam.
28 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1032.
One cannot help noticing the shape of their bodies, cylindrical and tapering posteriorly, a cigar-shape well adapted for rapid passage through the air without ' dragging.'
" Owing to the great length of their wings, Shearwaters need a strong wind to rise from the surface of the water, and even then they often make the surface foam as they climb uji the waves paddling vigorously with alternate feet. In perfect calms the advent of a swift-moving steamer in the midst of a flock becomes for these birds a matter of serious concern. They flap along the siu-face heavily, using both feet and wings, and as they struggle they ' lighten ship ' by vomiting up the contents of their crops and stomachs. Some, unable to rise above the water, endeavour to hide themselves below the surface by vigorous actions of both wings and feet, but in this, as in the case of the proverbial ostrich in the sand, they are only partially successful. Like Petrels, the Shearwaters occasionally skip along the surface of the water on their feet, using their wings to balance and support them.
" The Greater Shearwater is on occasions an active diver, and is able to swim well under water. It dives from the surface of the water on which it first alights.
" Two that had been caught walked as well as ducks and made no pretence of sitting on their rumps. . . . When set at liberty they launched towards the water, dived several yards obliquely, and on coming to the surface splashed and washed themselves for several minutes before they took to wing.
" The vocal performances of the Greater Shearwater are limited to harsh cries and screams which they emit when eager for food.
" The eagerness of these birds for food is so great that they seem to be devoid of all fear of man and recklessly approach close to the boat from which the food supply comes.
" The cylindrical, tapering body, the long curved and pointed wmgs and gracefid flight make the recognition of this Shearwater an easy one. The black biU, white breast and belly, the greyish -brown back and dark head, the white patch at the base of the tafl, and the dark bars on the sides and flanks are all points to be noticed in its recognition."
The eggs vary in measurements, the largest being 81-7 x 47-4 from Inacces- sible Island, September, and the smallest 70-3 < 46-9 ; the widest is 80-2 X 52, Nightingale Island (March), the narrowest 71-6 x 44-3, Inaccessible Island.
It seems unlikely that this bird breeds on the same group in March, May, September and November. Perhaps the islanders who collect these eggs get the dates wrong. I suggest the breeding season as September to November.
[Local name. " Petrel." This is the correct local name among the Tristan people, and not " Pediunker," as has been stated elsewhere, the latter name referring to Adamastor cineretis. About a dozen skins have been sent me at different times, two from Inaccessible being dated 26th April, 1923. The Great Shearwater is plentiful round Tristan, Nicol stating, on the 17th January, 1906, that " it was seen in some abundance, and nearly always two together, so probably breeds there. But it does not appear to nest on this island, though it does so in large numbers on both Inaccessible and Nightingale. The Quest E.xpedition records that on the 21st May, 1922, " many burrows of this species were found on the hillsides on both islands, but that between 10 a.m. and 5 p.m. very few were occupied. And although many were dug up, there was no trace of a nest, nor did the few birds captured, betrayed by their grmiting, show any sign of
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 29
being near the mating period. At night they seemed to flock in by the hundred. The Tristan Group is, curiously enough, the only known breeding place of this common Shearwater, though the eggs in some older collections come from some weird and unlikely places, as Greenland ! Seemmgly the first authentic eggs were four or five obtained with skins by P. C. Keytel on Inaccessible in November, 1908. (It is stated by Mrs. Barrow, in her book, page 174, that the Rev. J. G. Barrow and a boat's crew from Tristan visited Inaccessible from 5th to 11th November, 1907, and "were able to get a few 'Petrels'' eggs, but digging these out of the nest holes was wet and muddy work.")
The first egg I obtained was collected by John Class at Inaccessible on the 11th November, 1917, and was taken from a burrow on a hillside there. It is a small egg measuring only 70-3 x 46-9. The Rev. H. M. Rogers most kindly sent me a dozen eggs all taken at Inaccessible on the 14th November, 1924. The nests were made of a little dry grass at the end of a long burrow in hiUsides, and several of the birds were caught at home. Unfortunately most of these eggs arrived smashed, but I have been able to measure ten which average 77 x 49. The 1917 egg is slightly the smallest, while one long pomted egg measures 84-5 X 50.]
PRIOCELLA ANTARCTICA (Stephens). SUver-grey Petrel.
This bird was observed on Laurie Island m November and December, and it was considered highly probable that a few pairs were nesting there (Clarke 2). It was said (Clarke 3) to nest at Cape Roquemaurel, on the west coast of Louis Philippe Land.
The maxilla and mandible are tipped with black, the middle portion of the bill pale flesh coloured and the base and nares pale cobalt-blue. Feet pale flesh, the webs washed with yellow, claws black. Iris dark brown and the pupil blue- black. It was recorded by Moseley ; and Wilkins (Ibis, 1923, p. 497) from Tristan.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) say the bird moults in March, and reports it common at sea.
The bird is figured by Gould, vol. vii, jjI. 48, 1848, and in Godman's Mono- graph, pi. 43, 1908, and in my Birds of Austr. vol. ii, pi. 82, 1912.
It breeds at Penguin Point, Haswell Island, and Stillwell Point, Adelie Land, in December [and January ?]. The biu-rows may be formed in firm snow or in niches among the boulders or ensconced in bowers excavated beneath the snow.
The clutch is one, white, dull f*id lustreless ; oval to pointed oval ; the shell is fine grained, with numerous irregularly shaped pittings over the surface. They measure 70, 75 and 84 x 46-5 mm., 48 and 49. Average of three, 76-3 X 47-6 (North).
ADAMASTOR CINEREUS (Gm.). Great Grey Petrel (Pediunker).
This bird has a vast distribution, breedmg on Gough Island in the Atlantic and Round Island near Mauritius and Kerguelen Island ; also Macquarie Island, off New Zealand. It occurs around the Antarctic Circle.
This bird was discovered on Cook's voyage, off New Zealand, and beautifully described by Solander as Procellaria ■pallipes. It is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 47, 1848, Godman's Monogr., pi. 41, 1908, and in my Birds of Austr., vol. ii, pi. 81, 1912.
30 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
In life from Gough Island the maxilla is dull pea-green ; the nostrils, culmen and unguis are black ; the mandible with apical i)late and cutting edge is black, the lower plate pea -green. Tarsus and toes pinkish grey, darker or blackish at the joints, the webs yellowish (Clarke 1).
Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a cut of the bill, showing a different coloured bill for the Austro-New Zealand bird, and say that it dives into the water after the garbage thrown overboard, with its wings haK outspread from a position as if it was just about to settle on the water. WUkins (4) found them in burrows on the hillside about 1,800 ft. up on Gough Island, between May 28th and June 1st, 1922.
The Austro-New Zealand bird differs from the Gough Island form in the colour of its bill. The Austro-New Zealand bird has the tips of both mandibles horn-colour ; the apical plate pale horn-colour, not black ; the lower plate dull white, not pea-green. It nests in a burrow on the mountain of Tristan da Cunha in April. The white eggs measure 79-85 x 57-58 mm.
[Local name, " Pedimiker " or " Paddyunker," which is the correct Tristan name for this species, and does not refer to the Great Shearwater, which Ls locally known as " Petrel."
In the Appendices to Mrs. Barrow's book the following rather mixed account appears, which from the breeding date, etc., undoubtedly refers to this bird, and not to the Great Shearwater, which nests in November.
" 10 The Pediunker lays in May and June ; it is Uke a Petrel. We think it must be the Shearwater [Priofimis cinerems] of which we were told at the South African Museum, Cajie Town, that it frequents Scotland and that its nesting- place was unknown until Mr. Keytel brought a specimen of it and its eggs from Tristan in 1909." I received one skin from Tristan in 1919, and two labelled " Paddyiuiker," " Inaccessible," 26th April, 1923. Three eggs have also been sent me, one said to be from a burrow with the first skin. One data reads, " ' Paddyunker ' eggs from burrows from the side of the moiuitain, Tristan da Cunha, 6th April, 1923." These eggs measure 85 x 58, 81 x 53 and 79 x 57. They are dull white, without gloss, the ends being rounded. One is considerably earth-stained. Colonel R. Sparrow has also three Tristan taken eggs which measure 85-2 X 55, 84 x 56-5 and 83-5 X 57-5, but they are without date. [Are these the eggs of Procellaria ? See next species. — G. M. M.]
Although this species has been recorded as breeding at Gough Island, there is, I believe, no record m hterature of its occurrence in the Tristan Group. If these are correct, there is something seriously wrong with the eggs recorded previously. Eggs accompanied by a skin of the bird were collected on Macquarie Island in the latter part of November 1896 by Joseph Burton. A. J. Campbell gives the average of seven of these eggs as only 70-6 X 51-4, the largest being 71-5 X 51-4, and describes them as either roundish or broad oval ; texture of shell close, but coarse, surface very sUghtly glossy, and colour pure white, but become nest-stained.]
PROCELLARIA AEQUINOCTLALIS AEQUINOCTIALIS (L.). Cape Hen or
White-chinned Petrel.
There is another well-known Petrel to the early travellers. It occurs off the Cape, the Falklands and the Southern Ocean, up to South America and New Zealand.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 31
Godman figured it in his Monograph, pi. 44, 1908, from Valparaiso — this is brabo2irnei ; and I figured the Austro-New Zealand form steadi in my Supplement to the Birds of Norfolk and, Lord Howe Islands. The typical form breeds on the Falklands or South Georgia, while mixta breeds on Kerguelen and the Crozets. In my Birds of A ustralia, vol. ii, p. 111,1912,1 give a text figure of mixta, showmg the white extending down the tliroat, and on p. 112 the very small chin spot of the Austro-New Zealand bird. Gould, in vol. vii, pi. 46, 1848, figured the form known as conspicillata, and so did I, in vol. ii, pi. 79, 1912, of which the type locality is Cape Seas, where the bird I figured was caught at sea by Mr. Richard H. W. Leach, somewhere about 1863, on his voyage to Australia. In spite of what Gould says, this form does not occur off the Australian-New Zealand waters, and must be removed from the list.
" On Kerguelen they nest in burrows on the sloping sides of a hill, frequently with an inch or two of water at the entrance. The nesting chamber is spherical in shape and rather large ; the nest is composed of mud and pieces of plants arranged m the form of an m verted saucer, three or four inches high, sUghtly hoUowed out on the top, a space bemg left between its base and the sides of the chamber."
Egg. — Clutch one, white, nearly equally pointed at both ends, and measures 81 X 52 mm. Breeding season, December.
" Both sexes sit on the egg, the males by day. Duruig the period previous to nesting, the birds make an extraordinary cackling in the burrow at night. When dug out of their nests, if handled the birds utter a high-pitched cry and frequently inflict a severe wound with their beak and claws. They make no attempt to fly, unless chased, but waddle back to their burrows."
On Antipodes Islands the burrows are the same, the egg is laid in December and the young fully hatched m May.
" On Auckland they nest in January and February. Nests consisting of a considerable accumulation of dry grass, placed in an enlarged termmal chamber, at the end of a bm'row about three feet long. In the wet peaty bank, the upward sloping burrow opened at its inner end into a chamber about a foot and a half in diameter. The mud from the floor of this chamber had been raked up into a heap in the centre of it, leavmg a perfectly formed dram all round, from which the water trickled out down the burrow. The nest was built of grass, as before, and placed in a shallow depression in the central heap, two or three mches above the water in the smrouncUng drain. I later ascertained that the birds build those heaps by standing knee deep in mud in the middle of the nest chamber and raking the mud mwards with their bills (Stead in OUver 9)."
Egg. — Clutch one, white and ovoid, 80-83 x 53-5-55 mm.
Breeding season, December to February. Young fully fledged in May (Oliver 9).
Lowe and Kinnear (7) tell us that when feeding they go completely mider water, with their feet and wings outspread, and come up again with the wings still spread, exactly as do the Shearwaters.
[The Quest Expedition m May 1922 saw this species in the vicinity of the group, but the peoj)le, when questioned, said that they were seldom seen, and that they did not think they nest at the islands. I have had no skins, nor have the people mentioned it to me.
I have no eggs of this bird myself, and the only description I can find of them
32 NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVllI. 1932.
is that of the Rev. A. E. Eaton, who accompanied the Trartsit of Venus Expedition to Kerguelen I.sland.
He describes the breeding season as from November to January, and the nest as a burrow on a slophig hillside with a spherical chamber at the end ; the egg as an elongated oval, coarse in texture, slightly glossj' and pure white in colour, measuring 86 x 52.
This is much nearer the size and description of the eggs taken on the mountain in April and sent to Col. R. Sparrow and myself, the largest bemg 85 X 58 ; but the skins are certamly A. cinereus, and both skins and eggs are labelled " Paddyunker."]
PTERODROMA MACROPTERA MACROPTERA (Smith). Great-winged Petrel
(Black Eaglet).
This bird breeds on Tristan da Cunha in June and July, not high upon the mountain-side, where it forms a burrow in the ground, at the end of which it lays its egg, oval in shape, white, with no gloss ; measurements 68-69 X 48-49 mm.
It is figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 46, 1908, and I figure the New Zealand form gouldi in vol. ii, pi. 83, 1912, which breeds on the island north of New Zealand ; the eggs measurmg 65-5-67 >; 48-5-49 mm. The Western Australian form albaiii is found on Rabbit Island.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a text figure showmg the bird in flight.
Dr. R. C. Murphy suggests that " Eaglet " is a corruption of " Haglet," which is a common name for Petrels amongst American whalemen.
[Local name, " Black Eaglet." This is a common Petrel at Tristan, and well known to aU the people.
Mrs. Barrow states that it comes in to moult in May, and lays in the first week of July. But she also ^Tites on the 24th May, 1906 : '' Glass brought back some Eaglets' eggs from the ' Bluff,' they are about as big as a Duck's and white. We had them for supper, they have a sUghtly fishy taste." On the 13th June she continues : " Diu-ing a picnic to the ' Base ' some 2,000 ft. up my husband looked for Eaglets' eggs, but only found one. The hen was caught but liberated agaui, when unfoi'tunately the dogs got it." On the 22nd of that month she adds : " Rob the collie also learned to hunt for Eaglets, which nest in holes, but had to be restrained, as he killed the birds. We had scrambled Eaglets' eggs for break- fast to-day." But from the dates I fear that she must have had scrambled cliff- Petrels, as well as their eggs ! ! She also writes on the 7th October, 1906 : " The men, in their spare time just now, hunt for young Eaglets, which they are bringing in in large quantities." The only mention of them in Mrs. Rogers' book is, '■ Black Eaglets are got in June and July, and we foiuid them good eating."
I have received several Tristan skins, one of which is labelled " Seal Bay, Tristan, 1st June, 1923."
On Tristan they breed plentifully on the hillsides above the " Base," at an elevation of some 2,000 ft., making a sUght nest in a buirow. The egg is very white and smooth, without gloss, and rather oval in shape. Six eggs average about 68-8 x 48-2, my largest being 69 x 49. They also breed on Inaccessible and Nighthigale.]
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVTII. 1932. 33
PTERODROMA INCERTA (Sclilegel). Atlantic Petrel.
This bird was obtained on Tristan da Cunha, and is figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 53, 1908, where he considered that it may be a brown phase of lessoni, as it has the blackish mark in front of and round the eye. It is prac- tically the same size.
In my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, p. 148, 1912, I discuss Procellaria alba GmeUii (see also Ibis, 1913, p. 231). However, Loomis, in the Auk, 1920, p. 88, is quite satisfied that alba is the parvirostris of Peale = wortheni of Rothschild, and should be called by the older name.
The Procellaria sandaliata of Solander, the description of which I reproduced on p. 1.51, Ls probably this bird, collected off the east coast of South America, at the mouth of the Rio de la Plata. As sandaliata was put as a sjaionym of arminjoniana in the Catalogue of Birds, vol. xxv, p. 413, 1896, it cannot be again used.
[I do not know of any local name for this Petrel, and only one or two of the people recognize it ; though Nicoll states that on the 17th January, 1916, it was observed off Tristan, and possibly nests there also. He describes it as about the size of a large pigeon, dull brown on the back, with almost golden neck, and white underparts. I have only received one skin of this species, from Tristan, and a single egg said to have been taken from a burrow on a hillside at the " Bluff " in June 1918. This egg is dull white, bluntly oval, with a very thin shell, and measures 61-5 x 48.] [Is this the first description of the egg of this species ? — G. M. M.]
PTERODROMA EXTERNA TRISTANI Mathews. Juan Fernandez Petrel.
Pterodroma externa trislani Mathew.s, Bull. B.O.C. Hi, p. 63 (19.31). Tristan da Cunlia.
This bird breeds on the Juan Fernandez Group. It is figured by Godman in his Monograph, pi. 62, 1908 ; it Ls replaced in the Kermadec Island Group by the subspecies cervicalis which breeds on Sunday Island. This subspecies is also figured by Godman on pi. 63 ; the Catalogue of Birds, vol. xxv, pi. 6, 1896, and by BuUer in his Supplement, pi. iv, 1905. The egg is j)ure white, broadly ovoid, and measures 64-68 x 57-48. The egg is laid at the end of a burrow in December and January, on Sunday Island. In November they are found in their burrows. The young leave the island in June (Oliver 9).
The discovery of this bird on Tristan is most peculiar, as it is a Pacific Island form. Compare ante under Fregettornis grallaria.
In working up the distribution of the Petrels, I find that latitude is most important. That is to say, that the birds in the same latitude resemble each other more closely, although sejiarated by many mUes, than do bu'ds separated by many degrees of longitude.
PTERODROMA MOLLIS MOLLIS (Gould). Soft-plumed Petrel (White-breasted
Black Eaglet).
This bird was foimd breeding on Tristan da Cunha in November of 1917. This is the tirst time the eggs have been described (see Ibis, 1932, January, p. 165). The bird forms a burrow and lays a smgle egg at the end, which is enlarged into a chamber. The egg is white, duU with no gloss and measures 63-5 x 49-8 mm.
It is represented by a subspecies feae, which breeds in Madeira and occurs at
3
34 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
the Desertas and Cape Verde Islands. The Rev. F. C. R. Jourdain writes me that the eggs of this subspecies measure 55-5 x 41-2 ; 52-7 ;< 40-2 ; 59 x 42 ; the average being 56-4 x 41-1 ; one weighed 2-45 g., another 2. -95 g.
The typical form occurs in the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, east to St. Paul's and Amsterdam Island, and on the west coast of Australia, where three occurrences have been recorded.
It is figured by Gould in vol. vii, pi. 50, 1848, and Godman Monograph, pi. 54, 1908, and I figured a supposed Australia bird, vol. ii, pi. 86, 1912.
The Challenger Expedition obtained two specimens on Nightingale Island on 17th October, 1873, and three examples were secured off Gough Island, and the egg obtained was believed to be of this bird (Clarke 1, p. 202) ; it measures 61 X 42 mm. It will be noted that this egg is smaller than the Tristan one and larger than those of feae. The average of the five eggs is 58-2 X 43-04 mm.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) record one taken off Cape Town and one at sea N.W. of Tristan da Cimha, and on pi. vi give a coloured drawing of the head and leg.
WOkins (4) found them in their burrows in the hillside near the beach on Gough Island, from 28th May to 1st June, 1922. Many others were observed coming inland in the late evening, and their croakuigs could be heard throughout the night. He also observed them at sea on the voyage from Gough Island to Tristan.
[Local name. White-breasted Black Eaglet. All Mrs. Barrow says of this species is " that it lays in November." However, it seems to be quite well known to the Tristan people, though it was some years before we could make out for what species the above local name stood. However, in 1919 a skin arrived with this local name attached, which proved to be mollis. Unfortunately I have no information as to whether this species is jilentLfuI or not at Tristan, but believe that it is found on all three islands. Two eggs have been received at different times, one taken at Tristan in November 1917 and the other in November 1923. They are duU white with no gloss, rather spherical in shape and measure 64 x 49-6 and 63-5 x 49-8. The nests were at the end of burrows on a slope. Does it also breed at Gough Island ?]
In the Bird Room of the Natural History Museum is a bird of the same size as mollis from South Lat. 36° 8' and East Long. 88° 55'. It is uniform dark grej'ish ; the chin and upper throat are mottled, like the lores and forehead. It can be called Pterodroma deceplornis. Type 43-7-14-34. The nearest land is New Amsterdam and St. Paul's Islands.
PTERODROMA BREVIROSTRIS (Less.). Kerguelen Petrel.
This bird breeds on Kerguelen Island. It is figured b}' Godman m his Mono- graph, pi. 60, 1908.
The nest, placed at the end of a burrow of varying lengths, is in an enlarged chamber and composed of damp and decayed vegetable matter. The egg is single, white and measures 50 ■; 38 mm. The breeding season is from October to December. Young found in January.
It was recorded from 69° 33' South and 15° 19' West (Clarke 3), and from Australia by Campbell from a specimen washed up in Western Australia on 6th June, 1926. I figured and described it in my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, p. 102, pi. 38, 1928.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. ■ 35
[Local name, " Night-hawk " ( ?). There is no mention of this Petrel in either Mrs. Barrows' or Mrs. Rogers' books. The people have not mentioned it in any of their lists, but then they have a habit of forgetting species that are quite common there. Nor have I received any skins in any of the collections sent.
The Quest Expedition in May 1922, from questioning the people, include it with a query, as breeding there in November, but they did not see any themselves.
W. B. Alexander, in Birds of the Ocean, 1928, says that it breeds at Tristan da Cunha and Kerguelen. On what authority I do not know.
Among some eggs sent to Col. R. Sparrow from Tristan in 1929 by R. Glass, but with very scanty data, are .4. cinerea, P. gravis, P. macroptera, etc., and a single egg which Glass considers distinct, and named " Night-hawk." It is very white, oval and pointed and measures 69-5 x 53-5.
I have no eggs of this Petrel myself for comparison.] [Are these the eggs of Adamastor ? — G. M. M.]
DAPTION CAPENSIS (L.). Cape Pigeon or Spotted Petrel.
It is also called the " Pmtado " bird, of which the genus name is an anagram.
This widely distributed bird occurs in the Antarctic oceans and northward almo.st to the equator. It is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 53, 1847 ; Godman, in his Monograph pi. 80, 1909 ; and in my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, pi. 90, 1912. The Austro-New Zealand subspecies probably breeds ofi New Zealand.
The Pintado bird of the world's early navigators is probably the best known of all the Petrels to travellers. Its eggs, however, were not found tiU 2nd December, 1903, at the South Orkneys (Clarke 2).
" The three nests from which eggs were obtained were placed on open exposed edges of cliffs on the west side of Uruguay Cove, Laurie Island, at heights of from twenty to one hundred feet above sea-level.
" The nests were composed of a few small angular fragments of rocks and a little earth, and contained single eggs, which were quite fresh.
" When approached, the sittmg birds ejected an evil-smelUng reddLsh fluid, of semi-digested crustaceans, with great precision for a distance of six or eight feet. They did not, however, leave their nests, and were captured while sitting.
" They seemed of a sociable nature and nested together, but isolated nests were not uncommon. Both sexes were often found sittuig side by side, one on the nest and the mate close alongside, and cooing and clucking to each other.
" Eggs were taken also in January. On the 18th of this month a chick five days old was taken, and others were still m down on 5th February.
" The adult, before laymg its egg, sits close on the nest for about a month and then entirely disapjieared for some ten days, when it returned and laid its egg.
" The eggs, which are pure white, vary from oval to elongate ovate in form. The former measure 56-5 X 43 mm. ; and the latter 67-2 x 43-3 ; the average being 62-35 by 43-11. The length varies from 56-5 to 67-2, and the breadth from 46-5 to 40-5.
" The numerous nests fomid were placed either on ledges of cliffs, or, though these were few, in hoUows in the earth and among small stones on steep scree - slopes, and all were quite open. Whereas on Kerguelen they nest in burrows and grottoes. It is also thought to breed at South Georgia. About 20,000 birds of this species nest on Laurie Island. The chick in down, five days old, is slaty- grey above, and paler and sooty on the undersurface.
36 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
" A young bird has the head and body clad in down, with feathers developing on the wings and scapulars. The down on the uppersuiface is sooty, darker on the head and cheeks, and paler and greyish on the underparts. The wing-quiUs, the largest of which are two inches in length, are black, some of them with the inner webs white towards the base. The feathers of the scapulars are black and white. There are no signs of tail feathers. Wing eight inches.
" They leave the breeding place in April, and the first of the spring migrants returned on 1st October, and became plentiful by the 23rd."
Further notes were added by Clark (3) ; Lowe and Kinnear (7) do not admit a subspecies, and quote WUson's note : " I saw one dip entirely, with half -spread wings, to get a piece of garbage, and reappear with a splash like a Shearwater. To rise from the water it had to rim on the surface, four or five splashing steps.
PACHYPTILA VTTTATA KEYTELI (Mathews). Tristan Broad-billed Prion
(Nightbird).
This bird lays its eggs on the stones at the back of a dark cave on Inaccessible Island in September (lOth, 1917) (c/. Ibis, 1932, January, p. 165).
It is recorded for Gough Island (Clarke 1) with a wing of 220 mm. The lower plate of the mandible was pale blue and the remamder of the bill black ; tarsus and toes cobalt-blue, webs black. Wilkins (4) says it lays in September. He also dug them out of deep burrows on the hillside near the beach on Gough Island between 28th May and 1st Jime.
[Local name, " Nightbird." This species, once common, seems to have become scarce at Tristan. Mrs. Barrow writes, 17th September, 1908: "Mr. Keytel, my husband and Rapetto went by boat to'visit Freshwater Cave in search of Nightbirds. The cave Ls about 100 yards in length. At the far end is a pebbly beach where the birds were supposed to be. Between it and the mouth was water which had to be crossed. They saw about a dozen Nightbiids and got seven eggs." Mrs. Rogers also visited this cave in 1923, and writes : "There is a shingly beach, and a small dark cave at the end at one time the haunt of Night- birds, but they seem now to have completely deserted it. Indeed, these birds seem to be leaving Tristan now. They used to be easily caught by the curious expedient of lightmg fires in the caves, which attracted them down. Their eggs are very good eating. Near by is ' Guano ' or ' Dry ' Cave, also about 100 yards long and fairly lofty. The floor is of sand mixed with guano, and quite dry. But the buds have now deserted it also." However, they stLU breed m some numbers on both Inaccessible and Nightingale. One skin was received from Tristan in 1919, and two obtained at Inaccessible on the 26th April, 1923. I have only two eggs, white and smooth and rather oval in shape. One taken at Fresli- water Cave on the 10th Sejitember, 1917, measures 52-5 x 35, and the other at the same place on the 20th September, 1922, is 51-5 x 35.]
MACRONECTES GIGANTEUS (Gmel.). Giant Petrel.
This large dimorphic, ugly-billed Petrel, the Nelly of sailors, has a bad repu- tation, as it catches and swallows whole, the Prion, on the wing.
It is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 45, 1848 ; Godman, in his Monograph, pi. 76, 1909 ; and in my Birds of Austr. vol. ii, pi. 89, 1912.
If we consider giganteus to be the Staaten Land form, including the South
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 37
Orkneys, and breeding on Graham's Land ; and treat the Falkland Island form (solanderi) and the Kerguelen Island breeding bird (halli) as wandering in the off season up the we.stern coast of South America (forsteri), as sjnionynis, we must admit the Austro-New Zealand .subspecies alhus, with the Ross Sea bird (wilsoni) and the Australian form (dovei), as synonyms.
This makes the Tristan breeding bird also giganteiis, which seems wrong ; perhaps solanderi would be more correct.
This bird breeds on Gough Island (Clarke 1), where it lays its egg in the middle of September. It enters the Penguin rookeries and carries o£E the young ; and it pulls Petrels out of their holes. The egg is ovoid to elliptical, white, shell coarse and granulated and rough with no indication of gloss.
" Breeding season, South Georgia, November, December and January ; Falkland Islands, October and November ; Gough Island, September.
" Five thousand birds nest on Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands (Clarke 2). They nest in rookeries, and the nests consist of great piles of small angular stones and measiu-e two feet in diameter. The clutch is single, and the average (80 eggs) is 103-8 x 65-7. mm.
" The bird had to be f)ushed off the nest to get the egg. They showed no fight, and usually sat down a yard away. They did not shoot oil from their nostrils, but vomited the contents of their stomachs, not as defence, but to lighten them- selves before taking to the wing."
A photo appears of nest, egg and adult on pi. xi.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) devote twelve pages to this bird, of which four and a half are measurements of tarsus and the length and depth of the bills. In all about a hundred birds are measured. They admit no subspecies, although two are indicated. They prove that the white phase starts life in white down and the dark phase in dark down. That is, age had nothing to do with colour ; this I have always thought to be the case. Young Diomedia exulans can always be distinguished from Macronectes by the fact that exulans at aU ages has the under- wing white, with a black tip and edging, whereas all dark phases of Macronectes have the under wing dark. Otherwise both are very dark on the ixpperparts and show no white.
[It is stated in Sclater, Syst. Av. Aethiop. i, p. 15, 1924, that it breeds at Tristan. Alexander, in Birds of the Ocean, 1828, repeats this. However, no skins, or eggs, have been sent me by the jjcople as yet, nor has it been mentioned in any of their letters, and it seems strange that, if these large, conspicuous birds breed at all commonly at the islands, no one seems to know it.
It breeds commonly at Gough Island, some 250 miles away. Two eggs of the M . g. solanderi, which is said to be the subspecies occurring m these seas, from the Falkland Islands measure 102-3 x 63 and 101 >; 65-2, and are very white and rough in texture ; while two eggs of the typical race from South Georgia are 106 x 65 and 100 x 66.
The nest is just a hollow on the ground.]
PELECANOroES URINATRIX DACUNHAE Nicoll. Tristan Diving Petrel
(Flying Penguin).
This form breeds on Tristan ; the Austro-New Zealand bird is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 60, 1844 ; Godman figured a form in his Monograph, pi. S6,
38 NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
1910, and the Kerguelen bird exsul, \)\. 87 ; and I figured the Chatham Island subspecies, vol. ii, pi. 94, 1912. There are about half a dozen forms.
It is recorded from Gough Island (Clarke 1). It breeds on Nightingale Island in November ; the clutch is single, white, dull with no gloss, and oval in shape. 36-5 X 30 mm. ; 38 x 29. The egg is placed at the end of a burrow.
[Local name, " Flying Penguin." This Diving Petrel is pecuhar to the Tristan group, and was first recognized by Nicoll on the 17th January, 1906, off Tristan, who remarks : " a new species, half a mile from the shore they were on all sides." However, since that date very little seems to have been recorded about this bird, and neither Mrs. Barrow nor Mrs. Rogers mention it in their books. No skins have been foimd in any of the collections received, nor have any of the natives mentioned it in their lists or notes of species found in the islands.
Among the last eggs given me by the Rev. H. M. Rogers is one supposed to be that of this little Petrel. It is white, rather stained, and roundish in shape, and measures 38 x 29. It was taken from a small bvu-row hned with feathers, etc., at Inaccessible on the 14th November, 1924.
In January 1930 Colonel R. Sparrow, who had obtained some eggs from Tristan (mostly broken), most generously gave me an egg of this bird taken by R. Glass at Nightingale in 1929. Unfortunately his data is very vague. All he says is, " No. 5 The Flying Penguin, one of the most important birds which lay on Nightingale Island, which I went especially across with my boat for to collect Seabirds' shells." This egg measures 36-5 x 30, and is much like the other but rather rounder and more stained.]
DIOMEDEA EXULANS EXULANS L. Wandering Albatross (Gony).
This bird formerly bred on Tristan da Cunha, now only on Inaccessible Island in this group. Gould figured it in vol. vii, pi. 38, 1844 ; and Godman, pi. 89, 1910 ; and I figured the Austro-New Zealand form in vol. ii, 95, 1912.
It also breeds on Gough Island (Clarke 1) in December (end) and January. The young stay on the island till they are ten months old before they go to sea. Numbers are killed by the Nellies and Skuas, only about 5 per cent, reach maturity.
Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a text figure showing a scarlet mark on the head behind the eyes, like a red collar. They give the plumage changes from nestling, through four changes, to adult, and consider chionoptera to be the Kerguelen Island subspecies.
[Local name, "Gony." Mrs. Barrow writes, 9th February, 1907: " Yesterday the men went out in a boat to shoot Albatrosses, and got seven. Once they nested on the island, but now nests are not to be found nearer than Inaccessible Island." Mrs. Rogers also remarks in 1923 : " Albatrosses have entirely left the island."
Four skins were received in 1919 from John Glass and Tom Rogers, but an egg they also sent, with others, never arrived !
However, the Rev. H. M. Rogers sent me a single egg taken on Inaccessible Island on the 1st November, 1924. with the remarks : " Nest cone-shaped, and over a foot high, among grass. Only a few breed here now." This egg, con- siderably stained and seemingly unmarked, measures 134 x 76 mm. How it
NOVITATISS ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 39
arrived here unbroken is a marvel, as it was half out of the box when I received it from the postman ! !]
THALASSARCHE MELANOPHRIS MELANOPHRIS (Tcmm.). Black-browed
Mollyniawk.
ThLs bird is found off South Africa and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; breeding at the Falkland and Kerguelen Islands. It includes belcheri from Kerguelen and richmondi from the west of South America as synonyms, and is replaced by impavida from the Australian waters.
It is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 43, 1844 ; and Godman, pi. 97, 1910 ; and I figured the Australian form in vol. ii, pi. 96, 1912.
This bird was not found on Gough Island (Clarke 1), but was collected on Tristan. Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a coloured figure of the head, and say that this bird settles on the water when things are thrown overboard, and then from that position dives completely under after them if necessary. It dives into and under water with three-quarters expanded wings, coming up with the wmgs still half open. After examining and measuring a long series, they admit two sub- sjiecies as above. It appears not to breed on Tristan.
[This species does not seem to have been recorded by any writer from the Tristan group, nor is it recognized by the inhabitants. But there is a single skin in the collection sent me by John Glass and Tom Rogers in 1919 which seems to be the first obtained there. However, the Quest Expedition state that it was seen at Gough Island, and also at the Tristan group in May 1922. So that it is not unlikely that it breeds unobserved on one of the islands.
Eggs of the typical form from the Falkland Islands, where it breeds plenti- fully, are rather narrow as a rule, the spots and blotches being more liver-coloured than red. Eight eggs average 105 x 66 mm.
It is interesting to note that the eggs of these three species can be separated in a series with fair certainty. Those of T. chlororhynchiis being the smallest, while P. f. fusca eggs are much wider, and those of T. melanophris average con- siderably longer.]
THALASSARCHE CHLORORHYNCHUS CHLORORHYNCHUS (C!m.). YeUow-
nosed MoUymawk (Mollyhawk).
From the Cape all over the Southern Ocean, this bird is seen at some season of the year. It breeds on the Tristan Group, probably Nightingale Island, where it was found resting (Wilkins 4) on the grass in an open glade near the summit of that island. It was quite tame and allowed itself to be caught. • It is figured by Gould in vol. vii, pi. 42, 1844 ; by Godman, pi. 102, 1910 ; and by myself in vol. ii., pi. 98, 1912. The form carteri was also figured by Godman, pi. 102a, and myself, pi. 99. Lowe and Kinnear (7) consider that there are only two forms of this bird, and put eximiiis from Gough Island, and carteri, an acci- dental visitor to west coast of Australia, as synonyms. The Australian sub- species they call bassi, and give the reason for their decision.
Australia. — Adult: head, entire neck and underparts pure white ; mantle greyish brown ; ocular streak and loral smudge famt. When freshly moulted a slight tinge of bluish grey suffuses the sides of the head, nape and hind neck.
Tristan da Cunha. — Top of head white ; sides of face, nape and hind neck
40 NOVITATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932.
very distinctly washed with grey ; chin, throat and iinderparts white ; mantle greyish brown ; ocular streak and loral smudge of a darker and more decided tone.
Moseley, writing of this MoUyma\^■k (chlororhynchus) from Nightingale Island, says that it is about the size of a goose, the bill is black with a yellow streak on the top and with a bright yellow edge to the gape, which extends right back under the ej^e. Carmichael says that when irritated the feathers of its cheeks are separated, so as to display a beautiful stripe of naked orange skin, rumiing from the corners of the mouth towards the back of the head, which is a continuation of the gape.
It seems strange that well over a century has passed and stUl we have no drawing showing this yellow line.
" The birds make a cjdindrical nest of tufts of grass, claj' and sedge, which stand up from the groimd. The nest is neat and round. There is a shallow con- cavity on the top for the bird to sit in, and the edge overhangs somewhat, the old bird imdermining it during incubation by pecking away the turf of which it is made. The nest is fourteen inches in diameter and ten niches high. The bird lays a single egg, elongate, with one end larger than the other, as are all albatross eggs.
" The egg is held m a sort of pouch, whilst the bird is incubating. Thus the bird has to be driven right off the nest before it will drop the egg out of its pouch.
" The birds, when approached, sit quietly on their nest or stand by them and never attempt to fly ; indeed, they seem, when thus bent on nesting, to have almost forgotten the use of their wings.
" When bullied with a stick or handled on the nests, the birds snap their bills rapidly together with a defiant air, but they may be pushed or poked oS with great ease. Usually a pair is to be seen at each nest, and then by standing near a short time one may see a curious courtship gomg on.
" The male stretches his neck out, erects his wings and feathers a bit, and utters a series of high-iiitched, rapidly repeated somids, not milike a shrill laugh ; as he does this he puts his head close up against that of the female.
" Then the female stretches her neck straight up and, tm-ning up her beak, utters a similar sound, and rubs biUs with the male again. The same manoeuvre is constantly repeated.
" Sometimes they nest right in the middle of a penguin road, or they take up their abode in separate pairs anywhere in the rookery, or under the trees where there are no pengums, which latter situation they seem to prefer."
[Local names, "'Mollyhawk" or "Mollymawk." This appears to be the common Albatross in the group, and occurs in large numbers on all three islands ; and although Mrs. Rogers states that the flesh is very strong and mipleasant, many are eaten by the people. They are hunted from January to March, and in 1923, whUe 2,139 were taken in January, no less than 4,800 were killed in March. The Rev. H. M. Rogers tried to keep statistics of the various birds' eggs taken for food, etc., diu^ing his stay.
They come to nest in August, lay during October, and leave again in April. The eggs are also used in large numbers for food, and on the 7th October, 1906, Mrs. Barrow writes : " Mollyhawk eggs are just in, and nearly every man has been out on the mountain after eggs. John Glass got 162. The men say that this bird never lays more than one egg each season. In time I fear that these beautiful birds will be driven from the island."
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 41
On the 6th February, 1 !)07, she also says : "While sitting on the cliffs at Sandy Point, a pair perched within a few feet of us. They are exceedingly handsome birds, for the most part white, their bUls black, with a bright yellow stripe down the middle. They have the most graceful movements, and this pair bowed, and clicked their bills together, and made love to each other in the most charming way. They cannot rise off flat ground unless there is wind, only from a hiU or cliff edge. On the 5th January near the ponds among bushes and fern," she con- tinues, " we came across a good many MoUyhawks sitting on their nests, which they seem to frequent after the young ones have flown. We also saw 1 or 2 of the young, which are covered with a fluffy blue down. While on the 24th of April, also near the ponds, we saw many young ones, sitting near their nests, and looking white in the undergrowth." There are several large breeding colonies on Tristan, the nests being cones of peat, etc., placed among the bushes and fern, specially near the ponds and above the base.
The single egg is more or less dusted and freckled, or ringed with reddish spots at one end. Twenty eggs average 96-5 x 62-5.
They also breed at Inaccessible. While at Nightingale Island the Rev. H. M. Rogers wrote, on the 31st January, 1924; '" The Mollymawks thrive here, both in the tussac and in the open valleys, as well as on the cliffs. I saw one rookery in a beautiful but swampy valley, containing over 500 of these handsome birds, right in the middle of the Island."
Three skins have been sent me from Tristan.]
[THALASSARCHE CHRYSOSTOMA Forster. Grey-headed MoUymawk.
The eggs of this bird were found on South Georgia (Wilkins 4) for the first time. Not recorded from the Tristan Group.
Young. — Just hatched. Light grey down, slightly darker on the wings, becoming darker with age. Bill dark horn-colour ; iris light brown ; feet light grey.
Nest. — Cone-shaped, twelve to fourteen inches high ; about a foot wide at the top and about twenty inches at the bottom, with moss and earth, Uned with gra.ss.
The nests are used each year for breeding purposes. The young birds have to be pushed off, in order that the parents may lay a new season's egg.
Egg. — Clutch one, dull white ; average measmements 101 X 74 mm.
Breeding Season. — December and January, South Georgia. Young hatched on January 1st.]
Although this form does not occur on the Tristan Group, it is included for comparison.
PHOEBETRIA FUSCA FUSCA (Hils.). Sooty Albatross (Pe-o).
This species and the former {chlororhynchus) were described as nesting on Tristan as far back as 1818. The bird is figured by Gould, vol. vii, pi. 44, 1848 ; Godman, pi. 103, 1910 ; and I figured it in my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, pi. 41, 1928.
It is reported as breeding on Gough Islaild (Clarke 1), bill " dark, \\ith a yellow stripe on each side." It is common, ^ut does not breed in rookeries ; it places its nests separately on cliffs or projecting rocks, where it is most difficult
42 NoviTATES Z001.0GKAE XXXVIII. 1932.
to get at them. The bird commence.s to lay by the middle of September, and while sitting keeps up a continual cry similar to that of a young goat. This is the only Sooty Albatross seen at Tristan (WUkins 4), although a watch was speci- ally kept for palpebrata. Lowe and Kinnear (7) give a coloured figure of the head of ■palpebrata. In the A.O.U. Check List, 1931, p. 366, auduboni is con- sidered a South Pacific Ocean bird, and therefore becomes a synonym of P. palpebrata huttoni.
[Local name, " Pe-o " or " Pe-ho." Common on Tristan, though not nearly so numerous as T. chlororhynchus. It comes in to nest in August and leaves again in April. This species, which is well known to the natives, is described as a " brown bird with yellow on the bill."
I received two TrLstan skins in 1819.
They breed on the island during October in some numbers, but not in large colonies in the grass and fern Uke the " MoUyhawk," the cone-shaped nest being usually placed in dangerous situations on the edge of cliffs on the coast or inside the crater on the mountain.
Curiously enough, I have no records from either Inaccessible or Nightingale, though they probably occur there too.
Eggs vary in shape and size, some being almost unmarked, while others are spotted, ringed or speckled with reddish.
Eight eggs average 100 x 67.]
ATLANTISIA ROGERSI Lowe. Tristan RaU (Island Cock).
We owe the discovery of this bird to the Rev. H. M. C. Rogers, acting Resident- Chaplain on Tristan da Cunha, who forwarded two skins to the British Museum in 1923. Later he forwarded the body of a bird in spirits.
Dr. P. R. Lowe described it as a new genus and species, and later {Ibis, 1928) gave an exhaustive monograjjh, with a coloured figure. He says that it is the smallest flightless bird known to exist, or to have existed. It is said to live in burrow, under the talus slopes on Inaccessible Island, and to be a fast runner.
In the Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, vol. xlviii, p. 121, July 10th, 1928, Lord RothschUd described the eggs.
Clutch three (?) ; greyish milk-white tinged with buff; dotted all over sparingly with rather small chocolate -rufous spots and underlying ones of lavender-mauve ; all markings are considerably more concentrated round the apex. The measurements are 35 x 25 mm.
The eggs are typical Rail's eggs and very large for the size of thabird, and almost indistinguishable from some varieties of the eggs of Crex crex.
Breeding season, October and November.
Mrs. Rogers (12) says that it can run with great speed, shelters in the tussocks and Uves in a burrow.
ThLs bird occurs only on Inaccessible Island, where Mr. Philip Lindsay discovered the nest in 1927 and 1928.
[Local name, " Island Cock."
On the 2nd February, 1923, the Rev. Rogers visited Inaccessible with three boats' crews and succeeded in obtaining two specimens, now in the British Museum. He described this Rail a^s unable to fly, but runs with great speed, and shelters in the tussac. It lives in a burrow, and feeds on insects and worms.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAJE XXXVIII. 1932. 43
Tom Rogers sent me a single skin, now in the Royal Scottish Museum, labelled "'Island Cock,' Inaccessible Island, 5th May, 1923. They are the hardest little birds to catch."]
PORPHYRIORNIS NESIOTIS NESIOTIS (8cl.). Tristan Coot.
This bird is figured at the original description ; and notes on the Gough Island subspecies are quoted in the Ibis (Clarke 1) under the name P. comeri Allen. The two forms are very smiilar.
LARUS DOMINICANUS DOMINICANUS Licht. Southern Black-backed Gull.
Tills bird ranges from >South Africa to Kerguelen ; South America and the Southern Ocean ; Tristan, Crough Island, etc., and is represented in New Zealand by a subspecies antipodus, which is figured by Buller in his first edition, pi. 20. The typical form is figured in Gray and Mitchell's Genera of Birds, vol. iii, pi. 180, 1845.
It is not recorded from Gough Island (Clarke 1), but breeds on Laurie Island, South Orkney Island (Clarke 2), where some remam all the year round, the return of the spring immigrants commencing in mid-October. The birds were paired on 3rd November and the first eggs laid on the 15th. The first young mentioned, 19th December. Fresh eggs marked on 3rd December were found chipped on the 28th, an incubation period of about twenty-five days. Young in down as late as 30th January.
" The nests were placed on raised beaches, small screes and rocks within a few yards of the shore. The nest was a well-bmlt structure of seaweeds, mosses, lichens and feathers, and was usually surrounded by great quantities of limpet- shells, this moUusk being evidently a favoiu-ite food of the bird. The eggs were usually two in number, but sometimes three and occasionally only one. Wilkins (4) did not consider that they nested on Nightingale Island, although he pro- cured an immature male there on 21st May, 1922."
The New Zealand eggs (clutch two or three) vary from green to stone and dark stone, with large dark and pale-brown blotches, chiefly at the larger end, and measure 69-72 x 47-50 mm. It breeds in scattered colonies on shingly river beds and coastal rocks and beaches. The nest is sometimes a mere hollow in the sand, with a few pieces of grass or sedge as lining ; at others they are large and made entirely of leaves. The upper portion of the nest is composed of dry leaves ; the base consists of more or less decomposed leaves and earth — apparently the birds forming a new nest on the old one of the year before. November is the usual laying month and three the most common number of eggs (Oliver 9).
[Surprisingly little seems to be known in Tristan regarding the status of this species, and I have only received a single immature skin in the collections sent.
However, the Quest Expedition, on the 21st May, 1922, saw many immature birds at Nightingale Island, and obtained one, a juvenile male of the year, which they thought must have been bred on the island, as it seemed much too young to have travelled any great distance. But no adults were seen, and the natives, when questioned, did not think that any bred in the group, although adidts were sometimes observed. This species is very destructive to eggs and yomig of other birds, and wiU also attack a weakly lamb. I have no Tristan eggs, but in Appendix II in Mrs. Rogers' book, in the list of Natural History specimens
44 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
collected by them at TrLstan, and now in the British Mu.seum, appears No. 6 egg of the Southern Black-backed Gull {Larit^s dominicanus), but I fear some mistake. The nest is placed on a rock, or near the shore, and Ls composed of dry grass, or seaweed. Two or three eggs are laid, generally stone-colour sjiotted with brown and black. This species has a very wide breeding range. C/2 from Cape Colony measure 75 x 48 and 72 x 49. A c/3 from Buenos Aires are 74-5 X SO, 70 X 49-5, 60 X 52. C/2 from Megellanes measure 70-5 x 52 and 69-5 x 50. A c/3 Falkland Isles are 73 X 51-5,73 x 52,74 x 51. But a, cl2Lariisd.antipodus from New Zealand are very dark narrow eggs and measure 72 x 47 and 70 X 47.
CATHARACTA ANTARCTICA ANTARCTICA (Less. ). Antarctic Skua (Sea-hen).
This hawk amongst gulls frequents the southern area, breeding on the Falkland Islands ; it occurs at Gough Island and Tristan, and has wandered to AustraUa. The Indian Ocean form, intercedens, breeds in Kerguelen ; clarkei occurs in the South Orkneys, South Shetlands and South Georgia ; lonnbergi is the Austro-New Zealand bird ; and tnaccormicki is from Antarctica, breeding at Victoria Land.
I have figured the Austro-New Zealand form in my Birds of Australia, vol. ii, p. 122, 1913, and maccormichi in my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, pi. 42, 1928, and the Australian example of the typical bird in the Supplement not yet published. On Gough Island they commence to lay in the middle of September (Clarke 1) : when the Penguins lay, the Sea-hens come ashore in large numbers and get their living by robbing the nests and catchmg the young. They also kUl the young albatrosses. They nest on Laurie Island, South Orkney Islands (Clarke 2). They leave durmg the whiter months after 28th April and return on 16th October. The first eggs were laid on 2nd December and young were out by 22nd January. By 11th February dark feathers were appearing on the wings and sides of the breast of those youngsters. Incubation period about six weeks ; next year, 1904, they returned on 21st October, and the first eggs were found on 27th November.
" The nests were usually placed on the tops of mossy rocks, or on plateaux from 100 to 400 feet above the sea, and consisted of well-made hollows in the moss, while teased-out fragments of moss formed the Unmg. Occasionally nests were found on the tops of moraines and were then hoUows in the earth lined with lichens.
" The eggs were two m number, on which the bird sat very close, her mate usually remaining near at hand. When approached, the owners screamed defiance and the sitting bird had to be forcibly ejected from the nest. The nests were surrounded by many shells of eggs and remains of young penguins. The young soon wandered from the nest and were most difficult to detect among the moss. Wilkins (4) said that they were seen in great numbers about each island of the Tristan group."
Lowe and Kinnear (7) have published eleven pages on this bird, five of which deal with measurements ; they make all forms subspecies of Caiharacta skua and admit seven forms. They go carefully into the plumages, from the cinnamon- red to the straw or lighter-coloured feathers.
[Local name, " Sea hen." This well-known species is resident and plentiful on all three islands. They are great robbers and devour the eggs and young of
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 45
other species, and Mrs. Barrow has seen them attack and kill a weakly lamb more than once.
I have received four or five skins, one of which is dated 17th April, 1923. Antarctic Skuas breed during August and Sejatember, singly as a rule, and the nests are just scrapes lined with a little grass or weed, and placed near the shore. Two eggs are laid, showing considerable variation, even in a clutch, being pale olive, greenish, or dark brownish, more or less sjjotted with dark brown at the larger end, and rather dumpy in shape. Ten eggs are very uniform in size and average 70 x 51, whUe four eggs from the Falkland Islands average 69'5 x 49, being slightly shorter and distinctly narrower. For comparison, 100 eggs of the British bird average 70-59 X 49-37.]
STERNA VITTATA VITTATA Gmel. Sub-Antarctic Tern (Kingbird).
This bird occurs m the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean and off South Africa ; it breeds on St. Paul's Island and Tristan da Cunha, and is represented in New Zealand by the subspecies bethunei. The typical form is from Christmas Harbour, Kerguelen. I have figured it in the Supplement to my Birds of Norfolk and Lord Hoive Islands. It occurs in Gough Island (Clarke 1 and Wilkins 4).
[Local name, " Kingbird." Of this species Nicol writes, 17th January, 1906, " Very like our common Tern, and judging from the numbers of young just able to fly, there must be a considerable nestmg colony." While all that Mrs. Barrow says about them is : " Comes in September, and lays m November." I have received several skins, two of which, one adult and the other immature, were shot at Tristan on the 15th February, 1923. All my eggs come from Sandy Point, on the east side of the island, but they may breed elsewhere. One or two eggs are laid on the bare sandy ground, with a few straws at times for Uning. Six eggs taken on the 14th November, 1923, and 16th November, 1924, average 46 X 32 mm., the largest bemg 47-5 x 33. Four are stone colour with small grey, brown and blackish sjjots, mostly at the larger end, while two are much darker and more heavily spotted.]
ANGUS STOLIDUS STOLIDUS (L.). Noddy (Wood Pigeon).
This Tern is distributed throughout the tropical seas, in the Atlantic Ocean breeding at St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan ; off Africa from the Gold Coast to the Congo. The Indian Ocean has the subspecies, rousseaui, from Madagascar ; plunibeigularis occurs m the Red Sea ; pileatus is from the Philippines, Liu Kiu Islands and China ; unicolor from the South Pacific ; galajMgensis from the Galapagos Islands ; ridgwayi from the west coast of Mexico ; and the Australian bird is gilberti, of which antelius is a synonym. Gould figured it m vol. vii, pi. 34, 1846, and I in vol. ii, pi. 115, 1912. It occurs on Gough Island (Clarke 1) and nests at Tristan.
[Local name, " Wood Pigeon." Comes in September, lays in November, but goes away for the winter. ThLs species seems rather scarce at Tristan, although I have received one or two skins. On the 14th November, 1907 Mrs. Barrow writes: " My husband and Rapetto went off to the ' Hardies,' some rocks, in the sea, beyond 'Hottentot Pomt,' in search of 'Wood Pigeons,' eggs. This is a seabird, in spite of its land-sounding name. They had to swim to a high rock a short distance from the shore, and then cUmb to the top of it. It was
46 NOVHTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
rather too early for eggs, and they only found one, but satisfied themselves of its identity. These rocks, the ' Hardies,' are the only actual nesting-places that I know of, though there are probably others, and only a few breed there." These eggs, taken on the 24th November, 1023, and 20th November, 1924, at these rocks measure 51 x 35, 49 x 36 and 48 X 34 ; two are slightly spotted with grey and reddish brown, while the middle one is almost unmarked.
The Rev. H. M. Rogers reported large numbers on Nightingale Island on the 31st January, 1 924, and remarks : The ' Wood Pigeon ' is a big bird, black and grey, with a long beak, and utters a rather cawing note.']
MEGALOPTERUS MINUTUS ATLANTICUS Mathews. White-capped Noddy.
This form occurs in the Atlantic, breeding on Ascension Island, St. Helena and Inaccessible Island. The Australian form is minutus and the Philippme one is worcesteri ; Marcus Island has marcusi ; while from Cocus to Clippeaton diamesus occurs ; and americanus is from the Caribbean Sea.
Gould figured it in vol. vii, pi. 36, 1846, and I m vol. ii, p. 117, 1912.
[It is stated in the Syst. Av. Aethiop. i, p. 155, 1924, that it occurs on In- accessible Island of the Tristan group.
No skins have been sent me, nor have I any record of it, but I do not think that the Islanders can distinguish between these two rather similar Noddies, even though their nests are so unlike. Mr. Rogers does not mention any Noddy at Inaccessible, though on the 31st January, 1924, here marks on the large numbers seen at Nightingale Island.
The nest is composed of fresh seaweed sUghtly hollowed and firmly cemented to the branch of a tree or side of a rock.
The egg is whitish stone with a few grey dots, the larger end being spotted with reddish brown. It measures 45-47 x 31'5-33.
I have one very small Noddy egg, only 47-9 x 34, with a few grey and brownish dots at the top, taken 18th November, 1917, in the group.]
NESOCICHLA EREMITA EREMTTA Gould. Tristan Thrush (Starchy). NESOCICHLA EREMITA GORDONI Stenh. Inaccessible Island Thrush.
The tyjjical form is confined to Tristan and is said to be extinct ; a subspecies occurs on Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands. In the Challenger Report, p. iii, we are told that seven skins were collected on Tristan, and the coloured tigiu'e on pi. xxiii was made for the first time. A cut of the leg, wing and bill from the above is also given. The subspecies gordoni was collected on Inaccessible as told by Stenhouse. The sexes are alike. They are found in all jDarts of each island (WUkins 4). They seemed to prefer the more open glades, where the tussock grass grows rankly. More often than not they perched on the branches of trees when disturbed in feeding on the flies and insects found by the edge of streams and near the beach. They were not seen on Gough Island.
In Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. vi, p. 332, 1881, Sharpe considered this a true Thrush, which Seebohm had not admitted in vol. v., p. 404, 1881. In Ibis for 1923, pp. 523-9, Dr. P. R. Lowe has given us a detailed account of the structure, and gives a text-figure of the peculiar tongue, the sternum and a front and back
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 47
view of the pterylosis. And on pp. 528-9 gives measurements of the wing, bill and tarsus of examples from the three islands in the group. The Tristan bird is smaller in the wing, and is paler and more fulvous than those from the other two islands, which are similar to each other (gordoni).
[Local name, "Starchy." On the 10th August, 1907, Mrs. Barrow writes: '' William to-day brought in a bird which he calls a ' Starchy,' but which is just like our old friend the garden thrush. He says that there are lots on the hill. They have no song." In Mrs. Rogers' book there is no mention of it at Tristan. When the QueM called there in May 1922, it was reported to be extinct. So that the two Tristan specimens I received in 1919, and now in the Royal Scottish Museum, are probably among the last of their race. No eggs seem to be known from Tristan.
In 1924 the late Surg. -Admiral J. H. Stenhouse separated this race from the Tristan form on the strength of larger size, darker plumage, and especially the larger, deeper bill. The three skms sent were collected at Inaccessible on the 26th April, 1923, where the bu-d is stiU plentiful ; it also occurs at Nightingale. Eggs, though described to the Challejiger Expedition m 1 873 by the Stoltenhoff brothers, were unknown until 1923, when the Rev. H. M. Rogers discovered two nests on the 3rd February at Inaccessible. The nests were cup-shaped, of various dry grasses, etc., one in tussac and the other in an " island tree." The eggs are blue with rusty spots and freckles. Both nests contained two eggs. No. 1 measuring 29 X 23 and 29 x 22, whUe No. 2 is 31 x 21 and 29 x 22, one egg being rather elongated.]
NESOSPIZA ACUNHAE ACUNHAE Cab. Tristan Bunting (Canary). NESOSPIZA ACUNHAE QUESTI Lowe. Nightingale Island Bunting.
The first occurred only on Tristan, where it is believed to be extmct and the latter stLU lives on Nightingale Island.
The typical form is figured in the Challenger Report, p]. xxiv, from Inacces- sible, and on p. 112 a cut of the foot, wing and side view of the head is given.
This bird was described in 1 873 by Cabanis from an old skin acquired by the BerUn Museum, from the sale of the Bullock collection.
This bird " builds in the bushes, and lays four or five eggs very like those of the Common Canary." WiUdns (4) says that the birds are very tame and are found in considerable numbers in all parts of the two islands. Nightingale and Inaccessible. On the beaches and the uplands they were feeding on the flies and insects found in damp places ; also on the seeds of tussocks gras.s. Lowe (5), workmg up this material, p. 519, gives an account of the bird, and on p. 520 described a new subspecies from Nightingale, and on p. 521 gives measurements of the Inaccessible and Nightingale Island birds, showmg the smaller size of the latter ; on p. 522 is a text-figure of the head and wing of this and imlkinsi.
The bird described by Cabanis at the same time as the above, that is C'rithagra insularis, in the Journ.J. Ornith. 1873, p. 153, as supjiosed also to be from Tristan, has been a stumblmg-block to many. However, Dr. E. Stresemann, who has examined the type, tells me that it is a synonym of Serinu-s Jiaviventris (Swainson 1 828) from South Africa, and the locaUty guessed (cf . Ornith. Monatsber. 1923, p. 142). Crithagra of Swainson, in Cat. Birds Brit. Mas. xu, p. 348, 1888, is placed as a synonym of Serinus, but it may be a good genus.
48 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
NESOSPIZA WILKINSI Lowe. Nightingale Island Large Bunting. This new species from Nightingale Island is a giant of the former bird. It has the same colourmg a.s tlie others (questi), but is a much bigger and heavier bird in every way (Wilkins 4). Lowe, in the Ibis for 1923, p. 521, described it as a new species ; the drawing of the head and wmg on p. 522 will show that it differs from Nesospiza m the formation of the bUl.
lONORNIS MARTINICA (L.). American Purple Gallinule.
In Bull. B.O.C. xhv, p. 72, 1924, Dr. Percy R. Lowe records that he had received at the British Museum, from the Rev. H. M. C. Rogers, an immature example of this bird, which had been taken on the island of Tristan da Cimha. This is the first record for the island. A second example is recorded by Stenhouse in the Scottish Naturalist for 1924, p. 96.
In the Birds of Massachusetts, vol. i, November 1925, p. 364, Forbush has given a good description, and on pi. 24 a coloined figure of the adult in breeding plumage. He says that it breeds in swamps and marshes, and the nest is a platform of rushes, etc., like a shallow basket suspended among, and woven into, marsh vegetation.
Eggs. — Clutch 6 to 10, soiled white, creamy or pale buff, sparsely spotted, chiefly about the larger end with brown, umber and neutral tints. They measiu'e 1-63-1-54 X 1-16-1-13 inches.
Breeding season, April to June (October).
Incubation period, 23 to 25 days.
In the " Life Histories of North American Marsh Birds," Bulletin 135, p. 339, 1926, A. C. Bent gives a dehghtful account of this bird. He says that the clutch is 6 to 8, usually ovate in shape, and the shell is smooth with little or no gloss. Pale cinnamon-pink or pale pinkish buff to cartridge-buff. They are lightly and mievenly marked, with very small spots and fijie dots of bright browns and pale drabs. Average measiu-ements of 56 eggs, 39-2 x 28-8. Extremes, 42-7 X 30-2, 39 X 30-2 and 34-6 X 26-2.
Breeding months, April, May and June.
[Two have been obtained at Tristan, and seem to be the only specimens recorded from the Aethiopian Region.
An immature specimen of this species was included among the skins sent me in 1919. It was obtained (date not recorded) by Tom Rogers, who wrote: " It is the only one we ever saw on the island, and I only got it by chance when gomg to the other side of the island called the ' Rooky.' I did not have a gun, but knocked it down with a stone." A second specimen, also immature, was obtained by the Rev. H. M. Rogers at Tristan, and is now in the British Museum.
These birds must be " some travellers," when immature specimens can cross the 2,000 miles of ocean to Tristan.]
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 4&
THE LYMANTRIIDAE OF THE MALAY PENINSULA.
By C. L. COLLENETTE.
(Plates I and II.)
T HAVE been aware for some time past that the Malayan Lymantriidae had been much neglected, and in going through the material in the Britisli Museum, the majority of it collected by H. N. Ridley in Singapore, it further became evident that several species were misidentified and that in some cases (J (J of one species were associated with $? of another.
An analysis of localities given in the Indo-Australian section of Seitz showed Java to have been credited with 77 species, Borneo with 69 and the Malay Peninsula with only 39, while Van Eecke in his Heterocera van Sumatra (Zool. Med. Leiden, Deel xi, p. 78, 1928) reached a total for that island of 91 species.
The present paper, undertaken mainly to fiU the evident deficiency, gives a total for the Malay Peninsula (excluding Peninsular Siam) of 153 species, of which 49 are new.
This advance has been rendered possible by a generous response to my appeal for material, a large collection having been received from the F.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur, the great majority of the specimens obtained by the personal collecting of Mr. H. M. Pendlebury, who has worked " light " in a very thorough manner in a number of localities.
I have worked tlirough the British Museum collection and that of the Zoological Museum, Tring, and am grateful for the loan of insects from the Hope Department, Oxford University Museum ; the Zoological Museum, Berlin ; and the Imperial Institute of Entomology (Malayan Agric. Dept.).
Although I believe that the specimens examined are fairly representative for the neighbourhoods of Penang, Kuala Lumpur and Singapore, it Ls evident from the number of species represented by single specimens that many more forms remain to be discovered m the hills, both in the interior and near the coast. I have drawn attention in the text to a number of deficiencies, especially of cases in which one sex of a species is well known and the other sex undescribed.
By a careful examination of type specimens, of which I have seen nearly all, it has been possible to clear up a number of difficulties which have puzzled earlier workers who did not have access to the types.
A number of specimens in the collection, especially in the genus Leucoma, have been left unidentified, by reason of their poor condition. Without doubt new species are present among these, but I have refrained from making types out of rubbed and damaged material unless some easily recognized marking or characteristic existed to make the description intelligible.
Although Seitz's Orossschm. d. Erde has given us a foundation, much work still remains to be done on the generic classification of the Lymantriidae. In the present paper I have in some cases refrained from corrections which will eventually have to be made, because such corrections would involve many other species quite outside the scope of the paper. At the present time it is hardly possible to examine a Lymantriid and run it down to its genus. So many species
4
50 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
are out of place, so many genera badly defined and so many divergent opinion.? expressed as to the types of the genera, that I have sometimes hesitated from expressmg my own opinion for fear of adding to the confusion. It is plain that this work must eventually be attempted as a whole rather than genus by genus. Each genus and each species must be critically exammed, and I look forward to the time when I shall feel competent to attempt the revision.
In this paper the Comstock-Needham system has been employed for the wing-neuration, and Ridgway's Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, 1912, for descriptions of colour in new species.
I have to acknowledge my great mdebtedness to Mr. W. H. T. Tams for advice and assistance during the writing of the j)aper, and wish also to pay tribute to the reliable work of Mr. van Eecke in the above-mentioned Heterocera van Sumatra, which has considerably lightened my labours.
I. Leucoma singaporensis Strand.
Leucoma singaporensis Strand, in Seitz, Macrolep. oj the World, x, p. 310, pi. 39b (1914).
Type, o, Singapore, in coU. Seitz.
II cJcJj 2 ??, Singapore ; 1 $, Penang ; in British Museum. 2 ^J^J, Penang ; 1 (J, Padang Rengas ; 1 (J, Gunong Ijau ; in Tring Museum. 1 $, Perak ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. ^ SS> Singapore ; 1 (J, near Jitra, Kedah ; 1 (^, 3,500 ft., Lubok Tamang, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The origmal description of this species appeared in the English edition of Seitz, where it is dated 14.xii.l9I4. The corresponding page in the German edition was not published until 31 .iii. 1915.
The greenish hue m the veins of the forewing, noted by Strand as present in the ^J, is visible also in the $.
2. Leucoma discirufa Swinh.
Leucoma discirufa Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 384 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d, Erde, x, p. 309, pi. 39b (1915).
Type, (^, Pulau Laut, S.E. Borneo ; in British Museum.
1 cj, at Ught, 11 .iii. 1924, Kuala Lumpur (E. Seimund) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The single Malayan (^ is much worn and discoloured, but agrees well in structure with the type, and can be assigned to this species with some confidence. In the F.M.S. Museum is a further ^J of the species from Khao Luang, Peninsula Siam.
[Leucoma lactea Moore.]
Eedoa lactea Moore, Lep. Coll. Atk., p. 46 (1879).
Leucoma lactea Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 309, pi. 39a (1915).
Type, ?, Darjeeling, m BerUn Museum (see remarks in Seitz, I.e., p. 309). Paratype $, Darjeeling, in British Museum.
A single $, with the printed label " Singapore," is in the F.M.S. Museum, and appears exactly to match the paratjrpe § from Darjeeling. As L. lactea is large and conspicuous, and does not appear to have been recorded previously from Malaya or the East Indies, it seems best to regard this locality label with suspicion, and not to include the species in the Malayan list for the present.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 61
3. Leucoma ecnoinoda Swinh.
Leucoma ecnonwda Swinh., A.M.N.H. (7), xx, p. 77 (1907); id.. I.e. (8), xviii, p. 215 (1916) (?) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erie, x, p. 309 (1915).
Holotype (J, Java, in British Museum. Neallotype $, Sumatra, in British Museum.
2 (^cJ, 1 $, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 (^, Tengah Mts., Pahang ; in Tring Museum. 4 c?c?, Singapore ; 5 (^^, Pulau Pisang, Johore ; 4 (J (J, 2 ??, Kuala Lumpur ; 3 ^S, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 •?, 3,200 ft., Kedah Peak ; m F.M.S. Museum.
I have compared specimens from Java, Sumatra and Malaya, and can see no difference in facies or the cJ genitalia which would justify their separation.
Van Eecke, in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 141 (1928), has sunk L. ecnomoda to L. saturnioides Snell (1879), which latter species was described from a $ from Takalar, Celebes. In the British Museum are two Celebes ^J^J, one of them from Macassar close to Takalar, and evidently of this species. These two ^JcJ are larger (40-41 mm.) and paler than ^JcJ of L. ecnomoda, and in both fore- and hindwing the hyaline portion approaches nearer to the termen. Moreover, the genitalia of the Macassar specimen appear distinct from those of Javanese L. ecnomoda, with, among other distinctions, plainly marked serrations down the dorsal margin of the valve in the former, which are present only in a very dimin- ished form on a portion of the margin in L. ecnomoda. I have therefore treated L. ecnomoda Swinh. as a separate species from L. saturnioides SneU.
Van Eecke has also stated (Ent. Ber., vi, p. 176, 1923) that he considers L. fenestrata Hamps. (1893) and L. thyridophora Hamps. {Fauna of Br. India, i, p. 488, 1893) to be one and the same species. There is here an unfortunate similarity of name to L. thyridoptera Hamps. (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc, xx, p. 114, 1910), which has caused confusion. I have pubUshed my conclusion {A.M.N.H. (10), vii, p. 510, 1931) that L. thyridoptera Hamps. sinks to L. fenes- trata Hamps., as they are plainly the $ and (^ of the same Ceylon species. L. thyridophora Hamps., of which the type $, Sikkim, is in the Tring Museum, is a rare insect, of which I have seen no (J ^J; and it seems best to retain it as a separate species until specimens of this sex can be studied.
4. Leucoma perfecta Wlkr.
Redoa perfecta Wlkr., Journ. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 128 (1862). Leucoina perfecta Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 309 (1915).
Type, ^, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
3 (?(^, Penang ; 5 (^^, Singapore; in British Museum. 3 ^J^J, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ,^, Gunong Tahan ; 2 (J^J, Penang ; in Trmg Museum. 11 (^(J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 2,000-2,700 ft., Gunong Angsi, Negri SembOan ; 1 (J, Pulau Pisang ; 15 ^^, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ^, Gintang Sempak, Pahang ; 2 ^$, 4,000-4,200 ft., Eraser's Hill, Pahang ; 2 cJ^J, 4,800 ft., Cameron's Highlands, Pahang ; 1 <^, The Gap, Pahang ; 3 cJcJ, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; m F.M.S. Museum.
Although the ^J is evidently commonly taken throughout Malaya, the $ does not appear to be known. It must be a large and conspicuous insect.
In Seitz, x, p. 309, it is stated that Leucoma divisa WUtr., List Lep. Ins. B.M ., p. 836 (1855), occurs at Singapore and Penang. This is probably a misidentifica-
S2 NOVITATES ZOOLOC.ICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
tion of the present species. The type of divisa, a 5 from Nepaul, is a Euproctis with a dark abdomen and yellow anal tuft, resembling E. latijascia Wlkr. (1855).
5. Leucoma submarginata Wlkr.
Redoa suhmarginata Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 826 (1855). Leucoma suhmarginalti Wlkr. Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 310 (1915).
Type, (J, Silliet, in British Museum.
1 (J, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak ; m British Museum. 1 J, 2,000-3,000 ft., Gunong Ijau, Perak ; 1 ^, Ipoh ; in Tring Museum. 4 (JrJ, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 cj, Ulu Lengat, Selangor ; 3 cJcJ. 1 ?. 3,400-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 cJ, Kuala Teku, Pahang ; 1 (J, 4,800 ft., Cameron's Highlands, Pahang ; 1 (J, Lankawi Islands ; 1 $, near Jitra, Kedah ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The type of L. submarginata has unfortunately lost the abdomen, but the Malayan insect appears to match it exactly in facies.
L. submarginata bears considerable resemblance to Leucoma (Redoa) transiens Wlkr. (1862), but appears to be distinct. The type of L. transiens is said in the original description to come from Sarawak, and this statement has been copied by Walker himself (List Lej3. In.s. B.M . xxxii, p. 343), and also by Kirby and Swinhoe. The insect labelled as type in the British Museum Ls a ^J answering to the original description, and on the pin is the printed name cut from vol. xxxii, p. 343. It also bears a label in Wallace's handwriting " Aru," and a museum label with " Aru Isl." on one side and " 58.48 " on the other, which latter corre- sponds to Wallace's Aru Island donation in 1858. The Sarawak collection was donated in 1857. After a careful but unsuccessful search in the British Museum for another specimen with which this type might have been confused, I have come to the conclusion that an Aru specimen was mixed with the Sarawak collection which Walker was describing, and that the type of Redoa transiens Wlkr. comes from the Aru Islands and not Sarawak.
6. Leucoma hipparia Swinh.
Leucoma hipparia Swinh., A.M.N. U. (6), xii, p. 213 (1893); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 310 (1915).
Type, cJ, Singapore, in British Museum.
In the material before me there are a number of ,^<;J from Malaya which cannot definitely be separated from this species by any external character. I have examined the genitaha of some eight specimens, and not only is it impossible to match any with L. hipparia. but they show great divergence among themselves. I have come to the conclusion that in this case the genitalia cannot be relied upon for separating the species, and that bred series should be obtained before further forms are described.
7. Leucoma flavescens Moore.
Redoa flavescens Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lottd., p. 600 (1877).
Leucoma flavescens Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 311, pi. 39c (1915).
Type, cJ, S. Andamans, in British Museum.
7 cj(^, Kuala Lumpur ; 2 ^^, \ '^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 $, 4,900 ft., Cameron's Highlands, Pahang ; 1 <^, 1,800 ft., Batang Padang, Perak : in F.M.S. Museum.
I
NOVITATES ZoOLOr.ICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 53
The type of L. flavescerus is unique, and in rather poor condition. It appears to agree with the series from Malaya, but fvirther material may show subspecifio difference.
The $ exhibits the same pattern on the f orewing as the <J, but is less heavily scaled.
8. Leucoma riguata Snell.
Leucoma riguata Snell., Iris, viii, p. 138 (1895) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, p. 310 (1915).
T3T)e, cJ, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
1 c?> Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 ^J, 1 $, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 (JcJ, Singapore ; 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 (J, 3,400 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ?, Taiping, Perak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I have compared the two Malayan c^,^ with a Sumatran (J determined by Mr. van Eecke, and they appear to be conspecific.
9. Leucoma phrika sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 23).
cJ. Palpus slightly upturned, snuff-brown, mixed towards the base with white. Antennal .shaft white, mixed towards the tip with snuff-brown ; pectina- tions Sudan brown. Head bistre, the lower part of the frons whitish. Thorax and abdomen, above and beneath, white. Legs white ; a patch of bistre proximally on tibia and tarsus of foreleg and tarsus of middleleg ; distal segments of all tarsi pale orange-yellow. Forewing white, iridescent, with a " watered silk " effect over the whole wing ; a small fuscous spot on the discocellulars ; costa narrowly orange-buff ; fringe white, between veins R4 and C'u2 Saccardo's umber, this colour also invading the wing area as interneural termmal patches. Hindwing white ; fringe white at apex and anal angle, the remainder white mixed with Saccardo's umber. Underside of both wings white ; fringes as on upperside.
$. Resembles ^, but with the forewing less iridescent ; the orange-buff on the costa of forewing, and Saccardo's umber on termen and fringe of forewing and fringe of hindwing, almost absent.
Expanse : ^^ 26-29 mm., $? 32 mm.
1 J (holotype), Penang, 2,260ft., 27.iii.I898 (S. S. Flower) ; 1 ^ (paratype), Singapore, 6.ii.l908 (G. Meade Waldo); British Museum. 1 $ (allotype), Kedah Peak, 3,300 ft., 25.iii.1928; 1 ^ (paratype), Sungei Renglet, Pahang, 3,500 ft., 13.iii.l925; 1 (J (paratype), Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, 4,800 ft., 20. V. 1931 ; 5 c?c? (paratypes), Kuala Lumpur, February, April and October ; 4 <5'^ (paratypes), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,500 ft., March and April ; all taken at light by H. M. Pendlebury ; 3 J,^ (paratypes), Bukit Kutu, 3,400 ft., August 1915 ; 1 ^ (paratype), Ginting-Sempak Pass, Pahang, May 1927 (C. F. Constant) ; F.M.S. Museum. I ^ (paratype), Bukit Kutu, 3,450 ft., April 1915 ; Tring Museum. Allotype presented to British Museum.
This species is considerably smaller than L. riguata Snell (1895), and has the " watered silk " effect on the forewing considerably more marked. It is also quite distinct from L. flavescens Moore (1877), which has no discoceUular sjjot on the forewing.
54 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
lu. Leucoma poecilonipha sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 27).
(J. Palpus slightly upturned, orange-buff, at the base whitish. Antennal shaft white, pectinations pinkish buff. Head tawny, the lower part of the frons whitish. Thorax and abdomen white, the latter thinly scaled. Legs, pectus and venter whitish, a patch of bistre proxinially on tibia and tarsus of fore- and middJeleg, distal segments of aU tarsi orange-buff. Forewing white, covered with shinmg opalescent scales and in some lights showing a duU antemedial and postmedial fascia ; a conspicuous fuscous spot on the discocellulars ; distal half of costa orange-buff ; fringe white at apex and tornus, the remainder Saccardo's umber, this colour also invading the wing area as intemeural terminal patches. Hindwing white ; a limited number of shining opalescent scales towards the anal angle ; fringe white at apex and anal angle, the remamder Saccardo's umber. Underside of both wings dull white ; costa of forewing, and frmges of both wings, as on upperside.
$. Strongly resembles the (J.
Expanse : cJ(J 29-34 mm., ? 42 mm.
1 (^ (holotype), Taiping, Perak (E. Seimund) ; 1 c? (paratype), Kuala Lumpur, 28.x. 1921, and 1 ^ (paratype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,500 ft., le.iii. 1931, both at Ught (H. M. PencUebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. 1 $ (allotype), Ipoh, Perak (F. Hankin) ; Tring Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
This beautiful species is easily distinguished by the opalescent sheen, and may be placed near to L. phrika CoUnt.
11. Leucoma semihyalina Swinh.
Leucoma semihyalina Swinh., A.M.N. H. (7), xiv, p. 421 (1904) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 310, pi. 39c (1915).
Type, cJ, Sumatra, in British Museum.
1 c?, Kuala Ketil, Kedah ; in British Museum. 6 c?c?. * ??. Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, Kuala Tahan, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The $ closely follows the J in markings, and has an expanse of from 29 to 38 mm.
12. Leucoma camurisquama sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 22).
(J. Palpus porrect or slightly upturned. Mars yeUow. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations cinnamon-buff. Head whitish, vertex Sudan brown. Abdomen above and beneath, pectus, and legs whitish, fore- and middleleg with a Brussels-brown spot frontally at the proximal end of both tibia and tarsus. Forewing shining white ; a small fuscous spot on the centre of the discocellulars ; beyond the end of the cell, and beyond the origins of veins M2 to Cu2, a " dull " patch caused by the scales being directed towards the apex and costa instead of towards the termen, almost at right angles to the normal direction ; when the wing is turned in a different direction the patch becomes bright and the remainder of the wing dull ; distal half of costa narrowly Mars yellow ; fringe Sudan brown, at the point of the apex, and between vein Cu2 and the toi-nus, whitish. Hind- wing dull white ; fringe Sudan brown, from vein Ml to the apex and at the anal angle whitish. Underside of both wings dull white ; fringes as on upperside.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 55
$. Resembles the ^J, but with the forewing somewhat less shining.
Expanse : <^(^ 28-34 mm., $$ 36-41 mm.
1 (J (holotjqje), 1 $ (allotype), 3 ^^ and 1 $ (paratypes), Singapore (H. N. Ridley) ; 1 ^ (paratype), 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak (W. Doherty) ; British Museum. 1 cJ, Penang (Curtis), and 1 (^, Malay Peninsula (paratypes) ; Tring Museum. 1 J (paratype), 7.ii.l924, Kuala Lumpur (E. Seimund) ; 1 $ (paratype), 27.xii. 1922, Singapore (J. C. Moulton) ; 1 ? (paratype), at light, 4,200 ft., 2.vii.l931, Eraser's HiU, Pahang (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum.
1 have examined a number of Lymantriidae which show " watered silk " markings on the forewing, but in no case other than the present is this due to the scales being directed in a different direction from those on the remainder of the wing. These scales do not appear to differ from the others in shape or in the angle of attachment to the wing surface, and are present in both sexes. The species is somewhat similar in appearance to Leucoma submarginata Wlkr. (1855), with which it has hitherto been confounded.
13. Leucoma marginalis Wlkr.
Redoa marginalis Wlkr., Journ. Linn. Soc. Loni. (Zool.), vi, p. 128 (1862). Leucoma marginaUs Wlkr.. Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 311, pi. 39c (1915).
Type, ($, Sarawak, in the Oxford Museum.
2 (J (J, Smgapore ; 1 (J, 2,260 ft., Penang ; in British Museum. 1 ^, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 ^^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 3,450 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; m E.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur.
Some of these ,^^ have a distinct greenish hue in the veins of both wings, as in L. singaporensis Strand.
14. Leucoma phasmatodes sp. nov.
$. Palpus pale pinkish buff, darker at the tip. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations warm buff. Head whitish (discoloured in type), on the frons below the antenna Prout's brown. Thorax and abdomen white, the latter thinly scaled. Pectus, venter and legs whitish, fore- and midlegs with a Prout's brown spot proximally on the outer side of tibia and tarsus, and a further spot at the junction of femur and tibia. Wings semi-hyaline, whitish ; iridescent scales on the discocellulars, also above and below the anal vein and over the distal one- fourth of the wing ; these scales on the hindwing are somewhat less prominent than on the forewing ; fringes whitish. Underside of both wings, and fringes, whitish.
Expanse : $? 49-58 mm.
1 ? (holotype), 15. v. 1931, and 1 ? (paratype), February 1931, Kuala Lumpur; 1 ? (paratype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,500 ft., 16.iii. 1931 ; all taken at light by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
Resembles Leucoma diaphana Moore (1879), but is a much smaller insect. I have also compared it with ,^rj of L. marginalis Wlkr. (1862), but it Ls evidently distinct.
15. Leucoma niphobola sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 26).
(J. Palpus cartridge-buff, the tip tawny olive. A small aborted proboscis. Antennal shaft cartridge -buff, pectinations Prout's brown. Thorax cartridge-
gg NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
buff. Abdomen above and beneath whitLsh, thinly scaled ; anal tuft cartridge- bufi. Pectus and legs cartridge-buff, the latter banded with Prout's brown. Wings semi-hyaline ; on the forewing a patch of white shining scales in the centre of the cell, a further patch on the discocellulars, patches interneurally near the origins of 1/3 to anal vein, and a postmedial series of long interneural patches with a few scales of Prout's brown at their distal ends ; costa narrowly cartridge- buff mixed with Prout's brown ; fringe whitish. Hindwing similar to forewing in markings, but with no colouring on the costa, and with cartridge-buff on the inner niargm ; fringe whitish. Underside of both wings without markings ; fringe whitish.
Expanse : <J<J 29-31 mm.
1 tj (holotype) and 2 cjcj (paratypes), Taipmg (E. Seimund) ; F.M.S. Museum. 1 S (paratype), Padang Rengas ; Tring Museum. Holotype pre- sented to British Museum.
16. Leucoma nivosa Wlkr.
Lmcoma nivosa Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M., xxxii, p. 344 (1865) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 312 (1915).
Type, ? (not cj as stated in the original description), Mt. Ophir, Malacca, in Oxford Museum.
1 $, Singapore (H. N. Ridley) ; in British Museum.
This species much resembles L. singaporensis Strand, but (m the $) there is no trace of greenish colour in the veins of the forewing. L. nivosa has a rather heavier and less transparent appearance and, in spite of its specific name, the forewing is creamy white as compared with the snowy white of L. singaporensis. In structure the two species appear to be very similar, although I have not compared the genitalia.
17. Leucoma micacea Wlkr.
Redoa micacea Wlkr., Journ. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 127 (1862). Leiicoma micacfa Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 311, pi. 39d (1915). Leucoma pulverulenia Snell., Iris, viii, p. 138 (1895) ; Seitz, x, p. 310 (1915).
Type, (S, Sarawak, in British Museum.
1 cJ, Penang ; in Trmg Museum. 1 <3, near Jitra, Kedah ; 1 (J, 3,400 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 S, 1,500 ft., Batang Padang, Perak ; 1 ^, Ginting- Sempak, Pahang ; 1 ?, 500 ft., Kuala Teku, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur.
18. Leucoma flora Swinh.
Leuccnna flora Swinh., Tran.?. Ent. Soc. Lond.. p. 383 (1903); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 312, pi. 39g (1915).
Type, cJ, Pulau Laut, in British Museum. 1 (J, Singapore (H. N. Ridley) ; in British Museum.
This (S agrees m appearance and venation with Bornean specimens, but is much smaller than the type, 23 mm. as against 28 mm.
19. Leucoma egerina Swinh.
Leucoma egerinn Swinh., .4.M.N.H. (6), xii. p. 213 (1893); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde. x. p. 311, pi. 39c (1915).
Type, (J, Singapore, in British Museum. 7 (5cJ, 3 $?, Smgapore ; 1 $, Semangho, Selangor; in British Museum.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 57
1 ,:J. Singapore ; 1 $, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 $$, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The $ resembles the (J in general appearance.
20. Caviria impressa Snell.
Leucoma impressa Snell., Tijdschr. v. Ent., xx, p. 8, pi. 1, fig. 1 (1877). Caragola impressa Snell.. Seitz. Grossschm. d. Erde, x. p. ,313 (1915).
Type, 9, Java, in Leiden Museum.
2 (S<S. 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ?, Cheras, Selangor ; 2 ??, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, Kuala Tahan, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur.
21. Caviria ochripes Moore.
Stilpnolia ochripes Moore, Lep. Coll. Atk., p. 45 (1879).
Caragola ochripes Moore, Seitz. Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 313, pi. 39d (1915).
Type, $, DarjeeKng, in Berlin Museum.
1 ?, 20.vii.l915, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpiir. The Malayan specimen corresponds well to the original descriiDtion, and I have little doubt that it is correctly determined.
22. Perina nuda Fabr.
Bomhyx nuda Fabr., Manl. Ins. ii. p. 119 (1787).
Perina nuda Fabr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii. p. 134, pi. 21d (1910).
Type, (^, India, in British Museum (Bankes collection).
1 c?. Singapore ; 1 $, Penang ; m British Museum. 1 $, Perak ; in Zoolo- gical Museum, Berlin. 1 ^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selan- gor ; 1 $, 3,500 ft., Lubok Tamang, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
23. Porthesia subnotata Wlkr.
Orvasca siihnotala Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. xxxii, p. 502 (1865). Euproctis subnotata Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 139 (1910).
Type, $, Hindostan, in British Museum.
5 ?9, Singapore ; 2 5$, Kuala Lumpur ; in British Museum. 1 cJ, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 ?, Singapore ; 4 ^^, 12 $?, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Malayan specimens are probably indistinguishable from the Indian form, but in the British Museum the available material of the latter is too small for detailed comparison.
24. Porthesia scintillans similis Moore.
Artaxa similis Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.l.C. ii, p. 351 (1859).
Euproctis similis Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352, pi. 44c (1918).
Type, ?, Java, in British Museum.
4 $5, Singapore ; in British Museum. 2 $$, Penang ; m Tring Museum. 4 cJcJ, 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 (J, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; 1 (J, 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Considerably darker in both sexes than P. scintillans Wlkr., and the yellow on the fore wing reduced in area.
58 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 11132.
25. PorUiesia limbata Butl.
Arlaxa limljala Butl., III. Het. Br. Miis. v, p. 53, pi. sc, fig, 3 (1881). Euproctis lim'iata Butl., Seitz, Grossschvi. d. Erde, ii, p, 139 (1910).
Type, $, Darjeeling, in British Museum. 1 (^, Kuala Lumpur ; F.M.8. Museum, ex coll. Agric. Dept. On the material available it is not possible to say whether the Malayan race should be separated from the Indian.
26. Porthesia virguncula Wlkr.
Euproctis virguncnla Wlkr., Lut Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 836 (18.55).
Porthesia inrgiincula Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 333, pi. 45b and c (1915).
Type, cJ, Punjab, in British Museum.
1 cj. Malacca ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
27. Porthesia orphnaea sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 8).
$. Palpus porrect, light buff. Antennal shaft ochraceous-buff, pectinations lighter. Head ochraceous-buff. Thorax ochraceous-buff to ochraceous-tawny. Abdomen above and beneath bone brown, anal tuft ochraceous-buff. Pectus light buff. Legs light buff to warm buff. Forewing drab, irrorated rather faintly over the whole wing with tawny olive and fuscous ; on two of the para- types there are traces of an antemedial and a postmedial fascia, indicated by a decrease in the irroration ; fringe drab. Hindwing hair brown, fringe drab. Underside of both wings, and fringes, uniform drab.
Expanse : ?? 36-42 mm.
1 ? (holotype), 12.iii.l931, 1 $ (paratype), 17.iii.l93I, 1 $ (paratype), 16. iv. 1926, at light, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 ? (paratype), Sungei Renglet, Pahang, at light, 3,500 ft., 27. ii. 1925 (H. M. Pendle- bury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
28. Euproctis atereta sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 18).
cJ. Palpus upturned, warm buff. Antenna tawny oUve. Head and pata- gium orange-buff, remainder of thorax snuff-brown. Abdomen fuscous, towards the base snuff-brown ; anal tuft light orange-yellow. Pectus, venter and legs warm buff mixed with light buff, front of pectus orange-buff. Forewing saj-al brown irrorated sparsely over the whole wing with fuscous ; on the termen three large semicircular cream-buff spots, one at the apex, another between veins Ml and Ms, another from vein Cul to below vein Cu2 ; fringe sayal brown, cream- buff opposite the terminal spots. Hindwing bistre, terminal area narrowly cream-buff ; fringe cream-buff. Underside of forewing and fringe cream-buff. Underside of hindwing cream-buff ; the area between the cell and inner margin, and as far as the anal angle, bistre ; fringe cream-buff.
Expanse : ^^ 29-37 mm.
1 S (holotype) and 3 ^^ (paratypes), 3, .500 ft., April 1926 and March 1931 ; 1 <S (paratype), Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang, 4,800 ft., 20. v. 1931 ; all taken at light by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to the British Museum.
This species has much the same appearance as Porthesia similis Moore (1869), but has the venation of an Euproctis.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 59
29. Euproctis atomaria Wlkr.
Artaxa atomaria Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 796 (1855).
Euproctis atomaria Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 138, pi. 21h (1910) ; Van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 126 (1928).
Type, 9, North India, in British Museum. It should be noted that the insect mentioned in the original description under the heading " female " bears the data " 43.10. North India," while " var. (5 " bears the data " 43.43. East Indies."
1 9, Gunong Tahan (J. Waterstradt) : in Tring Museum.
The Malayan $ is rather larger (expanse 38 mm.) than the type from N. India, with broader and darker forewing. In the absence of further specimens it Ls not possible to decide whether it belongs to a separate race.
30. Euproctis varians Wlkr.
Artaxa varians Wllcr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv. p. 796 (1855). Euproctis varians Wlkr., 8eitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 137 (1910).
Type, 9, N. China, in British Museum.
1 (J. 1 ?> Ulw Gombak, .5.x. 1929, larvae on Oryza sativa L. ; \ ^, LHu Langat, 30.x. 1929, larva on 0. sativa ; 1 ^, Serdang, 27.iii.1928, larva on Con- bera odullurn ; 1 $, Kuala Lumpur, 3.x. 1928, larva on Citriis aurantiaca, all G. H. Corbett ; British Museum, ex Imperial Institute of Entomology. 1 cj, Padang Rengas ; 3 c^c?, 2 ?$, Kuala Lumpur ; in Trmg Museum. 1 ^, Malacca ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. 1 ^^,1 ??, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
31. Euproctis dyssema sp. nov.
c?. Palpus upturned, tawny olive. Antennal shaft pinkish bu£F, pectina- tions tawny olive. Head and thorax ochraceous-bufif. Abdomen bistre, basal segments and anal tuft ochraceous-bufF. Pectus and venter ochraceous-buff. Legs fringed with long hair-scales, jjale yeUow-orange, mixed on foreleg with ochraceous buff. Forewing light yellow-orange, slightly darkened medially below the cell by scattered scales of tawny olive ; a very faint postmedial fascia, lighter than the ground colour and roughly parallel with the termen ; fringe light yellow -orange. Hindwing and fringe light buff, inner marginal area slightly shaded with tawny olive. Underside of both wings light buff, slightly darker in the costal areas ; fringes light buff.
$. Resembles the ^, but forewmg practically without markmg.
Expanse : ^^ 29-37 mm., ?$ 31-37 mm.
1 S (holotype), 1 ^J and 2 $9 (paratypes), Kuala Lumpur, October 1921 (3) and l.i.l931 (1); 2 ,$^ (paratypes), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,450-3,500 ft., 12.iii.l931 and 16. iv. 1926 ; 1 S (paratype), Ginting-Sempak Pass, 21.x. 1921 ; 1 9 (paratype), near Jitra, Kedah, 8.iv.l928 ; F.M.S. Museum. 1 9 (allotype) and 1 (^, 1 9 (paratypes), Singapore, H. N. Ridley ; 1 9 (paratype), Malacca (J. Waterstradt), 1904; British Museum. 3 99 (paratypes), Perak ; Tring Museum. Holotype and one S paratype presented to British Museum.
This species can be distinguished from E. varians Wlkr. by the dark abdomen and larger size. The 99 in the series are rather small as comparefl with the f^,^, but appear to be conspecific. There is no trace of a spot on the discocellulars in either sex.
gQ NOVITATES ZoOLncIOAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Among several small yellow Eiiproctis from Malaya which are before me and which are not in good enough condition for identification, there appears to be at least one additional new species. Bred series of these difficult insects would greatly help in clearing up present uncertainties.
32. Euproctis bipunctapex Hamps.
Somena hipunclapej: Hamps., III. Hel. Br. Mvs. viii, p. 57, pi. cxl, fig. 1.3 (1891). Euproctis bipunctapex Hamps., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 137, pi. 21h (1910).
Type, ?, Nilgiris, in British Museum. In the original description Hampson apparently refers to Nilgiri specimens of both sexes, but there is no .} from this locality m the British Museum. The ? figured is labelled by him as type of the species.
2 cJt^, 4 9$, Smgapore ; 1 <S, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak ; in British Museum. 2 (Jc?, Gunong Tahan ; 2 S^, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 S, - ??. 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ^, 2 ??, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 S, Taiping ; 1 (J, near Jitra, Kedah ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I have seen no ^ from Southern India, but judging from a comparison of the ?$, Indian and Malayan specimens do not differ.
33. Euproctis bigutta Wlkr.
Euproctis bigidta Wlkr.. List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 837 (1855) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 138 (1910), and x, p. 337 (1915). Type, cJ. Canara, Malabar Coast, in British Museum.
3 .^^, 2 $?, Singapore ; in British Museum.
The 3 ^ cJ of this series have a small spot on the discocellulars of the fore wing, as in the type. The 2 $$ are without this spot.
34. Euproctis digramma Boisd.
Bombyx digmmma Boisd., in Gu6r., Icon. Regne Anim. de Cuvier, p. 508, pi. 86, fig. 4 (1844). Euproctis digramma Gu&., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 138 (1910).
Type, (J, Java, in British Museum.
1 $, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak; m British Museum. 6 cJcJ, Penang; 1 ?, Ipoh, Perak ; in Tring Museum. 2 ??, Kuala Lumpur; 1 ?, 1,800 ft., Batang Padang, Perak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In addition to the two conspicuous black spots on the forewing between veins Ri-Ro and J/ 1-71/2, some of the above specimens of both sexes show smaller spots between veins iJ3-iJ4 and R5-MI. This is also the case with Javanese specimens.
35. Euproctis bimaculata Wlkr.
Euproctis bimaculata Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 836 (1855); Moore, Lep. Ceylon, ii, p. 89, pi. 112, figs. 6 and 6b (1883) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 138 (1910).
Type, $, Ceylon, in British Museum.
1 9, Malacca (expanse 44 mm.) ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
This species, which is evidently rare, is represented m the British Museum by 2 99 and 1 ^ from Ceylon. They are uniform, showing a cream-colour fore- wing, a white hindwing, and on the discocellulars of the forewmg a very large and almost round black spot, measuring nearly 2 mm. in diameter. The two
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 61
illustrations in Seitz, on pi. 21h of vol. ii and pi. 45h of vol. x, are misleading. The species apjiears to be quite distinct from E. bigulta Wlkr. (1855).
The evidence for the occurrence of the species in Malaya rests on the specimen mentioned above, which has no data other than " Malacca."
36. Euproctis protea sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 13).
(J. Palpus and head ochraceous-buff. Antenna warm buff. Patagium and base of tegula ochraceous-buff, remainder of thorax pinkish buff. Abdomen Verona brown ; anal tuft ochraceous buff, Hght buff at the base. Pectus and venter ochraceous buff mixed with light buff ; legs light buff. Forewing warm buff ; on the discocellulars a conspicuous fuscous spot ; fringe warm buff. Hind- wing light buff mixed with drab, lighter in the costal and terminal areas ; fringe light buff. Underside of both wings, and frmges, light buff.
Expanse : (^^J 34—37 mm.
1 cJ (holotype), Provmce Wellesley, Distant ; in British Museum, ex Joicey collection, 'i <SS (paratypes), Penang, March-April 1897 and 1898 (Curtis) ; 1 (J (paratype), Ipoh, Perak (F. Rankin) ; 1 (^ (paratype), Kasoon Mountains, November 1896 (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum.
There is considerable variation in this species, both in the size of the fuscous spot on the forewing, and also in the ground-colour of fore- and hindwing.
37. Euproctis hapala sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 16).
$. Palpus porrect and rather long, antiinony-yeUow. Antenna and head antimony-yeUow. Thorax much worn, but apparently antimony-yeUow, and with some long spatulate benzo-brown scales tipped with white in patagium and tegula. Abdomen fuscous, mixed with light buff dorsaUy at the base. Pectus and venter light buff, legs light buff to pinkish buff. Forewing Najales yellow ; a broad central band of benzo-brown occupying more than a third of the wing, produced inwardly below the cell to the base of the wing, cUstaUy reaching the postmedial area where it is bounded narrowly with white, and produced between veins MS and C'ul almost to the termen ; along the inner margin some long spatulate benzo-brown scales tipjied with white ; in the apex a small fuscous spot between veins iJ4 and E5, and a large rounded fuscous spot between veins R5 and Ml ; fringe Naples yellow. Hmdwmg light buff, fringe pale pinkish buff. Underside of forewing pale pmkish buff, the central band and Naples-yeUow areas faintly indicated towards the costa and apex, and the two fuscous spots plainly marked in the apex ; fringe Najjles yellow mixed with pale pinkish buff. Underside of hindwmg and fringe pale pinkish buff.
Expanse : 28 mm.
1 ? (holotype), Eraser's Hill, Pahang, at light, 4,200 ft., 5.vii.l931 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Kindly presented to British Museum.
Somewhat resembles in facies E. dispersa Moore (1879), but considerably smaller, and without the prolongation of the dark area in the forewmg towards the termen between vems Ml and M2.
38. Euproctis plagiata syngenes subsp. nov. (plate II, fig. 30). $. Palpus porrect, pinkish buff, with a patch of Natal brown on the outer- side. Antennal shaft pinkish buff, pectinations cinnamon-buff. Head and
62 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
patagium Mars yellow, tegiila somewhat lighter. Abdomen above and beneath fuscous, anal tuft, and basal segments dorsally, Mars yellow. Pectus and legs antimony yellow mixed with Mars yellow. Forewing sayal brown, irrorated over the whole wing with fuscous ; a large almost rectangular patch of pale orange-yellow, free of irroration, occupying the origin of veins J/2 to Cu2, and measuring approximately 5x3 mm. ; terminal area for a depth of about 3i mm. pale orange-yellow irrorated with fuscous ; some long lanceolate fuscous scales along the basal half of the inner margm ; fringe pale orange-yellow. Hindwing pale orange-yellow mixed rather heavily with sayal brown and fuscous ; cell pale orange-yellow ; some dark bushy hair -scales between cell and inner margin ; terminal area for a depth of about li mm., and fringe, pale orange-yellow. Underside of forewing pale orange-yellow irrorated with sayal brown, terminal area free of irroration for a depth of about 5 mm., also more narrowly along the inner margin ; frmge pale orange-yellow. Underside of hindwing pale orange- yellow irrorated with sayal brown, terminal area free of irroration for a depth of about 4 mm. ; on the discocellulars a faint dark striga ; frmge pale orange- yellow.
Expanse : 66 mm.
1 $ (holotype). Tana Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang, 4,800 ft., 16. vi. 1926 (D. Kedit) ; F.M.S. Museum. Kindly presented to British Museum.
Can be separated easily from E. plagiata Wlkr. by the presence of dark irroration on upper- and underside of hindwing. The genitaUa appear to differ very little, and I infer that this $ represents the Malayan race of the N. Indian species.
39. Euproctis biplagata Heyl.
Antipha biplagata Heyl., C. R. Soc. Ent. Bdg. i, p. 10 (1892).
Euproctis biplagata Heyl., Van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 125, pi. x, figs. 9a-9c (1928).
Euproctis biplagalana Strand, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352 (1918).
Euproctis renifera Swlnh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 12 (1895).
Type, (J, Praeanger, Java, in Leiden Museum.
Tjrpe (E. renifera), $, Cherra Punji, Assam, m British Museum.
2 $$, Smgapore ; 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in British Museum. 1 $, Padang Rengas ; 1 $, Gunong Ijau, Perak ; in Tring Museum. 1 9, 1,800 ft., Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak ; 1 (J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, 3,500 ft., Lubok Tamang, Pahang ; 1 ?, 3,400 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ?, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
1 have identified these Malayan $$ with the Javanese and Sumatran E. biplagata Heyl. on the strength of van Eecke's description and figures, which support the original description.
A comparison of the genitalia of a Javanese ^J and of a (J from Assam shows no distinction, and E. renifera Swinh. should sink to E. biplagata Heyl., as already suspected by van Eecke.
40. Euproctis atrisignata Swinh.
Evjiroclis atrisignata Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 423 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d, Erde, x, p. 339, pi. 44c (1915).
Type, cJ, Singapore, in British Museum.
2 (?(?. 1 ? (neallotype), Singapore ; in British Museum. 3 cJ(J, Kuala Limipur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 63
The 9, which has not hitherto been described, resembles the cJ, but the white spots along the termen of the forewing are barely visible, and there is a somewhat heavier irroration of dark scales on the forewing. This irroration of dark scales Ls not mentioned in Swinhoe's original description of the ,^, but is nevertheless present in the type and in the other specimens enumerated above.
41. Euproctis minutissima Swinh.
Euproctia minutissima Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 425 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 339, pi. 44c (1915).
Type, cJ, Singapore (H. N. Ridley), in British Museum. 42. Euproctis chirunda Swinh.
Euproctis chirunda Swinh., Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 422 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 349, pi. 44a (1918).
Type, 9, Sandakan, in British Museum.
1 9, Singapore ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
There is a further $ in the British Museum from Lebong Tandai, Benkoelen, Sumatra, but I have seen no ^JJ.
43. Euproctis hemicyclia Collnt.
Euproctis hemicyclia Collnt., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 69 (1930).
Type, (^, Sumatra, in British Museum.
1 ?, at light, 4,200 ft., Fraser's Hill, Pahang, 2 . vii. 1931 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
This species was described from a series taken in S.W. Sumatra, at a height of 5,000-7,300 ft., and may prove to be confined to high elevations.
44. Euproctis ruptata Wlkr.
Ariaxa (?) ruptata Wlkr., Joum, Linn. Soc, Lond, (Zool.), v\. p. 126 (1862). Euproctis ruptata Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d, Erde, x, p. 349 (1918).
Type, (J, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 (?, at light, 3,500 ft., 7.vi.l923, Lubok Tamang, Pahang ; and 1 (J, 1 ?, at light, 13. vi. 1931 and 20. v. 1931, Kuala Lumpur (all taken by H. M. Pendle- bury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The type is in poor condition and without an abdomen, but the Malayan specimens appear to correspond.
The insect which I take to be the $ has similar venation, and the same pattern can be traced on the forewing, but in a more diffuse and less clear-cut form. The abdomen is dark, with a large, light-coloured anal tuft, and there is dark irroration over the whole of the hindwing. Expanse 28 mm.
45. Euproctis lyclene Swinh.
Euproctis lyclene Swinh., Trans, Ent, Soc, Lond., p. 144 (1904) ; id., Sarawak Mus, Journal, iii, p. 141 (1926) (o') ; Seitz, Grossschm, d, Erde. x, p. 349 (1918).
Type, $, Kuchmg, Borneo, in British Museum. Neallotype, J, Mt. Poi, Sarawak, in British Museum.
64 NOVTTATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
1 ?, at light, 1,800 ft., 20.1.1925, Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak (H. M. Pendlebury) ; iii F.M.S. Museum.
I have seen only the two type specimens and the present 9 from Perak, all of which are in poor condition. The Malayan specimen is probably shown correctly under this name, but is much larger than the type — 34 mm. as against 23 mm.
46. Euproctis stenopa sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 29).
cJ. Palpus upturned, warm buff, on the outer side cinnamon-brown. Antemial shaft light buff, pectinations buckthorn-brown. Head warm buff. Thorax ochraceous-tawiiy, shading posteriorly to drab. Abdomen above and beneath fuscous, anal tuft tawny olive. Pectus and legs light buff. Forewing pale pinkish buff, irrorated fairly heavily with fuscous, more lightly in the apical area ; basal third of wing lightly shaded with drab ; three conspicuous fuscous subtermuial spots, one on vein Ml, another between veins J/3 and Cul, and another just above the anal vein ; fringe pale pinkish buff mixed sparsely with fuscous. Hmdwing drab ; fringe pale pinkish buff, this colour slightly invading the wing area near the anal angle. Underside of both wings snuff-brown, gradmg to pale pinkish buff in the distal third of each wing ; fringes pale pinkish buff.
Expanse : ^JcJ 34-37 mm.
1 (J (holotype), 11. ix. 1929, and 1 ^ (paratype), 16. iv. 1926, at light, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 (J (paratype). The Gap, Pahang, March 1921 ; 1 t^ (paratype), Kuala Lumpur, at light, 6. iii. 1918; F.M.S. Museum. Holot5rpe presented to British Museum.
47. Euproctis cheela Swinh.
Euproctis cheela Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 412 (1903) ; Seitz, Qrosssckm. d. Erde, x, p. 341 (1915).
Type, (J, Singapore, in British Museum.
3 (J J, Singapore ; in British Museum.
The 9 of this species appears to be unknown.
48. Euproctis flavociliata Swinh.
Euproctis flavociliata Swinh., AJl.N.H. (7). vii, p. 465 (1901) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 342, pi. 44a (1915).
Type, 9, Perak, in British Museum.
1 $, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 $, Penang ; 1 ?, Perak ; in Tring Museum. 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I have not been able to identify the ^ of this species.
49. Euproctis singapura Swinh.
Artaxa singapura Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het. Oxford, i, p. 189, pi. vi, fig. 19 (1892). Euproctis singapura Swinh., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 343 (1915).
Type, cj, Singapore, in Oxford Museum.
Other than the type, I have seen no specimen of this insect. It appears to be quite distinct from E. varians Wlkr., having an expanse of 28 mm. (lyV inches) as against 18-22 mm. in the series of 15 Malayan cJ(^ of £. varians in the present paper.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 65
50. Euproctis callipotama .sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 4).
9. Palpus long and poriect, [)mkish buff, tipped with tawny. Antenna pinkish buS. Head and thorax pinkish buff, mixed on vertex and patagium with ochraceous-buff. Abdomen above and beneath fuscous, anal tuft ochraceous- buff. Pectus and legs pinkish buff to pale pinkish buff. Forewing cream-colour, irrorated thickly with bone-brown, but with basal and costal areas almost free of irroration ; an antemedial fascia, indicated by an absence of irroration, runs from the origin of vein Cu2 oblique inwardly to the inner margin ; a patch free of irroration is situated at the origin of veins M2 to Cul ; occupying the apex is a patch free of irroration, having a conspicuous fuscous spot at its centre and extending downwards to vein R5 ; a further free patch occurs between veins Ml and 312, extending inwards to about 3 mm. from the termen ; fringe cream- colour, mixed with bone-brown except from the apex to vem R5, Ml to M3, and Cul to Cu2. Hindwing drab, with a narrow border of cream -colour along the termen ; fringe cream-colour. Underside of forewing drab ; inner marginal area below the anal vein pale pinkish buff ; the two light areas on the termen of the upperside are reproduced and rather extended in area, but without the fuscous spot ; fringe pale pmkish buff to cream-colour, mixed with drab. Under- side of hindwmg, and fringe, pale pinkish buff, shading to drab in the basal third of the wing.
Expanse : 43 mm.
1 ? (holotype), Sungei Renglet, Pahang, at light, 3,500 ft., 4.iii. 1925 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Kindly presented to the British Museum.
This insect is nearly related to an umiamed (J and $ in the British Museum, from Assam, and also to E. kanshireia Wileman (1910).
51. Euproctis singapura Swinh.
Artaxa singapura Swinh., Cat. Lep. Het. Oxford, i, p. 189, pi. 6, fig. 19 (1892) ; Seitz, Grosasehm. d. Erde, x, p. 343 (1915).
Type, cJ, Singapore, in Oxford Museum.
I have seen no Malayan specimens of this species other than the type.
52. Euproctis javana epirotica subsp. nov. (plate II, fig. 37).
$. Palpus, head, patagium and base of tegula warm buff, remainder of thorax benzo-brown. Anteimal shaft warm buff, the pectinations darker. Abdomen above and beneath benzo-brown ; anal tuft large, tawny oUve, at the base warm buff. Pectus and legs hght buff mixed with warm buff. Forewing cinnamon-brown ; a semicircular patch of buff-yellow above the end of the cell ; a fuscous spot on the discocellulars just mside the cinnamon-brown area ; terminal area buff-yellow, the cinnamon-brown reachmg the termen at the apex and at vein J/ 3 ; frmge buff-yeUow. Hmdwing benzo-brown ; fringe, and termen narrowly, buff -yellow. Underside of both wings, and fringes, much as on upperside, but with costa of forewing narrowly buff-yeUow, and without the fuscous spot on the discocellulars.
Expanse : 46 mm.
1 $ (holotype), Kampong Padang, TembiUng River, Pahang, at light, 27. ii. 1923 (H. W. Wooly) ; F.M.S. Museum. Kindly presented to British Museum.
5
66 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
In examples of E. javana Aiiriv. the black spot on the discocellulars of the forewing is in the centre of a semicircle of yellow, but in the Malayan $ described above it is just inside the cinnamon-brown area. This and other differences seem to indicate subspecific rank for the Malayan form, but this should be revised when (J (J are avaUable.
Euproctis varia Wlkr. (1855), illustrated on pi. ixa, fig. 5, of Moore's Cat. Lep. Mns. E.I.C. ii, is a very distinct form from E. varia var. javana Auriv., Ent. Tijskr., p. 174 (April 1894), and I now raise the latter to the status of a species. The insects represented on pi. ix, figs. 12 and 12a of Zool. Med. Leiden, Deel xi, belong to the form which I recognize as E. javana Auriv.
1 have compared the genitalia of the tjrpe J of E. oreosaura Swinh., A.M .N.H. (6), xiv, p. 4,35 (December 1894), with those of specimens of E. javana and find a considerable difference, especially in the shape of the valve. I therefore regard E. varia Wlkr. (N. India), E. oreosaura Swinh. (Cherra Punji) and E. javanu Auriv. (Java) as distinct species.
53. Euproctis ormea Swinh.
Euproctis ormea Swiah., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 426 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 347, pi. 44f (1918).
Type, 9, S.E. Borneo, in British Museum.
2 $?, larva on Aleurites montana, Kuala Lumpur ; in British Museum.
54. Euproctis postnigra Swinh.
Euproctis postnigra Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land., p. 421 (1903); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 348, pi. 43d (1918).
Type, $, Matang, Borneo, in British Museum.
1 $, 1920, The Gap, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The Malayan specimen has the ochreous ground-colour of the forewing less bright than in the type, and the hindwing is of a lighter tint of brown. This may be due to fading.
55. Euproctis xanthomela Wlkr.
Euproctis xanthomela Wlkr., Jmirn. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 128 (1862) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 348 (1918).
Type, cj, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 <J, 3,300 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in British Museum. 2 c^^, 3,400- 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu ; 1 S, Kuala Tahan, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In the original description Walker remarks that E. xanthomela " is most allied to " E. atomaria. He refers here to E. atomaria Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M . iv, p. 837, 1855 (nom. praeocc) = E. catala Swinh. (1903), and not, as stated by Strand in Seitz, to E. atomaria Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M . iv, p. 796 (1855).
56. Euproctis cincta Swinh.
Euproctis cincta Swinh., A.M.N.H. (7), xvii, p. 541 (1906); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 348 (1918).
Type, (J, Kina Balu, in British Museum.
1 (J, 1 .ii.l923, Singapore (C. J. Saunders) ; in F.M.S. Museum. The Singapore specimen has the distal third of the hindwing yellowish white, but at least one ^ in the British Museum series from Kina Balu matches it in
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 67
this respect. As the determination is based on only one (^ it is not without doubt, but a comparison of the genitalia gives no clear characters for separation.
57. Euproctis moalata Swinh.
Euproctis divisa Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 129 (1862) (nom. praeocc). Euproctis moalata Swinh., A.M.N. H. (8), xviii, p. 216 (1916). Euproctis divisdla Strand, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 347 (1918).
Type, <J, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
2 cJ(J, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In the F.M.S. Museum is a 9from Kuala Lumpur, taken at light on 7.ii. 1931 by H. M. Pendlebury, which may belong to this species. It resembles the (J, but has a faint dark spot on the discocellulars of the fore wing, while the ochreous border of the hindwing is confined to the fringe. Expanse 47 mm. Further material is required to verify the determination.
The majority of cJc^ from Sarawak have a faintly marked light spot on the discocellulars of the fore wing.
58. Euproctis inunda Wlkr.
Euproctis munda Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 129 (1862) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d.Erde, X, p. 348, pi. 44h (1918).
Type, c?. Sarawak, in British Museum.
6 (J (J, 1 5, Singapore ; 5 $$, Kuala Lumpur ; in British Museum. 2 (J (J, Penang ; in Tring Museum.
A comparison of the genitalia of the type ^ and of 2 Singapore (^^ shows no difference on which they should be separated.
There is considerable variation in the forewing of both sexes, from that which in the words of the original description is entirely " very pale fawn-coloiu" or nankeen colour," to a form in which the wmg is darker, with a border of buff-yellow some 1 J mm. broad along the termen and less plainly along the distal half of the costa, where it tends to merge into the ground-colour. These forms are satisfactorily linked together m the series of 5 $$ from Kuala Lumpur, where both are present in insects reared from larvae feeding on Canangium odoratum.
59. Euproctis leucophleba sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 31).
$. Palpus porrect, pinkish buff. Antennal shaft verona brown, pectma- tions Mars yellow. Head and thorax Mars yellow ; some long spatulate hair- scales with light tips in patagium and tegula. Abdomen above and beneath Saccardo's umber, anal tuft ochraceous-tawny. Pectus and legs pale pinkish buff to clay-colour. Forewing yellow-ochre, irrorated evenly and rather thickly with fuscous ; all veins whitish exceptmg in the basal half of costal area ; on the discocellulars an oblong fuscous spot, below which, embracing the origin of veins M2, Jf 3, Cu\ and Cii2, is a large and conspicuous patch of white ; fringe yellow- ochre, mixed with fuscous interneurally. Hindwing Saccardo's imiber, fringe hght buff. Underside of both wings snuff-brown, grading in the subterminai areas to light buff irrorated with snuff-brown ; fringes light buff, mixed inter- neiu'ally in the forewing with fuscous.
Expanse : ?$ 39-45 mm.
68 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
1 $ (holotype), Lebong Sandai, Benkoelen, S.W. Sumatra ; British Museum (ex Joicey collection). 1 $, Padang Rengas, Perak ; Tring Museum.
The Malayan specimen, which Ls not in such good condition as the type from Sumatra, agrees well in facies but is smaller in expanse.
Somewhat resembles E. posinigra Swinh. (1903), in which, however, the light patch on the forewing is beyond the discocellulars instead of below.
60. Euproctis corbetti Tams.
Xygmia corhetli Tams, A.M.N.H. (10), i, p. 626 (1928).
Type, (J, Kuala Lumpur, in British Museum. Larva feeding on Aleurites montana.
1 $, Singapore, originally described as the allotype of Euproctis ridleyi Swinh. ; in British Museum. 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in Oxford Museum.
Both sexes have three pairs of faint white spots on the termen of the fore- wing, arranged as in E. atrisigmita Swinh. (1903). There is also a black spot on the discocellulars of the forewing, plainly visible in the 5$, but indistmct in the (J holotype owing to the rubbed condition of the specimen.
61. Euproctis tamsi sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 38).
cj. Palpus short, upturned, tawny-olive, mixed laterally and above with fuscous. Antemial shaft drab, pectinations ochraceous-tawny. Head and thorax tawny-ohve. Abdomen above and beneath Prout's brown, anal tuft ochraceous-buff. Pectus and legs light buff to warm buff. Forewing pinkish bufP, irrorated with fuscous and orange-buff ; a rather large fuscous spot on the discocellulars ; a broad postmedial fascia composed of interneural fuscous spots, running at right angles from the costa down to vein M 1 , thence slightly bowed inwardly to the inner margin at a httle more than one-half ; fringe pinkish buff mixed with fuscous and orange-buff. HLndwing snuff-brown, grading to pinkish buff in the termmal and costal areas ; fringe pmkish buff lightly mixed with snuff -brown. Underside of forewing pinkish buff, mixed in and beyond the cell with snuff-brown ; fringe pinkish buff. Underside of hindwmg pinkish buff, mixed m the basal half of wing with snuff-brown ; fringe pinkish buff.
Expanse : 44-47 mm.
1 cJ (holotype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500 ft., 13. iv. 1926 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 ^J (paratype), Bukit Kutu, 3,400 ft., August 1915 ; 1 (^ (para- type), Kedah Peak, at light, 3,300 ft., 19.iii. 1928 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; m F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
A distmct species, which cannot be confused with any other.
62. Euproctis erema sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 25).
$. Palpus and head pale yellow-orange, palpus porrect, third segment downturned. Antenna cinnamon-buff. Thorax light buff mixed with ochra- ceous-tawny. Abdomen fuscous, the basal segments lighter ; anal tuft rather large, pinkish buff. Pectus and venter light buff ; legs TpaAe yellow-orange. Forewing antimony-yellow, irrorated with ochraceous-tawny and fuscous ; a broad medial band formed by an increase in the fuscous irroration, bordered proximally by a light-coloured almost straight antemedial fascia running at right angles to the inner margin, and bordered distaUy by a Ught-coloured postmedial
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 69
fascia bowed (convexity terminad) from costa to vein Cu2, thence parallel with the termen to the inner margin ; two large circular preterminal fuscous spots, one between veins i?4 and i?5, the other between veins Ml and M2 ; fringe antimony-yellow mixed with ochraceous-tawny. Hindwing drab ; fringe tilleul- bufl. Underside of forewing drab ; terminal area lighter ; fringe antimony- yellow. Utiderside of hindwing tilleul-bu£F slightly shaded with drab ; fringe tilleul-buff.
Expanse : 31 mm.
1 9 (holotype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500 ft., 18.iii.l931 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Kmdly presented to British Museum.
Resembles E. icelomorpha Swmh. (1906) and E. perplexa Swinh. (1903), but with a broader medial band in the forewing, and without the whitish line joining the antemedial and postmedial fascias.
63. Euproctis acodes sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 2).
(J. Palpus upturned, cirmamon-brown. Antennal shaft cinnamon-brown, pectinations ochraceous-tawny. Head ochraceous-buff. Thorax sayal-brown. Abdomen above and beneath snuff-brown, somewhat lighter dorsally towards the base ; anal tuft ocliraceous-buflf, lighter at the base. Pectus ocliraceous-buff. Legs pinki.sh buff to ochraceous-buff. Forewing with ground-colour tUleul-buff, and covered with scales of fuscous and yellow-ochre in roughly even proportions, the whole giving an effect of tawny-olive ; costal area above the upper margin of the cell and vein R2 slightly darker and with scales of only one colour ; a rather large round fuscous spot on the discocellulars ; fringe tawny-olive. Hindwing and fringe slightly darker than forewing. Underside of forewing tawny-olive, grading to jsinki.sh buff in the subterminal area ; fringe pinkish buff. Underside of hindwing pinkish buff, shading to tawny-olive in the inner margmal and basal areas ; fringe pinkish buff.
Expanse : ^^ 39-40 mm.
1 c? (holotype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500 ft., 13. iv. 1926 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; I (J, Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang, 4,800 ft., 10.xii.l924 (J. Kedit) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
Somewhat resembles E. ridleyi Swinh. (1906), but without the light border to the hindwing, and with much less prominent irroration on the forewing. The forewing also is shorter and more rounded.
64. Euproctis rubiginosa Snell.
Euproctis ruhiginosa Snell., Tijdschr. v. Ent., xx, p. 10, pi. 1. fig. 3 (1877) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, X, p. 350, pi. 47g (1918).
Type, (^, Java, in Leiden Museum.
1 cJ, at light, 6. iv. 1927, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 cj, at light, 3,500 ft., 19.iii.l931, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; both taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Expanse : 2 (J (J, 20 mm.
These two ,^(J agree closely with the description of Snellen's type, but I have not been able to compare them with Javanese specimens. The Bukit Kutu specimen has the basal half of forewing fiUed in with olive-brown.
70 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
65. Euproctis ridleyi Swiiih.
Euproclis ridleyi .Swinh.. A.M.N.H. (7), xvii, p. 542 (1906) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 350 (1918).
Type, cJ, Singapore, in British Museum.
3 (^(^, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 ,^, Penang ; 1 cJ, 3,000 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; m Tring Museum. 10 (S<S, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu ; 1 ? (neallotype), 3,500 ft., 19.iii.l931, Bukit Kutu (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 2 <S^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, The Gap, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum. Neallotype presented to British Museum.
The insect described by Swinhoe as the allotype $ of this species is actually a $ of Euproclis corbetti Tarns — see remarks under that species in this paper.
The true $ of E. ridleyi closely resembles the (^, with the exception that the light marginal band on the hindwing is confined to the fringe, and that the underside of both wings is a uniform dark brown, with lighter fringes. Expanse (neallotype) : 52 mm.
This species appears to come very close to Euproctis fumosa Snell., 1877 (Sumatra). Van Eecke remarks {Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 119, 1928) that Snellen has given a not entirely correct figure of the ^, and illustrates it afresh on pi. X, fig. 1. As I have seen no Sumatran specimens of E. fumosa, I am unable to say whether E. ridleyi should sink to it.
66. Euproctis perplexa Swinh.
Euproctis perplera Swiah., Trans. Etit. Soc. Land., p. 422 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 350, pi. 44c (1918).
Type, $, Singapore, in British Museum.
2 $$, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The 3 $$ other than the type have a subterminal spot between veins i?4 and jR5 in the apex of the forewing, and in one case a further much smaller spot between veins i?3 and if4.
The (^ of this species appears to be unknown.
67. Euproctis hypolispa sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 6).
$. Palpus porrect, ochraceous-buff. Head and antennal shaft warm buff, the pectinations lighter. Patagium Mars yellow, remainder of thorax, and abdomen above and beneath, snuff-brown to bistre ; anal tuft ochraceous-buff. Pectus Ught buff, legs light buff to warm buff. Forewing drab ; fringe warm buff. Hindwing light drab ; fringe light buff to warm buff. Underside of both wings drab to light drab ; fringes as on upperside.
Expanse : $? 38-44 mm.
1 $ (holotype) and 1 $ (paratype), Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang, at light, 4,800 ft., 19. v. 1931; 1 $ (paratype), Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak, at light, 1,800 ft., 26. ii. 1928 ; all taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
68. Euproctis adela sp. nov. (plate 1, fig. 3). $. Palpus porrect, warm sepia. Antenna and head Verona brown. Pata- gium Mars yellow, remainder of thorax Verona brown. Abdomen above and
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 71
beneath warm sepia ; anal tiiit large and biLshy, Saccardo's umber, grading to pinkish buff at the base above and to cinnamon-buff beneath. Pectus and legs Verona brown. Forewing Verona brown ; a faint light-coloured postmedial fascia (not visible in the paratype) running at right angles to the costa down to vein Ms, thence roughly parallel with termen to inner margin ; frmge warm buff. Hindwing hair-brown, becoming lighter towards the termen ; fringe light buff. Underside of both wings, and fringes, as on upperside.
Expanse : ?$ 33-34 mm.
1 ? (holotype), 17.1.1931, and 1 $ (paratype), 12. iv. 1931, at light, Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype j)resented to British Museum.
69. Euproctis phaula sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 14).
(J. Palpus upturned, warm buff. Antennal shaft light buff, pectinations cinnamon-buff. Head and thorax warm buff. Abdomen drab, somewhat lighter towards the base ; anal tuft pinkish buff. Pectus, venter and legs pale pinkish buff to pinkish buff. Forewing cinnamon-buff ; fringe pale pinkish buff. Hindwing drab ; fringe pale pinkish buff. Underside of both wings pale pinkish buff, somewhat shaded with drab ; fringes pale pinkish buff.
$. Palpus with second segment porrect, the third downturned. Abdomen, fore- and hindwing on upper side rather darker than in the (J.
Expanse : J J 23-25 mm., $ 39 mm.
1 (J (holotype), 14.iii.-18.iv.l928, 1 ? (allotype) January 1897, 1 ^ (paratype). May 1898, all Penang (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum.
The $ is lighter, larger in expanse and with a smaller anal tuft than E. adela, and has not the warm buff fringes of E. hypolispa. I have decided to include the $ under the same name as the two (^(J, but this is subject to confirmation when further material comes to hand.
70. Euproctis isabellina Heyl.
Porthesia isabelliTta Heyl., C.R. Soc. Eni. Belg. xxxvi, p. 9 (1892) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 334 (1915).
Type, $, Padang Rengas, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
1 $, 10. vi. 1921, Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
71. Euproctis funeraUs Swinh.
Euproctis funeralis Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 421 (1903); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 349 (1918).
Type, (J, Singapore, in British Museum.
3 $9, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 $, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 ?, Kuala Lumpiu' ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The specimen described by Swinhoe as the allotype $ of E. funeralis is in the British Museum, and does not belong to this species, but to E. pelopicta Collnt., described below.
The true $ matches the (^ in colour of forewing, which has a greenish-yellow tinge ; the veins on the forewing are lighter than the ground-colour, and the wing is covered with dark irroration. The hmdwlng may be described in Swinhoe 's words : " Entirely blackish brown with pale yellowish outer margins." Expanse : $$ 51-53 mm.
72 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
The illustration of the $ in Seitz, x, pi. 43c, evidently represents another species, but van Eecke's illustration in Zoo!. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. ix, fig. 14 (1928), appears to be correct.
In this species there is no trace of a postmedial fascia on the forewing, such as occurs in E. pelopicta Collnt. and E. peperites Collnt.
72. Euproctis pelopicta sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 33).
(J. Palpus clay-colour, the second segment fuscous laterally and above. Antennal shaft pinkish buff, pectinations cinnamon-buff. Head and patagium cinnamon-buff to orange-buff, remainder of thorax clay-colour. Abdomen bone- brown ; anal tuft orange-buff. Pectus and legs clay-colour to tawny-olive, venter tawny-olive. Forewing light buff, irrorated thickly with cinnamon- brown, giving a tawny-olive effect ; a postmedial fascia, straight and fairly well defined, slightly darker than the ground-colour, roughly parallel with the termen, running from vein J/ 1 at one-half to the inner margin at two-tiiu'ds ; fringe light buff. Hmdwing light buff, covered so thickly with Verona brown as practically to obscure the ground-colour except in the costal and terminal areas ; inner marginal area with long silky hair-scales of Verona brown ; fringe Ught buff. Underside of forewing light buff irrorated with Verona brown, which except beyond the cell and in the terminal area is thick enough to obscure the ground- colour ; costal area broadly cinnamon-buff ; frmge light buff. Underside of hindwing light buff irrorated with Verona brown, which basad of a line from the costa at one-third through the lower angle of the cell to the termen is thick enough to obscure the ground-colour ; fringe light buff.
?. Resembles the S, but with head, patagium and anal tuft less bright. The postmedial fascia is less pronounced, but is faintly visible in almost all the paratypes. The hindwing on upperside, and both wings on underside, are lighter as a whole, but the light buff is almost obscured, and only visible to a slight extent in the terminal areas.
Expanse : S3 55-56 mm., ?$ 63-78 mm.
1 S (holotype), 1 $ (allotype) and 2 ?? (paratypes), Singapore (H. N. Ridley) ; 1 ? (paratype), Singapore (E. E. Green) ; 1 $ (paratype), Penang (Biggs); in British Museum. 1 $ (paratype), Singapore ; in Zoological Museum, BerUn. 1 ^ (paratype), Kuala Lumpur, 13.iii.l928, larva on Ficus elaslica ; in coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur. 3 ?? (paratypes), Kuala Lumpur, at light, 24.iii.1931, 22.vii.1929 and 30. ix. 1931 (H. M. iPendlebury) ; 1 ? (paratype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500 ft., 15. iv. 1926 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The presence of a postmedial fascia differentiates this species from E. funeralis Swinh. (1903), and the absence of a discocellular spot from E. fumosa Snell. (1877).
73. Euproctis peperites sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 34).
S- Palpus short, slightly upturned, warm buff. Antennal shaft drab, pectinations buckthorn-brown. Head and thorax warm buff. Abdomen Prout's brown, the basal segments warm buff ; anal tuft warm buff. Pectus and legs warm buff, the femora and tibiae fringed with long hair-scales. Venter Prout's brown. Forewing light buff, irrorated thickly and evenly with scales of
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 73
Front's brown and yellow-ochre, the whole giving an effect in which the yellow- ochre predominates ; veins rather lighter than the remainder of the wing ; a postmedial fascia, straight and fairly well defined, cinnamon-brown' roughly parallel with the termen, running from vein Ml at one-half to the inner margin at a httle more than one-half : fringe light buff, mixed interneurally with Prout's brown and yellow-ochre. Hindwing cinnamon-brown, mixed with light buff in the terminal and costal areas ; fringe light buff mixed sparsely with cinnamon- brown. Underside of both wings light buff mixed heavily with cmnamon-brown ; terminal areas rather lighter ; costa of forewing narrowly light buff ; fringes light buff mixed sparsely with cmnamon-brown.
$. Resembles the (^, but with head and thorax somewhat darker. Forewing and postmedial fascia of almost exactly the same appearance as in the o . Upper- side of hindwing, and underside of both wings, with less admixture of light buff in the terminal areas.
Expanse : SS 49-53 mm., $$ 56-61 mm.
2 (J (J (holotype and paratype). The Gap, Pahang, 1920 ; in F.M.S. Museum. 1 ? (allotype), Penang, 2,260 ft,, 20.iii.l928 (S. S. Flower) ; in British Museum- 3 $9 (paratypes), Penang (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum. Holotype jjresented to British Museum.
In addition there are 4 $$ in the F.M.S. Museum, from 3,500 ft. on Bukit Kutu and Lubok Tamang, which resemble this species rather closely. They are larger and slightly lighter, with a paler thorax, and with no trace of the post- medial fascia. In the absence of cjc? I have thought it best to leave these insects undescribed, although I believe that probably they represent a distinct species.
The postmedial fascia in E. peperites finishes farther from the tornus than in E. pelopicta, while yellow-ochre predominates in the forewing as compared with tawny-olive in E. pelopicta.
74. Euproctis epinephela sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 1).
$. Palpus, head, antennal shaft, patagium and tegula light orange -yellow. Pectinations of antenna pale orange-yellow. Thorax posteriorly drab. Abdo- men above and beneath Natal brown ; anal tuft antimony-yellow. Pectus and legs pale orange-yellow to light orange -yellow. Forewing drab to benzo-brown ; costa very narrowly and terminal area for a depth of about 1 1 mm. buff-yellow, wider across the apex, and approachuig nearest to the termen between veins 1/3 and Cu\ ; a rather ill-defined spot of the same colour as the main area of the wing on vein Ml, about 1 mm. in diameter and i mm. from the termen ; fringe buff-yellow. Hindwing drab to benzo-brown ; fringe buff-yellow, this colour also narrowly invading the wing near the anal angle. Underside of forewing drab to benzo-brown, terminal area narrowly buff-yellow, slightly wider across the apex ; fringe buff-yellow. Underside of hindwing as on upperside.
Expanse : 48 mm.
1 ? (holotype), Singajrore, 14.ii. 1023 ; F.M.S. Museum. Kindly presented to British Museum.
This species resembles E. flavolimbata Auriv. (1S!)4), but has a greater area of buff-yellow in the forewing and a subterminal spot. There is a possibility that it may be the true $ of E. cincta Swmh. (1006), in which case Swinhoe's
nA NOVITiTES ZOOLOGICAB XXXVIII. 1932.
aUotype ? (which seems too small to be associated with the S) would require a new name.
75. Euproctis transversa Moore.
Artaxa transversa Moore, Cat. Lep. Mns. E.I.C. ii, p. 352, pi. 9a, fig. 8 (1859). Euproctis transversa Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352, pi. 44a (1918). Euproctis humida Smnh., A.M.N.H. (7), xvii, p. 543 (1906) ; Seitz, I.e., p. 340 (1915).
Type, ?, Java, in British Museum. Type {humida), ^, Singapore, in British Museum.
7 cJc?, 3 ??, Singapore ; 1 c?, 1 ?, Perak ; 1 ?, Selangor ; in British Museum. 1 cJ, Singapore ; 1 <S, Penang ; 2 ??, Padang Rengas ; 2 ??, Gunong Ijau ; 1 ?, Taiping ; in Tring Museum. 5 ^S, 4,800 ft.. Tana Rata, Cameron's High- lands ; 1 S, 3,500 ft., Lubok Tamang, Pahang ; 1 ?, 4,000 ft., Eraser's Hill, Pahang ; 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ?, near Jitra, Kedah ; 5 So, Taiping ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Swinhoe's E. humida is clearly the S of E. transversa, but I cannot trace that this fact has been noted previously. In both sexes the venation departs from that usually found m Euproctis, by vein Rl anastomosing shortly with the stalk of E2 to R5 to form an areole, but in other respects the species conforms to the genus.
76. Euproctis coelebs sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 45). (J. Palpus upturned, warm buff, on the outer side darker. Antennal shaft light buff, pectinations ochraceous-tawny. Head and patagium capucme- yellow, shading to cinnamon-buff on the remamder of the thorax ; tegula long and bushv. Abdomen above and beneath fuscous ; anal tuft orange-buff. Pectus and legs hght buff mixed with warm buff. Forewing warm buff, irrorated rather evenly over the whole wing with fuscous ; a series of three large equi- distant antemedial fuscous spots, oblique outwardly from the inner margm at one-third, one of the spots being below the anal vein, another above it, the third below the origin of vem Cu2 ; a similar fuscous spot on the centre of the disco- cellulars ; a series of postmedial interneural fuscous spots commencing below vem M2 at a point rather closer to the termen than the cell, runnmg parallel with the termen to below vem Cu2, thence oblique outwardly to the mner margm ; the antemedial spots have a somewhat indistinct border of white distally and the postmedial spots a similar border proximally, while m some specimens there is also a white border round the discocellular spot ; fringe warm buff. Hmdwing fuscous, mixed with warm buff in the costal area ; frmge warm buff. Uivlerside of forewmg fuscous ; area above subcostal vein warm buff ; distal fourth of wmg, inner marginal area and fringe, light buff. Underside of hindwing fuscous, grading to light buff in distal third of wing, the division runnmg approximately from the costa at two-thirds to the anal angle ; fringe hght buff. Expanse: ^J (J 36-42 mm.
1 S (holotype) and 3 cjc? (paratypes), at hght, March 1931, 2 oM (paratypes), September 1929, all 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 ^ (paratype), 3,400 ft., August 1915, Bukit Kutu ; F.M.S. Museum. 1 cj, Penang, March 1898 (CurtLs) ; Tring Museum. Holotype and one paratype presented to the British Museum.
This species appears to be quite distinct from E. transversa Moore (1859), in which there is a closed areole in the forewing and a postmedial fascia running
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 75
from costa to inner margin. E. coelebs has no areole. Moreover, the type ? of E. transversa measures only 35 mm., which is smaller than any (J in the present series. The $ of E. codebs probably measures not less than 50 mm.
77. Euproctis innupta sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 46).
$. Palpus porrect, pinkish buff ; the third segment rather long, downturned, darker. Antennal shaft sayal brown, pectinations Verona brown. Head and thorax Mars yellow. Abdomen above and beneath fuscous ; anal tuft buiiy brown above, lighter at the base, on the underside light buff. Pectus and legs sayal brown to snuff-brown. Forewing clay-colour, irrorated over the whole wing with fuscous, most thickly between postmedial and termen, more sparsely between antemedial and base ; a series of four large antemedial fuscous spots, one in the cell, two between cell and anal vein, one below anal vein, the series being bowed slightly towards the termen, and directed at right angles to the inner margin ; a series of postmedial interneural fuscous spots, those between Ri, R5 and Ml larger than the remainder, running at right angles from the costa at three-quarters to vein Cu\, thence bowed (concavity terminad) to inner margin ; the antemedial spots have a border of white distally and the postmedial spots a similar border proximally ; fringe cinnamon-buii. Hindwing hair-brown ; fringe cinnamon-buff. Underside of forewing Saccardo's umber, mixed in the terminal area with pinkish buff, area above subcostal vein clay-colour ; frmge cinnamon- buff. Underside of hindwing iSaccardo's umber, mixed sparsely in the apical area with pinkish buff ; fringe cinnamon-buff.
Expanse : ?$ 53-56 mm.
1 9 (holotype), 19. iv. 1931, 3 $? (paratypes), January 1931, 1 9 (paratype), April 1931, 2 $9 (paratypes), May 1931, all at light, Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype and one paratype presented to British Museum.
The bowed antemedial fascia, absence of spot on the discocellulars, and con- tinuance of postmedial fascia to the costa, serve to separate this species from E. coeleb!'. Moreover, vein R\ anastomoses shortly with vein iJ4 to form an areole.
It is also very different in appearance from E. transversa Moore on account of the larger size, larger and more conspicuous spots, and bowed antemedial.
Although the 99 of this species appear to be not luicommon at Kuala Lumpiu-, I am unable to find a (J in the material before me. It may be possible to obtain the (J by breeding from a captured specimen.
78. Euproctis phloeochroa sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 35). (J. Palpus, head and thorax argus brown, mixed sparsely on the frons with pinkish buff. Antennal shaft pinkish buff, pectinations snuff-brown. Abdomen Saccardo's umber, anal tuft cinnamon-buff. Pectus and legs pinkish buff mixed with snuff-brown, the legs fringed with long hair-scales. Venter pinkish buff. Forewing snuff-brown, slightly darker between the costa and the upper margin of the cell ; a Brussels-brown antemedial fascia, almost straight, angled inwardly at the anal vein, and roughly at right angles to the inner margin ; an indication of a Brussels-brown streak on the discocellulars ; a Brussels-brown postmedial fascia, bowed inwardly from costa to vein Cul, thence outwardly oblique to the inner margin ; just beyond the postmedial a series of interneural fuscous spots ;
76 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
a dark line along the tennen ; fringe .snuff-browii. Hindwing and fringe Sac- cardo's umber, with a dark line along the termen. Underside of both wings, and fringes, pinkish buff, mixed sparsely with snuff-brown, the latter predommating in and beyond the cell of forewing.
Expanse : i^q 37-43 mm.
1 c? (holotype), 13. iv. 1926, and I ^ (paratype), 22.iii.1931, Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3, .500 ft. ; 1 ,^ (paratype), Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak, 5 .iii . 1924, 1,800 ft. ; all at light (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 (^ (paratype), Kuala Tahan, Pahang, March 1921 ; 1 (J (paratype), Taiping, Perak ; both taken by E. Seimund ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to the British Museum.
79. Euproctis Unfa Moore.
Artaxa linta Moore, Cat. Lep. In.i. Mux. E.I.C. ii. p. Ii.51 (1859). Euproctis linta Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352, pi. 44e (1918). Euproctis nuhilosa van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 121 (1928).
Type, 9, Java, in British Museum.
15 (^^ and 1 9^ Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 ,^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, .Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Van Eecke states (I.e., p. 121) that the species which Strand in Seitz takes for E. linta Moore, and illustrates, is not in fact that species, because in the original description of E. linfa there is no mention of the apical brown spot in the forewing. Actually it is the original description which is at fault, for an examination of the type shows that the spot is plainly present on both wings, but being somewhat worn had been overlooked by Moore. Van Eecke's very excusable assumption has led him to describe this species afresh as E. nuhilosa, but this name must now sink. E. hemibathes Swinh. (1906), sunk by van Eecke in the course of the same discussion, remains as a good species.
80. Euproctis cosmia sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 17).
(J. Palpus, antenna and head antimony-yellow. Patagium antimony- yellow ; tegula antimony-yellow at base, sayal-brown distally ; remainder of thorax drab. Abdomen drab, anal tuft ochraceous-buff. Pectus pale pinkish buff. Legs cream-colour, the foreleg fringed with long hair-scales. Venter pinkish buff. Forewing with basal half benzo-brown, the distal edge of this area semicircular (convexity terminad) running from the costa at one-half to the inner margin at two-thirds ; remainder of wing, and fringe, buff-j'ellow. In some specimens the extreme edge of basal half of costa is buff-yellow. Hindwing cream-buff, the basal area from costa at one-third to inner margin at two-thirds benzo-brown ; fringe cream-buff. Underside of forewing as on upperside, but the buff-yellow replaced by cream-buff ; fringe buff-yellow. Underside of hind- wing as on upperside, but the benzo-brown area somewhat reduced.
Expanse : i^,^ 25-27 mm.
1 (J (holotype), 10. iv. 1931, 1 ,^ (paratype), 24.1.1931, 1 ^ (paratype), 19.x. 1921, all at light, Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendlebury); 1 S (paratype), Cheras, Selangor, at light, 2. v. 1927 (E. Seimund) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to the British Museum.
This species appears to be identical with that illustrated by van Eecke in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. x, fig. 3, under the name of E. linta Moore. For further particulars, see remarks under the name of that species in the present paper.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 77
E. cosmia is somewhat similar to E. hemibathes Swinh. (1906), but has a much smaller area of benzo-brown on both fore- and hindwLng.
81. Euproctis eumorpha sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 5).
cJ. Palpus, antenna, head and patagium ochraceous-buff to orange-bufi ; remainder of thorax drab. Abdomen drab above and beneath, anal tuft ochra- ceous-buff. Pectus pale pinkish buS. Legs cream-colour, the foreleg fringed with long hair-scales. Forewing with basal two-tliirds benzo-brown, the distal edge of this area running from the costa at two-thirds, bowed (convexity apicad) to vein Cul at two-thii-ds, thence parallel with the termen to the imier margin ; remainder of wing, and fringe, maize-yellow. Hindwing with basal half benzo- brown, the distal edge of this area running from the costa at one-half, outwardly oblique to vein Cm2 at two-thirds, thence jJarallel with the termen to the inner margin ; remainder of wing, and fringe, cartridge-buff. Underside of both wings as on upperside, but the maize-yellow on the forewing replaced by cartridge-buff.
Expanse : 34 mm.
1 (J (holotype), Fraser's Hill, Pahang, 4,000 ft., 31.1.1929 (H. M. Pendle- bury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Presented to British Museum.
Resembles the last species E. cosmia and also E. hemibathes Swinh., but can be easily separated by the shape of the benzo-brown areas on fore- and hindwings.
82. Euproctis obscura Moore.
Artaxa obscura Moore, Cat. Lep. ilus. E.I.C. ii, p. 351 (1859). Euproctis obscura Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352 (1918).
Type, ?, Java, in British Museum.
1 (2, Singapore ; '2 iS(S> Serdang, Selangor, larva feeding on Terminalia catappa ; in British Museum.
Expanse, 3 Malayan (J J, 12-15 mm.
The above (J from Singapore was referred to this species by SwLnhoe, and the two Serdang (^.^ agree with the Singapore specimen. In the absence of adequate Javanese material it is not possible to confirm the determination, but it appears correct.
In the apex of the forewing is a small black spot, not mentioned in the original description, but visible m the type $ and consjiicuous ui the (J,^.
83. Euproctis flavolimbatulana Strand.
Euproctis flavolimbatulana Strand, in Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 351, pi. 44e (1918).
Type, $, Java, in coll. Seitz.
1 (J, at hght, l.vi.l927, Gmtang-Sempak Pass, Selangor-Pahang (H. M. Pendlebury) ; m F.M.S. Museum.
I have not seen the type of this species, but the present specimen answers well to Strand's description and illustration. Expanse (cJ) 28 mm.
84. Euproctis subrana Moore.
Artaxa suhrana Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. ii, p. 351 (1859).
Euproctis suhrana Moore, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 352, pi. 44b (1918).
Type, $, Java, in British MiLseum.
1 cj, 1 $, Singapore ; in British Museum. 7 (J^J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, 1,800 ft., Batang Padang, Perak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
78 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
The two Malayan $$, as compared with the type $ from Java, are consider- ably darker, and the white spots on the forewing larger. Of Javanese specimens I have seen onlj' the type ; further material may possibly show subspecific distinction.
85. Euproctis giittulata Snell.
Euprociis gullulata Snell., Tijds. voor Ent. xxix, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 3 (1886) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erie, X, p. 353 (1918).
Type, $, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
1 (J, 5 $$, Singapore ; 2 ?$, Malacca ; 1 ?, Bindings ; 2 $$, Province Wellesley ; in British Museum. 1 $, Perak ; 2 $$, Gunong Ijau ; 3 $$, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 3 $$, Kuala Lumpur ; 2 $$, Singapore ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The spot on the forewing of the $ is at the origin of veins Mi, J/3 and Cu\, and may vary considerably in size in specimens from the same locality.
I have examined the type of Euproctis (Adlullia) praecurrens Wlkr. (1865), which is a $, not (J as stated in the original description, and quite distinct from the j)resent species. The spot on the forewing is below the junction of vein Cu2 with the cell. The figure shown as praecurrens on pi. 43e of Seitz, vol. x, is evidently guttulata.
The (^ of E. guttulata, of which I have seen only one specimen, resembles E. boleora Swinh. (1892). I have not been able to examine critically the type (^ of the latter, but it may prove to be nothing more than a synonym of guttulata.
86. Euproctis orgyioides v. Eecke.
Euproctis orgyioides v. Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 113, pi. ix, figs. 9 and 9a (1928).
Type, cJ, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
1 c?, 1.000 ft., May 1898, Government Hill, Penang (CurtLs) ; in British Museum. 1 (J, 18.xii.l928, larva on Cinnamormim zeylanicum, Kuala Lumpur (G. H. Corbett) ; 1 cj, at light, 3,300 ft., 23 .iii . 1928, Kedah Peak (H. M. Pendle- bury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In pattern of forewing, the ^ of this species strongly resembles Orgyia nucula Swinh., A.3I.N.H. (6), xiv, p. 435 (1894), which, however, is much larger, and with the hindwing black. The latter species is a Euproctis, and should be transferred to that genus ; it has two pairs of spurs on the hindtibia, and no areole in the forewing.
87. Euproctis biftircata v. Eecke.
Euproctis Kfurcala v. Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 122, pi. x, figs. 5 and 5a (1928).
Type, (^, Sumatra, in Tring Museum.
1 (J, 2,800 ft., Gap, Pahang ; 1 ^, 3,450 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in British Museum. 1 <^, without data; 2 S<S, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; m F.M.S. Museum.
These (J (J are larger (34—36 mm.) than the measurement given for the type (30 mm.), and the yellow margin to the wings is rather better defined. From Sumatra I have seen only the type, and in the absence of further specimens have treated the Malayan form as inseparable.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 79
\
88. Euproctis solitaria v. Eecke.
Euproctis solitaria v. Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 129, pi. x, fig. 11 (1928).
Type, $, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
1 9, 3,400 ft., August 1915, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum. This single $ agrees well with van Eecke 's figure, but has a considerably
greater expanse — 54 mm. as against 38 mm.
89. Euproctis alboscripta v. Eecke.
Euproctis alboscripta v. Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 115, pi. ix, fig. 11 (1928).
Type, cJ, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum.
2 cJcJ, Waterfall Valley, Penang, March-April 1898 (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum.
These two cJ(J appear to conform to van Eecke's description and figure. The species is related to Euproctis faceta Swinh. (1903), of New Guinea.
90. Euproctis chalcostoma sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 11).
cJ. Palpus porrect, orange-buff. Antennal shaft maize-yellow, pectinations pinkish buff. Head orange-buff, frons lighter. Patagium and tegula orange- buff, remainder of thorax benzo-brown. Abdomen above and beneath pinkish buff. Pectus pale pinkish buff. Legs light buff to warm buff. Forewing benzo- brown ; terminal area rather narrowly maize-yeUow (width at vein M3, J mm.), wider across the apex, and continued narrowly along the costa ; fringe maize- yellow. Hindwing light buff, the basal two-thirds very lightly shaded with benzo-brown ; fringe light buff. Underside of forewing as on upperside, but the benzo-brown area more pale, and the maize-yellow replaced by light buff. Underside of hindwmg, and fringe, light buff.
$. Resembles the (J in facies. Anal tuft orange-buff. Light buff area on upperside of hindwing restricted to the distal fourth of the wing, and its division from the benzo-brown area better defined than hi the (^. Underside of huidwing with basal two-thirds benzo-brown.
Expanse : ^J 20 mm., $ 25 mm.
1 ^ (holotype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,500 ft., 12. ix. 1929; 1 $ (allo- type). Eraser's Hill, Pahang, 4,200 ft., at light, 4.vii.l931 ; both taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Types kincUy presented to British Museum.
Evidently resembles E. puinilia v. Eecke (1928), of which, however, I have seen no examples. In E.pumilia the hindwing appears to be entirely dark apart from the fringe, wlule in the forewing the light area is also more restricted than in the present species.
91. Aroa lithosioides Wlkr.
Amaacta lithosioides Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 127 (1862). Aroa lithosioides Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 303 (1915).
Type, cJ, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 (J, Malacca (Kiinstler) ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
80 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
92. Aroa scytodes sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 44).
(J. Palpus and head capucine-yellow. Anteniial shaft drab, the pectinations darker. Patagiuni capucuie-yeUow, remainder of thorax buckthorn-brown. Abdomen Front's brown, anal tuft capucine-yellow. Pectus, venter and legs warm buff mixed with buckthorn-brown, the front of the pectus capucine-yellow. Forewing Dresden brown ; on the discocellulars a conspicuous patch of light buff ; terminal area for a depth of about 1 mm. antimony-yellow, this colour contmued narrowly for a short distance along the costa and inner margin ; fringe light buff mixed with antimony-yeUow. Hmdwing Prout's brown ; fringe as in forewing. Underside of both wmgs snuff-brown ; a small light buff patch on the discocellulars of the forewing ; terminal area of forewing and fringes of both wings as on upperside.
Expanse : 28 mm.
1 3" (holotype), Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak, at light, 1,800 ft., 26. ii. 1924 (H. M. Pendlebm-y) ; F.M.S. Museum. Presented to British Museum.
May be placed near to Aroa lithosioides Wlkr. (1862).
93. Aroa socrus Geyer.
Gynaephora socrus Geyer, Zutrdge Exot. Schmett. v, p. 12, figs. 837-838 (1837). Aroa socrus Geyer, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 304, pi. 47a (1915).
Type, cJ, Java.
1 cJ, 3,500 ft., 19. vi. 1921, Gunong Jerai, Kedah ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The Assam form, A. substrigosa Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M . iv, p. 794 (1855), has been treated by most writers as a synonym of the Javanese A. socrus. I have compared the ,^ genitalia of three Javanese specimens, two Assam specimens, one from Hongkong and the above-mentioned specimen from Malaya, but there is so much individual variation that the result is rather inconclusive. In colora- tion, however, the Javanese c?c? ^r^ readily separable from the Indian, and I have no hesitation in treating them as distinct.
The smgle Malayan specimen is considerably rubbed, but appears to agree with A. socrus in coloration, whUe in the genitalia it also agrees better with the Javanese than the Assam form.
94. Cassidia obtusa Wlkr.
Cassidia oUusa Wlkr., Proc. Linn. Soc. Land. {Zool.), vi, p. 130 (18G2); Swinhoe. A.M.N.H. (ix), 11, p. 83 (1923).
Type, (^, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
6 (J (J, Singapore ; 1 ^, Sungei Ujong ; in British Museum. 1 ^J, Kuala Piiah ; 1 ^, Batang Padang, Perak ; 1 (J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
A good series of C. obtusa, taken in Sarawak, is in the British Museum.
On the pin of the type at Oxford is a note in Hampson's writing : " sinks to Dura albicans Wlkr.," but this statement is clearly an error.
C. obtusa Ls omitted by Strand in Seitz, but under the name of Aroafenestricu- lata Strand (1910) an insect is included, from Central Sumatra, which is evidently close to it or possibly identical, but of which I have not seen a specimen.
I am of opinion that Walker's genus Cassidia should be retained for the present species.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 81
95. Scarpona ennomoides Wlkr.
Scarpona ennomoides Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 123 (1862) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d.
Erde, x, p. 316 (1915). Topomem suhinanis Wlkr., List. Lep. Ins. B.M. xxxr, p. 1921 (1866) ; Seitz, I.e., p. 332, pi. 39b
(1915).
Type, $, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
Type (subinanis), $, Java, in British Museum.
4 cJcJ- 1 9. Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 ^, Mt. Ophir ; 1 (^, Perak ; 1 (J, Malay Peninsula ; 1 9, Penang ; in Tring MiLseum. 1 (J, Kuala Tahan ; 1 ?, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ?, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
An examination of the genitalia of (JcJ from Sarawak, Java and Singapore shows no distinction on which forms could be separated.
I have recently published the information (Nov. Zool. xxxvii, 2, p. 179, 1932) that T. subinanis Wlkr. sinks to 8. ennomoides Wlkr.
96. Numenes contrahens Wlkr.
Numenes contrahens Wlkr., Joum. Linn, Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 122 (1862) ; Seitz, Grossschm, d. Erde, x, p. 316 (1915).
Type, cJ, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 (J, Government HiU, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 ^J, Bukit Fraser, Pahang ; 1 o, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 (J, without data ; in F.M.S. Museum.
These Malayan specimens match a series of 6 (J(J m the British Museum from the Barisan Range, S.W. Sumatra. They are somewhat larger than Walker's type, with a broader border to the hindwing, and may prove to be separable as a geographical race.
Although N. contrahens is represented in the present paper only by i^^J, and N. siletti only by $$, the two species are certainly distinct.
■ 97. Numenes siletti Wlki-.
Numenes siletti Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iii, p. 663 (1855) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 317 (1915).
Type, 9, SUhet, in British Museum.
1 $, Perak ; in British Museum. 1 $, Gunong Tahan ; in Tring Museum. 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I oan see no reason for separating these insects from Assam specimens, although the subtermmal markings on the hindwing are more extensive than in any Indian examples I have examined, running from the costa to vein if 2, and from vein Cul almost to the anal vein.
98. Cobanilla phaedra sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 24).
cJ. Palpus slightly upturned, English red. Antennal shaft ochraceous- tawny, pectinations buckthorn-brown. Frons Enghsh red, vertex pale yellow- orange. Thorax and abdomen, above and beneath, pale yellow-orange. Legs missing in the type. Forewing tawny, mixed in the basal area with pale yellow- orange ; basal half of costa English red ; fringe tawny, tipped with auburn. Hindwing ochraceous-bufE, fringe tawny. Underside of forewing pale yellow-
6
82 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
orange ; the costal area to the upper margin of the cell and vein Ml, also narrowly along the termen, but not including the apex, orange-rufous ; fringe orange -rufous. Underside of hindwing pale yellow-orange, distal half of wmg, from the costa at one-half to the anal angle, orange-rufous ; fringe orange-rufous mixed with pale yellow-orange.
Expanse : 27 mm.
1 (^ (holotype). Waterfall Valley, Penang, March-April 1898 (Curtis); in Truig Museum.
Related to Cobanilla marginata Moore (1883), but much more richly coloured.
99. Laelia suffusa VVlkr.
Ricine mfnm Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 824 (1855).
Uielia siiffvsa Wlkr., Seitz. Grossschm. d. Erde. x, p. .306, pi. 42d (1915).
Type, $, Java, in British Maseum.
3 c?c?! 2 ??, larvae feeding on padi, 12 .xii. 1924, Parit Buntar (Corbett and Gater) ; 1 ^, Penang ; I $, Kuala Ketil, Kedah ; in British Museum. 1 (^, Singapore; in Berlin Museum. 1 $, 2,000-3,000 ft., Gunong Ijau ; 1 $, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 ^J^J, 1 $, Lanka wi Islands ; 1 ^, Alor Star, Kedah ; 2 $?, Taiping ; m F.M.S. Museum.
The life-history of this insect has been described in " A Note on Laelia suffusa Wlkr. damaging Padi," by A. R. Gater and Mohammed Yusope, Malayan Agric. Journ. xiii, p. 72 (1925). In this paper the determination of the species is regarded as provisional.
The type of L. suffusa is a $, and Malayan $9, in the limited material before me, have a whiter forewing than the Javanese. The genitalia do not appear to differ.
In the male sex, the hindwing of the Javanese insect is usually lighter than that of the Malayan, and the expanse rather greater. The genitalia again do not appear to differ.
In these circinnstances I am using the name of L. suffusa for the Malayan insect, although the comparison of large series might possibly show racial distinction.
100. Laelia atestacea Hamps.
Laelia atestacea Hamps., Fauna Br. India, i, p. 443 (1893) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 306,
pi. 42c (1915). Harapa teslacea Moore, Lep. Coll. Atk. p. 47 (1879) (praeoce.).
Type, $, DarjUing.
1 (J, 1904, Malacca (J. Waterstradt) ; in British Museum. 1 ^, at light, 21.x. 1925, Kuala Lumpur (A. Seimund) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
A comparison of the limited material available gives no grounds for dis- tinguishing a Malay form of this species.
101. Laelia adara Moore.
Procodeca adara Moore. Cat. Lep. Mns. E.l.C. ii, p. 337 (1859). Laelia adara Moore, Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 307, pi. 42d (1915).
Type, $, Java, in British Museum.
1 ?, at light, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 83
102. Laelia melantera sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 9).
(J. Palpus porrect, sayal brown. Antenna well developed, shaft snuff- brown, pectinations Saccardo's umber. Head, thorax and abdomen sayal brown, legs somewhat darker. Forewing buckthorn-brown ; faint interneural sayal-brown patches in the angles of veins ilf 2 to Cu2 ; fringe buckthorn-brown. Hindwmg and fringe tawny-olive. Underside of both wmgs, and fringes, buck- thorn-brown ; a faint light patch on the discocellulars of the forewing, the inner marginal area also lighter.
$. Resembles <^, but on the upperside of forewing there is a patch on the discocellulars slightly lighter than the ground-colour. Hindwing and fringe pinkish buff, considerably Ughter than the forewing.
Expanse : (J 29 mm., $ 37 mm.
1 (^ (holot3T3e), Smigei Ujong (Durnford) ; in British Museum. 1 $ (aOo- type), Kuala Tahan, Pahang, March 1921 (E. Seimund) ; F.M.S. Museum, kindly presented to British Museum.
Resembles Laelia adara Moore (1859), but a much darker insect.
103. Laelia venosa Moore (plate I, fig. 12).
Laelia venosa Moore, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 601 (1877) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 307 (1915).
Type, cj, S. Andamans, in British Museum.
1 5, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 q, 3,000 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; ui Tring Museum. 2 ^J^J, Taiping ; 1 (J, 1 $, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum.
104. Dasychira costiplaga Wlkr.
Lacida costiplaga Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.), vi, p. 126 (1862).
Dasychira chalana costiplaga Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 297. pi. 38b (1915).
Type, o> Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 cJ, Taipmg ; 1 ^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 2 ^^, 3,200-3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum. 2 $?, Layang Layang, Johore ; coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur.
A comparison of these Malayan specimens with a series from Sarawak shows no distinction in facies, and this has been confirmed by a comparison of the (^ genitalia of two Sarawak and two Malayan specimens.
Dasychira costalis Wlkr. (1855), type $ (not (J as stated in original descrip- tion), Java, in British Museum, approaches rather closely to D. costiplaga Wlkr. in markings and general appearance. The genitaUa, however, show striking distinctions in form of valve and uncus, and leave no doubt that the two are distinct.
Of D. chalana Moore (1859), type $, Java, in British Museum, I have seen only Moore's original pair of specimens. Both markings and J genitaUa seem to show specific distinction from D. costalis Wlkr., but further specimens might perhaps show the differences to be individual. D. chalana is quite distinct from D. costiplaga.
105. Dasychira mendosa Hiibn.
Olene mendosa Hiibn., Ziilr. Ex. Schimll. ii, p. 19, figs. 293 and 294 (1823). Dasychira mendosa Hiibn., Seitz, Grossschm, d. Erde, x, p. 292, pi. 38a (1915).
Type, 9, Java.
1 9, Kuala Lumpur, larva on Aleuriies montana ; in British Museum. 3 J^^J, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 $, Singapore ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
g4 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
106. Dasychira osseata Wlkr.
Orgyia osseata Wlkr., Joum. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool.), vi, p. 125 (1862). Dasychira osseata Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 301 (1915).
Type, o, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
34 ^,^, Singapore ; in British Museum. 2 cJcJ, Penang ; 1 cj. Padang Rengas ; in Tring Museum. 2 (JcJ. Singapore ; 6 (J^, Kuala Lumpur ; 2 ^^, 3,400-3,450 ft., BukitKutu, Selangor; 1 ^, 3,000-3,500 ft., Kedah Peak ; 1 <J, near Jitra, Kedah ; 1 cJ, 1.800 ft., Batang Padang, Perak ; 1 ^, Taiping ; in F.M.S. Museum. 1 ^, 15. i. 1927, larva feeding on Annona muricata, and 1 $, 13.11. 1925, larva feeding on Guava, Kuala Lumpur ; in coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur.
The cJ of this species is very variable. Some specimens are only with diffi- culty separated from the next species (q.v.), and its relationships have entailed the making of many genitalia sUdes and much careful comparison.
Dasychira albiplaga Swinh. (Seitz, x, pi. 38e) is represented in the British Museum by the type S and $ (Java) and a second $. The o genitalia show that this insect has at least subspecific distinction from D. osseata, while the expanse of the (J D. albiplaga Is slightly greater and the pattern on the fore wing not truly duplicated in any specimen of the above series. The $$ named by Swlnhoe as D. albiplaga resemble each other, and are so like the cJ in pattern that he has used almost the same description for both sexes. The $ of D. osseata, on the other hand, is a very different insect from the (J. I have discussed D. albiplaga for the reason that van Eecke's figures of that species, in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. vii, figs. 7a to 7e, appear to me in every respect to represent D. osseata, and not D. albiplaga, which he has evidently misidentified.
D. osseata resembles in both sexes D. mendosa Hbn., but the latter can be separated by its much larger size.
107. Dasychira araea sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 43).
J. Palpus, head, thorax and abdomen bistre mixed sparsely with snuff-brown and pinkish buff, and with fuscous dorsal tufts on basal segments of abdomen. Antennal shaft tawny-olive, pectinations fuscous. Pectus and venter pinkish buff. Legs pinkish buff to clay-colour, with fuscous patches on the outersides. Forewing snuff-brown ; an irregular bistre subbasal fascia ; a patch of bistre below the cell between subbasal and antemedial, not visible in all specimens ; an irregular bistre antemedial fascia crossing the wing to the inner margin at one- haK ; a light patch between antemedial and postmedial, from vein C'u2 to the inner margin, not visible in all specimens ; some Indistmct bistre spots round the dlscoceUulars ; a crenulate bistre postmedial fascia, bowed round the discocellu- lars to vein C«2, thence oblique outwardly to the inner margin ; some interneural bistre streaks between postmedial and termen, that below vein Cu2 being the most conspicuous and having a sjwt of white at its distal end ; fringe snuff-brown, bistre interneurally. Hindwing and fringe snuff-brown. Underside of both wings pinkish buff, with an indistinct darker postmedial fascia ; fringes pinkish buff, mixed interneurally on the forewing with bistre.
5. Much Ughter than the (J, with a very narrow forewing ; subbasal, ante- medial and postmedial fasclas are as in the ^, and the patch of bistre below the
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 85
cell between subbasal and antemedial is conspicuous ; there is a further patch of bistre below the costa just beyond the postmedial.
Expanse : c?c? 26-29 mm., $ 43 mm.
1 (? (holotype) 5. v. 1931, 1 ? (allotype) 2.xi.l921, Kuala Lumpur; and the following paratypes : 4 (^^^ January 1931, 1 cj April 1931, 1 ^ May 1931, 1 cJ August 1931, 1 ^ October 1921, all Kuala Lumpur ; 2 ^^, 3,500 ft., Kedah Peak, March 1928; 1 ,3, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 15. iv. 1920; 1 cJ, near Jitra, Kedah, 1 1 .iv . 1928 ; all taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Types and one paratype presented to British Museum.
In the (^ sex slightly larger than D. ossmla Wlkr., and with a darker hind- wing. The subsidiary arm of the valve is longer than the main arm, whereas in D. osseata it is considerably shorter. In the latter species there is a short spine at the middle of the subsidiary arm of the valve, which is not present in D. araea.
108. Dasychira alampeta sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 20).
(J. Palpus snufE-brown. Antennal shaft bistre, pectinations Saccardo's umber. Head and thorax bistre mixed with snuff-brown. Abdomen snuff - brown. Pectus, venter and legs tawny-olive, the foreleg darker. Forewing snufif-brown, irrorated in an irregular manner with bistre ; a patch of bistre in the subbasal area ; an antemedial fascia formed of two poorly defined and irregular lines of bistre ; a fairly distinct bistre postmedial fascia, somewhat broken up into spots, except towards the costa, where it is broader and more distinct ; fringe bistre, mixed with snuff-brown at the vein-ends. HindwLng and fringe snufE-brown. Underside of both wings somewhat lighter than upperside of hindwing ; forewing with proximal three-fourths of costa narrowly marked with bistre, and a patch of the same colour postmedially ; fringe of both wings mixed Lnterneurally with bistre.
Expanse : ^^ 21-29 mm.
1 o (holotype) and 1 ^ (paratype), near Jitra, Kedah, 8. and 10. iv. 1928 ;
1 ^ (paratype), 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 13. iv. 1926 ; all taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; 2 ^^ (paratypes), 3,400 ft., Bukit Kutu, August 1915 ; 2 ^^ without data ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
109. Dasychira pennatula Fabr.
Bomhyx pennatvla Fabr., Ent. Sysl. iii. 1. p. 465 (1793).
Dasychira securis Hiibn., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 11.5, pi. 22c (1910).
Type, (J, India, in the Museum of the Cbpenhagen University. (See Auri- vilUus on Fabrician types, Entom. Tirskrift, p. 157, No. 114, 1897.)
2 (J (J, Kuala Ketil, Kedah ; in British Museum.
110. Dasychira horsfieldii Saund.
Arctia horsfieldii Saund., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 162 (1851).
Dasychira horsfieldii Saund., Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 292, pi. 38 (1915).
Type, tJ, Java, in British Museum.
9 ,^(J, 2 9$, Singapore ; 1 J, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak ; 1 $, Malacca ; 1 ?, Penang ; in British Museum. 1 $, Kuala Kangsar, Perak ; in Oxford Museum.
2 <?cJ. 1 $> Bukit Kutu, Selangor; 1 ^, Penang; in Tring Museum. 2 (^^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 c?, 4,200 ft., Eraser's Hill, Pahang ; 1 ^,
86 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
4,800 ft., Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands ; 2 ??, Taiping, Perak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The genitalia of (J specimens from Java, Sumatra, Malaya, Sarawak and Ceylon have been compared, and reveal no subspecific difference. The teeth on the clasping process of the valve vary somewhat in size and spacing, but this appears to be individual rather than racial.
111. Dasychira vaneeckei sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 32).
(J. Palpus ochraceous-buff, on the outer side fuscous. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations tawny-olive. Head and thorax yellowish olive. Abdomen pale yellow-orange, with yellowish-olive dorsal tufts on the basal segments. Pectus light buff, in front orange-buff. Foreleg yellowish olive, on the inner side of femur and tibia orange-buff ; middleleg yellowish oUve mixed with light buff ; hindleg light buff, with fuscous patches on the outside of tibia and tarsus. Venter light buff. Forewing yellowish olive, grading in distal half of wing to light brownish olive ; a faint dark line roiuid the discoceUulars, the space filled in with yellowish olive ; faint dark subterminal and preterminal fasciae, crenate, points on the veins, concavities terminad ; fringe light brownish olive. Hindwing light orange-yellow ; a fuscous patch on the discoceUulars ; a broad fuscous subterminal fascia, broken between veins M'i and Cu2, and finishing at the anal angle ; fringe light buff. Underside of both wings light buff ; a fuscous patch on both discoceUulars ; the subbasal fascia on upperside of hindwing reproduced below in a reduced form ; fringes light buff.
$. Resembles the J.
Expanse : (J (J 42-44 mm., $ 68 mm.
1 cJ (holotype) 18.iii.l931, and 2 ^^ (paratypes) 19.iii.l931 and 20. iv. 1926, Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500 ft. ; 1 $ (allotype), Kuala Lumpur, 7.ii.I922; all taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Types presented to British Museum.
In the British Museum is a series of 5 {J^ from Korintji Peak, Sumatra, apparently of this species.
Allied to Dasychira virescens Moore (1879), from which it may be distinguished by the absence of the dark preterminal fascia on the hindwing.
112. Dasychira amydra Collnt.
Dasychira amydra Collnt., Nov. Zool. xxxvii, 2, p. 175 (1932).
Type, (J, Palawan, in Tring Museum.
1 cJ, Selangor ; in British Museum. 1 (J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 ^, 4,800 ft., Tanah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Agrees well in facies with Philippine specimens. I have not seen a $ from Malaya.
113. Dasychira inclusa Wlkr.
Dasychira inclusa Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. vii, p. 1737 (1856) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 293,
pi. 38a (1915). Dasychira asvata Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. ii, p. 340 (1859) ; Seitz. I.e.. p. 296, pi. 38b (1915).
Type (inchusa), ^, Java, in British Museum. Type (asvata), ,^, Java, in British Museum. 1 <£', Singapore ; 1 ^, Bindings ; in British Museum. 1 (^, Kuala Lumpur ;
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. , 87
1 (5', Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 3*, 22.1.1931, Saba Bernam, larva feeding on Elasis guineensis ; 1 (^, 2 $$, 1 2 . i . 1 930, Layang Layang, Johore, larva feeding on Derris sp. ; in coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur. 2 ^J^J, Singapore ; 1 i^, Kuala Pilah, Negri Sembilan ; 3 ^i^, 3,400-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ;
2 J (j", Kuala Lumpur ; 1 J, Kuala Krau ; 1 ,^, Kedah Peak ; in F, M.S. Museum.
There is considerable variation in the appearance of the insects in this series, but a comparison of the genitalia of six Malayan (^^, and of a Javanese and a Malayan $, does not show grounds for splitting up. Preparations have also been made from the types of D. indiisa and D. asvata, which show that the latter must sink. The white network on the forewuig of the type of D. asvata, well shown in the illustration in Seitz, is an individual variation found in differing degrees in other specimens.
114. Dasychira cerigoides Wlkr.
Janassa cerigoides Wlkr., Jonrn. Linn. Soc. Land. (Zool), vi, p. 13.5 (1862) (,J). Dasychira cerigoides Wlkr., Seitz. Grossschm.. d. Erde, x, p. 296 (1915). Lymanlria galinara Swinh., Trams. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 490 (1903) (?. nee ^J).
Type, (Jj Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
3 $9, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 ^, Singapore ; in Tring Museum. 2 $9. Singapore ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. 2 (^^, 2 9?, Singapore ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The 9 of this species, hitherto unidentified, was found to have been described in error as the allotype of Lyviantria galinara Swinh.
A comparison of the (J genitalia of two Malayan, two Sarawak and one Sumatran specimen shows no character on which they can be separated, although there is a certain amount of individual variation.
In Seitz, x, p. 299, Singapore is mentioned as a locality for Dasychira grossa Pag., but I think it probable that this record actually relates to D. cerigoides.
115. Dasychira diplozona sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 28).
(^. Palpus uptiu-ned, bistre, distally pinkish buff. Antennal shaft white mixed distally with ochraceous-tawny ; pectinations ochraceous-tawny. Head and thorax whitish mixed sparsely with fuscous, giving an effect of pale smoke- grey. Abdomen Prout's brown, distal segments mixed with whitish ; anal tuft pale smoke-grey. Pectus and legs pale smoke-grey, femora and tibiae frmged with long bushy hair-scales. Venter pinkish buff. Forewing whitish : an ante- medial fascia composed of a double line of Prout's brown, the inner line almost straight across the wing, the outer line irregular, the Prout's brown replaced by fuscous above the lower margin of the cell, where the outer line runs oblique outwardly to the costa and the interspace is filled in with cinnamon-brown ; a faint Prout's brown patch on the costa just before the discocellulars ; a Prout's brown postmedial fascia, curved outwardly from the costa to vein M 1 , thence crenate inwardly to vein Cu2, thence outwardly oblique to the inner margin ; a Prout's brown streak on the costa just beyond the postmedial fascia ; a Prout's brown subterminal fascia, roughly equidistant from the termen for its whole length, but irregular between veins M2 to Cul ; fringe whitish. Hindwing Prout's brown, inner marginal area slightly darker ; fringe whitish mixed sparsely with Prout's brown. Underside of both wings whitish, mixed in an irregular manner with Prout's brown, the latter almost absent towards the termen, but
88 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
with the veins marked with Prout's brown and with a terminal line of the same colour ; costa of forewing and both fringes whitish.
Expanse : cJ(J 44-49 mm.
1 cJ (holotype) 18. iii. 1931, and 1 (J (paratype) 12. iv. 1926, 3,500 ft., Bnkit Kntu, Selangor ; 1 ^ (paratype), 23.x. 1921, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^ (paratype), 15. iii. 1928, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; all taken at light by H. M. Pendlebury ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
Allied to Dasychira poslfu.sca Swinh. (1895), but the forewing lighter and the antemedial fascia doubled below the cell, whereas in D. postjusca it is represented only by the outer line.
116. Dasychira strigata Moore.
Dasychira strigata Moore, Up. Coll. Atk: p. 58 (1879) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 295 (1915).
Type, ?, Masuri, Garhwal, in British Museum.
1 (J, Kuala Lumpur ; in F.M.S. Museum, Kuala Lumpur (ex coll. Agric. Dept.).
This specimen does not differ in facies from Indian examples, but is very large in expanse (63 mm.).
It is surprising that only a single example of such a conspicuous species should occur in the present collection. The data on the specimen are as given above, but the occurrence should perhaps be treated with reserve until confirmed by other captures.
117. Dasychira angulata Hamps.
Dasychira angvlata Hamps., Trans. Enl. Soc. Land. p. 292 (1895); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 295, pi. 38e (1915).
Type, cj. Sikkim, in British Museimi.
1 (J, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 S, Penang ; in Trmg Museum. 1 ^, Kuala Pilah ; 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Kuala Pilah, Selangor ; 1 $, 6,000 ft., Gunong Benom, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The British Museum collection contains only one ^ and one ? from India. Van Eecke has included Sumatra, Java and Borneo in the range of this species, and Malayan specimens appear to conform.
118. Dasychira zelotica sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 49).
(J. Palpus porrect, ochraceous-bu£f, mixed on the outerside with fuscous. Antenna large, the shaft light buff, pectmations ochraceous-tawny. Head and thorax light buff. Abdomen snuff-brown. Pectus, venter and legs light buff ; the legs on outerside spotted with fuscous. Forewing whitish, irrorated with sayal brown and snuff-brown ; an indistinct wavy antemedial fascia, indicated by an increase in the irroration ; discocellulars faintly outlined with sayal brown ; faint bistre postmedial and preterminal fascias, crenate, points on the veins, concavities terminad ; fringe whitish, marked interneurally with bistre. Hind- wing snuff-brown ; fringe somewhat lighter, marked interneurally with bistre. Underside of both wings light buff mixed with snuff-brown ; a patch of bistre on the discocellulars of both wings ; fringes light buff marked interneurally with bLstre.
$. Fasciae on forewing less distinct and hindwing lighter than in the J. The dark interneural markings on the fringes of both wings more plainly marked than in the (J-
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 89
Expanse : (^ 55 mm., $ 69 mm.
1 c? (holotype), Kuala Lvmipur, ex coll. Agric. Dept. ; 1 $ (allotype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3, .500 ft., 14. iv. 1926 (H. M. Pendlebiiry) ; F.M.S. Museum. Tjrpes pre.sented to British Museum.
Resembles a DasycMroide.s in appearance but has the venation of a Dasy- chira. The termina in both sexes are evenly curved, not angled as in D. angulata Hamps.
119. Dasychira tristis Heyl.
Dasychira tristis Heyl., Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 36, p. 12 (1892) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 296
(1915). Dasychira anaha Swinh., A.M.N.H. (7), xviii, p. 406 (1906) ; Seitz, I.e.. x, p. 296, pi. 38e (1915).
Type, 5, Padang, Sumatra, in Leiden Museum. Type (anaha), ^, Padang, Sumatra, in British Museum. 1 (S, Kuala Lumpiu-, 12. xi. 1928 (G. H. Corbett) ; in coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur.
120. Dasychira viridis Druce.
Dasychira viridis Druce, A.M.N.H. (7), iii. p. 470 (1899) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde. x, p. 295 (1915).
Type, (J, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak, in British Museum.
1 3, 2,260 ft., Penang ; in British Museum. 3 ,^ J, 3,000 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 cj, 2,000-3,000 ft., Gmiong Ijau ; 4 (^^, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 1 c?, Ulu Langat, Selangor ; 12 ^^, 3,400-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu ; 1 9, Gombok Valley, Kuala Lumpur; 1 J, 1 $, 1,800 ft., Batang Padang, Perak; 1 (J, Taiping ; 1 $, 4,200 ft., Eraser's Hill, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I have little doubt that this species will sink to Dasychira baruna Moore (1859), the type $ of which, from Java, is in the British Museum collection. I have been unable to obtain a Javanese ^ for comparison, and failing this have been obliged to leave the question open.
121. Dasychira callima sp. nov. (jilate II, fig. 39).
cj. Palpus tawny-olive, orange-buff beneath at the base, fascous on the outerside and above. Antennal shaft deep lichen-green, pectinations buckthorn- brown. Head tawny-olive, vertex j'ellowish olive. Thorax yellowish olive, mixed centrally with warm sepia ; tegula distally warm sepia. Abdomen above and beneath warm buff, with dorsal tufts on the basal segments of yellowish olive mixed with fuscous-black ; anal tuft warm buff. Pectus warm buff, orange-buff in front. Legs tawny-olive ; foreleg on the outerside yellowish olive ; tarsus of hindleg whitish. Forewing yellowish olive, grading in distal half of wing to buffy olive ; some indistinct light markings along the costa ; a fuscous line round the discocellulars ; indistinct fuscous postmedial, subterminal and pre- terminal fasciae, crenate, points on the veins, concavities terminad ; a series of terminal interneural fuscous spots ; fringe tawny-olive, interneurally fuscous. Hmdwing warm sejjia ; fringe warm buff. Underside of forewing warm sepia ; costal area narrowly, inner marginal and terminal areas broadly, light buff ; fringe as on upperside. Underside of hindwing warm sepia ; fringe warm buff, this colour also narrowly invading the terminal area.
Expanse : 38 mm.
90 NovaTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
1 (J (holotype), Cameron's Highlands, Pahang, 20.x. 1928, larva feeding on Cinchcma sucdruhra (G. H. Corbett). Presented to the British Museum by the Imperial Institute of Entomology.
Somewhat resembles Dasychira chloroptera Hamps. (1893), but smaller, and the broad terminal band of warm buff on the hindwing replaced by a fringe only of this colour.
122. Malachitis preangerensis Heyl.
Dasychira (Mardara) preangerensis Heyl., C.R. Soc. Eni. Belg. 36. i, p. 13 (1892) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 296 (1915) ; van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 98, pi. ix, figs. 17 and 17a (1928).
Type, $, Java, in Leiden Museum.
1 cJ, at light, 4,800 ft., 20. v. 1931, Tana Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum. Expanse : 39 mm.
The type of Malachitis rnelanochlora Hamps. (1895), which is in the British Museum, is a small rubbed ,^ from Bhutan. In the British Museum is a further (J from the Khasis, which agrees well with a j' from Java and the Malayan specimen recorded above. I have little doubt that M . rnelanochlora is a synonym oi M . preangerensis, but the material is insufficient for a definite pronouncement.
123. Mardara ruficeps Hamps. (plate I, fig. 19).
Mardara ruficeps Hamps., Fauna of Bnt. India, iv, p. 489 (1896) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde. x, p. 300 (1915).
Type, $, Bhutan, in British Museum.
I 9, Perak (Hartert) ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
The type of this species is considerably rubbed, but the Malayan specimen appears to match it very weU. I have seen no other examples.
When a longer series is available, a transfer to another genus will be required. In the forewing, vein -Rl rises beyond the areole from the stalk of B2-R5 ; and in the hindwing, M3-Cul and Rs-M\ are each on a long stalk.
The illustration shows the Perak specimen.
124. Pida decolorata Wlki-.
Cyclidia. (?) decolorata Wlkr., Char. Undescr. Lep. Met. p. 96 (1869). Pida decolorata Wlkr.. Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 315 (1915).
Type, (^, near Benares, in Devon and Exeter Museum.
1 9, at light, 4,000 ft., 6.vii. 1931, Fraser's Hill, Pahang (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
This single Malayan $ is within the range of variation of Indian specimens. The postmedial fascia on the forewing is scarcely visible.
125. Pida strigipennis limbata subsp. nov.
(J. Easily distinguished from the dark form of the N. Indian J by its larger size and broad border of light buff (width about 3 mm.) in the terminal area of the hindwing. The underside of the forewing is entirely light buff.
$. Perhaps not distinguishable by colour or marking from the variable N. Indian $, but in size the present allotype is considerably larger than any Indian $ in the British Museum series.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 91
Expanse : ^ (holotype) 51 mm. (3 N. Indian ^J^J of dark form, 37-41 mm.), 9 (allotype) 67 mm., 9 (paratype ; deformed ?) 50 mm.
1 cJ (holotype), Jor Camp, Batang Padang, Perak, 1,800 ft., 8.iii.l924; 1 ? (paratype), Kuala Lumpur, 10. iv. 1931, both at light (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. 1 $ (allotyise), Singapore (H. N. Ridley) ; British Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
Apparently this is the Malayan race of the N. Indian species. The Indian rj' has two forms, both of which are in the British Museum from Assam. The dark form was described by Leech in Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 128 (1899), while the light form, strongly resembling the $, seems to have been noted first by Hampson in Faun. Br. India, i, p. 457 (1893). These two forms do not appear to differ in the genitalia.
126. Orgyia turbata Butl.
Orgyia turbata Butl., Trans. Linn. Soc. Loiul. (2), i, p. 560 (1879) ; Seitz, arossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 300, pi. 42h (1915).
Type, cj, Malacca, in British Museum.
6 c?(J, Penang ; 3 rjcj. Province Wellesley ; 1 (J, Perak ; 1 (3', Malacca ; 3 cJ^, Sungei Way ; 1 ^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, Serdang ; in British Museum. 10 <^(J, Penang ; 2 (^^, Perak ; 1 ^, Kuala Lumpur ; 2 J^, Gunong Tahan ; in Tring Museum. 2 ^^, Malacca ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. 10 t$^, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^J, Kuala Tahan ; 1 ^J, Jitra, Kedah ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The 9 has aborted wings.
For the life-history and a discussion of the insect as a possible pest of rubber, see Corbett and Dover in Malayan Agric. Journal, xv, p. 240 (1927).
127. Orgyia postica Wlkr.
Lacida postica. Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv. p. 803 (1855).
Orgyia postica Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 301, pi. 42i (1915).
Type, cJ, East Indies, in British Museum.
1 c?> Singapore ; 1 (J, Negri Sembilan ; in British Museum. 1 <^, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 ^Jc?, Kuala Lumpur ; 2 ^^, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 4 ^^, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; 1 cJ, Langkawi Islands ; in F.M.S. Museum.
128. Orgyia shelfordi sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 40).
(^. Palpus porrect, long and heavily haired, mummy-brown. Antenna mummy-brown, the pectinations widely spaced. Head, thorax, and abdomen above and beneath, mummy-brown. Pectus and legs pinkish buff. Upperside of both wings mummy-brown, the termina slightly darker ; a prominent dark spot on the discocellulars of the forewing ; fringes mummy-brown. Underside of both wings, and fringes, mummy-brown, the dark spot on the discocellulars faintly visible.
Expanse : cJJ 14J mm.
1 o (holotype) and 1 ^ (paratype), Larut Hills, Perak, 4,000-4, .500 ft., February-March 1905 (R. Shelf ord) ; in Oxford Museum. Paratype presented to British Museum.
92 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Resembles Orgyia tisdala Swinh. (1903). but smaller and darker, and with the apex of the forewing somewhat less rounded.
129. Pantana bicolor Wlki-.
Pantana bicolor Wtkr., List Lep. Iris. B.M. iv, p. 820 (1855).
Pantana semilwida Svrinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 439 (1903); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x,
p. 315 (1915). Etohetna lineosa Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. xxxii, p. 389 (1865). Pantana lineosa Wlkr., Seitz. I.e., p. 315 (1915).
Tjrpe {bicolor), ^, Java, in British Museum. In Walker's description this insect is said to be without locaUty, but a label on the specimen bears the museum number 40.4.3. 146 (i.e. 3rd April, 1840, specimen 146), and the museum register shows that it came from Java.
Type (lineosa), ^J, Singapore, in Oxford Museum.
2 (J (J, Penang ; 1 ^, Province Wellesley ; 1 (J, 1 $, Perak ; 2 ?$, Malacca ;
1 o, Johore ; 1 ^J, 2 9?> Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 (^, Penang ; 1 $, Taiping ; 1 o, 1 ?, 3,000 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in Tring Museum. 1 S,
2 $$, Malacca ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. & SS' Penang ; 5 cj J, 2,000- 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu ; 1 ^, Gunong Tampin ; 1 $, Gunong Pulai, Johore ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The c?(5 of this species from Penang have a white or nearly white hindwing, while in those from Singapore and the south of the peninsula the hindwing is dark. Intermediates occur in Selangor. The genitalia do not appear to show any distinction, and I have not separated the two forms.
Swinhoe states (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. p. 439, 1903) that Pantann bicolor Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M . iv, p. 820 (1855), is preoccupied by Pantann (Orgyia) bicolor Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 787 (1855). The latter (type in Oxford Museum) is, however, a Euproctis with an expanse of only 10 lines, an East Indian insect which is apparently rare, as it cannot be matched in the British Museum collection. Swinhoe's nom. nov. of P. semiliicida is therefore not required, and must sink.
The representation in Seitz, x, pi. 42a, 7th figure, which is named bicolor and altered in the errata on p. 314 to lineosa, and yet again on the last hne of p. 314 to semilucida, is in fact none of these three, but apparently Pantana delineata WUcr. (1855). The representation on Seitz, ii, pi. 20b, .5th figure, correctly repre- sents Pantana bicolor Wlkr. (1855), but the description with which the figure is associated, on p. 125, is of P. delineata Wlkr. !
130. Pantana baswana Moore.
Pantana baswana Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. ii. p. 336. pi. ixa, fig. 1 (1859) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 315, pi. 41g (1915).
Type, o, Java, in British Museum.
1 ?, at light, 2,000 ft., 21 .viii. 1922, Jor Camp, Perak (E. Seimund) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In this specimen the dark spotting and irroration on the upperside of fore- wing is less heavy than in Javanese $$ which I have seen. Although Javanese cJcJ greatly outnumber ?$ in collections, the (J does not seem to be known from Malaya.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 93
131. Pantana visum Hiibn.
Liparis visum Hiibn., Zutriige Ex. Schmett. iii, p. 33, figs. 543 and 544 (1825). Pantana lisum Hiibn., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 125 (1911).
2 (JcJ, Perak ; in British Museum. 1 (J, flying at 10 a.m., 18. iv. 1920, Kuala Lumpur (W. A. Lamborn) ; in Oxford Museum. 1 ^, 28.vii.1922, Kuala Lumpiu' (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
I have seen no $$ of this species, and they are probably wingless.
132. Sitvia denudata Wikr.
Silvia denudata Wlkr., List Lep. Ins, B.M. xxxii, p. 388 (1865) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 319, pi. 39e (1916).
Type, (J, Malacca, in Oxford Museum.
1 cj, Perak ; 1 cJ> Malacca ; 1 $, Penang ; 1 $, Singapore ; in British Museum. 1 ^J, Kuala Lumpur ; in Oxford Museum. 6 $$, Penang ; 1 $, C4xmong Ijau ; in Tring Museum. 3 ,^ J, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 $, 3,450 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 (J, 1,000 ft., Kedah Peak ; 1 $, Langkawi Islands ; in F.M.S. Museum.
133. Lymantria obsoleta Wlkr.
Lymanlria obsoleta Wlkr., List Lep. his. B.U. iv, p. 880 (1855) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, ii, p. 130 (1910).
Type, (S, N. India, in British Museum.
1 9, at light, 3,500 ft., 16. iv. 1926, Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendle- bury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The Malayan specimen appears to conform to this variable species, but in the absence of (J" c^ its exact position is uncertain. It has no pmk on the abdomen. The ovipositor is extruded, as in all other $$ of L. obsoleta that I have seen.
134. Lyniantria atemeles sp. nov. (plate II, figs. 36, 41).
(J. Palpus light buff, the first segment, and second segment on the outerside, Prout's brown. Antemia fuscous. Head light buff, the eye fringed on the mner- side with Prout's brown. Thorax light buff ; a line of capucine-yellow at the junction of head and thorax ; patagium Prout's brown laterally and a narrow band of the same colour dorsaUy ; a small patch of capucme-yellow dorsally just below the patagium, not present in some of the paratypes. Abdomen above and beneath light orange-yellow, with a series of fuscous spots laterally and a further series dorsally, the latter developing on the basal segments mto tufts. Pectus Prout's brown mixed with light orange -yellow. Legs Prout's brown, banded with light buff, and fringed with light buff hair -scales. Forewing snuff-brown, with numerous whitish markings, of which the following are the most prominent : a large patch in the subbasal area, reacliing from costa to inner margin, enclosing some snuff-brown spots ; a patch occupyuig the end of the cell, enclosing a snuff- brown spot and extending upwards to the costa ; a crenate postmedial fascia, concavities terminad, ends on the veins ; a crenate preterminal fascia, the Imiules between Ml and M3, and also C'ul and Cu2, larger than the remainder ; fringe snuff-brown, the vein-ends whitish. Hindwing light orange-yellow ; a snuff-
94 No-riTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
brown spot on the discocellulars, absent in some specimens ; costa and termen broadly bordered with snuff-brown, approximately 2^ mm. wide, narrowing at the anal angle ; within the border a whitish patch between veins Ciil and Cu2, and further smaller patches nearer the costa ; between the end of the cell and the marginal band the light orange-yellow is to some extent replaced by whitish ; frmge whitish, at the apex snuff-brown. Underside of both wings, and fringes, as on upperside, but on the hiiidwing the snuff-brown spot on the discocellulars is increased in size, while the light orange-yellow is replaced by whitish except in the cell and inner marginal area.
$. Resembles the o generally m pattern and appearance, but in the fore wing the large subbasal whitish patch does not enclose any spots, and the whitish post- medial fascia is broad and conspicuous. In the hindwing the light orange-yellow is entirely replaced by whitish excepting for a slight tmge basaUy on the inner margin, and there are no whitish markings enclosed i:i the marginal band.
Expanse : cJJ 39-48 mm., $$ 59-71 mm.
1 (5 (holotype) 16.iii.l898, 1 ? (allotype) 30.iii.l898, 2,260 ft., Penang (S. S. Flower) ; and the following paratypes : 1 5, Province Wellesley (H. N. Ridley) ; 1 (^ and 1 $, 8.ui.l927, Taiping, feeding on Mangifera indica (G. H. Corbett) ; in British Museum. 15 ,^^, 3 $$, Penang (Curtis), taken in the months March-May and November-December ; Trtng Museum. 1 J, Lankawi Islands, 29. iv. 1928 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 1 ^, Batu Gajah, 19.iii.l919 ; 2 $?, Taiping ; F.M.S. Museum.
This insect is perhaps nearest to Lyinantria marginata Wlkr. (1855), described from a SyUiet $. The $$ are distinct in detaUs of marking, one of these details, holding good for eight N. Indian and eight Malayan specimens which I have ex- amined, being the presence in the former of one or more white spots in the middle of the dark margin of the hindwing, these spots being entirely absent in the Malayan $$. In this respect, Butler's figure of the $, in 111. Lep. Het. v, pi. xc, fig. 13, is at fault, as the hindniargm is illustrated as spotless, the mistake being due to the damaged condition of the type.
The o of L. marginata has a dark, almost black, hindwing, while in L. atemeles the hindwing is light orange-yellow, having a dark border spotted with whitish.
135. Lymantria beatrix Stoll.
Bomhyx beatrix StoU, Suppl. Pap. Exot. p. 173, pi. 40, 6g. 2 (1790). Lymantria beatrix StoU, Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 325 (1923).
Lymantria ganaha Swinh., Trans. Ent. Soc. Land. p. 487 (19(i3) ; van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 101, pi. vii, fig. 11 (1928) ; Seitz, I.e., p. 325 (1923).
Type (beatrix), $, Batavia.
Tjrpe {ganaha), $, Java, in British Museum.
1 (^, 2 $?, Singapore ; in British Museum. 3 9?, Singapore ; 1 ?, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; m F.M.S. Museum.
Van Eecke (see reference above) states that he is inclined to unite L. beatrix Stoll and L. ganaha Swinh. There is a good series of Javanese $? in the British Museum, graduating from an insect agreeing well in appearance with StoU's figure, to Swinhoe's type which has a dark forewing. Moreover, the genitalia of the Ughter and darker form do not appear to differ. I have therefore had no hesitation in sinking L. ganaha Swinh.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 95
136. Lymantria capnodes sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 48).
1^. Palpus orange-buff, tipped with Prout's brown. Antenna mummy- brown. Head, thorax and abdomen Prout's brown. Peotu.s and venter tilleul- buff to light buff. Legs tilleul-buff fringed with snuff-brown, the distal half of foretibia marked with orange-buff. Forewing Prout's brown with the following markings of Saccardo's umber : a basal patch and a bowed (concavity basad) subbasal fascia, a sinuous antemedial fascia, a patch in the distal third of the cell containing a Prout's brown spot, indistinct postmedial and subterminal fasciae and a series of preterminal interneural markings ; fringe Prout's brown. Hind- wing and fringe bistre. Underside of both wings, and fringes, Prout's brown ; inner marginal area of forewing, below the cell and vein Cu2, ochraceous-buff.
Expanse : ^(^ 38-41 mm.
1 cJ (holotype) and 1 (^ (paratype), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, 3,500 ft., 6. and ll.ix.l929 (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype presented to British Museum.
This msect would ajjpear at first sight to be a dark rj form of one of the species in the L. beatrix group, but I cannot establish that this is the case, and have found it necessary to name it as a new species.
137. Lymantria pendleburyi sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 47).
^. Palpus orange-buff, with patches of orange-brown on the outer side of first and second segments. Antenna buckthorn-brown. Head and thorax whitish, the eye frmged with orange-buff, a line of the same colour at the junction of head and thorax, and a further line centrally across the thorax just below the patagium. Abdomen rather worn in all specimens of this series, but apparently orange-buff with a dark spot dorsally on each segment ; anal tuft whitish. Pectus orange-buff in front, light buff laterally. Femur of foreleg orange-buff, legs otherwise light buff, fringed with long whitish hair-scales. Forewhig whitish, crossed by numerous broad bands of snuff-brown, which from the inner margin to a point midway between vein Cii'2 and the anal vein are so broad as almost to exclude the ground-colour ; vems mamly whitish ; towards the end of the cell a round snuff-brown spot, and a dark >-shaped liiie on the discoceUulars ; on the distal side of the postmedial fascia a broad area free of markings, increasing in size towards the tomus ; a series of pretermmal interneural snuff-brown spots ; fringe whitish. Hindwing pale yellow-orange, darker in the inner marginal area ; traces of a dark striga on the discocellidars ; fringe whitish. Underside of both wings light buff ; costa of forewing and inner marginal area of hindwing more heavily scaled and darker ; fringes whitish.
Expanse : (J^J 46-56 mm.
1 S (holotype) and 1 ^ (paratype), at light, 3,300 ft., 14. and 18.iii.l928, Kedah Peak; 1 ^ (paratype), 3,500 ft., 6.ix.l929, Bukit Kutu, Selangor, all taken by H. M. Pendlebury ; 1 (J (paratype), 2,646 ft., November 1916, Gimong Kledang, Perak ; 1 ^ (paratype), Taiping (E. Seimund) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype and one paratype presented to the British Museum.
Resembles in pattern of forewing L. mathura Moore (1865), but with clearly marked differences of detail. Can be easily distinguished by the light antenna, the lighter appearance of the whole insect, and the fact that apart from the faint discoceUular striga the whole of the hindwing is unmarked.
96 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
138. Lymantria ganara Moore.
Lymunlria ganara Moore, Cal. Lep. 31 u^. E.I.C. ii, p. 344 (1859) ; Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erie, x, p.325 (1917) ; van Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 101, pi. viii, figa. 2 and 2a (1928).
Type, (J, Java, in British Museum.
2 c?(?, Singapore ; 2 (J(^, 1 ?, Malacca ; 1 ?, 2,000-3,500 ft., Perak ; 1 ?, Penang ; in British Museum. \ ^, 2 $$, Singapore ; 1 $, Malacca ; 1 (J, Penang ; in Tring Museum. 2 (J<;J, Taiping ; 1 (J, Trolak Forest Reserve, Sungkai ; in F.M.S. Museum.
139. Lymantria narindra Moore.
Lymantria narindra Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E.I.C. ii, p. 342 (1859); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 326 (1917).
Type, $, Java, in British Museum.
1 (J, Selangor ; 1 S> Taiping Hills ; in British Museum. 1 ^J, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
140. Lymantria singapm-a Swinh.
Lymantria singapura Swinh., A.M.X.H. (7), x-rii. p. 547 (1906) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 323 (1917).
Type, (J, Singapore, in British Museum.
1 (J, Singapore ; 1 cJ, Selangor ; 1 $ (neallotype), Malacca (J. Waterstradt, 1904, ex Oberthiir collection) ; 1 $, Penang ; in British Museum. 5 (^ J, Penang ; 1 (J, Gunong Tahan ; 1 ^, Pulau Tikus ; 1 J, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; m Tring Museum. 1 (J, Kuala Lumpur ; 6 ^^, 1 $, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 1 o, The Gap, Pahang ; 2 ^^, 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Writing of this species in 1928, van Eecke (Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 100) remarks that the $ appears to be unknown. On looking through the insects assembled for the present paper, the $ at once becomes apparent. It is not readily distinguishable in facies from L. todara Moore (1879), but a series would probably show a smaller average exj)anse, as the three specimens listed above measure only 63-68 mm.
141. Lymantria brunneiplaga Swinh.
Lymanlria l,runneiplaga Swinh., Trans. Enl. Soc. Land. p. 491 (1903) ; Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 325. pi. 40f (1917).
Type, (J, Java, in British Museum.
1 (J, Province Wellesley ; in British Museum. 1 $, Kuala Lipis, larva feeding on Palaquinm yulla Burch ; in coll. Agric. Dept., Kuala Lumpur. 1 (J> Suigapore ; 1 o, Kuala Krau ; 1 J, Bukit Kutu ; in F.M.S. Museum.
Swinhoe's original $ allotype does not belong to this species, but is evidently the $ of Lymantria ganara Moore (1859). Van Eecke illustrates another insect as the true $ of L. brunneiplaga in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. viii, fig. 3 (1928), and I have followed his conclusion.
NoVlTiTES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 97
142. Lymantria orestera sp. nov. (plate II, fig. 42).
cJ. Palpus pinkish buff, beneath and on the outerside fuscous. Antenna bistre. Head and thorax pale pinkish buff. Abdomen light coral-red, with a series of fuscous spots laterally and a further series dorsally ; anal tuft pale pinkish buff. Pectus pinkish buff, light coral-red in front. Legs with femora bLstre, distally hght coral-red ; tibiae and tarsi pale pinkish buff, the former fringed with long hair. Venter snuff-brown. Forewing white ; a small patch of light coral-red at the base of costa ; a number of basal and subbasal interneural fuscous spots ; an irregular but fairly straight snuff-brown antemedial fascia, at right angles to the inner margin, merging into a large jaatch of snuff-brown, which occupies the space between vein Cu2 and the inner margin and extends to the postmedial fascia ; a fuscous spot in the distal half of the cell ; a streak of snuff- brown on the discocellulars, beyond which is a conspicuous patch of the same colour extendmg and widening to the costa ; postmedial fascia snuff-brown, crenate (concavities terminad), points on the veins, the whole roughly parallel with the termen ; a rather faint subterminal fascia, resembling the jaostmedial, the portion between veins Ri and iJ5 enlarged mto a patch of snuff-brown ; a series of terminal interneiu'al snuff-brown spots, extending on to the fringe, which is otherwise white. Hmdwing tiUeul-buff shaded with snuff-brown ; a faintly visible snuff-brown streak on the discocellulars, and postmedial and subterminal fasciae ; a series of terminal interneural snuff-brown spots, extending on to the fringe, which is otherwise whitish. Underside of both wmgs with pattern faintly reproduced in a more indefinite form, the area in and beyond the cell of forewing, and above the cell to the costa, mainly snuff-brown.
Expanse : cJ^J 53-58 mm.
I cj (holotype) and 2 ^^ (paratypes) May 1931, 1 ^ (paratype) 14. vi. 1923, all at light, 4,800 ft., Tahah Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 2 ^^ (paratypes), at Ught, 3,450-3,500 ft., April 1926, Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendlebury) ; F.M.S. Museum. Holotype and one paratype presented to the British Museum.
Resembles L. brunneiplaga Swinh. (which also occurs on Bukit Kutu), but easily separated therefrom. L. orestera is larger, the fasciae on the forewing more heavily marked, the hind wing hghter and the fasciae more distinct.
I have not seen a $, but it is possible that this sex is not easily separated from specimens of L. brunneiplaga.
143. Lymantria strigata Auriv.
Lyniantria strigata Aurir., Eyil. Tidskr. p. 172 (1894) ; Heitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 324 (1917).
Type, cj, Java, in Stockholm Museum.
1 ?, at light, 3,500 ft., 18 .iii . 1931 , Bukit Kutu, Selangor (H. M. Pendlebury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
This specimen agrees well with two Javanese $$ in the British Museum collection, but has a broader and rather darker border to the hindwing, occupying nearly half the wing area.
144. Lymantria kinta sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 7). <J. Palpus and head amber-brown mixed with light buff, the palpus short and porrect. Antemia amber-brown. Thorax Prout's brown mixed with light
7
98 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
buff. Abdomen above and beneath light buff (darkened by grease in the type), dorsally on the basal segments amber-brown. Pectus light buff, amber-brown in front. Legs amber-brown mixed with light buff. Forewing light buff irrorated thickly with hazel and amber-browii ; basal foiu-th of wing marked fairly heavily with fuscous, the distal border of this area almost straight, and at right angles to the inner margin ; a > -shaped fuscous mark on the discocellulars ; a crenate hazel subterminal fascia, points on the veins, concavities terminad and to some extent filled in with light buff ; a series of large but indistinct interneural dark patches between subtermmal fascia and termen, absent between veuis M2 and ilf 3 ; fringe light buff, mixed with hazel interneurally. Hindwing light buff, marked with hazel along the termen from vein C'u2 to the anal angle. Uiiderside of forewing light buff ; some indistinct hazel markings beyond the cell, in the apical area and along the costa ; fringe light buff, hazel interneurally. Hindwing and fringe light buff.
Expanse : 5*^ 29-35 mm.
1 S (holotype), Kinta Valley, S. Perak, September-October (H. N. Ridley) ; 1 o' (paratype), Larut Hills, Perak, 3,000 ft., 20. iv. 1898 (S. S. Flower); in British Museum. 4 J^J October 1921, 1 ^ 25. ix. 1929, and 1 ^ 22. ii. 1931 (paratypes), Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendlebury) ; 2 ^^ (paratypes), Bukit Kutu, Selangor, at light, 3,500ft., 18. iv. 1926 and 16.iii. 1931 (H. M. Pendlebury); in F.M.S. Museum.
Perhaps nearest to Lymantria strigata Auriv. (1894).
145. Lymantria ganaroides Strand (?).
Lymantria ganaroides Strand. Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 325, pi. 41c (1917).
3 (S<S, Kuala Lumpur ; 1 ^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 2 ^^, The Gap, Pahang ; 5 <S^, 3,200-3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; in F.M.S. Museum. 1 ^, Perak ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin.
Strand described this species from 3 ^(^ with a doubtful patria : " ? New Guinea." He also states : " I have seen a probably very closely alhed specimen from Perak." This specimen, which I have before me, is poorly marked and somewhat rubbed, but agrees with the Malayan series enumerated above. Other fresher and better marked specimens in the series conform well to Strand's description and figure, and it seems best to emply the name of L. ganaroides for them.
The British Museum possesses no closely allied specimens from New Guinea or the Dutch East Indies.
146. Lymantria lepcha galinara Swinh.
Lymantria galinam Swinh.. Trans. Ent. Sue. Land. p. 490 (1903); Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 326, pi. 40f (1917).
Type, cJ, Singapore, in British Museum.
10 c?(J, 2 $9, Singapore ; in British Museum. 3 (^cj, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in Trmg Museum. 2 J^J, Perak ; in Zoological Museum, Berlin. 3 (J (J, Singa- pore ; 1 cJ, Kuala Lumpur ; 3 ^S> The Gap, Pahang ; 1 ^, 4,200 ft.. Eraser's Hill, Pahang ; 6 cJcJ, 1 ?, 3,450-3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 2 ^^S, 3,200- 3,300 ft., Kedah Peak ; 1 ?, Parit Buntar ; m F.M.S. Museum.
NOVITATES ZoOLOalCAE XXXVIII. 1932. 99
Swinhoe's allotype $ of L. galinara is wrongly associated with the ^, and is the $ of Dasychira cerigoides Wlkr. (1862). Van Eecke has illustrated the true $ in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. viii, fig. 5a (1928). Van Eecke 's illustration of the 1^ in fig. 5 of the same plate does not agree with the type, but seems to represent L. viarginalis Wlkr. (1862). The true ,^ is illustrated in Seitz, x, pi. 40f.
It will be seen that I have sunk L. galinara to the level of a subspecies of L. lepcha Moore (1879). The cj genitalia are similar, but the forewing of the cJ galinara. is whiter in appearance and the markings heavier, the hindwing has an orange Hush as compared with the pmk flush of L. lepcha, and the average expanse of L. lepcha is greater. The $$ are perhaps distinguishable only by locality.
147. Lymantria marginalis Wlkr.
Lymaniria nuirginalis Wlkr., Joiirn. Linn. Hoc. Land. {Zool.). vi, p. 131 (1862) ; Seltz, Orossschm. d, Erde, x, p. 326 (1917).
Type, cJ, Sarawak, in Oxford Museum.
1 3, 3,000 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in Trmg Museum. 10 ^.^, 3,500 ft., Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; 5 (J (J, 4,800 ft.. Tana Rata, Cameron's Highlands, Pahang ; 1 ^, The Gap, Pahang ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The British Museum possesses no (J^J from Sarawak, but the type at Oxford is similar in facies to Malayan, Javanese and Sumatran specimens. The type exhibits no marking on the hindwing, but this is also the case with a small proportion of Malayan specimens.
The (J is illustrated in Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, pi. viii, fig. 5, under the name of L. galinara.
The $ appears to be unknown.
Lymantria sp. A single $ in rather poor condition, in the F.M.S. Museum collection, labelled. " The Gap, 1920, ex coll. Agric. Dept.," bears a strong resemblance to L. bivittata Moore (1879). It may be the $ of L. marginalis Wlkr. (1862), but in the absence of adequate material I have thought it better not to place it under the heading of that species.
148. Cispia ochrophaea sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 15).
(J. Palpus ochraceous-tawny, the tip lighter. Antennal shaft whitish, with a streak of snufi-brown running along the upperside ; pectinations hair-brown. Head, legs, thorax, and abdomen above and beneath, warm buff, mixed on vertex with Mars yellow. Forewing cinnamon-bufi ; some indistinct fuscous spots in the basal area ; discocellulars whitish ; fringe cinnamon buff. Hindwing and fringe whitish. Underside of both wings, and fringes, whitish, tinged in the costal area of forewing with cinnamon-buff.
$. Resembles the ^, but paler m colour, and with the white on the dis- cocellulars scarcely visible. Tarsi of legs Prout's brown, tibiae mixed with Prout's brown.
Expanse : cJ 50 mm., $$ 69-77 mm.
1 ^ (holotype) and 1 $ (allotype), Perak, July-August 1895 (Lakatt and Pamboo) ; in British Museum ex Oberthiir collection. 1 ? (paratype), Kinta, Perak, August 1898 (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum.
Allied to Cispia charrna Swinh.
100 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
149. Cispia aphrasta sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 21).
cj. Palpus whitish, mixed on the outer side with fuscous. Antenna whitish, eacli pectination fuscous at the base and at the tip. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs whitish, mixed on tibia and tarsus of foreleg with bistre. Wings semi- hyaline, white, fringes white ; forewing with a faint circular Saccardo's umber spot on the discocellulars ; similar preterminal interneural spots above veins B4, M\, M'i and C'u'2, and a fiu-ther spot postmedially above vein 7?5. Wings beneath, and fringes, white.
$. Resembles (J, but with the preterminal interneural spots on the forewing continuous from costa to vein Cu2, oblong in shape, the spot between veins M\ and 312 smaller than the remainder ; the angle between veins R4 and R5, also between veins E5 and Ml, filled in with Saccardo's umber. The foreleg is marked with fuscous in place of bistre.
Expanse : J 28 mm., $ 39 mm.
1 (J (holotype), near Jitra, Kedah, 9.iv.l928 (H. M. PendJebury) ; 1 $ (allotype), Patalung, Peninsular Siam, at light, 2. v. 1924 (I. H. N. Evans); F.M.S. Museum. Tj'pes presented to British Museum.
I have included these two insects mider the same name with some hesitation. They were taken in localities about 100 miles apart, but are very distinct from any other species.
150. Imaus durioides Strand.
Imaus durioides Strand, in Seitz, Orossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 330, pi. 40a (1915).
Type, (J, (?) New Gumea.
1 (J, Gunong Ijau, Perak ; in Tring Museum.
151. Imaus munda Wlki'.
Lymantria mnnda Wlkr., List Lep. Ins. B.M. iv, p. 875 (1855).
Iniati^ mundua Wlkr., Seitz, Grossschm. d. Erde, x, p. 330, pi. 40b (1915).
Type, $, SUhet, in British Museum.
1 (J, at light, 1 8.x. 1921, Gombak Valley, Kuala Lumpur (H. M. Pendle- bury) ; in F.M.S. Museum.
In the Tring Museum are long series of Indian and Javanese specimens, which can be separated in both sexes by the shape of the markings in the sub- terminal fascia of the forewing, > -shaped in Indian specimens and oblong in Javanese specimens. In this respect and in other small details of marking the (J from Kuala Lumpur resembles the Indian race.
152. Dura amianta sp. nov. (plate I, fig. 10).
$. Palpus porrect, whitish, on the outerside fuscous. Antennal shaft whitish, pectinations Saccardo's umber. Head, thorax, abdomen and legs whitish. Forewing whitish, crossed by four indistinct fuscous fasciae, of which the postmedial is crenate, points on the veins, concavities termmad ; the subterminal fascia crenulate and roughly parallel with the termen ; discocellulars edged faintly with fuscous ; a series of small terminal interneural fuscous spots ; fringe whitish. Hindwing and fringe whitLsh. Uriderside of both wings, and fringes, whitLsh ; on the discocellulars of the hindwing an indistinct fuscous spot.
NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
101
but without the discocellular spot on the underside of
(^. Resembles the the hind wing.
Expanse : (^ 38 mm., $? 46-52 mm.
1 9 (holotype), Kuala Lumpur, 1 . Mu.seum. 1 (^ (allotype), Perak (Hartert) ; (paratype), Padang Rengas ; Tring Museum.
Allied to Dvra alba Moore (1879), but much paler, and without the series of terminal spots in the hindwing.
,1920 (W. A. Lamborn) ; Oxford ; Zoological Museum, BerUn. 1 $
153. Dura panthera v. Eecke.
Dvra panthera v. Eecke, Zool. Med. Leiden, xi, p. 137 (1928).
Type, 9, Sumatra, in Tring Museum.
1 (J, Malacca (W. Doherty) ; in British Museum. 1 <J, 1,000 ft., 22 .iii. 1898, Government Hill, Penang (Curtis) ; in Tring Museum. 1 $, 3,450 ft., April 1915, Bukit Kutu, Selangor ; in F.M.S. Museum.
The two (JcJ measure 43 and 44 mm. in expanse, and are not distinguishable from the $ in markings.
In the original description of the tyjje $, van Eecke describes and illustrates the peculiar path of vein R'2 m the fore wing, which approaches so near to vein R\ that it appears to form two areoles. In the present series from Malaya, and also in a $ from Kuching in the British Museum collection, vein R'2 rises from the stalk of RS~R5 just beyond the cell, and takes a direct path to the costa near the apex. The venation of the type is no doubt abnormal in this respect.
The present species does not show an angled hindwing as in other species of Dura, nor does vein M 1 of the forewing arise from below the upper angle of the cell. It would seem to fall better into the genus Lymantria Hiibn., but as con- siderable revision is called for among allied species, it seems best to postpone any transfer imtil a more general review can be undertaken.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES I AND II. Plate I.
Fig. 1. E uproctis epinephela s\). nov., '^holoiype
2. ,, acodes sp. no v., ^ holotype .
3. ,, adela sp. nov., $ holotype
4. ,, caUipotama sp. nov., 9 holotype
5. ,, eumorpha sp. nov., rj holotype
6. ,, hypolispa sp. nov., 9 holotype
7. Lymantria kinta sp. nov., ^ holotype .
8. Porthesia orphnaea sp. nov.. 9 holotype
9. Laelia m.elantera sp. nov., ^ holotype .
10. Dura amianta sp. nov., 9 holotype
11. Euproctig chalcostorna sp. nov., (^holotype
12. Laelia venosa Moore, ,^ holotype
13. Euprocti.s prolea up. nov., J holotype .
14. ,, phaula .sp. nov., ^ holotype .
15. Cispia ochrophaea sp. nov., J holotype
73 69 70 65 77 70 97 58 83 100 79 83 61 71 99
102
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
|
F |
ig |
16. |
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»5 |
17. |
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18. |
||
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19. |
||
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20. |
||
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21. |
||
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22. |
||
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23. |
||
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24. |
||
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25. |
||
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26. |
||
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27. |
||
|
Fig |
28. |
|
|
,, |
29. |
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|
,, |
30. |
|
|
„ |
31. |
|
|
9i |
32. |
|
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„ |
33. |
|
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3» |
34. |
|
|
»J |
35. |
|
|
,, |
36. |
|
|
,, |
37. |
|
|
jj |
38. |
|
|
,, |
39. |
|
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>> |
40. |
|
|
,j |
41. |
|
|
5> |
42. |
|
|
JJ |
43. |
|
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„ |
44. |
|
|
U |
45. |
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JJ |
46. |
|
|
JJ |
47. |
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»» |
48. |
|
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49. |
Ewproctis hapala sp. nov., $ holotype . „ cosmia sp. nov., (J holotype . ,, atereta sp. nov., ^ holotype . Mardara rvficeps Hamps., $, Perak Dasychira alam'peta sp. nov., ^ holotype Cisfiia (rphrasta sp. nov., q holotype Leucoma camvrisquama sp. nov., ^ holotype
,, phrika sp. nov., (^ holotype . Cobanilla phaedra sp. nov., ^ holotype Euproctis ereina sp. nov., $ holotype Leiicmna niphobola sp. nov., t^ holotype
,, poecilonipha sp. nov., (^ holotype
Plate II.
Dasychira diplozona sp. nov., ,^ holotype Euproctis sienopa sp. nov., (J holotype
,, plagiata syngenes subsp. nov., 9 holotj^e
,, leucophJeba sp. nov., $ holotype Dasychira vaneeckei sp. nov., 3* holotype Euproctis pelopicta sp. nov., ^^ holotype pe.perites sp. nov., (J holotype
,, phloeochroa sp. nov., q holotype Lymantria atemeles sp. nov., $ allotjrpe Euproctis javana epirotica subsp. nov., 9 holotype
,, tamsi sp. nov., (J holotype Dasychira callima sp. nov., ^ holotype Orgyia shelfordi sp. nov., (^ holotype . Lymantria atemeles sp. nov., (^ holotype
,, nrestera sp. nov., cj holotjrpe
Dasychira araea sp. nov., ^ holotype . Aroa scytodes sp. nov., ^J holotype Euproctis coelebs sp. nov., (J holotype .
,, innupfa sp. nov., $ holotype Lymantria pendleburyi sp. nov., ,^ holotype
,, capnodes sp. nov., J holotype
Dasychira zelotica sp. nov., ^ holotype
|
p- |
61 |
|
p- |
76 |
|
p- |
58 |
|
p- |
90 |
|
p- |
85 |
|
p- |
100 |
|
p- |
54 |
|
p- |
53 |
|
p- |
81 |
|
p- |
68 |
|
p- |
55 |
|
p- |
54 |
|
p- |
87 |
|
p- |
64 |
|
p- |
61 |
|
p- |
67 |
|
p- |
86 |
|
p- |
72 |
|
p- |
72 |
|
p- |
75 |
|
p- |
93 |
|
p- |
65 |
|
p- |
68 |
|
p- |
89 |
|
p- |
40 |
|
p- |
93 |
|
p- |
97 |
|
p- |
84 |
|
p- |
80 |
|
p- |
74 |
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p- |
75 |
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p- |
95 |
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p- |
95 |
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p- |
88 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 103
NEW EXOTIC GEOMETRIDAE. By LOUIS B. PROUT. SuBFAM. LARENTIINAE.
1. Larentia hancocki sp.n. (J, 39-41 mm. Nearly related to heteromorpha Hmpsn. {Tr. Zool. Soc. Lonrl. xix. (2), p. 128, t. iv, f. 61) but much larger. Antenna slightly longer, the pectinations slenderer, contmuing to about the 26th, sometimes even to the 28th joint (in heteromorpha to about the 23rd-25th).
Forewing with SC* from apex of distal areola or slightly stalked beyond, or still more distal ; much more glossy than heteromorpha, rather thin but tough (texture of so many high-altitude or winter Larentiinae) ; darker and more uniform grey-brown, relatively weakly marked, the white element almost entirely suppressed, or at best an admixture of whitish scales in the three palest lines (borders of median area and the interrupted subterminal) ; median band generally broad (6-5 to 8-5 mm. at costa), fairly solid or with paler centre and distinct proximal and distal line) ; postmedian line more jagged than in heteromorpha, at least anteriorly to the double lobe ; fringe less sharply marked than in hetero- morpha. Hindiving very glossy, pale drab-grey ; a minute cell-dot ; traces of
the markings of the underside, especially the postmedian (which ends in a darker spot at abdominal margin) and sometimes some suffusion proximal thereto.
Underside well marked, though less sharply than in heteromorpha, the ground-colour being less whitish ; forewing with the principal markings repro- duced, excepting the antemedian (the dark median suffusion continuing to the base) ; hindwing at least with sharp cell-dot, strongly sinuous (twice incurved) postmedian and somewhat macular presubterminal shading, often also with some additional though weaker lines.
Ruwenzori : Bujuku, 12,500 feet, 18 August 1931, 6 ,i.^, and 12,000 feet, 16 August, 2 ^S (G. L. R. Hancock). Type in Mus. Brit.
Rather variable, but not extravagantly. The browii tinge which usually suffuses the median area of the forewing above is more reddish than that which suffuses the jsroximal subterminal region and (more weakly) the subbasal, this latter tinge more inclining to cinnamon or tawny oUve. A more strongly marked cJ from Kigo, 10,500 feet, 20 August, with the shades lighter and brighter (cinnamon-buff to clay-colour), the basal and median bands darker mixed, and strong proximal spots to the subterminal, is probably conspecific ; expanse 39 mm.
The much larger size and the grey hindwing distinguish hancocki at once from heteromorpha ; the size equally from the still darker wellsi Prout (1928), which may possibly prove a somewhat melanic form of heteromorpha. Both were taken with hancocki at 12,000 feet.
2. Gonanticlea penicilla sp.n. cJ, 35-36 mm. Forewing closely like that of amplior Th.-Mieg (1910) but looking slightly less broad, on account of the rather less square-cut tornus ; pale
104 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1032.
central band fairly broad, at least posteriorly, in none of the known examples so whitish as in normal amplior ; distal prominence of the dark area beyond more nearly parallel with the termen at its outer edge than in amplior, thus noticeably
further from termen behind R'. Hindwing quite differently shaped from that
of amplior, elongate costally (and to extremity of SC^) instead of hindmargin- ally ; a longitudinal pale buff hair-pencil on upperside, arising in base of cell between SC and cell-fold ; colour bright in the tyjse, but more suffused in Javan examples, which I would not, without more material, separate racially, in neither case with the broadly smoky abdommal area of amplior, etc.
$ probably variable, as in the allies ; three which may pretty safely be referred here are closely similar to large occlnsata Feld. (1875) $$, the hindwing intermediate in tone between those of o. occlusata and o. laetifica Prout (1931) ; in all three the cell-dot of the fore wing stands outside, instead of on, the edge of the proximal dark band.
W. Sumatra : Kormtji, 4,500 feet (type ^) and 7,300 feet (I 9) (Robinson & Kloss). Java : Bandong, 1 cJ ; 2 $$ not exactly localized. All in coll. Tring Mus. Also a cJ from Mt. Gede, 4,000 feet (Fruhstorfer), in the Oberthiir coDection.
3. Polyclysta gonycrota sp.n.
9, 28 mm. Face pale, mixed with fuscous. Palpus fuUy 2, 2nd joint slightly down-curved, 3rd elongate, slightly more so than in the genotype, hypogram.mata Guen. (1858) ; 1st and 2nd joints dark fuscous on outerside, 3rd (with extremity of 2nd) pale. Vertex pale, tinged with ochreous. Thorax above largely fuscous ; abdomen pale, slightly ochreous, with weak dark dorsal paired spots (or interrupted saddles).
Forewing at least as elongate as in hypogrammata $, the tornus perhaps stUl weaker ; cell not quite i, SC'^ from close to apex of cell, R" from very slightly behind end of cell-fold ; wliitish, tinged with buff ; markings dark brown (bistre to sepia), mixed in places with deep red scaling, which occupies most of the veins on the dark areas ; ground-colour remaining in a streak along SC and an intricate pattern of lines ; a subbasal pair (the proximal strong, the distal faint) angled outward at fold ; an antemedian strongly oblique inward from costa to SC, then slightly curved outward, bending sharply (curved rather than angled) after crossing fold, oblique inward to hindmargin near second subliasal ; an almost equally strong line (? median) commencing at costa neaT the antemedian (well proximal to midcosta), parallel with it at first, but angled on end of cell- fold to run out almost longitudinally to R', almost touchmg first postmedian, then oblique inward to fold, almost touching antemedian, finally about vertical to hindmargin ; area between these two lines more pale-mixed than other dark areas ; two very fine sinuous postmedian lines, succeeded by a very strong one from beyond J costa to near tornus and with an outward curve between R'' and M" ; a fine line beyond and parallel with this, separated by a bright brown line ; a thick dash from apex, on R' touching the last postmedian ; a waved subter- minal from R' to SM- close to termen, acutely angled inward on M^ ; the space between last postmedian, apical dash, subterminal line and R' presenting a rather solid dark, irregularly triangular patch ; pale streaks from suliterminal
to termen, separating the terminal dark spots. Hindwing long and narrow
(very decidedly more so than in hypogram,mata) \ DC (as in some $$ of Crasilogia)
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. 11(32. 105
not actually biangulate, but with R^ central, arising very slightly behind cell-fold ; whitish buff, with cell-dots and traces of bands of underside.
Underside more suffused with cinnamon-buff ; forewing with principal markings of upperside weakly reproduced or indicated, the darkest parts (between first subbasal and antemedian and again from the strongest postmedian inward about to the cell) presenting themselves as Ul-defined dusky bands ; hindwing with cell-spot, thickish wavy postmedian line and faint dusky subterminal band.
Viti ? (C. A. Stuhlmann),' tyjie in Zool. Mus. Hamburg.
Without the ^J, which will almost certainly be highly specialized, it is impossible to divine the exact position of this very distinct species. It should, however, fall into the group of Polyclysta, Protavlaca. and Crasilogia, which — for purposes of this description — may be regarded as merely (^ sections of one comprehensive genus.
4. Collix stellata Warr.
CoUix stellata Warr., Nm. Zool. i. 679 (1894) (Khasis).
Warren's type, a rather small i^, has the palpi abraded and is unfortunately somewhat damaged by mould, but is clearly conspecific with a Khasi ^ 1 mm. larger and a very small " Assam " [Khasi] q, both in the Trmg Museum, and probably a worn Shillong ,^. also in that collection. A growing suspicion that these represented a different species from most of the material which has been passing for stellata has been confirmed by Mr. Tarns on an examination of the genitaUa of an example of each from the Joicey collection. The uncus in stellata is decidedly narrower, valve perhaps slightly longer, than that of the other species, in which it is identical with that of griseipalpis Wileman.
5. Collix griseipalpis Wileman.
" Collix stellata Warr. (?) " Prout, Ent. Mitt, iii, 248 (1914) (Formosa). Collix griseipnlpis Wileman, Entom. xlix, 34 (1916) (Formosa).
On account of Warren's having determined the (not uncommon) Khasi race of this species as stellata, I have long been treating the two as races of one species ; see the preceding note. My comparisons of " stellata " in erecting some of my new species (w'c^e Nov. Zool. xxxii, 42; xxxv, 66) are therefore to be referred to griseipalpis, although the close similarity of the two species makes them at least approximately accurate as they stand. C. griseipalpis is more sharply marked than stellata, with the subbasal, median and postmedian lines of the forewing more blackened at costa, the postmedian more sharply angled inward at SC, the palpus paler, but black-marked on outerside. Besides the name-typical form, I recognize two races, both of which agree perfectly with it in the genitalia.
C. g. relocata subsp. n. Generally larger than g. griseipalpis (35-40 mm.), a little less dark and still more sharply marked, the postmedian on an average less broad, the underside sometimes less heavily streaked longitudinally, the lateral orange streak of abdomen perhajjs less often clear. Khasis, not rare, the type cJ in coll. Tring Mus.
C. g. phaeochiton subsp. n. Costal margin of forewing perhaps somewhat more rounded than Lii the other races ; ground-colour slightly darker and less brown-tinged than in g. griseipalpis, the lines rather weak, but more or less
^ All the specimens bearing this labelling in the Museum, so far as I have seen, are indisputably Fijian species.
106 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
strongly black-dotted at the veins, the postmedian at costa liardly thickened, subcostally with about as sharp an indentation as in g. relocala, the white sub- terminal dots very sharply expressed. Malay Peninsula : Kuala Lumpur, bred from larvae on Trigonostemon indicus (G. H. Corbett), 12 in Mus. Brit., including the type ,^. others bred from larvae on Ardisia sp. (H. M. Pendlebury) ; Penin- sular Siam and — possibly a different race or another very close ally, with cell-spot larger, etc. — Kedah Peak (H. M. Pendlebury).
6. Eupithecia dissobapta sp.n.
9, 13-14 mm. Head whitish. Face rather flat, with a very slight dark ridge at lower edge. Palpus slender, not greatly over 1, dark-marked on outer- side. Tongue strong. Antenna minutely ciliated. Body and legs whitish, with some brown irroration ; hindtibial spurs rather short.
Foreicing elongate, costa very slightly arched near base and in distal half, apex rather acute, termen very strongly oblique, faintly curved or bowed ; areole simple ; white, irregularly irrorated with fuscous-black, with the three principal lines of this colour ; subbasal irregularly band-like, twice acutely angled outward ; antemedian thickest anteriorly, strongly incurved behind base of M-, angled outward on SM-, oblique inward to hindmargin ; an interrupted ochre-red band between, separated from each by a white line ; median area broad, the postmedian thickened (at least between costa and medians, but not sharply defined proximally. the irroration becoming progressively denser, particularly in the type, between the inconspicuous cell-spot and the line), somewhat oblique outward from costa to SC^ rather more so just behind SC^ between this and R' or Ml only about 1 mm, distant from termen, between the medians deeply and again near hindmargin more shallowly inangled, with a rounded lobe between the.se angles ; an ochre-red band occupying most of the distal area, separated from postmedian by a white line and showing in places — at least at costa and an enlarged spot between the medians — the white subterminal, with some weak and variable dark maculation at its proximal side ; terminal line broken into elongate spots ; fringe rather long, weakly mottled, with white interneural spots at base.
Hindwing with apex rounded, termen rounded about R^-M", straighter
before and behind : SC^^-Ri very well stalked ; darker than forewing, less variegated ; predominantly fuscescent, a white admixture appearing chiefly in median area ; indefinite bands showing through from beneath, the postmedian whitish -edged distally ; terminal line and fringe nearly as on forewing.
Both wings beneath as far as the postmedian suffused with grey, especially the forewing, in which it shows a more drab tinge ; a postmedian band (sometimes strong) and indications of blurred antemedian and median ones, the three sepa- rated by more white-mixed areas ; distal area paler, sometimes conspicuously so, but always showing (excepting the white boundary-line of the postmedian) some irroration.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 148 km. E. of Tananarive, 20 October-lO November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 7 $$ in Tring Mus.
A pretty and very distinct little species.
7. Eupithecia streptozona sp.n. $, 14 mm. Face-cone short. Palpus rough-scaled, rather short (less than U). Antenna minutely ciliated. Head and body concolorous with wings,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 107
palpus with some dark scales on outerside. Hindtibia with only one proximal spur present, terminals moderate.
Forewing of medium width, termen straightish anteriorly and posteriorly, gently curved in middle ; cell \ or slightly over, DC present though short ; areola simple ; whitish buff, in places suffused or weakly mottled with cream- buff (at least in distal area), the coloration more suggestive of a Sterrha (e.g. S. msticata [Schiff.]) than of normal Ewpithecia ; cell-spot strong : other markings relatively weak ; basal patch chiefly indicated by a costal streak at about 1 mm. ; median band darkened with grey irroration but not intense, the ante- and ])ostmedian costal spots rather strong, only 1-5 or 2 mm. a])art (the broadest- banded specimen showing also a smaller median spot), the antemedian thence slight, curved, the postmedian from the spot nearly to R' strongly oblique out- ward, then somewhat sinuous, as far as R' parallel with (or continuing very slightly to approach) the termen, thence somewhat more oblique inward than termen ; subterminal defined by dark shading proximally, strongest at costa ;
terminal line weak, apparently punctiform ; fringe pale. Hindwing shaped
nearly as in the preceding species, slightly more rounded ; cell about \ ; SC'-R* shortly stalked ; concolorous with forewing ; cell-dot sharp, but smaller than on forewing ; markings otherwise slight, excepting a strong abdominal spot at end of postmedian ; antemedian also slightly strengthened at abdominal margin ; median band variable, either obsolescent or fairly strong, though only distally to the cell-dot ; postmedian following a similar course to that of forewing, but more strongly oblique inward behind R' and incurved about fold ; terminal line and fringe as on forewing.
Underside similar.
Madagascar : Station PerLnet, 149 km. E. of Tananarive, 20 October-10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), type and paratype in Tring Mus. S. Betsileo (Hildebrandt), 1 ? in Zool. Mus. Berlin, with the median band rather well developed.
All three examples are worn, but with the aid of the three all the essential markings have been definitely made out, while the coloration and peculiar struc- ture— suggesting a doubt whether a new genus should not be established — render it easy of recognition.
8. Chloroclystis scintillata sp.n.
(^$, 13-14 mm. Face-cone strong. Palpus nearly 2 ; 2nd joint rough- scaled above, 3rd joint small. Antennal ciliation of (^ minute. Head and body concolorous with wings ; a blackish transverse stripe connecting bases of forecoxae.
Forewing with SC' running into C ; grey, in places suffused with purplish brown ; copious scattered bronzy metallic scales (in some lights more silvery or iridescent) ; antemedian double or band-like, straighter and posteriorly less oblique than postmedian, its distal edge outbent at both folds ; postmedian with a blunt, flattened prominence about SC'-R' ; subterminal irregularly dark- shaded, in part crenulate, about R'-M' nearly always cut by a pale longitudinal
spot ; fringe weakly mottled. Hindwing with termen rounded ; SC" not
stalked ; principal markings continued.
Underside much paler ; the two Unes developed, at least on forewing, but not sharp.
108 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAF. XXXVIII. 1932.
Fiji : Lautoka (H. Phillips), a series in beautiful condition. Type in coll. Brit. Mus.
Probably a small race of the little-known inexplicata (Walk., 1866) which I have re-examined since describing the above as new. A striking peculiarity, hitherto unnoticed, is an oblique process from the upperside of the ^ foretarsus, causing its 1st joint to apjjear forked ; this is exhibited by both the species or races in question.
9. Asthenotricha torata sp.n.
^, 28 mm. Head and body pale, irrorated with red-brown and some dark scales. Antenna almost simple, scaled area dark-dotted.
Foretcing less broad than in the other species, apex minutely produced, termen waved, bowed, rather strongly oblique posteriorly ; an extensive special- ized area in anterior part of cell, bounded on underside by a pretty regularly curved line which runs from areole (and DC) to SC scarcely more than 2 mm. from base and in its middle is scarcely over 1 mm. from M ; pale, as far as the postmedian with dense red-brown irroration and a few darker scales, distally with the brown scaling slightly less reddish and less evenly disposed ; coarse suberect dark-tipped scales at proximal part of costa, succeeded (on and behind the " specialized area " as defined above) by more floccous hair -tufts ; a sinuous dark postmedian line from nearly | costa, slightly oblique outward and faintly wavy to R', then bluntly bent, more sinuous, nearly parallel with termen except for a deeper proximad angle at M'' ; famt indications of a more dentate line beyond and nearly parallel with this, indefinitely pale-edged distally at all the folds ; the pale subterminal lunulate-dentate, about parallel with termen, defined by indistinct lines ; terminal line moderate ; a pale line at base of fringe.
Hitidwing with termen subcrenulate, especially behind middle ; R^ from
near R' ; nearly concolorous with distal part of fore wing, though with some faint reddish suffusions in proximal part ; postmedian present but weak, more sharply angled at R' than on forewing ; distal markings much as on forewing or still weaker.
Forewing beneath more whitish behind M and M', anteriorly coloured nearly as above ; the specialized area with rough scaling, looking slightly dark- ened ; suggestions of a dark Ime on DC^"' ; postmedian and distal area nearly as above. Hindwing beneath much as above, or slightly more reddish.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 14!) km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 1 S in Tring Mus.
SuBFAM. GEOMETRINAE. 10. Mauna diasporas sp.n.
^, 42 mm. Palpus scarcely 1 i, 3rd joint distinct, though small. (Antennae lost.) Head and thorax pecan-brown, the tegulae mixed with violet, the thorax beneath partly whitish ; abdomen rather slender for a Mauna ; paler, at base white. Hindtibial dilation strong ; hindtarsus shortened.
Wings broader than in typical Manna, shaped as in perquisita Prout (1922). Foreumu/ pecan-brown, dulled with grey (which to the naked eye looks some- what jjurplish grey) and with a few black scales ; cell-dot small, black ; ante- median line faintly traceable in grey, oblique outward from costa at 5 mm.,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXXVIII. 1932. 109
acutely angled just in front of M close before origin of M'', then oblique inward ; postmedian fine, blackish, slenderly defined by whitish distaUy, arising at costa 2 mm. from termen, at first oblique and curving to become more so, from R^ or R* straight, reaching hindmargin little beyond middle ; termen and frmge
slightly warmer brown. Hindwing white at base, gradually assuming a tinge
of light buflf ; a very faint curved line suggested, rather than expressed, at about 5 mm. from termen.
Forewing beneath with costal and distal borders a little paler than above, the rest much paler ; postmedian line strong from costa to R', then dying out. Hindwing costally and anterio-terminally more buff-tinged than above, even inclinmg — especially at apex — to the brown of forewing ; a curved grey line about 3'5 mm. from termen, strongest anteriorly, especially on the vems.
Uganda : Nyimabitaba, Mt. Ruwenzori, 8,500 feet, 21 August 1931 (G. L. R. Hancock), 1 ^J. Type in Brit. Mus., presented through the Imperial Institute of Entomology.
Probably nearest to ardescens Prout (1916). It is the first Mauiia known from Uganda ; the genus is chiefly South African, though I have described one species {electa Prout, 1917) from Nyasaland.
11. Derrioides hypopyrrha sp.n.
$, 40 mm. Face dull brown, mixed with blackish. Palpus IJ or barely ; bright red, the terminal joint blackish, very small. Antennal pectinations reduced to strong serrations. Vertex and base of antenna very pale grey ; the rest of antennal shaft reddish brown. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings ; legs predominantly greyish, the femora largely red.
Forewing with termen slightly more waved than in the type species ; gQ5.3.4 very long-stalked, R^ arisuig unusually near R^ ; prussian red, much suffused, especially costal margin and distal area, with dull purple, costal margin with some white-grey irroration, which apically spreads as far as the radials ; cell-spot grey, inconspicuous ; an oblique whitish (very pale olive-buff) line from costa (2 mm. from apex) almost straight to about J hindmargin, broadly shaded with dark grey on its proximal side and more finely and indefinitely on its distal ;
fringe dark grey mixed with whitish, and with reddish spots at the vein-ends.
Hindwing with termen somewhat more crenulate than in typical Derrioides ; colouring and line of forewing continued ; costal edge clearer and redder ; fringe as on forewing.
Underside predominantly orange-red (dragon's blood red to vinaceous- rufous), especially on the greater part of forewing, elsewhere more purplish ; some grey, white-mixed speckling, especially costally on forewing and on distal half of hindwing ; the oblique line more sharply whitish, somewhat broadened (especially on the hindwmg), its proximal dark grey band on the forewing with indications of a very fine pale line near the proximal edge ; fringe nearly as above.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'OLsoufieff), 1 ? in Tring Mus.
12. Drepanogynis protactosema sp.n. cJ, 32-34 mm. Face brown. Palpus 11, with 3rd joint very small ; black distally ; the hair beneath 1st and 2nd joints red. Vertex and extreme base of
110 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
antenna white ; antenna otherwise buff, a large part of the shaft (except distally) suffused with reddish ; pectinations 3 or 4, a rather longer part of the tip non- pectmate than in typical Drepanogynis. Body rather robust, pallid purple- drab, the abdomen with some reddish-fawn suffusion and with anal end darkened.
Forewing not broad, rather elongate, apex not produced, termen smooth, strongly curved in middle to become rather strongly oblique, tornus not strong ; SC* running to apex, R- somewhat before middle of DC ; pallid purple-drab or slightly more violaceous, with quite sparse blackish irroration ; costal edge narrowly reddish ; black spots at costa just beyond J and at 5, the former extended to reach cell-fold, the latter flattened, only just crossing the stalk of SC^-* ; a minute cell-dot ; antemedian wanting ; postmedian double from R' to hindmargin, about as oblique as termen but faintly curved in the opposite direc- tion ; inner postmedian (greyish) olive, continued on and just in front of R' as a blackish dash, from which runs at an acute angle an extremely fine olive con- tinuation to connect it with the costal spot ; outer postmedian blackish, weak anteriorly ; subterminal deeply lunulate, chiefly defined by darkish shaduig on its proximal side ; very indistinct dark terminal patches, from costa to R^ and
from M' about to fold ; fringe somewhat browner. Hindwing rather elongate
costally, apex and termen (especially anteriorly) well rounded, smooth ; double postmedian continued, straightish, obUque, the inner running to abdominal margin near tornus, the extreme end of the outer lost in a grey suffusion close to tornus ; proximal area paUid purple-darb, distal strongly suffused with fawn ; subterminal traceable, posteriorly with some indistinct spots proximally.
Underside much more uniformly suffused with fawn, the forewing apically (in front of R') and the hindwing abdominally pale ; costal edge of forewing more reddish, j)roximally with some coarse black irroration ; some scattered dark irroration elsewhere ; very small black cell-dots ; a fairly thick pale postmedian line, on both wings curved or bent about R', thence on forewing straightish, on hindwing faintly inciu-ved, lost m the pale abdominal region.
Madagascar : Station PerLnet, 149 km. E. of Tananarive, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 3 cJcJ m coll. Tring Mus. A smaller, much damaged $ of a similar species — possibly even an ab. of protactosema — was taken by Melon at Diego Suarez in December 1916.
13. Hypochrosis euphrantica sp.n.
$, 35 mm. Head, with antenna, dark, strongly suffused with purple-red ; palpus little over 1, rather slender, upcurved, reddish, proximally more mixed with buff ; tongue well developed ; pectinations long (6 or over). Thorax and abdomen (partly denuded above) beneath predommantly yellow, with the thorax red-mixed ; legs dull rosy.
Forewing moderate, apex not falcate (shape nearly as in tinctaria [Walk., 1862], or, rather, the less well kao-wn fiaviftisata [Moore, 1888]) ; SC' anastomos- ing shortly with C., K- well before middle, but not extreme ; marguerite-yellow, with a very broad rosy border (about o mm.) from hindmargin to near SC (hellebore-red or slightly brighter) ; cell-spot blackish, immediately preceded by a very slightly curved black-grey transverse bar of 1 mm. width, which gradually fades away behind the fold ; ground-colour proximally to this bar with a good
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. Ill
deal of rosy suffusion and with some thick black-grey strigulae chiefly in and behind cell ; a roundish dark, red-brown centred costal spot about 3 mm. from apex. Hinclwing with termen slightly more rounded than in tinctaria ; margue- rite-yellow (or slightly brighter) proximally, hellebore-red (or slightly brighter) distally, the small dark cell-dot lying on the little curved boundary of the two colours ; a weak dark costal dash at corresponding position ; a very narrow apical border of the yellow colour, tapering to a point just behind R' ; fringe yellowish (partly lost).
Underside similar, the yellow brighter, the red paler, the proximal suffusion of the forewuig more orange ; hindwing with costal mark stronger, more pyramidal, yellow border anteriorly broader, continuing to near tornus, though posteriorly somewhat mixed with reddish.
Madagascar : Station Permet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 1 ? in Tring Mus.
14. Psilocerea barychorda sp.n.
(J, 35 mm. Head whitish ; palpus light brown, with 1st joint paler and more buff-tinged, 2nd dark-sprinkled on outerside. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, the abdomen dorsally with a slightly interrupted dark patch on the posterior segments. Legs pale, dark-spotted ; hindtibia not dilated.
Forewing shajjed nearly as in the (^ of rachicera Butl. (1880), termen slightly less sinuous ; cell appreciably less than i, the short stalk of SC''^ arising from that of SC*"' ; ground-colour nearly as in rachicera ^ ; markings darker ; ante- median similarly outbent in cell, but stronger, especially anteriorly, on costa closely preceded proximally by a redder mark ; postmedian thick, fuscous, arising from apex, markedly incurved m anterior part, running close to costa for some distance, closely approaching the small cell-dot, straighter and oblique from base of M> to before (proximal to) middle of hindmargin ; the line is accom- panied anteriorly (between SC* and SC') by some duU lavender shading on its proximal side, thence by a line of its own width, which Ls red-brown to R', subsequently huffy olive ; subterminal markings of underside faintly showing through ; fringe warmer than wing, dark-mixed at base, especially at vein-ends.
Hindwing shaped about as in rachicera ; concolorous with forewing, the
broad double line (olive and fuscous) continued, crossing end of cell, proximal edge crossing furcation of M with M^ ; an almost longitudinal dark mark beyond it, its more proximal part arising in front of M^, its distal occupying the base of cellule 3, its middle part (on M') rather less dark and redder ; subtermmal mark- ings of underside showing ; fringe as on forewing.
Underside similar, with the principal markings reproduced but strongly shaded in part with Sanford's brown, which also suffuses the base of the forewing (followed by dark subbasal spots), forms a conspicuous subapical patch on the forewing between R' and costa and a costal patch accompanying the line on hindwing ; subterminal markings mixed with fuscous and orange-brown, on the forewing oblique from M' to near tornus, strongest posteriorly, on the hindwing complete, dentate, suffusing towards termen in anterior half.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 1 J in coll. Tring Mus.
112 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
15. Psilocerea severa sp.n.
cj, 46 mm. ; $, 49-50 mm. Larger than wigrrowacwZato Warr. (1897). Fore- wing with apex slightly more produced, hindwing without even the blunt angle at R' ; irioration rather less coarse (general tone nearest to warm buff of Ridg- way) ; antemedian line not crenulate ; the principal obhque line dark, sharply defined by a pale line distally, subapical markings of forewing wanting, though the (S (besides 1 $ beneath) conserves a black dot on SC* ; lines or slender shades of distal area without black maculation.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 1 ^ (type), 2 ?$, in coll. Tring Mus.
I have compared the new species with what I beUeve to be the normal form of nigrmnaculata, which is less dusky and less heavily marked than the type and was taken (2 (J,^) with severa. Antenna of $ subserrate, with very short ciliation (the $ of nigromandata unknown to me).
16. Psilocerea harmonia sp.n.
{J 9, 38-42 mm. Antenna of o pectinate to little beyond middle, of $ simple. Hindtibia of (J with hair -pencil. Head and bodj' concolorous with wings, face generally a little paler, 2nd and 3rd joints of palpus with some dark irroration.
Foreicing with termen in J almost straight (without even the faintest angle at R^), in $ bluntly angled in middle, very faintly concave between this and the minutely produced apex ; SC'-^ shortly stalked, SC' anastomosing slightly with C ; ochraceous, the costal margin and veins sUghtly more warmly coloured ; indistinct greyish strigulation and a few blackish scales ; cell-dot small, black ; antemedian line fine, indistinct or obsolescent, rather variable, curved or bluntly bent at M just proximal to M- ; postmedian line strong (except at costal extremity), bicoloured, its proximal half grey, its distal bright red-brown, from near (2 or 3 mm. from) apex oblique to a little beyond middle of hind- margin ; a slight grey costal mark running inward from postmedian in front of SC' to costa ; ill-defined grey subterminal clouding behind R^, running in the direction of, and sometimes reaching, the tornus ; fringe noticeably darkened,
with a pale line at base. Hindwing with termen angled at R', in the (J on an
average more sharply than in the $ ; postmedian line continued, reaching abdominal margin about middle ; subterminal maculation stronger between R' and M- (often forming two spots), sometimes weakly developed also between the radials, here and towards tornus more distally placed than between R' and M'' ; fringe as on forewing.
Underside rather paler, with cell-dots and traces of the outer marking.
Grande Comoro, July-September 1911, 8 J J, 5 $5, including the type; July, September and October 1921, 2 (^(J, 1 $ ; all in Tring Mus., collected by G. F. Leigh.
1 have been calling this species russulata Mab. (Ann. Soc. Enl. Fr. Ixvi, 226, 1897, as Caberodes), said to be from the Comoro Islands. No size is given, nor exact shape, and the description seemed to fit quite satisfactorily ; but the discovery of the type <;J (in coll. Oberthiir) shows that it is a smaller species, with termen of both wings bent, that of hindwing more weakly than in harmonia (£, the distal half of the double postmedian line glaucous-whitish, not reddish, the subterminal patch of the hindwing wanting.
NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 113
Ps. harmonia jacobi subsp.n. is less ochraceous, the cj<? in general more darkly inorated and with intensified subterminal spots between R' and SM- of the hindwing, the $? paler and rarely with even a shadow of these spots, the double postmedian line bordered with pale cream-buff distally.
Madagascar : Diego Suarez (G. Melon), 20 ^J^, 12 $$, type in Tring Mus.
Ps. insularia (Mab., 1880, as Caberodes) is easily distinguishable from this, apart from the colour (which is liable to vary), by its shape — fore wing in both sexes minutely produced at apex, gibbous centrally, hindwing weakly gibbous, not angled.
17. PsUocerea olsoufieffae sp.n.
cj, 40-44 mm. Face whitish, with a faint tinge of olive-buff and with a few dark scales ; vertex more mixed with light brown. Palpus quite moderate (scarcely H), darkened on outerside. Body light drab, patagia mainly isabeUine, abdomen above with more or less well-defined clay-coloured belts or spots, especially on the anterior segments. Legs with some scattered black dots and spots, the latter chiefly at ends of tibiae ; hindtibia not dilated.
Fm'ewing with costa straightish, well curved near apex, termen shallowly excised between apex and R^, here angled, thence rather strongly oblique ; drab (really perhaps pale vinaceous drab largely suffused with brown), rather variable, brownest m median area, or especially towards the postmedian Une, warmer in the subcostal angle thereof and often rather conspicuously on some of the veins ; some black-grey irroration ; cell-dot small, black ; traces of an incomplete blackish subbasal line ; antemedian from ^ or j costa, blackish, overlaid with brown, excurved m anterior half, shortly mcurved behmd M, dentate outward at fold and (generally more weakly) at SM'' ; a black-grey suffusion just proximal to antemedian ; postmedian fine, double, proximally clay or ciimamon, distally yellowish white, oblique outward from costa near apex, angled outward (the tip of the angle rounded off) about SC^, then oblique and sUghtly or scarcely wavy to about f hindmargin ; sometimes a black-grey line proximal to the [)ost- median and a more slender one distal to it ; subterminal black-grey markings beginning near the postmedian, variable, the strongest and least inconstant being spots before and behind M' (commonly connected by a fine acute outward angle) and an amorphous oblique streak or spot rumiing out jjosteriorly towards tornus ; terminal line fine, blackish, often mixed with brown ; fringe black, with large
brown spots at the vein-ends. Hindwing with termen subcrenulate, with a
pronounced tooth at R^ ; unmarked proximally to cell-dot ; postmedian con- tmued ; distal area about as on fore wing.
Underside similarly but rather less strongly marked.
$ more vinaceous, the brown suffusions being obsolete or nearly so ; antenna well pectinate, the longest branches about 3.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarive, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 15 JJ, 10 ?? in Tring Mus.
A pretty species, near dysonaria Swinh. (1904), but more extreme in shape, etc.
18. Microgonia vesulia antilliana subsp.n.
Much more variable than the continental v. vesulia (Cram., 1779), but almost invariably of a warmer or deeper colour (cinnamon-buff or clay-colour — much as in alternata Warr., 1905 — or more or less strongly suffused with some
8
114 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
shade of grey or vinaceous-drab, sometimes producing an olivaceous tone), such as is unknown in the name-type ; the macular median clouding of forewing very rarely developed.
Jamaica (loc. typ.) and Cuba. In a fine series of 14 ^J^ and 12 $$ in coll. Tring Mus., only two examples ($9 from Jamaica) approach v. vesulia in coloration.
19. Ectropis loxosira sp.n.
5, 24-25 mm. Face with lower edge white, the rest apparently mottled (partly abraded). Palpus fidly li, heavily scaled, 3rd joint small, drooping ; more or less infuscated, base whitish. Head and body whitLsh, with brown and fuscous irroration, abdomen dorsally with ill-defined alternations of dark and whitish. Legs partly darkened, with pale rings.
Forewing narrower than in typical Ectroj)is, costa very gently curved (only in the middle straight), termen rather strongly oblique, smooth, shghtly curved ; SCi-- shortly stalked, SC^ in the type anastomosing slightly with SC'"' ; grey- white, with rather copious fuscous or blackish irroration, in places with a slightly browner suffusion ; cell-dot scarcely noticeable in the type, distinct in the (Ughter) paratype ; antemedian double, obUque outward from hindmargin at 1-1-5 mm., bent subcostally and becoming blurred ; median shade slender, anteriorly indefinite excepting a small costal spot opposite DC, posteriorly approaching the iJostmedian ; postmedian strongly black at about J hindmargm, very obUque in direction of apex, as far as R' nearly straight and distinct, blackest on veins, then strongly retracted and becoming indefinite, but with a distinct black dot or dash on R' ; a similar or stiU more oblique streak from termen in cellule (!, thickening and almost meeting the postmedian in cellule 4, then bending to form a proximal blackish shade to the subterminal ; subterminal somewhat sinuous, whitish, interrupted at the black streak, rather strong from R^ hindward ; terminal black interneural spots, connected by an extremely fine line ; fringe
pale, with dark spots opposite the veins. Hirulwing not very broad, termen
waved, in middle crenulate ; more weakly marked, at least anteriorly ; cell-dot present ; median Ime scarcely more proximal, incomplete, only strong at hind- margin ; postmedian shortly beyond ceU-dot, parallel with termen, anteriorly extremely slender, posteriorly thickening, throughout very finely whitish edged distaUy ; subtermmal slender, waved, with some dark shading proximally ; termen and fringe as on forewing.
Underside dusky, especially the forewing ; weakly marked except for the cell-dots ; forewing with a small whitish apical spot ; terminal line and fringe much as above.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), type $m coll. Trmg Mus. ; Mahatsinjo, near Tananarivo, paratype $ in coll. L. B. Prout.
As the genera in the Boarmia group are differentiated largely by o characters, the position of this very distinct species is somewhat conjectural, but I suspect it is a narrower -winged outlier of the E. sublutea (Butl., 1880) group — cf. Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1925, p. 314.
20. Cleora amictozona sp.n. (J, 2(3 mm. Head and palpus pale, clouded with fuscous ; palpus If, 2nd joint with projecting scaling above, 3rd joint moderately stout, distinct. Antennal
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 115
pectinations moderately long, fairly erect, about as in variegata (Moore, 1867) (tips lost). Thorax and abdomen brownish mixed with ochreous, the abdomen above with some ill-defined dark clouding. Fore- and midleg partly infuscated, with pale spots at ends of joints ; hindleg paler, indefinitely dark-banded and clouded, the tibia rather strongly dilated with hair-pencil, the tarsus abbreviated (less than J).
Forewing with apex slightly more rounded than in the variegata group, fovea not quite so extreme, termen scarcely waved ; SC'-'' very shortly stalked, SC anastomosing rather strongly with C ; from base to postmedian predomin- antly light wood -brown with some dark irroration, a conspicuous blackish cloud (perhaps individual) behind M and M^ from near fovea to near postmedian ; an ill-defined whitish band between median and postmedian, not reaching either margin ; lines black, incomplete, arising from equidistant costal spots ; ante- and postmedian expressed by rather large vem-dots, both weakly outbent before middle, median more strongly outbent outside the elongate cell-mark, becoming obsolescent posteriorly ; distal area whitish behind SM^ ; outside the postmedian a band of bright clay-colour (almost ochraceous-buff), dark-strigulated near costa, then pure to SM^ ; subtermtnal white, dentate, running inwards and more slender just in front of R^, its accompanymg shading almost as dark as m variegata, though less ample ; terminal area between wood-brown and clay-colour, irregu- larly dark-clouded in places ; terminal dots fairly large, connected by traces of
a fine line ; fringe dark -spotted, especially from SC* to R' and at M^ Hindwing
with termen weakly crenulate ; approximately concolorous with forewmg, but less variegated ; proximal and anterior areas tinged with greyish ; abdominal region partly whitish ; cell-dot weaker than on forewing ; postmedian little beyond it, sinuous and punctiform, becoming strong and oblique distad behind SM^ ; the shade outside it weaker and slenderer than on forewing, separated from it by a pale line ; a narrow whitish posterior band between this and the dark shading of the subterminal, which shading is quite weak ; terminal dots nearly as strong as on forewmg ; fringe scarcely spotted.
Both wings beneath more ochreous, spotted or strigulated at costa with blackish, the forewing also suffused as far as the median shade ; both wmgs with slightly elongate cell-spot, punctiform postmedian and dark terminal band, that of the forewing just over 2 mm. wide, leaving Ul-defined pale terminal spots at apex and tornus and a strong one behind R^, that of the hindwing weaker, only developed between costa and R'.
Borneo : Butik Raja, above 2,200 m., 15-20 December 1924 (Sammelreise, Prof. Dr. E. Winkler), type in Zool. Mus. Hamburg.
Evidently an outlier of the variegata group, though smaller and differing in its clear band outside the postmedian, etc. I am describing a similar but appar- ently distinct (though very variable) Cleora from Mt. Kinabalu.
21. Boarmia subpictilis sp.n.
(J, 29 mm. Close to squamosa (Warr., 1896), which it presumably represents on Borneo. Smaller, the forewing relatively shorter, the termen being still less oblique than in squamosa. Darker (less brown) ; lines of forewing a trifle less oblique, the postmedian arising from a larger costal spot and less sinuate between R* and M» ; two conspicuous brown spots developed in the pale band between
116 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
postmedian and subterminal, one between R' and R^ the other between M^ and hindniargin, the latter also noticeable on hindwing ; subterminal lunules reduced, scarcely more than white dots, but with a characteristic enlargement of the dot between R' and M» on both wings. Underside heavily marked.
Borneo : Mehipit, ca. 500 m., 8-29 December 1924 (Prof. Dr. E. Winkler's Sammelreise), type in Zool. Mus. Hamburg.
In the unique type SC'-^ are stalked to a little beyond the point of origin of SC', but this f)robably varies a Uttle individually as in squamosa.
22. Iridopsis brittonae sp.n.
cj$, 26-34 mm. Smaller than obliqxmta Dogn. (1904, Tucuman), hindtibia of (J more broadly dilated ; abdomen with stronger dark basal band. At least as variable as obliquata, a larger proportion — especially of the (J (J — clouded with blackish, particularly in the median area ; median line not double, though often thick ; fore wing with antemedian rather less obUque, rarely — and then only weakly — duplicated proximaUy, and with a pale midtermmal patch, in dark specimens almost as conspicuous as in /. ustifumosa (Warr., 1897) ; hindwuig with postmedian sharply angled at radial fold. Underside generally more strongly marked than in obliquata, the distal band of the forewing being more developed in the $, also appearing anteriorly (or sometimes throughout) on the hindwing of that sex and even showing faint traces in a few ^(^ ; cell-spot of hindwing nearly always developed.
Argentina : La Soledad, Entre Rios, close to Uruguay frontier, a good series bred and captured by Miss E. A. Britton, including the type ; El Prado, 1 $ from the same collector ; Parana, 2 (5' J ; Villa Ana, Santa Fe (K. J. Hayward) ; all in coU. Tring Mus. Chaco de Santiago del Estero ; Rio Salado, 1 (^, 1 $ in coU. L. B. Prout.
Probably near commixtala Dogn. (1904), but smaller, the largest ^J measuring not quite 33 mm., which would be 27 mm. by Dognin's calculation, whereas he gives 30 mm for his type (J ; distal area of forewing with more definite pale spot in middle, postmedian of hindwing with the angle at radial fold less produced, the inward curve between this and abdominal margin less deep ; underside more strongly marked.
23. Iridopsis mossi sp.n.
^, 32-33 mm. ; $, 37-40 mm. Closely like small (or in the $ moderate) 'pallescens Warr. (1907), typically more suffused with brownish, though whitish forms also occur. Might have been taken for a race of that species but that the dilation of the S hindtibia is less extreme and the tarsus less shortened — slightly over I, whereas in pallescens it is little over J.
Forewing perhaps a trifle narrower than in pallescens ; antemedian line a little less oblique ; cell-spot a Uttle broader (particularly noticeable on under- side) ; median line at hmdmargin rarely so close to postmedian. Hindwing
with median Une nearly always distinctly double.
Forewmg beneath with the subapical band in the ^J posteriorly cut off rather abruptly midway between R' and R^, thus appearing merely as a rather broad curved border to the white apical spot ; m the $ fundamentally as in the J,
NoVITATES ZOOLOC.ICAE XXXVIII. 1032. 117
though a little broader, but in its proximal half with a weak continuation about toR'.
W. Peru : the typical series of 3 (J^J and 5 $$ (A. M. Moss) unfortunately not precisely localized, being merely labelled " Lima to Chanchamayo," but pre- sumably from nearer to the former locality ; Barranco, near Lima (H. 0. Forbes), 1 (^, without antennae, otherwise good ; Callao (J. J. Walker), 2 ^J^J, 1 $ in coll. Brit. Mus., recorded by me (Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. KtlO, p. 340) as fulvitincta. Excepting the last-named three, all are in coll. Tring Mus.
In hindleg structure and in the double median line of hindwing mossi is nearer to the browner and more heavily spotted ohliquata Dogn. (1904), which has the antemedian line more oblique, the subapical band beneath at least as extended as in pallescens, etc. I have ignored the name fulvitincta (Warr., 1897) to which I believe -paUescens will sink, as the type has lost its hindlegs and confirmatory material from La Plata City is not known ; the rest of the synonymy given in Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1910, p. 340, was inaccurate.
24. Iridopsis tanymetra sp.n.
<J, 43-48 mm. Near nephotessares Prout (1910), but more slenderly built. Hindtarsus nearly 1. Vertex and abdomen less mixed with white.
Foreunng narrower than in nephotessares, the termen being more oblique and elongate ; more glossy, the colour -scheme slightly different, a suffusion of brownish invading parts of the median area, but leaving at least a large spot between SC* and R'' from median line to postmedian clear white ; antemedian more oblique outward from hindmargin almost to SC, then sharjjly bent to run obliquely inward, thickened at both ends ; median irregularly double, anteriorly suffused, blurring the cell-spot and sending out broad shading at R^'-R' (densest on the veins) to join the postmedian ; postmedian thickened behind fold, running vertically (not obliquely outward) to hindmargm ; apical pale spot better defined than m nephotessares. Hindiving with corresponding coloiir distinc- tions, but less variegated, the brown shade outside the postmedian famt, the dark distal shading restricted ; outlme of cell-ring weak.
Forewing beneath with the dark apical patch more extended than in nephotessares, more definitely connected with the cell-spot between R^ and M'. Hindwing with postmedian vein-dashes well developed.
Colombia : Monte ToUma, 2,700 m., December 1909, type, and February 1910, 2 d'c? (A. H. Fassl) ; all in coll. Tring Mus.
25. Iridopsis hypsinephes sp.n.
(J, 52 mm. Ampler-winged than nephotessares Prout (1910), the forewmg appreciably less oblique between apex and R^ thus with a more defmite change of direction (though no angle) at that point. Hindtarsus at least J. Body and wings above with cinnamon-drab to fawn suffusions.
Forewing with the brown shades which accompany ante- and postmedian lines almost as well developed as in nephotessares, but much less conspicuous on the less white ground ; lines not (as in tanymetra) thickened at hindmargin ; antemedian not quite so oblique as in that species, very acutely angled just behind SC' to run very obliquely inward to a blackish costal spot ; median line double, brown, only the inner mixed with black, the outer lost in a weak brown
\
118 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
postmedian suffusion between R- and R^, the inner (anteriorly to the very ill- defined white-grey cell-spot) in a thick, slightly oblique costal streak ; post- median much as in nephotessares, but somewhat less thickened between R^ and base of M' and with a slight outward curve (instead of oblique outward course) between SM- and hindmargin ; a small white streak in front of R° from median to postmedian ; subterminal fairly regular, not or scarcely interrupted ; terminal
dots slight. Hindwing whitish at base, otherwise concolorous with forewing ;
further distinguished by having the median line double, black-mixed posteriorly, a further (but weaker) line between these and postmedian, postmedian scarcely bent at radial fold, posteriorly blackened, subterminal more regular than in nephotessares.
Forewing beneath more blurred and sufifused than in nejjhotessares ; hind- wing, in addition to the cell-mark, with the lines of the upperside indicated, or at least the postmedian.
Colombia : Monte Tolima, 3,500 m., February 1910 (A. H. Fassl), type in coll. Tring Mus. A less large c? (46 mm.), somewhat worn but unmistakable, from the same mountain at 2,800 m.
The shape, tone, absence of gloss, etc., render any confusion with the preceding species impossible.
2(i. Iridopsis eutiches sp.n.
(J, 30 mm. Face above dark fuscous, below (rather less than J) very pale brownish. Antennal pectinations short (about 2) and ceasmg scarcely beyond middle of shaft, much as in validaria (Guen., 1858).
Forewing shaped about as in validaria ; the semihyaline whitish ground- colour much more suffused with brown, nearly as in transvisaia Warr. (1906) ; cell-spot oblong, blackish, not ocellated, extending the length of DC^-^, scarcely half as broad as long ; lines arising from three equidistant costal spots ; ante- median more regularly curved throughout than in validaria ; median chiefiy developed posteriorly, where it is broad, band-like and touches the postmedian ; postmedian marked by dots (minute dashes) on the vems, excurved between costa and R^, then incurved, with a slight dash outward on SM* ; dark border about 3 mm. wide, enclosing no pale spot at apex, a rather small and weak one m middle and only faint traces of the pale subterminal and of a blacker shade just proximal thereto ; terminal dark dots inconspicuous ; fringe scarcely pale-
niixed, except opposite the midterminal spot. Hindwing with ternien
rounded, harcUy waved ; dark mark close to base slighter than in validaria ; cell-mark about as on forewing, crossed by the almost straight median shade ; postmedian dots curved parallel with termen, very small except on M'', SM* and hindmargin ; border and fringe almost as on forewing, the pale midterminal spot still slighter, a dark proximal-subterminal spot on the radial fold more appreciable.
Underside similar.
Fonte Boa, Amazons, August 1906 (S. M. Klages), I ^J in Tring Mus.
The distinctions from validaria, as noted above, seem to be too numerous and important to allow of our regarding eutiches as a form of that well-known species. In any case, it is not a geographical modification, as typical, fully-sized validaria were taken with it at Fonte Boa.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 119
27. Iridopsis syrniaria (Guen.).
Tephrosia syrniaria Guen.. Spec. Gen. Lep. ix. 262 (18.58) (Brazil).
Boarmia suhferraria Walk, (part.), List Lep. Ins. xxi, 359 (1860) (Brazil) (specim. typ., Venezuela
[Tarns sel.] div. erat sp.). Boarmia suhapicala Walk., List Lep. Ins. xxvi, 1534 (1862) (Brazil).
Before describing the extraordinarily interesting species which follow (Nos. 28-33), it is necessary to say something about the legitimate owner of the above much-abused name. Guenee's description is good, and the true syrniaria — only known to me from Brazil (Rio district to Santa Catharina) — has always been correctly identified, but unfortunately at least seven other species have been constantly, or almost constantly, confused with it, six of them very excus- ably, the other less excusably. The last-mentioned may be dismissed first, as it is really outside the scope of the present study, belonging properly to the chalcea (Oberth.) group.'
In true syrniaria, which has a more brownish hue than most of the following, the valve has a short, though sharply pomted, subtriangular projection at the end of the sacculus, a boot-shaped costal projection (the toe at apex), uncus short, weak and blunt.
28. Iridopsis scolancala sp.n.
fj, 40-44 mm. About as dark as the rj of syrniaria, of which, before I examined the genitalia, I was inclmed to suppose it a race ; on an average slightly duller and more uniform, the brown tinge slightly more suffused with grey, the white parts (adjoining ante- and postmedian lines in median area, also at base of hindwing), generally including the subterminal line, less clearly differentiated, the warm shades which accompany the ante- and postmedian on their reverse sides on the whole less bright ; postmedian of forewmg with black dashes httle developed, except from costa to R", in consequence generally weak ; cell-spots on an average large.
J valve without sacculus-arm, the ventral edge sinuous, oblique, but con- tinuing to rim caudad until reaching the costal arm (not, as hi the ruperlata. group, sufficiently curved to rise vertically, or even return somewhat cephalad) ; costal arm strong, sharply bent downward and inward near its base, then forming a rather long prong whose point crosses that of the opposite valve, much as in rupertata (Feld., 1875), but bearing at its bend a very characteristic thorn on its upper- and innerside.
Colombia : Popayan (Lehmann), 18 (^cJ, including the type ; Coreato, Cauca (Fame & Brinkley), 1 ^ ; all in Tring Mus.
' The specimen figured by Oberthiir (FA. EM. vii. t. i, f. 8, 1883) as syrniaria is from Muzo, Colombia, as is shown by the archetype in hi.s collection, and belongs to a very widely distributed species (Central America to Bolivia, Paraguay and Santa Catharina) with very similar underside to syrniaria (vera) but relatively longer winged, on an average larger, more glossy whitish, the cell-spots generally white-centred, that of the hindwing often very slight, the lines in part weak, the double median of the forewing generally forming with the postmedian at the hindmargin a trio of fine, virtually equidistant dark lines, the postmedian of the hindwing in general more sharply angled outward between the radials ; ^ valve divided into a long, curved, subascending, highly chitinized sacculus-arm and a strong costal arm with a highly chitinized knob at tip, from which projects inward (i.e. so that it and its opposite meet) a slender pointed spine. I call this insect provisionally : I. Oberthiiri nom.n. { = syrniaria part., Oberth., nee Guen.) with the figured specimen as type ; I suspect, however, that it may prove a form of submarginata VVarr. (1907), from which I cannot yet distinguish it by the genitalia, though the remarkable difference in the o underside would seriously undermine the faith that is usually placed in the specific stability of Iridopsis undersides.
,i)f^ NOVITATES ZoOL(XiICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
29. Iridopsis haploancala sp.n.
(J, 40-43 mm. More variegated and more sharply marked than the pre- ceding! in almost every respect still more exactly resembling small syrniaria ; postmedian line of forewing less incurved at fold (sometimes not incurved), behind SM^ about perpendicular instead of oblique outward ; this line also with a slightly stronger outward projection than is usual in syrniaria and scolancala (but not quite constant in any of the three).
(J valve much simpler than m either of the preceding ; no sacculus-arm ; " costal arm " considerably shorter than in scolanmla, merely a short, incurved and slightly downcurved, pointed prong formed at the union of the sinuous dorsal and ventral edges of the valve. The points of the opposing prongs meet, or nearly meet, in their normal position, but do not cross as in scolanmla.
Colombia : Cafion del Tolima (A. H. Fassl), 1,700 m., 5 $$, including the type ; 2,500 m., 1 $ ; all in Trmg Mus.
30. Iridopsis aviceps sp.n.
^5^ 40-44 mm. Both sexes whiter than the S oi syrniaria, otherwise scarcely'distinguishable superficiaUy ; cell-spot of forewing generally (in syrniaria rarely) with some white scaling on DC, that of hindwing rarely as reduced as is frequent in syrniaria ; median lines of hindwing on an average more distally placed, so that the outer of them not rarely touches the cell-spot (but variable in both species) ; presubterminal spot between radials of the hindwing scarcely ever (in syrniaria commonly) darker than the others.
(J valve with a more difierentiated, broader, more bent sacculus-arm, a deep emargination between this and the costal process, which takes the form of a bird's head and neck, the beak pointing downwards, the crown rather high, the innerside beset with stiflf hair and fine spines which seem to interlock with the opposite series. Uncus represented (or replaced) by a bifid " scaphium " which descends almost to the plane of the anal cone, its arms then running curved at either side thereof.
Mexico to Panama, the type S from Cachi, Costa Rica, 3,300 feet, 20 Septem- ber-14 October 1912 (G. H. Lankester) in Trmg Mus.
A few specimens from Colombia (Candinamarca, Muzo, etc.) are on an average rather large and strongly marked and perhaps have the " bird's head " of the cj valve a little narrower, but without ampler material I will not separate them racially.
31. Iridopsis panopla sp.n.
^$, 40-47 mm. Variable in size, but on an average rather larger than aviceps, from which I can find no constant distinction in markings.
(J valve strongly chitinized round its entire posterior edge, a rather long sacculus-arm projecting downwards and inwards, the costal process with four strong spikes projecting inwards to interlock with their opposites, the effect— when unopened and viewed from behind — being as of an imbroken ring of chitin. Uncus represented by a similar development to that of aviceps.
E. Peru to E. Bolivia, the type from La Oroya, Rio Inambarl, S.E. Peru, in Tring Mus.
NOVITATE.S ZoOLOalCAE XXXVIII. l'J32. 121
32. Iridopsis acieifera sp.n.
o$, 40-42 mm. Extremely similar to the two preceding, but with the forewiiig relatively a trifle more elongate, the termen being rather longer and more oblique ; brown tinge generally more noticeable than in them, though a good deal less pronounced than in syrniaria ; cell-sjiot of forewing rather large, dark grey, much as in syrniaria, of hindwing rather long, crescentic, finely outlined ; lines fine, pretty continuous, the postmedian less coarsely dotted on the veins than in most syrniaria.
^ valve broad, strong, without differentiated sacculus ; ventral edge as it begins to curve upward showing a small notch, then with a strongly chitinized patch, which is conspicuous by its irregularly dentate edge (quite noticeable from the outside when the hairs and scales have been removed), the dorsal edge (costa) ending in a curving spme, a similar but longer spine more proximally, inclining inward ; uncus vestigial.
Venezuela : Merida, a short series in Tring Mus., including the type ; a few (J (J in other collections.
33. Iridopsis appetens sp.n.
cj^, 38-42 mm. Shape as in avicejis and panoplia, or with the costa of forewing perhaps a trifle more rounded towards the apex ; on an average slightly more brownish than they, decidedly more strongly marked than acieifera ; cell- spots about as in syrniaria, that of hindwing quite frequently fairly large and well darkened.
^ valve about as strong as in acieifera, fairly broad proximally, its ventral edge then sharply curved upward, leading to the distal armature of costa, which consists of a strong curved prong of chitin ; this does not taper to a spine as in haploancala, but, on meeting its opposing prong, has a blunt, somewhat denticu- late edge, at the dorsal extremity of which there is a small point projecting upward. Uncus represented by a " scaphium " much as in avic.eps and panopilia but with the prongs at its end more divaricating, gracefully curved.
W. Ecuador : Paramba (a series, including the type ^J), Chimbo, Lita, Balzapampa ; type in Tring Mus.
Although the above seven Iridopsis do not seem to overlap in range, the differences in the genitalia are so wide that they have obviously passed beyond the status of subspecies.
34. Synecta ulothrix sp.n.
cj$, 35-36 mm. Head whitish, the face and palpus dark-mixed, m the $ very strongly ; palpus little over 1 ; vertex and collar tinged with chamois, especially in the $. Antennal pectinations in ^J moderate, in $ short. Thorax and abdomen whitish, especially in the o ; a basal abdominal chamois belt above ; abdomen in i^ elongate, with anal tufts chamois ; in $ beneath honey- yellow posteriorly, deepest and brightest at tip. Hindtibia in ^ long, very strongly dilated, with dense chamoLs-tinged pencil, tarsus very short.
Forewing with SC'-^ coincident, in the ^Jo connected with SO-', R= connate with R' or only very shortly stalked ; fovea in the $ very slight ; white (c?) or palest grey (9), with moderate (in the o slighter) drab irroration ; cell-dot black ; lines drab or rather browner, forming dark-mixed spots at costa ; a blurred subbasal ; antemedian from about \ costa, curved in cell to become very oblique
122 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1H32.
inward, sometimes weak ; median outbent round cell-dot, then sinuous to less than i hindmargin ($) or from fold almost to hindmargin more oblique outward (c?) ; postmedian from about f costa, more dentate, with an indentation in front of the (slight) outward curve at the radials, oblique inward to fold, dentate out- ward on SM^ m the o posteriorly inclined to follow the median in its outward coiu-se ; a more macular line or shade beyond the postmedian ; proximal sub- terminal macular, rather variable, generally incomplete, strongest costally, between the radials and posteriorly ; distal shading indicated chiefly by dashes
before and behind R^ and M^ ; fringe spotted at vein-ends. Hindmng in $
normally shaped, in ,3 with anal region enormously produced and somewhat contorted, forming a large flap beneath, which is clothed with fine, long, somewhat curved chamois hair ; in q white, very feebly marked, chiefly at abdominal margin ; in 9 concolorous with forewing and continuing its essential pattern, except subbasal and antemedian lines.
Underside of J white, the forewing with indications of the markings of upper- side and a weak terminal (subterminal) band, tapering and not reaching tornus ; of $ heavily suffused with grey, which darkens to a broad but Ul-defined terminal band, and with the lines and cell-spots of the upperside also reproduced in dark grey, the forewing with small pale apical and midtermmal spots, the fringes white, with dark vein-spots.
W. Ecuador : Guayaquil (v. Buchwald), 2 ^ (^, 3 $$ in coll. Tring Mus.
A remarkable species, which by the ^ specializations might be considered to form a new genus, though the $ shows quite obvious affinity with Synecta Warr.
35. Milionia rawakensis metazosta subsp.n.
Forewing with band considerably broader than in most r. rawakensis (Godt., 1825), generally 5-6 mm., orange, very rarely (perhaps in 12-15 per cent.) suffused with red, apparently never of the clear red of r. ratvakensis ah.flamimda Voll. (1863) ; the preceding black area strongly tapering, at hindmargin generally
obsolete, interrupted or extremely slender. Hindtving with terminal band
narrowed, approaching that of r. woodlarkiana Rothsch. (1896), usually 4 or at most 6 mm., the black spots nearly always small, well separated, the apical slight or obsolete, scarcely ever connected with the proximal black area by any costal streak.
British New Guinea : Mambare River, Hobiicote Bay to Owen Stanley Range, Hydrographer Mountains, Milne Bay, etc. ; the type o from Lower Mambare River, May 1906 (A. S. Meek), in Tring Mus. Also from Rawlinson Mountains, Mandated New Guinea, in the same collection.
Notwithstanding the great variability of rawakensis everywhere, including Milne Bay, which has necessitated some reservations in the above description, the general difference between this and name-typical rawakensis, from Waigeu and Dutch New Guinea, is very striking.
36. Milionia rawakensis tagulensis subsp.n. Forewing with the orange band still broader than in r. metazosta (iii large
specimens 7 or 8 mm.), the preceding black streak similar. Hindwing variable,
but with the orange band always broad, generally extremely so, often occupying about one-half the wing, or even more ; the black vein-spots, especially the
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. ' 123
anterior ones, elongate, often forming long wedges, all isolated, or those on SC^ and Ri somewhat confluent in their middle, the spot at apex generally minute or wanting, a narrow costal streak from black basal area towards apex, on the other hand, often developed.
Louisiades : Sudest Island (Eichhorn bros.), 6 (^(^, 3 $$ in Tring Mus.
37. Craspedosis triangularis Prout.
Craspedosis casta triangularis Prout, JVov, Zool. xxiii. 71 (1916) (Mount Goliath).
I do not now think this is a race of casta Warr. [infra), though the bare possibihty is not yet morphologically ruled out. A race (1), with the white more extended, on the forewmg reaching DC' and base of R' and rather less pointed anteriorly — 2 $$, near Oetakwa River, Snow Mountains, up to 3,500 feet — may probably prove worthy of a name on more adequate material.
38. Craspedosis casta Warr. (1903). Warren's type, from Upper Aroa River, remains unique. In addition to the distinctions given in the key below, it differs in the much less curved boundary of the white areas ; the comparative straightness of that of the forewing would result in a very definitely triangular form but for a slight encroachment of the apical black in front of R' almost to its base.
39. Craspedosis curvilimes sp.n.
$, 44-51 mm. Head and thorax black, the latter above becommg mar- guerite-yellow posteriorly, thence shading through a yellower colour to the orange of the abdomen ; abdomen above and beneath predominantly orange, almost always with a black spot behind the tympanal orifice. Legs blackish.
Foretoing yellowish white (much whiter than marguerite-yellow) ; black border from base of costa broadening to about 3 mm., tapering after crossing M, but more or less strongly round-edged anteriorly and distally, at R' and hindward about 3 mm. wide ; its inner and proximal edges very narrowly grey rather than
black. Hindwing concolorous, with the black border well curved proximally,
broad, varying from 6 or 7 to 4 or 5 mm. (proportionally rather less in the smallest specimens).
Underside the same, except that the grey edgings to the black borders of the forewing in part (behind SO proximally and again behind R' or M' in increasing width to the hindmargin) are increased.
British New Guinea : Hydrographer Mountains, 2,500 feet, January-May 1918 (Eichhorn bros.), 8 $$, including the type ; Dutch New Guinea, Snow Mountains : near Oetakwa River, 2 $$, Upper Setekwa River, 1 $ ; all in Tring Mus.
In the Hydrographer Mountains series there is a remarkable dimorphism which nearly betrayed me into assuming two species. Four have broad black abdominal belts, but on an average appreciably less broad black borders than the type ; but I find that one of the remaining four has strong belts ventrally, without a trace of them dorsally, and has the borders about as in some of the fuUy belted examples. Two of the four belted specimens have, further, a fine white terminal streak on forewmg from apex, tapering to vanishmg point behmd M'.
124 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1«32.
A (J from Rawlinson Mountains, inland of Huon Gulf (Keysser), has not been made the type, because it may represent a different race : 4(5 mm. ; abdominal belts above strong, as in the Hydrographer $-ab., beneath slighter ; borders very broad, on forewing from apex to R' 10 mm., on hindwing at R' over 6 mm., at R' over 5 mm.
The three species of the casta group may be briefly differentiated as follows :
1. Yellow-white, base of hmdwing concolorous ... 2 White, not yellow-tinged, base of hindwing black . . triangularis Prout.
2. Proximal black of forewing narrow, scarcely entering
cell ; abdominal margin of hindwing buff . . casta Warr.
Proximal black of forewing broad, filling base of cell ;
abdominal margin of hindwing not buff . . . curvilimes sp.n.
-to. Craspedosis chrysopyga sp.n.
cJ, 36—42 mm. Near iiniplaga Warr. (189(1), possibly a race, though the antennal ciliation is a trifle longer (over 1, in uniplaga apparently just I) and the terminal joint of the palpus, though short, may be slightly better developed than in that species. Head and body black, but the 6th-8th segments of the abdomen (at least beneath ; above sometimes only the 7th-8th) orange-buff to capucine-j^ellow.
Foreiving black, with rather shorter white patch than in uniplaga, extending from Ri to fold, or not quite to fold, typically narrow, at its widest (central) part not more than 2 mm. wide, in these forms, as in uniplaga, just outside the cell, in an aberration (two specimens) widening to just over 3 mm. and entering the
cell. Hivdu'ing with the white patch more as in u. angustiplaga Prout (1024),
somewhat variable, a rather pointed anterior end crossing, or at least reaching, the base of SC^ a broader posterior one behind cell, its distal end bluntly produced (rounded), culminatmg on M'.
Underside similar, the white patches somewhat extended by grey shading.
New Ireland, November 1923-February 1924 (A. F. Eichhorn), 6 (J (J in Tring Mus.
As C. C. ampliplaga subsp.n. I describe '2 (S<S from Talasea, New Britain, February-April 1925 (A. F. Eichhorn). The orange of abdomen restricted, both above and beneath (hardly more than the 8th segment and the hair of anal end). White spots larger, that of forewing widening to 4 or 5 mm. at M-R' and M^, well roimded behind (broad pear-shaped), that of hindwing about 0 mm. at both its longest diameters.
41. Craspedosis stenotera sp.n.
(J, 45 mm. ; $, 50 mm. Closely related to swinhoei Rothsch. (1915) but with abdomen unicolorous, without a trace of the orange uppersides of that species. Wings slightly narrower, rather more strongly marked, the pale line of the hind- wing above and beneath, especially in the ^J, running to hindmargin close to tornus.
Dutch New Guinea, Snow Mountains : Upper Setekwa River, 2,000-3,000 feet, July 1910, type o ; near Oetakwa River, up to 3,500 feet, October-December 1910, allotype $ ; both in Tring Mus., received from A. S. Meek.
I hafl, without special attention, placed the.se with semilngens Warr. (1896), from which they differ not only in their narrower and darker wings but also in the broader retinaculum of the ^ and the stronger fovea of the $.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. . 126
42. Craspedosis exotasis sp.n.
cJ?, .35-42 mm. Intermediate between nigerrima Warr. (1903) &nd picaria Warr. (1897, as Stenocharta), probably nearer to the former ; dLstinguishable at once from picaria by having no white on the face and collar, as well as by its smaller size and slightly less slender build ; from nigerrima by having the forecoxa of the (J snow-white instead of dirty grey-whitish ; from both (but especially from nigerrima) by the very strong fovea of the ^J-
Forewing with the oblique white mark apparently much less variable than in nigerrima, m all the known examples 1-5-2 mm. wide on upperside, a little
wider beneath. Hindwing with the white patch ample, on an average longer
than ill nigerrima and less rounded than in picaria, the side opposite the abdominal margin being somewhat flattened as in the former, the distal end more produced between the folds than is usual m either of the allies.
Goodenough Island, 2,500-4,000 feet, 3 cJc?. 3 $?, including the type ; Hydrographer Mountains, 2,500 feet, 1 (^ ; Booboomie, Aroa River, 1 (J, 2 $$ ; all in Tring Mus.
43. Hylemeridia eurema editorum subsp.n.
Forewing with costal edge in c^ black as far as C and colouring the retina- culum, m $ also black, though very narrowly ; termmal black border reduced, in the (J leaving proximal part of cellule 3 white, in the $ quite narrow, curved. Hmdwing with the apical black spot long and narrow, forming a haK-band from before C to behind R'.
Katanga : Kafakumba, J type and a $ ; River Kutete, 1 $ ; all in Tring Mus. A § from Ituri River (T. A. Barns), which I cannot now compare, also evidently belongs here.
Notwithstanding that the variabihty of eurema (Plotz, 1880) = dexithea (Druce, 1887) = eurymelanotes Prout (1915), from the coastlands of W. Africa, can give rise to the breakdown of one or another of the above-given distmctions in individual cases (excepting, I think, the black costal edge of the $), there seems no doubt that this is a good race.
Nothylemera gen.n.
Face with moderately appressed scales. Palpus moderate, upcurved, shortly scaled, terminal jomt distmct. Tongue develojjed. Antenna bipectinate to near apex. Pectus scarcely hairy. Femora glabrous. Hindtibia with
terminal spurs only. Forewing elongate, apex moderate, termen smooth,
curved, oblique ; no fovea ; cell almost j, DC' and DC* fairly long, somewhat convergent distally, DC^' fairly straight, SC' shortly stalked with SC'', anastomos- ing slightly or connected with C, R- about central. Hindwing elongate
anteriorly, termen moderately rounded, smooth ; cell well over 1, DC normal, C approximated to SC m second fourth and to shghtly beyond middle, then rapidly divergmg, SC^ from near Rs M' rather remote at origin from R^
Type of the genus : Nothylemera vinolibata sp.n.
Differs from Hylemera and all other African genera of the group {Braccinae of Warren) in the lack of the proximal spurs of the hmdtibia.
44. Nothylemera vinolibata sp.n. cJ, 27 mm. Head, with palpus and antennal shaft, orange ; pectinations blackish. Thorax in part orange, then duller, a rather large vinaceous posterior
126 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
spot, tegula anteriorly vinaceous ; abdomen orange, very slightly dulled with grey.
Wings orange-buff. Forewing above with the ground-colour only showing
along costa (to near apex) and in a narrow area towards middle ; proximal area broadly suffused with vinaceous, anteriorly and on the veins a little brighter ; a slightly excurved blackish line from midcosta to about f hindmargin, with minute teeth inward on M, M^ and SM- ; colour beyond this vinaceous -brown, on the
veins rather greyer ; fringe dark grey proximally, whitish buff distally.
Hindwing with a vinaceous-brown distal border, which measures 1-5 mm. ante- riorly, reducing to 1 mm. posteriorly ; fringe as on forewing.
Underside similar, but with the proximal suffusion of forewing fainter and duller.
Katanga : Kimpuki, Kafakuma dist., 2 April 1925, type ^ in coll. Tring Mus. ; 150-200 miles W. of Kambove, 3,500-4,500 feet (S. A. Neave), 1 (J in coll. Brit. Mus.
This may well prove a race of " Hylemera " neaera Druce (1887), founded on a single $ from " Cameroons," which species in any case belongs to Nothylemera ; the great difference in the border of the hindwing Ls probably in part sexual. But as I am making the new form a genotype, it avoids complication to erect it provisionally as a species.
45. Lomographa synclines sp.n.
(J, 17-18 mm. Head light brown ; face, palpus and occiput dark-mixed. Thorax and abdomen concolorous with wings, the abdomen above with the ochraceous-tawny colour strong, enclosing pale mediodorsal spots. Foreleg iiifuscated on upper- and imierside.
Forewing rather broad, apex round-pointed, termen for some distance almost straight, then curving to become more oblique ; SC^-* free ; whitish buff, coarsely and profusely irrorated with ochraceous-tawny, the irroration partly confluent in such wise as to suggest minute reticulation ; a dark costal line, in proximal area broadening to a small basal patch ; antemedian Ime rather heavy, especially anteriorly, the tawny element slightly dark-mixed, from beyond \ costa to near middle of hindmargin ; postmedian broad, strongly dark-mixed, from scarcely beyond § costa, gently excurved, gradually approaching a similarly colovued terminal line, which it meets at tornus ; slight suffusion in distal area about the radials and near tornus, indicating the characteristic pattern of Lomo- grapha sect. Heterostegane ; fringe dark-spotted. — Hindwing with C anastomos- ing very slightly, M' well separate ; concolorous with forewing ; a minute cell- dot, closely followed by a fine and weak curved median line ; a narrow dark termmal band (1 mm.), intenser in its proximal than in its distal half.
Underside pale, with slight suffusions but without irroration ; the markings aU dark plumbeous, consequently all of nearly equal intensity ; proximal area of forewing largely darkened.
Madagascar : Station Perinet, 149 km. E. of Tananarivo, 20 October- 10 November 1930 (Mme N. d'Olsoufieff), 3 (J<J in coll. Tring Mus.
Will certainly belong to the section Heterostegane {^ antenna ciliated), not far from monilifera Prout (1915).
NOVTTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 127
ORNITHOLOGISCHE ERGEBNISSE DER EXPEDITION STEIN
1931-32.
I. DIE VOGEL VON WAIGEU.
Beabbeitet von lord ROTHSCHILD (Paradisabidae, Psittaci, Ralli), ERWIN STRESEMANN und KNUD PALUDAN (Einleitung und die
UBEIGEN GrUPPEN).
EINLEITUNG.
\\ WAIGEU, die grosste unter den westlichen papuanischen Inseln, besitzt in den beiden Paradiesvogein Paradisaea (,, Uranornis ") rubra und Schlegelia resjjublica zwei hochst auffallige Endemismen, welche die besondere Aufmerk- samkeit der Ornithologen schon friihzeitig auf dies Eiland gezogen haben.
ZUR erforschungsgeschichte.
Quoy & Gaimard (1818). Die ersten Zoologen, welche der Insel einen Besuch abstatteten, waren (wenn man von dem kurzen Aufenthalt Labillardieres im August 1793 absieht) die beiden Franzosen J. R. C. Quoy und J. P. Gaimard. Die Corvette " Uranie," an deren Weltreise sie als Naturforscher teilnalimen, landete am 16. Dezember 1818 auf dem dicht vor der Waigeukiiste gelegenen Inselchen Lawak = Rawak, und von dort aus wurden bis zum 6. Januar 1819 Bootsfahrten nach der Kiiste der Hauptinsel und einigen ihr nordlich und nordwestlich vorgela- gerten Inselchen unternommen [Nova Guinea I : A. Wichmann, Entdeckungs- geschichte von Neu-Ouinea {bis 1828), pp. 303-306]. Hierbei wurden Sauromarptis gaudichaud und Megapodius freycinet entdeckt ; jener erhielt seinen Namen zu Ehren des Botanikers, dieser zu Ehren des Kommandanten der " Uranie." Weiterhin wurde der Typus von Ducula pinon gesammelt, benannt nach Madame de Freycinet, einer geborenen Pinon.
Lesson & Gamot (1823). Fiinf Jahre spater erhielt die Insel abermals den Besuch einer franzosischen Forschungsexpedition : Die Corvette '" La Coquille " warf am 6. Sept. 1823 an der Nordkiiste von Waigeu in der Fofakbai den Anker, um 10 Tage spater weiterzusegeln. An Bord befanden sich die Zoologen R. P. Lesson und P. Garnot. Auch sie sammelten wahrend des kurzen Aufenthalts einige Vogel, von denen ausser Paradisaea rubra, dessen Heimat dis dahin unbekamit gebUeben war, noch der Typus von Myzomela eques Erwahnung verdient.
Wallace (i860). Bei diesen sehi' sparhchen Nachrichten iiber die Vogelwelt Waigeus bheb es, bis Alfred Russell Wallace, der grosse zoologische Pionier Niederlandisch Indiens, auf der Insel landete. Er nahm vom 4. Juli bis 29. Sept. 1860 sein Standquartier in Muka, einer an der Siidkiiste gelegenen Ortschaft, und unternahm von da aus einen Abstecher nach dem Dorfe Besir auf der Nachbarinsel Gemien [A. R. Wallace, Der Malayische Archipel, Braunschweig 1878, ii, pp. 324-341]. Ihm gliickte es, die Zahl der von Waigeu bekannten Vogelarten auf eine ansehnliche Hohe zu bringen, und aus seiner Ausbeute beschrieb G. R. Gray Ptiloiis sonoroides, Ptilotis poly gramma, Redes cerviniventris.
128 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Redes leucorhynchus, Myiolestes affinis, Oerygone neglecta, Machaerirhynckus albifrons, Henicophaps albifrons.
Bernstein (1863). Aufs beste fiir seine Aufgabe vorbereitet, erreichte der fiir die Ornithologie begeisterte Arzt und Zoologe Dr. Heinrich Agathon Bern- stein, ein gebiirtiger Breslauer, die Insel Waigeu am 1. Marz 1863 und richtete sich zu langerem Aufenthalte im Dorfe Umka ein, am Ostausgang der Strasse von Gemien gelegen. Ihm wiu'de die Freude zuteil, die Heimat des schonen Paradies- vogels Schlegelia re.ipublica zu entdecken, der zuerst von Bonaparte als Lophorina respublica und Heinige Monate spater nach. einem Balg ohne Fundort von Cassin als ParwH.sea wilsoiii beschrieben worden war. Aus seiner reichhaltigen Ausbeute, die ans Leidener Museum gelangte, beschrieb er im Jourtial fiir Ornithologie 1864, pp. 401-408 Arachnothera vagans (= Melilestes megarhynchus vagans), Zosterops fusca ( = Gerygone inagnirostris cabana), Corvus megarhynchus (= Macrocorax fuscicapillus megarhynchus) und fiigte, wie dies seine Art war, treffende Bemerkungen iiber die Lebensweise iiinzu. Leider waltete ein Unstern iiber dieser Expedition ; Bernsteins Leute erkrankten und starben zum Teil, ja schliesslich warfen die Anstrengungen der Suche nach Schlegelia den Forscher selbst aufs Krankenlager, und er musste am 6. Mai die Riickfahrt nach Ternate antreten ! '
Beccari (1875). Der bekannte italienische Forschungsreisende Odoardo Beccari stattete Waigeu zweimal einen kurzen Besuch ab ; und zwar wedte er vom 6.-14. Marz 1875 in Nakre an der Siidost-Spitze und im Marz 1876 einen Tag bei Saonek (Odoardo Beccari, NuovaOuinea, Selebes e Molucche, Firenze 1924). Guillemard (1883). Als Naturforscher der Marchesa-Expedition besuchte der Englander F. H. H. Guillemard die Insel Waigeu vom 24. bis 31. Oktober 1883, wobei er vor allem am grossen Fjord und bei Momos (an dessen Miindung gelegen) sammelte. Seine Ausbeute gelangte grosstenteils uis Tring-Museum (Guillemard, The Cruise of the " Marchesa," 2. ed. London 1889).
Platen (1883-84). Kurz danach hielt sich der deutsohe Forschungsreisende Dr. Carl Platen einige Monate (von Nov. 1883-Febr. 1884) auf Waigeu auf ; er erkrankte bier und wurde zur Umkehr gezwimgen, nachdem er 656 Vogelbalge gesammelt hatte, die in den Besitz des Eiersammlers Amtsrat Nehrkorn iiber- gingen und sich jetzt grosstenteils in den Museen zu Braunschweig und Berlin befinden. Nehrkorn veroffentliche eine sehr fehlerhafte Liste im J. f. 0. 1885, pp. 30-35. Dr. Platen gliickte es, erne Reihe von Arten der Liste der Waigeu- Vogel hinzuzufiigen. Aus seiner Ausbeute konnten Edolisoma tenuirostre nehrkorni und Ptilinopus nanus ininimus beschrieben werden ; beide sind von keinem anderen Reisenden auf Waigeu erbeutet worden.
Bruijn (1875-ca. 1885). Der Federhandler A. A. Bruijn in Ternate liess durch seine gutgeschulten eingeborenen Jager, wie in vielen anderen Gebieten der Molukken und Papuasiens, so auch auf Waigeu fiir europaische Museen Vogelbalge sammeln ; sie gingen anfangUch zumeist an Graf Salvadori, spater auch an andere Ornithologen, wie E. Oustalet und W. Rothschild. Aus diesen Sammlungen stammen alle bisher bekannt gewordenen Exemplare des interea- santen (irossfusshuhnes Aepypodius bruijni.
Waterstradt (1902). Im Auftrag des Tring Museums sammelte der Dane Johannes Waterstradt im Jahre 1 902 eine unbedeutende Anzahl von Vogelbalgen auf Waigeu.
' Fwiach u. V. Martens, J.J. O. 1866, pp. 130-143.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 129
stein (1931). Obwohl sich der Aufenthalt des Herrn Georg Stein und seiner Gattin auf Waigeu nur vom 6. Mai bis 16. Juni erstreckte, ist seine Samm- lung doch vollstandiger als die irgend eines seiner Vorganger, und es gelang ihm, der Liste der Waigeu-Vogel 14 Brutvogel, 7 davon in neuen Rassen, hinzuzufiigen, namlich :
Aplonis meiallica metallica (Temm.).
Myzmnela nigrita steini subsp. nov.
Glycichaera fallax pallida subsp. nov.
Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvad.
Oerygone chloronota meisei subsp. nov.
Sericornis spilodera ferruginea subsp. nov.
Edolisoma ceramense incertmn (A. B. Meyer).
Lalage atrovirens atroviretis (Gray).
Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis subsp. nov.
Chalcites malayanus poecilunis (Gray).
Rhamphoniantis megarhynchus sanfordi subsp. nov.
Loriculus auraniiifrons batavorum Stres.
Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothsch. & Hart.
Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Bodd.).
DER BERICHT DER EXPEDITION STEIN.
" Unser Arbeitsgebiet in Waigeu war die MajaUbitbay. Wir erreichten den auf dem Ostufer im nordbchen Teile der Bucht gelegenen Kampong Warmek am 9. V. 1931 und sammelten dort die Vertreter der Tieflandsfauna bis zum 19. V. Glycichaera fallax pallida, Toxorhamphus iliolophvs cinerancens, Gerygone chloronota meisei, Sericornis spilodera ferruginea waren die bemerkenswertesten Ergebnisse. Unserer Absiclit, den nicht allzu weit von Warmek entfernten, auf alien grosseren Karten mit 1000 m bezeichneten hochsten Punkt der Insel zu erreichen, war nicht durchfiihrbar, da diese unter dera Namen ' goenong nok ' bekannte Erhebung'eine einzige bizarre Felsnadel war, die aus dem sie umgebenden kuppenartigen Gelande heraustach. Vom 20.-28. V. stand unser Lager ira gebirgigen Hinterland von Warmek in etwa 300 m Hohe. Hier lebte auch Schle- gelia respublica, die im Kiistengebiet fehlte. Leider befanden wir uns im Damargebiet, das infolge seiner Einformigkeit relativ tierarm ist. Die Urwald- baume besassen hier gigantische Ausmasse ; die meisten Vogel trieben sich in den sozusagen einen Wald iiber dem Wald bildenden Ki-onen umher. Ausi"ei- chende Serien zu erbeuten, stiess auf die grossten Sohwierigkeiten, da wie in alien Damarwaldern Unterholz verhaltnismassig schwach entwickelt war. Die einzigen Stiicke von Rhampho mantis megarhynchus sanfordi und Chalcites mala- yanus poecilurus kamen hier zur Strecke, ebenso die Paare von Edolisoma melan waigenense imd Lcdage a. atrovirens.
Unser naohstes Ziel war der zwischen der Majalibit- iind Fofakbay gelegene Gebirgszug Lam-Lam (31. V.-5. VI. 32). Schon auf unserer Fahrt durch die herrliche, im Eingang ganz fjordartige Majahbit-Bucht — wie auch spater — waren uns sparlich bewaldete Kuppen auf gef alien, wo haufig nur noch einzelstehende abgestorbene Stiimme zu erblicken waren, dazwischen niedriger Buschwald und Alang-Alangflachen. Die Ursache davon in menschlichen Eingriffen zu sehen (Abbrennen !), niochte ich fiir verfehlt halten, da ganz
9
130 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Waigeu ur.sprunglich wohl unbewohnt war unci auch heute sehr sparsam, nur an den Kiisten, bewohnt ist. tjber menschliche Siedlungen im Innern der grossen Insel haben wir nichts in Erfahrung bringen koiinen.
Lam-Lam (ca. 300-5(1(1 m) zeigte nun ganz ausgesprochenen Trocken- charakter. Von Farnen unentwii'rbar diu'chzogene Alang-Alangflachen wech- selten ab mit niedrigem Buschwald. Der diirftige Wuchs, das vollige Fehlen grosser Urvvaldbaume, der Mangel an Epyphyten liessen keinen Zweifel daran zu, dass wir uns im Trocken- bzw. Monsunwald befanden. Welchen Anteil diese hier kiirz skizzierten Gebiete mit Trockencharakter an der Gesamtflaclie von Waigeu haben mogen, entzieht sich unserer Kenntnis, erwahnensweit erscheint mir das Vorhandensein schon, weil wir sie weder auf einer der von uns besuchten Inseln im Norden Neuguineas noch auf dem Festlande selbst angetroffen haben, und weil Prof. Stresemann auf die auffallende Blassheit mancher ende- mischer Vogelrassen Waigeus hinweist. tJber die allgemeinen khmatischen Verhaltnisse der Insel vermogen wir bei der Kiirze unseres Aufenthaltes nichts zu sagen, an Regen hat es jedenfalls nie gefehlt. Trotz des Vorhandenseins aller fiir sie giinstigen Bedingungen liess sich im Lam-Lam kein Vertreter der Ploceiden feststellen, iiberhaupt war das Gebiet auSallend tierarm. Oriolus und Philemon waren haufig, also Gattungen, die wir dann spater in Timor und Sumba als typische Vertreter des Buschwaldes kennen lernten. Xanthotis, Oedistoma, Toxorhamphus novaeguinea zogen durch, von Papageien hin und wieder ein Flug Geoffroyus, dazu einzeln Probosciger aterrimus, Cinnyris nicht zu vergessen, dieser typische Bewohner des trockenen Sekundarbusches. Auch eine kleine Serie von Myzomela nigrita in einer schonen neuen Rasse trostete uns kaum iiber die Magerkeit unserer Ausbeute.
Es fehlten uns immer noch einige charakteristische Vertreter der Vogel- fauna Waigeus. Die kleine Micropsitta und Loriculus erbeuteten wir ebenso wie Gerygone magnirostris im Mangrovewald bei dem Kampong Liussok, etwa in der Mitte der Majalibitbay an ihrem Ostufer gelegen. Zum Abschluss hielten wir uns in dem Kampong Lupintol, nahe dem Eingang der Majalibitbay gelegen, auf, von wo ^vir taglich ins Gebirge stiegen, in der Hauptsache, um nach Aegypodiu.s bruijni zu suchen, von dem wir bisher keine Spur batten entdecken konnen. Auch hier war alle Miihe vergebens, und icli halte es nicht fiir unwahrscheinlich, dass bei diesem nur durch die eingeborenen Jager Bruijns gesammelten Gross- fusshuhn eine Verwechslung des Fundortes vorgekommen ist. Durch die vergeb- liche Suche nach diesem Vogel sind uns leider andere Arten entgangen, darunter auch Pitta sordida novaeguineae, deren charakteristische Krii krii kiikiiiii ich im Kiistenwald von Lupintol des Morgens ofters gehort hatte."
VERZEICHNIS DER BRUTVOGEL.
Das nachfolgende Verzeichnis umfasst 141 Arten. Dass es noch immer unvollstandig ist, diirfte nicht zu bezweifehi sein. Fiir eine Insel von 2630 km* sind 141 Brutvogel eine stattliche Zahl. Die weit grossere Insel Seran (17000 km') hat nur etwa 119, Flores (15100 km=) nur etwa 141 Brutvogelarten. Unter den ungefahr gleichgrossen Inseln ist Bali (5500 km=) mit gegen 150 Brutvogelarten ebenso reich bevolkert wie Waigeu. Beiden Inseln ist es zugute gekommen, dass sie mit einem grossen Landgebiet durch lange Zeitraume in unmittelbarer Verbindung gestanden haben : Bali mit Java, Waigeu mit Neuguinea.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 131
Corvidae.
1. Corvus coronoides orru Bp.
2. Macrocorax fuscicapillus megarhynchus Bernstein.
Paradisaeidae.
3. Manncodia ater subsp. *
4. Paradisaea rubra Daud.
5. Schlegelia resjmblica (Bonap.).
6. Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothsch. & Hart.
Oriolidae.
7. Oriolus szalayi substriatus Stres. & Pal.
Stumidae.
8. Mino dumontii dumontii Less.
9. Aplonis cantoroides cantoroides (Gray).
10. Aplonis obscura obscura (Bp.).
11. Aplonis metalUca metaUica (Temm.).
Dicruridae.
12. Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius Bp.
Meliphagidae. ,
13. Myzomela eques eques (Less. & Gam.).
14. Myzomela nigrita steini Stres. & Pal.
15. Toxorhamphus iliolophus cinerascens Stres. & Pal.
16. Toxorhamphus novaeguLneae novaeguineae (Less.).
17. MeUlestes megarhynchus vagans (Bernst.).
18. Glycichaera fallax pallida Stres. & Pal.
19. Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvad.
20. Lichmera argentauris argentauris (Finsch).
21. Meliphaga analoga analoga (Rchb.).
22. Meliphaga notata sharpei (Rothsch. & Hart.).
23. Meliphaga virescens sonoroides (Gray).
24. Xanthotis chrysotis fusciventris Salvad. 26. Xanthotis polygramma polygramma Gray.
26. PhUemon novaeguineae novaeguineae (S. Miiller).
Nectariniidae.
27. Cinnyris jugularis frenata S. Miiller.
28. Cinnyris sericea cochrani Stres. & Pal.
Dicaeidae.
29. Dicaeum pectorale S. Mijll.
30. Melanocharis nigra pallida Stres. & Pal.
132 No\aTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Laniidae.
31. Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).
32. Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Less.).
33. Pitohui kirhocephalus cerviniventris (Gray).
34. Pitohui ferrugineus leucorhjiichus (Gray).
35. Myiolestes megarhynchus affinis Gray.
36. Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis Stres. & Pal.
37. Pachycephala phaeonota (S. MiilL).
Artamidae.
38. Artamus leucorhynchus papuensis Bp.
Muscicapidae.
39. Peltops blainviUei (Less. & Gam.).
40. Monarcha guttula guttula (Gam.).
41. Monarcha alecto chalybeocephalus (Gam.).
42. Monarcha chrysomela melanotiis Sclater.
43. Arses telescophthalnius batantae Sharpe.
44. Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca (Quoy & Gaimard).
45. Rhipidura rufiventris gularis S. Miill.
46. Rhipidura rufifrons squamata Miill. & Schleg.
47. Poecilodryas hypoleuca steini Stres. & Pal.
48. Microeca flavovirescens Gray.
49. Gerygone chrysogaster neglecta Wall.
50. Gerj'gone chloronota meisei Stres. & Pal.
51. Gerygone magnirostris cobana (Math.).
52. Gerygone palpebrosa palpebrosa Wall.
53. Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albifrons Gray.
Timeliidae.
54. Crateroscelis murinus capitalis Stres. & Pal.
55. Sericornis spilodera ferruginea Stres. & Pal.
Campophagidae.
56. Coracina lineata axillaris Salvad.
57. Edolisoma melan waigeuense Stres. & Pal.
58. Edolisoma tenuirostre nehrkorni Salvad.
59. Edolisoma ceramense incertum A. B. Meyer.
60. Lalage atrovirens atrovirens (Gray).
Hirundinidae.
61. Hirundo tahitica frontalis Quoy & Gaim.
Pittidae.
62. Pitta sordida novaeguineae Miill. & Schleg.
63. Pitta mackloti mackloti Temm.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 11132. 133
Macrochires.
64. Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Le.ss.).
65. Collocalia esculenta siibsp.
66. Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis Stres. & Pal.
Capriniulgi.
67. Caprimulgus macrurus schillmolleri Stres.
Podargi.
68. Podargiis papuensis papuen.sis Quoy & Gaim.
69. Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaim.
Striges.
70. Ninox theomacha (Bji.).
71. Ninox rufa humeraUs (Bp.).
Bucerotes.
72. Rhyticeros plicatus ruficollis (Vieill.).
Coraciae.
73. Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Sclater.
Halcyones.
74. Alcyone azurea lessoni Cass.
75. Alcyone pusilla (Temm.).
76. Ceyx lepidus solitarius Temm.
77. Tanysiptera liydrocharLs galatea Gray.
78. Halcyon saurophaga saurophaga Gould.
79. Halcyon chloris chloris (Bodd.).
80. Syma torotoro torotoro Less.
81. Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaim.).
82. Melidora macrorhina waigiuensLs Hart.
Cuculi.
83. Cacomantis variolosiis infaustus (Cab. & Heine).
84. Chalcites malayanus poecilurus (Gray).
85. Rhamphomantis megarliynchus sanfordi Stre.s. & Pal.
86. Eudynamis scolopacea rufiventer (Less.).
Psittaci.
87. Cacatua galerita macrolopha (Rosenb.).
88. Probosciger aterrimus alecto (Temm.).
89. Opopsitta diophthalmus diophthalmus (Hombr. & Jacqu.).
90. Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha Oberh.
91. Tanygiiathiis megalorhynchos megalorhynohos (Bodd.).
92. Alisterus amboinensLs dorsalis (Quoy & Gaim.).
93. Geoffroyus geoffroyi pucherani (Gray).
94. Eclectus roratus pectoralis (S. Miill.).
234 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
95. Loriculus aurantiifrons batavorum Stres.
96. Lorius lory major Rothsch. & Hart.
97. Eos squamata squamata (Bodd.).
98. Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (L.).
99. Charmosynopsis placentis placentis (Temm.).
Accipitres.
100. Spizaetus gurneyi (Gray).
101. Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.).
102. Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vieill.).
103. Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieill.).
104. Henicopernis longicauda (Gam.).
105. Aviceda subcristata reinwardti (Miill. & Schleg.).
106. Accipiter novaehoUandiae leucosomus (Sharpe).
107. Accipiter poliocephalus Gray.
108. Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothsch. & Hart.
Gressores.
109. Threskiornis aethiopicus moluccus (Cuv.).
110. Ardea sumatrana Raffl.
111. Demigretta sacra sacra (Gm.).
112. Biibulcus ibis coromandus (Bodd.).
113. Butorides striatus moluccarum Hart.
114. Nycticorax caledonicus subsp. ?
Steganopodes.
115. Phalacrocorax melanoleucus melanoleucus (VieUl.).
Columbae.
116. Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Temm.).
117. Ptilinopus pulchellus pulchellus (Temm.).
118. Ptilinopus perlatus perlatus (Gemm.).
119. Ptilinopus rivolii prasinorrhous Gray.
120. Ptilinopus iozonus humeralis Wall.
121. Ptilinopus pectoralis pectoralis Wagl.
122. Ptilinopus nanus minimus Stres. & Pal.
123. Megaloprepia magnifica alaris Stres. & Pal.
124. Ducula myristicivora rayristicivora Scop.
125. Ducula rufigaster rufigaster (Quoy & Gaim.).
126. Ducula pinon pinon (Quoy & Gaim.).
127. Myristicivora bicolor (Scop.).
128. Columba vitiensis halmaheira (Bp.).
129. Reinwardtoena reinwardti griseotincta Hart.
130. Macropygia amboinensis doreya Bp.
131. Gallicolumba rufigula rufigula (Jacq. & Puch.).
132. Chalcophaps stephani stephani Rchb.
133. Henicophaps albifrons albifrons Gray.
134. Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L.).
135. Goura cristata minor Schleg.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 135
Anseres.
136. Tadorna radjah radjah (Garn.).
Limicolae.
137. Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.).
Lari.
138. Sterna bergii cristata Steph.
Ralli.
139. Eulabeornis tricolor tricolor (Gray).
GaUi.
140. Megapodius freycinet freycinet (Quoy & Gaim.).
141. Aepypodius bruijni (Oust.).
In der Liste der Brutvogel, fallt besonders die voUige Abwesenheit von Bewohnern des Graslandes auf : weder Lonchura (^= Munia), noch Cisticola, Megahtrus und Centropus sind auf Waigeu gefunden worden. Ferner gibt es anscheinend keine eigentlichen Gebirgsvogel auf Waigeu, da die hochste Erhebung nur bis knapp 1000 m. aufragt.
VERZEICHNIS DER ZUGVOGEL.
1. Muscicapa griseosticta (Swinh.) — Muscicapidae. Aus Siidost-Sibirien.
2. MotaciUa cinerea caspica (Gm.) — Motacillidae. Aus Ost-Sibirien.
3. Coracina novaehollandiae melanops (Lath.) — Campophagidae. Aus Siid-
AustraUen.
4. Merops ornatus Lath. — Meropes. Aus Siid-Austraiien.
5. Eurystomus orientalis pacificus (Lath.) — Coraciae. Au.s Siid-Australien.
6. Halcyon chloris sancta Vig. & Horsf. — Halcyones. Aus Siid-Australien.
7. Cuculus optatus Gould — Cuculi. Aus Ost-Sibirien.
8. Cacomantis variolosus variolosus Vig. & Horsf. — Cuculi. Aus Australien.
9. Butastur indicus Gm. — Accipitres. Aus Siidost-Sibirien.
10. Accipiter soloensis (Horsf.) — Accipitres. Aus Ostasien.
11. Ixobrychus sinensis (Gm.) — Ardeidae. Aus Ostasien.
12. Stiltia Isabella (VieiU.) — Limicolae. Aus Australien.
13-20. Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm., Charadrius leschenaulti Less., Chara- drius mongolus mongolus Pall., Actitis hypoleucos (L.), Tringa glareola (L.), Tringa uicana brevipes (Vieill.), Calidris acuminata (Horsf.), Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.) — Limicolae. Aus Ostasien.
ZUR BESIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE.
Waigeu nimmt sowohl nach seiner geographischen Lage wie nach seiner Fauna eine vermittelnde Stellung zwischen Neuguinea und den Nordmolukken ein. Die meisten seiner Vogelarten sind papuanischen Ursprungs und von Neuguinea her entweder direkt oder iiber Salawati-Batanta eingewandert. Als der Westrand des papuanischen Festlandes sioh (im Mittel- oder Spattertiar ?) in Inseln aufzulosen begann, hat zweifellos Waigeu mit Batanta zuerst insulare
136
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXXVlll.
Selbstandigkeit erlangt ; viel spater erst hat sich Salawati von Neuguinea losge- lost. Die schmale, aber tiefe Meerestrasse, welche Salawati von Batanta trennt, ist noch heute eine wichtige Faunenscheide, wenngleich sich der einstige Kontrast zwischen der Tierwelt beider Inseln mehr und mehr zu verwischen scheint und Batanta im Pleistocan mehrere Vogelarten von Salawati her empfangen hat, die hier urspriinglich gefehlt haben diirften, da sie auf Waigeu nicht vorkominen.
Karte I. — tJbersichtskarte von West -Neuguinea mit den uniliegenden Inseln. Die Isobare von
500 m. ist punktiert.
Dass die Ablosung von Waigeu-Batanta ins mittlere oder spatestens jiingere Tertiar verlegt werden muss, bezeugen die ausgepragten Endemismen wie Para- disaea rvhra, Schlegelia respublica, Aepypodiiis bruijni und Pitohui kirhocephalus cerviniventris , deren Verwandtschaft in Neuguinea wohnt.
Auf Waigeu und Batanta, abee nicht auf Salawati. Paradisaea rubra.
Schlegelia respublica (Salawati : Diphyllodes magnificus). Xanthotis chrysotis fusciventris.
Pitohui kirhocephalus cerviniventris u. batantae (Salawati: P. k. uropygialis). Pitohui ferrugineus leucorhynchus (Salawati : P. f . ferrugineus). Arses telescophthalmus batantae. Eos aquamata squamata (Salawati : Eos fuscata).
Auf Salawati und Batanta, abee nicht auf Waigeu. Ciciimurus regius.
Gymnocorvus tristis (Waigeu : Macrocorax fuscioapillus). Rhipidura maculipectus. Coracina papuensis. Cacomantia castaneiventris. Centropus raenbeki. Chalcopsittacus ater ater. Megapodius reinwardt. Ptilinopus aurantiifrons.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 137
AuF Waigeu nuD Keuouinea. aber nicht atjf Salawati und Batanta. Macrocorax fuscicapillus (bernsteini). Myzomela nigrita (steini). Toxorhamphus iliolophus (cinerascens). Glycichaera fallax (pallida). Oediatoma pygmaeum. Melanocharis nigra (pallida). Rhipidura rufiventris (gularia). Gerygone chloronota (raeisei). Gerygone palpebrosa (palpebrosa). Sericornis spilodera (ferruginea). Coracina lineata (axillaris). Edolisoma morio (nehrkorni). Edolisoma ceramense (pallidigula). Ninox theomacha. Ninox rufa (humeralis). Rhamplioraanti8 megarhynchus (sanfordi). Loriculus aurantiifrons.
AuY Salawati, aber nicht aup Batanta und Waiqed. Seleucides m. melanoleucus. Melanopyrrus anais anais. Pycnopygius stictocephalus. Monarcha trivirgata bernsteini. Rhipidura tlirenothorax. Chenorhamphus grayi. Todopsis c. cyanocephalus. Lyncornis papuensis. Oalliechthrua leucolophus. Opopsitta g. guilelmi-tertii. Charmosynopsis r. nibronotata. Ptilinopus coronulatus trigeminus. Ducula zoeae. Eutrygon terrestris. Talegallus cuvieri. Casuarius unappendiculatus.
Einige wenige Arten Waigeus sind von den Molukken her eingewandert und nicht bis nach Neuguinea gelangt, namlich :
Aplonis obscura. Halcyon chloris. Tanygnathus megalorhynchos. Eoa squamata.
Ferner werden auf Waigeu oder wenigstens auf den dicht vorgelagerten Inselchen einige Vogelarten angetrofEen, die iiber die kleinen Inseki der Moluk- kensee wait verbreitet sind. Dass sie auf Neuguinea vermisst werden, hat ohne Zweifel einen oekologischen, nicht einen historischen Grund : sie finden eben nur auf kleinen Inseln die ihnen zusagenden Lebensbedingungen, ohne dass sich bisher angeben lasst, worin diese bestehen. Es sind :
Lichmera argentauris. Pachycephala phaeonota. Rhipidura rufifrons squamata. Halcyon saurophaga. Myristicivora bicolor. Caloenas nicobarica. Ptilinopus rivolii.
138 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Endlich gehort zur Fauna von Waigeu noch eine Taubenform, die nur auf den westlichen papuanischen Inseln beheimatet ist : Ducula myristicivora 7nyristicivora.
PARALLELITAT DER GEOGRAPHISCHEN VARIATION.
Ein aufEalliges Merkmal vieler endemischer Vogelrassen Waigeus besteht darin, dass sie blasser gefarbt sind als ilire aiif der Berau-Halbinsel lebenden geographischen Vertreter. Das tritt besonders deutlich an olivfarbenen Feder- tonen hervor : auf Waigeu sind sie heller und graulicher, das heisst, die betreffen- den Federn enthalten weniger gelbes Lipochrom und weniger dunkles Eumelanin als bei Manokwari. Scharfer noch ist vielfach in dieser Hinsicht der Gegensatz zwischen Waigeu einerseits und der Nordkiiste Neuguineas zwischen Mamberano und Sepik andererseits.
Das Gesagte gUt z. B. fiir die folgenden Rassenkreise :
Toxorhamphus iliolophua. Glycichaera fallax. Meliphaga analoga. Meliphaga notata. Melanocharis nigra. Microeca flavovirescens.
Schwachere Pigmentierung ist auch in anderen Fallen ein Kennzeichen der Waigeu-Rasse, so bei
Myzomela nigrita. Pitohui ferrugineus. Poecilodryas hypoleuoa. Sericornis spilodera. Edolisoma ceramense.
Es steht zu vermuten, dass die beobachtete ParaUeUtat auf klimatische Bewirkung zuriickgeht ; mangels einer meteorologischen Statistik lasst sich diese Annahme vorerst noch nicht bekraftigen.
SYSTEMATISCHER TEIL. Vorbemerkungen : Alle Langenmaasse in Millimetern, Gewichte in Gramm. Fl. = Flugel ; Sohw. = Schwanz (mittleres Steuerfederpaar) ; Gew. = Gewicht. In den Tabellen bedeutet $^ : Hoden sehr stark entwickelt ; (J„ : Hoden sehr klein, und Entsprechendea fiir das weibliche Geschlecht ($3, $2, $„ 9o)- Die Nummem entsprechen den Balgnummern der Sammlung Stein.
Corvus coronoides orru Bonap. Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1636. 19. V. Sz- Fl- 305 ; Schw. 162 : 1. Jahresmauser.
1637. 7. VI. (Ji. „ 337 ; „ 166 ; ad.
1638. 13. VI. ?,. „ 327 ; „ 162 ; ad.
Wie bei vielen Raubvogeln, z. B. Accipiier gentilia und Halinetus albici'la, so ist offenbar auch bei diesem Raben der Jugendschwanz relativ viel langer als der Altersschwanz. Das geht aus den obigen Messungen und noch folgenden weiteren Feststellungen hervor : Jobi ^2 ^d. Fl. 322 ; Schw, 167 ; — Jobi $ juv. Fl. 309 ; Schw. 167.— Manokwari ,^1 ad. Jahresmauser, Fl. 340 ; Schw. 169.— Numfor $ juv., Fl. 304 ; Schw. 166. Die physiologische Bedeutung dieser
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 139
Erscheinung liegt wahrscheinlich darin. dass der lange Scliwanz die Tragflache vergrossert und dadurch zur Entlastung der Fliigelmuskulatur, die erst allmahlich ihre voile Leistungsfahigkeit erreicht, beitragt. In der Grosse und in der Schna- belform stimmen die Vogel von Waigeu mit solchen von Neuguinea iiberein.
Mageninhalt : Fruchtfleisch mit Kernen (1637), Fruchtfleisch, dazwischen weizenkorngrosse Kerne (1638), Krabben, Beeren, Samen (Jobi 314).
Macrocorax fuscicapillus megarhynchus (Bernstein).
Ccmnis megarhynchvs Bernstein, J. f. 0. Bd. 12, p. 407 (1864 — Waigeu). 1631. 19. V. (Jj. Fl. 335 ; Schw. 167
1634. 22. V. o'z- .. 337 ; „ 174 ; Gew. 750 1633. 16. VI. $1. „ 336 ; „ 172
1635. 1. IV. $„. (Grossgefieder noch im Wachstum !)
Berliner Mub. 27. 596 : Waigeu, Platen leg. 3. I. 1884, ^ Fl. 333 ; Schw. 167.
Farbung : 1631 und 1634 mit ganz schwarzem Schnabel.
1633 mit grosstenteils gelbem Schnabel, der nur in der Spitzenhalfte, langs des Firstes und der Schnabelschneiden sowie an der Spitze schwarz ist.
1635 mit ganz gelbem Schnabel, der die schwarzen Flecken von 1633 nur leicht angedeutet hat, und mit gelblichen statt schwarzen Sohlen der Laufe und Zehen.
Der letztgenannte Vogel tragt das schon von Salvadori {Orn. Pap. ii, p. 489) beschriebene Jugendkleid, in welchem der Vogel etwas an den viel langschwanzigeren und in der Augenumgebung nackten Oymnocorvns frisHs erinnert. 1633 tragt, der Struktur nach zu urteilen, das kombinierte I. Ja. Kl. und wiirde mit der ersten Grossgefiedermauser einen einfarbigen schwarzen Schnabel erhalten haben. Mit Salvadori nehmen wir an, dass die Schnabelfarbe kein Geschlechtsmerkmal ist, sondern ein Altersmerkmal. Ein im ersten Jahreskleid befindlichea Mannchen des Berliner Mus. von Taua am Mamberano hat ungefahr dieselbe Schnabelfarbe wie 1633, aber die schwarze Farbung dehnt sich schon weiter gegen die Schnabelbasis bin aus. Dieser Vogel steht bereits in Grossgefiedermauser, in der er merkwiirdigerweise die beiden ausseren Handschwingen jederseits vor den iibrigen Handschwingen und die beiden ausseren Steuerfedernpaare wechselt.
Dieser kurzschwanzige Rabe mit kobaltblauen Augen und ausserst hohem Schnabel ist ebenso wie Gymnocortms tristi>i ein Fruchtfresser, was schon Bernstein festgestellt hat und von Stein bestatigt worden ist, der als Mageninhalt Fruchtfleisch. und als Inhalt des Darraes roten Fruchtsaft notierte. Wir halten es nicht fiir angebracht, diesen merkwiirdigen Vogel in die Gattung Corvns zu stellen, wie es Meinertzhagen (Nov. Zool. 33, 1926, p. 69) getan hat.
Verbreitung und Rassen : Die Verbreitung dieses Vogels ist seltsam zerrissen : man hat ihn bisher nur auf den Aru-Inseln imd auf Waigeu gefunden, und das Berliner Museum besitzt ein Stiick, das von Riggenbach am lO.vii. 1910 bei Taua am Mamberano erbeutet worden ist ; sonst ist dieser Vogel vom Festland Neuguuieas nicht nachgewiesen worden. Der Typus von Macrocorax fuscicapillus Gray stammt nicht von Dorey, sondern — wie aus der Beraerkung von Wallace in Ibis 1863, pp. 100-102, klar hervorgeht — von den Aru-Inseln. Es scheint,
140
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. l!l.'!2.
dass Waigeuvogel etwas kiirzere und niedrigere Schnabel haben als solche von den Aru-Inseln und vom Mamberano, wie aus folgenden Massen hervorgeht :
Waigeu I
Taua
Unterschiede in der Fliigellange bestehen wahrscheinlich. nicht ; freilich ist das (J von Taua mit 343 uni etwas langfliigliger als die Vogel von Waigeu.^ Biologisches bei Bernstein, I.e.
|
Schnabellange. |
Schnabelhohe |
|
|
1631 . |
. 70 |
28 |
|
1634 . |
. 71 |
27,5 |
|
1633 . |
. 72 |
27 |
|
.596 . |
. 73 |
27 |
|
— |
. 80,5 |
29 |
Manucodia ater subsp. ? Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen,
Stein.
|
1595. |
16. VI. |
(J2- |
Fl. 184 |
||
|
1594. |
8. VI. |
cJ^. |
.. 188 ; |
Gew |
272 |
|
1599. |
15. VI. |
<?2- |
.. 191 |
||
|
1552. |
2. VI. |
S2- |
„ (182) |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
1598. |
15. V. |
Si- |
,. 185 |
238 |
|
|
1597. |
16. V. |
$a- |
„ 177 |
180 |
|
|
1600. |
15. V. |
?!• |
„ 178 |
224 |
|
|
1596. |
21. V. |
s. |
„ 174 |
— |
|
|
1593. |
15. VI. |
??. |
„ 172 |
206 |
Ich wage es nicht einen neuen Namen zu schaffen, da die Unterschiede in der Farbung ohne sehr grosse Serien von einunddemselben Platze in der Gattung Manucodia schwer festzustellen sind. Es scheint mir aber, dass diese Serie aus Waigeu einen starkeren und tieferen purpurblauen Glanz hat als die Stiicke aus Manokwari und weniger griinlich, mehr blau auf dem Bauche ist.
Paradisaea rubra Baud.
Paradism ruhra Daudin, Traite tVOrn. Bd. 2, p. 271 (1800 — New Guinea ?).
Gesammelt von : Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1571. |
15. VI. |
S2- Fl. 169 |
Gew. 208 |
voUea Prachtkleld |
||
|
1583. |
2. VI. |
<?z- . |
, 176 |
„ 224 |
■> .. |
|
|
1579. |
26. v. |
<?2. . |
, 176 |
,. 210 |
||
|
1629. |
15. VI. |
<?!■ . |
■ 171 |
„ 227 |
||
|
1584. |
16, VI. |
<?!. ■ |
, 174 |
„ — |
||
|
1577. |
12. V. |
<?!• . |
, 173 |
„ 201 ; |
||
|
1576. |
12. V. |
6v . |
, 174 |
„ 200 ; |
||
|
1619. |
16. VI. |
(Jl- ■ |
, 170 |
„ — |
||
|
1578. |
26. V. |
cJi. . |
, 175 |
„ 209 |
||
|
1580. |
7. VI. |
cJi. , |
, 174 |
„ 175 |
||
|
1575. |
7. VI. |
c?,. , |
. 171 |
„ 158 |
||
|
1630. |
22. V. |
32- , |
, 173 |
„ 156 |
||
|
1617. |
15. VI. |
32- , |
, 175 |
„ 204 |
||
|
1620. |
7. VI. |
3i- ■ |
, 173 |
„ 212 |
||
|
1624. |
11. V. |
3i- . |
, 174 |
„ 193 |
||
|
1582. |
9. VI. |
Si- |
, 174 |
„ 209 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
141
|
1574. |
27. |
V. |
<Jl- |
Fl. 170 |
Gew. 204 |
|
1625. |
26. |
V. |
<?!• |
„ 174 |
„ 201 |
|
1626. |
15. |
VI. |
cJ,. |
„ 169 |
„ — |
|
1618. |
11. |
V. |
cJ,. |
„ 163 |
„ 177 |
|
1572. |
10 |
V. |
cJi- |
„ 172 |
„ 204 |
|
1587. |
15. |
VI. |
cJi- |
„ 158 |
„ — |
|
1628. |
13. |
V. |
(Jo- |
„ 160 |
„ — |
|
1585. |
11. |
V. |
$2- |
„ 150 |
„ 159 |
|
1581. |
13. |
V. |
?2- |
„ 161 |
„ 179 |
|
1573. |
27. |
V. |
$1- |
„ 152 |
„ 182 |
|
1627. |
11. |
V. |
?. |
„ 150 |
„ 135 |
Diese Art, einer der altest beschriebenen Paradiesvogel, ist fast nur bekannt nach den Tausenden von Balgen, die in den Federhandel kamen. Daher ist diese prachtvolle Serie von 11 cJ J iin Piachtkleide, 3 jiingeren ^^^^ mit ausge- bildeten mittleren Steuerfedern, 5 cJcJ juv. in $9 Kleide und 4 $$ eine der schonsten Eifolge des Herln Stein. Die Entwicklung der hornartigen mittleren Schwanzfedern aus Federn, die anfanglicli normale Federn sind, durch mehrere Mausern nach und nach sich nach vorne zu einer an einem diinnen Drahte sitzenden Flagge verdiinnen, um endlich zu einer Hornplatte zu werden, ist hochst inter- essant und zeigt, wie die Umgestaltung der Schmuckdrahte von Seleucides in den Bastard Janthothorax mirabilis auf umgekehrtem Wege vor sich gegangen ist.
Mageninhalt : Fruchtfleisch, Samen von Bohnengrosse, aber nicht im Darmtrakt (1574).
Schlegelia respublica (Bonap.).
Lophorina respu'jlira Bonaparte. Compf. Rend. Ac. Sci. xxx, p. 131 (Februar 1850— Fiindort
unbekannt). Paradisea toilsoni Cassin, Proc. Acad. Sc. Philad. Bd. v, p. 57 (August 1850 — Fundort unbekamit). Schlegelia calm Bernstein. Xat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. 27, p. 79 (1864— Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1095. |
21. V. |
(53- |
FI. 96 |
Gew. 53 |
|
1100. |
8. VI. |
3^- |
„ 99 |
„ 66,5 |
|
1099. |
8. VI. |
<3i- |
„ 99 |
„ 59 |
|
1094. |
21. V. |
i,- |
„ 97 |
„ 52,5 |
|
1101. |
8. VI. |
3i- |
„ 96 |
„ 59,5 |
|
1093. |
25. V. |
Si- |
„ 96 |
,, 66 ; Klelngefieder in Mauser. |
|
1092. |
25. V- |
cJi- |
„ 96 |
„ 57 |
|
1098. |
22. V. |
<?»■ |
., 96 |
„ 61 |
|
1091. |
22. V. |
* 01- |
„ 98 |
„ 59; tjbergangskleid, Schnabelinnengriinlichweiss, Fiisse schon blau. |
|
1097. |
21. V. |
<Jl- |
„ 97 |
„ 56 ; 1. Jahreskleid. |
|
1096. |
26. V. |
?1- |
., 96 |
„ 53 |
Von dieser hochst merkwiirdigen Art hat Stein 8 alte ^J^J (1 in voller Mauser), 1 (J juv., 1 cJ juv., 1 9 gesammelt. Es sind in den letzten Jahren durch Wilfred Frost und Shaw Mayer viele dieser Vogel lebend nach Europa gekommen, und so sind wir mit der wunderbar schonen blauen Farbung der nackten Kopfhaut und der Beine bekannt geworden, woriiber keine Angaben der Sammler auf Etiketten oder in Biichern zu finden waren.
Mageninhalt : Fruchtkerne, keine im Trakt (1099), Fruchtfleisch (1093), Friichte mit Kernen von Bohnengrosse, im Darmtrakt keine Kerne (1098).
142
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Ailuroedus buccoides oorti Rothsch. & Hart.
AUuroedus huccoides uorti Kothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. Bd. xx, p. 526 (1913 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Bruijn, Platen, Stein. 1568. 7. VI. $j. Fl. 138. Gew. 152.
Von dieser Form hat Herr Stein nui' ein $ erbeutet, welches die Kennzeichen der Unternrt deutUch zeigt.
Mageninhalt : Friichte, dazwischen Schalenreste von Schnecken.
Oriolus szalayi substriatus subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
1548. 23. V. <Jj. Fl. 148 ; Gew. 103 (Typua).
1549. 10. V- $0. " 1*5 ; Gro83gefiedermauser.
Mit Vogeln von Neuguinea iibereinstimmend bis auf den Umstand, dass die Schaftstriche der Bauchfedern weniger hervortreten und die ganze Unterseite etwas grauhcher braun, nicht so braunhch erscheint wie bei den Neuguinea- Vogeln (verghchen mit Exemplaren von Manokwari, Weyland-Gebirge und Sepik-Gebiet).
Mageninhalt : Friichte mit Samen von Erbsengrosse, auch im Trakt.
Typus : (J ad., Waigeu, 23. Mai 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 1548.
Mino dumontii dumontii Lesson.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Guillemard.
Leider hat Herr Stein es fiir unnotig gehalten, einige Belegstiicke dieser Art zu sammeln, so dass die Frage, ob die Waigeuvogel von der griinschillernden Rasse dumontii zu trennen smd, nicht von uns entschieden werden kann.
Aplonis cantoroides cantoroides (Gray).
Salvadori, Ihis 1886, p. 152 (Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Platen (vergl. Salvadori, I.e.).
Aplonis obscura obscura (Bonap.).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Platen.
Salvadori {Orn. Pap. ii, p. 455) hat die von Bernstein gesammelten Exera- plare gesehen imd sagt von iluien, dass sie sich durch besondere Grcisse und lange Schwanze auszeichnen.
Aplonis metallica metallica (Temm.). Gesammelt von . Stein.
986. 12. V. cJj. Fl. 108 ; Schw. 90 ; Gew. 58,5 ; Flugelmauser.
|
993. |
17. V. |
cJl- |
,. 106; |
., |
Grossgefledermauser |
|
|
994. |
16. V. |
§2- |
„ 108; |
„ 85; |
„ 61 |
|
|
992. |
16. V. |
?»• |
„ 102; |
Mauser. |
||
|
999. |
16. V. |
$0- |
„ 106,5; |
,. 79; |
„ 64 |
|
|
991. |
18. V. |
?0- |
„ 104; |
.. 79; |
., 59; |
Mauser. |
|
990. |
18. V. |
?o. |
„ 106; |
„ 90; |
„ 64 |
Samtlich im Alterskleid.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 143
Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius Bonap. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Beccari, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1562. 10. V. (Ja. Fl. 160 ; Gew. 91
1586. 10. VI. (Ji. „ 157 ; „ 83,5
1564. 10. VI. cJi- - 157,5 ; „ 83
1565. 22. V. $1. ,. 149 ; „ 80 ; Grossgefiedermauaer.
Ununt&rscheidbar von Exemplaren au.s Manokwari und dem Sepikgebiet.
Mageninhalt : Hartschalige Kafer, ganz verschluckt (1562). Insekten (Jobi 258 und 208). Heuschrecken (Jobi 288). Heuschrecken und Fliigeldecken von Kafern (Numfor 921). Fliegen (Manokwari 115).
Myzomela eques eques (Lesson & Garnot).
Cinnyris eques Lesson & Garnot, Voy. " Cotiuille." livr. 4. pi. 30 (1828 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Stein.
(J<J ad. (12. V.-IO. VI.) Fl. 67-67,5-68-68,5-69^-69,5-70^-70,5'-7P-72=-73.
Schw. 48,5-5P-51,5^-52=-52,5-53'-53,5--54-552-562.
Schn. 12-12,5-13°-13,3=-143-14,22-14,5-15.
Gew. 13-13,53-13,7-13,8-14"-14,2'-14,52-14,7-15,2-15,52-15,7. <J(Jjuv. (15.-30. V.) Fl. 662-67 ,.5- ; Schw. 49-50 ; Schn. 13^- ; Gew. 14,2=.
$ ad. (30. V.) Fl. 60,5 ; Schw. 43- ; Schn. 11,5.
1 (J ad. in Grosagefiedermauser. Schnabellange gemessen vom Vorderrand des Nasenlochea.
Unsere Serie von Waigeu scheint sich gegeniiber Balgen von Misol und dem Vogelkopf durch kiirzeren und breiteren roten Kehlfleck auszuzeicbnen. In- dessen mag dies an verschiedener Streckung des Halses Uegen, und wir wagen daher nicht, der beobachteten Tatsache einen Wert beizumessen. ^ tSSt Nr. 1392, 1406 tmd 1408, tragen das Jugendkleid. Es gleicht in der Farbung im wesentlichen dem Alterskleid, aber die Federn sind etwas weitstrahliger und woUiger. Die Unterseite ist etwas braunlicher, weniger graulich, und die Ohrdecken sind nicht wie beim ad. braunschwarz wie der Oberkopf, sondern leicht rotbch getont. Der rote Kehlfleck ist wie beim ad. ausgebUdet. Es ist sehr mteressant, festzustellen, dass das Jugendkleid der Populationen, welche die Nordkiiste zwischen Rubi und Astrolabebai bewohnen, ganz anders aussieht. Hier ist namlich der Vorderkopf matt karmoisinrot, die Kopfseiten sind ebenfalls karmoisinrot (eine Farbung, die bei den jungen M . e. eques nur ganz schwach angedeutet ist), und die roten Federn des Kehlschildes treten erst auf, nachdem diese Region durch rauchbraime Federn mit ganz schmalen roten Spitzen befiedert worden ist. A. B. Meyer (Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1. Abtl. Bd. 70, 1874, p. 216) hat dieses Jugendkleid als erster nach einem Exemplar von Rubi beschrieben. Stresemann beschrieb es erneut in Arch. f. Xaturgesch. 1923, A. 7, p. 47. Es liegt uns jetzt vor vom Mamberano, von Hollandia und dem Sepikge- biet, in insgesamt 7 Exemplaren. Wahrscheinlich gleicht das Jugenkleid auf Misol und auf dem Vogelkoisf demjenigen der Waigeuvogel. Wir benennen daher die Rasse, welche das primitive Jugendkleid besitzt und unseres Wissens zwischen Rubi und Astrolabebai lebt :
Myzomela eques primitiva subsp. nov. Typus : $ juv., Gratlager im Sepikgebiet, 20. August 1912, Dr. Biirgers leg. Nr. 396 (im Zoolog. Museum Berlin).
|
1299. |
2. VI. |
03- |
Fl. 60; |
Schw. 43 ; |
Schn. 15 ; |
Gew. 8,6 |
|
1300. |
1. VI. |
(J2- |
„ 60; |
„ 46; |
.. 15; |
,. 9,3 |
|
1302. |
1. VI. |
cJ. |
„ 54; |
„ 36; |
.. 15; |
,. — |
|
1303. |
1. VI. |
?2- |
„ 51; |
„ 35; |
„ 14,5 ; |
.. 7,5 |
|
1301. |
2. VI. |
$2- |
„ 51; |
„ 35; |
„ 14; |
., 7 |
144 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1U32.
Myzomela nigrita steini Stres. & Pal.
Mijzomda nigrita steini ytrescinaim & Paludan, O. M. B.4U, p. 14 (1932 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Stein.
Fliigeldecken in Mauser.
Die Originaldiagnose lautet wie folgt :
" Waigeu, wo Herr Stein eine kleine Serie (2 q^J, 2 $$, 1 (J I. Ja. K.) von Myzomela nigrita sammelte, Lst ein fiir diese Art neuer Fundort. Sie tritt dort ill einer endemischen Rasse auf, die von besonderem theoretischen Interesse ist, denn man hat in ihr das bisher fehlende Bindeglied zwischen der stark geschlechtsdimorphen Rasse nigrita Gray (anscheinend = meyeri Salvad. = pluto Salvad.) iind den in beiden Geschlechtern schwarzen Rassen ernstinayri Meise vom Ninigo-Archipel und hades Meise von St. Matthias gefunden. Das Weibchen der Waigeu-Rasse, die wir ihrem Entdecker widmen, ist dem Mannchen sehr ahnlich, hat aber noch Spuren der roten Kehlfarbung, die beini Weibchen von nigrita Gray so stark hervortritt.
jj ad. Im Vergleich zu alien anderen Rassen nicht einfarbig schwarz, sondern auf Riicken und Unterkorper sehr dunkel mausgrau (etwa deep mouse- gray, Ridgw. Tab. 5), nach dem Kopf zu in mattes Grauschwarz iibergehend. Analgegend und Unterschwanzdecken noch heller grau als iibrige Unterseite. Fliigel und Schwanz matt schwarz ; Untertliigeldecken, Axillaren und Innen- saume der Schwimgfedern schneeweiss, wie bei nigrita Gray. Fliigel 60, Schnabel 15, Schwanz 43-46 mm.
$ ad. Im Wesentlichen wie (J gefarbt, aber Kinn und vorderster TeU der Kehle nicht schwarz, sondern schwarz mit breiten roten Spitzen, iibrige Unter- seite etwas heller mausgrau als beim (J, ohne den oUvbraunlichen Ton der weib- lichen nigrita. Oberseite ebenfalls ohne olivbraunen Ton. Stirn imd Kopfseiten graulich schwarz, ohne jede rote Farbung. Armschwingen nicht so tief schwarz wie beim q vuid mit selir schmalem ohvfarbenen Aussensaum. Fliigel 51, Schnabel 14-14,5, Schwanz 35 mm.
I. Ja. K. Wie 5 ad., aber etwas grosser, besonders mit grosserem Schnabel. Fliigel 54, Schnabel 15, Schwanz 31 mm.
Typus : o ad., Waigeu : Lamlam, 2. Juni 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1299.
Verbreitmig : Waigeu."
Toxorhamphus iliolophus cinerascens subsp. nov.
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Stein.
S<S (11. V.-9. VI.) Fl. 62-62,5-63-64-64,5=-65,5-66 Gew. 11-11,5-11,7-12-12,22-12,5 <J juv. : 9. VI. Fl. 57 ; Gew. 11,5
?? (29. V.-12. VI.) Fl. 58-592-60" ; Gew. 9,5-10=-ll,2
Auf Waigeu lebt die blasseste unter alien bisher bekannten Rassen von Toxorhamphus iliolophtis. Sie ist noch armer an Eumelanin und gelbem Lipo- chrom als Toxorhamphus iliolophus affinis Salvad. vom Arfakgebirge und unter-
NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXVIII. UI32. 145
scheidet nich von diesem durch weisslichere, weniger grauliche Toniing von Kehle, Brust und Bauchmitte und reiner aschgraue, viel weniger olivfarbige Saumung der Federn des Oberkopfes. T. i. iliolophus, welcher Jobi, Miosnom, das Cyclopen-Gebirge und SeiDikgebiet bewohnt, ist sowohl auf dem Oberkopf wie auf der Uiiterseite weit leicher an gelbem Lipochrom aLs afflnis, so dass wir eine fortlaufende Reihe habeii, die zu immer starkerer Entwicklung des Lipo- chromes fiilirt.
Typus : Waigeu ^ ad. 11. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1318.
Verbreitung : Waigeu.
Toxorhainphus novaegiiineae novaeguineae (Lesson). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, GuiUemard, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
|
1338. |
10. V. |
03- |
Fl. 71 ; |
Gew. 13,5 ; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
1337. |
12. V. |
03- |
., 72,5; |
„ 13,8 |
|
|
1332. |
6. VI. |
02- |
„ 71; |
||
|
1329. |
29. V. |
cJ^. |
,. 70; |
„ 11 |
|
|
1327. |
30. V. |
cJi- |
„ 65,5; |
„ 12 |
|
|
1341. |
25. V. |
(Jl- |
„ 65; |
.. 13,5 |
|
|
1328. |
9. VI. |
s,. |
„ 72; |
„ 12 |
|
|
1335. |
7. VI. |
<?!• |
„ 66,5; |
„ 13 |
|
|
1336. |
9. VI. |
" C? ? " |
„ 67,5; |
., 12.5 |
|
|
1331. |
22. V. |
"5?" |
„ 68,5; |
,. 11 |
(J!). |
|
1334. |
20. V. |
?=■ |
„ 62; |
„ 9,5 |
|
|
1340. |
11. VI. |
?.• |
„ 62; |
„ 9 |
|
|
1330. |
23. V. |
?.• |
., 60; |
„ 10,2 |
|
|
1339. |
21. V. |
$1- |
,. 60; |
„ 9,8 ; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
1333. |
29. V. |
$• |
„ 62; |
„ 10,5 |
„ |
AJs Variation der Fliigellange ergibt sich also ^^ 65-72,5, $$ 60-62 mm. Ununterscheidbar von Serien aus Manokwari, Jobi, Mamberano und Sepik. Mageninhalt : Kleine Insekten (1331, 1332, 1335).
Melilestes megarhynchus vagans (Bernstein).
Arachnothera vagans Bernstein, Journ.f. Oni. 12, p. 405 (1864 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, GuiUemard, Platen, Water- stradt, Stein.
|
1063. |
17. V. |
cJa. |
Fl. 101 ; |
Gew. 41 |
|
1066. |
29. V. |
6a. |
„ 97; |
„ 42,2 |
|
1064. |
5. VI. |
3^. |
„ 101 ; |
„ 31 |
|
1065. |
7. VI. |
?2- |
„ 90; |
„ 31 |
|
1062. . 1 ■ ._ |
30. V. |
1 |
„ 102; |
„ 41 _ __ J !■ 1. |
M . m. vagans gleicht in der Farbung im wesentlichen der kiirzlicli besclirie- benen Rasse M . m. stresevianni Hartert von der Nordkiiste Neuguineas zwischen Mamberano und Astrolabe-Bai euischliesslich der Insel Jobi, hat aber eine hellere Keble, und die Saume der Kopffedern sind grauer als die der Riickenfedern, wahrend sie bei stresemanni der Riickenfarbung gleichen. Unterschiede in der SchnabeUange bestehen nicht. Viel besser unterschieden ist vagans von der ilir benachbarten Rasse viegarhynclms und zwar dadurch, dass der gelbliche Anflug bei vagans an Kinn und Kehle vollig fehlt und an der Brust viel starker zuriick- tritt, dass ferner die Federn der Bauchseite viel diisterer, nicht so rotbraun
10
146 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
gefarbt sind und die Saume der Oberkopffedern viel grauer, weniger olivbraun sind.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1063-1064~Jobi 591). kleine Kafer (Jobi 093).
Glycichaera fallax pallida Stres. & Pal.
Glycichaera fallax palliJa Stresemann & Paludan, (). M. B ■ Bd. 40, p. 15 (1932 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Stein.
1322. 26. V. (Jj. Fl. 61; Gew. 11
Grossgefiedermauser.
|
1321. |
23. V. |
(Jo- |
,. 61; |
. U |
|
1323. |
16. V. |
32- |
„ 63; |
, 11 |
|
1324. |
2. VI. |
$2- |
„ 56,5; |
, 10 |
|
1326. |
13. V. |
¥l. |
„ 58,4; |
, 11 |
|
1320. |
11. VI. |
?1- |
„ 55; |
, 10 |
|
1325. |
16. V. |
$0- |
„ 56; |
, 8,8 |
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" Oberkopf viel grauer, weniger oliv als O. f. fallax ; wahrend fallax nahezu einheitlich olivfarbene Oberkopffedern hat, sind diese bei der Waigeu-Rasse hell aschgrau mit sehr schmalem olivfarbenen Saum. Riicken mehr grau oliv, weniger griinlich oliv. Unterseite viel lipochromarmer : Federn von Kehle und Brust zart grau mit blass gelblichen Seitensaumen, statt von breitem citrongelben Saum rings umgeben zu sein ; Bauch und Unterschwanzdecken viel blasser gelb, mit deutlich hervortretendem graulich weissem (lipochromlosem) Basalteil der Rami. Flligel ^ 61-63, $ 55-58,5 mm.
Typus : S< Waigeu 26. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1322.
Verbreitung : Waigeu."
Ein (J von Misol in Zoolog. Staatssamml. Miinchen, Dr. Tauern leg., ist von G. f. pallida sehr verschieden und stimmt ziemlich gut mit der echten Glycichaera f. fallax Salvad. (terra typ. Manokwari) iiberein, doch scheint es an der Brust kraftiger gelb, weniger griinlich gefarbt zu sein.
Oedistoma pygmaeum pygmaeum Salvador!.
Giesammelt von : Stein.
1474. 3. VI. ,53. Fl. 46 ; Gew. 5,1
1476. 2. VI. (Jj. „ 47 ; „ 5,1 1473. 3. VI. (Jj. „ 45,5; „ 5 1472. 5. VI. Si- „ 45,5; „ 5
1477. 2. VI. $1. „ 42,5; „ 4.4
1475. VI. $„. „ 41,5; „ 5
Die vier im Berliner Museum vom Sepik zum Vergleich vorliegenden Exem- plare smd etwas grosser ($ 44-46-47,5 ; (^51) als die kleine Serie von Waigeu und scheinen auf Oberkopf und Brust etwas weniger grau getont zu sein, wahrend ein von Herrn Stein am 9. II. bei Manokwari gesammeltes (^3 (Fl. 48) besser mit der Waigeuserie iibereinstimmt. Moglicherweise lebt im Sepikgebiet eine unter- scheidbare Rasse. Ein von Mayr im Cyclopengebirge gesammeltes $ mit einer Fliigellange von 44 stimmt durchaus mit der Sepikserie iiberein ; wahrscheinlich wird man zwei Rassen zu unterscheiden haben, eine kleinere und blassere auf Waigeu und bei Manokwari und eine grossere und griJnlichere im Cyclopengebirge und Sepikgebiet. Doch bleibt mehr Material von Manokwari abzuwarten.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 147
Lichmera argentauris argentauris (Finsch).
Plilolis argentauris Finsch, Ahh. Naturw. Verein Bremen, vol. ii, p. 364 (187.5 — patr. 3ubst. Waigeu) ; Streseniann, Nov. Zool. xix, 1912, p. 345.
Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Dieser Vogel ist den nieisten Sammlern vermutlich de.shalb entgangen, well er nicht auf der Hauptinsel, sondern auf ihr vorgelagerten Inseln leben diirfte. Ausser von Waigeu kennt man ilin von Misol, Gebe, Damar bei Halmahera und Halmahera.
Meliphaga analoga analoga (Reichenbach).
Ptilolis analoga Reichenbach, Handh. d. Spec. OmithoL. Meropinae, p. 103, tab. 467 (1852 — ex Hombron u. Jacquinot ; terra typ. wahrscheinlich Triton-Bai).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Bruijn, Beccari, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1278. 11. VI. oV Fl. 83; Gew. 22
1279. 12. VI. 0%. „ 82,5
1292. 8. VI. (J,. „ 78,5 ; .. 22,5 1283. 11. V. cj-i- „ 86; „ 22,5
1281. 12. V. (J,. .. 84,5; ., 22,5 1289. 3. VI. <J,. ,. 85,5 ; „ 25,5
1276. 10. V. cJa- .. 83: „ 21,5 1294. 8. VI. S-i- ., 82 ;
1277. 14. V. <J ? „ 78 ; „ 21 1285. 12. VI. ?,. „ 78 ; „ 22,5
1282. 26. V. $j. „ 78; „ 24
1293. 27. V. ?2. „ 80 ; „ 25
1280. 24. V. $1. „ 79 ; „ 22 1288. 4. VI. ?2. „ 76
1291. 3. VI. ?i. „ 73,5; „ 20
Diese Art variiert auf Neuguinea starker als bisher angenommen wurde. Wie bei Meliphaga notata und Glycichaera fallax zeichnen sich Exemplare von Waigeu diu-ch starkere Abblassung des gelben Lipochromes aus, wahrend die Populationen von Jajjen und der Nordkiiste Zwischen Mamberano und der Astrolabe-Bai besonders reich an gelbem Lipochrom sind. Waigeuvogel sind daher unterseits graulich, oberseits griinlich oUvfarben, Sepikvogel unterseits griinlich, oberseits gelblich olivfarben. Eine von Herrn Stein bei Manokwari gesammelte Serie steht zwischen diesen beiden Extremen ungefahr in der Mitte, nahert sich aber mehr den Waigeuvogehi, und mit ihr stimmt eine von Herrn Stein am Fusse des Weylandgebirges (Menoo- und Wanggarfluss) gesammelte Serie ziemlich genau iiberein. Wir betrachten diese Exemplare als Reprasentanten der echten M . a. analoga. Die gelbliche Nordkiisten-Rasse benennen wir :
Meliphaga analoga flavida subsp. no v.
Typus : c? ad., Japen 450 m, 6. Marz 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 421.
Sehr ungleichmassig verteilt auf Neuguinea ist das Auftreten jener durch weisse statt gelbe Ohrbiischel ausgezeichneten Mutante, welche den Namen Ptilolis albonotata Salvad. erhalten hat. Unter 9 Exemplaren, die Herr Stein bei Manokwari sammelte, haben nicht weniger als 5 weisse Ohrbiischel, walirend alle 15 Exemplare aus Waigeu mid II von Herrn Stein auf Jobi gesammelte Stiicke durchweg gelbe Ohrbiischel besitzen. Ebenso haufig wie bei Manokwari tritt diese Mutante nach Salvadoris Angabe [Orn. pap. ii. p. 333) bei Naiabui in Siid- Neuguinea auf. Die Erscheinimg, dass das Auftreten von Mutanten einen
148 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
lokalen Charakter hat und nicht in dem ganzen Verbreitungsgebiet einer Art oder Rasse zu beobachten Lst, ist ja audi von vielen andereii Fallen bekannt.
Mageninhalt : Beeren, Insektenfliigel (1291). Eeeren (1280). Schwarze Kerne von Friichten (Manokwari 62). Friichte von Kirschengrosse (Jobi 421). Beeren (Jobi 281-283-336). Fruchtfieisch (Jobi 172).
Meliphaga notata sharpei (Roth.scli. & Hart.).
Cf. Stresemann, ./. /. 0. 1925, pp. 225-226.
Gesammelt von : Waterstradt, Stein.
|
1275. |
13. |
V. |
03- |
Fl. 88; |
Gew. 25 |
|
1270. |
11. |
02- |
„ 91 : |
., 28 |
|
|
1271. |
13. |
V. |
Q2- |
„ 98; |
„ 29 |
|
1274. |
21. |
V. |
02- |
.. 87; |
„ 26 |
|
1287. |
10. |
V. |
6%. |
„ 89,5; |
,. 25,5 |
|
1273. |
6. |
V. |
02- |
., 91; |
„ 29 |
|
1290. |
22. |
V. |
03- |
„ 90; |
„ 26 |
|
1284. |
13. |
V. |
?o. |
„ 84; |
„ 26 |
|
1272. |
10. |
V. |
$0- |
„ 85; |
„ 23,5 |
|
1269. |
14. |
V |
0 |
., 82; |
., 27 |
|
1286. |
14. |
V. |
0 |
„ 81; |
„ 26 |
Wie Meliphaga analoga variiert auch diese Art im Raume von Neuguinea in der Weise, dass die Poj)ulation von Waigeu unterseits weniger gelblich ist als die Population von Jobi imd dem Sepikgebiet, was besonders am ausseren Handrand auffallig Lst, de.ssen Deckfedern bei WaigeuvogeLn weis.sliclier, nicht so gelblich sind. Die Verschiedenheit ist aber zu gering, um eine Benennung zu rechtferti- gen. Grossenunterschiede bestehen nicht.
Mageninhalt : Beeren, kleine Kerne, auch im Trakt (1269). Beeren (1287- 1271). Blaue Beeren mit kleinen Kernen, auch im Trakt (1270).
Meliphaga virescens sonoroides (Gray).
Plilolis sonoroides Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861, p. 428 (1861 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Platen, Stein.
|
37. |
3. II. |
Si- |
Fl. 113 |
|
35. |
3. II. |
s,. |
„ 108,5 Saonek. |
|
39. |
3. II. |
?.. |
„ 111 |
|
38. |
3. II. |
?!• |
„ 97 |
|
36. |
3. II. |
?.. |
„ 104 |
Diese terratypische Serie ist sehr willkommen, da sie den sicheren Nachweis ermoglicht, dass zwischen Exemplaren aus Sorong, Manokwari und Jobi (Stein leg.) sowie von Aitape und Finschhafen (Dr. E. Mayr leg.) einerseits, Waigeu- vogehi andererseits keinerlei Unterschied besteht. Offenbar liaben sich diese an die Kokospalme gebundenen Vogel erst in j lingerer Zeit stark ausgebreitet.
Xanthotis chrysotis fusciventris Salvad.
Xantholis ftiscii'entris Salvador!, Ann. Jlii-s. Civ. Gen. vol. vii, p. 947 (1876 — Batanta). Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Waterstradt, Stein.
1060. 9. VI. Si- Fl- 105 ; Gew. 47
1061. 21. V. cJi. „ 104,5; „ 51
NOVITATES ZOOLCIOICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 149
Exemplare von Batanta haben wir nicht gesehen, aber Salvador! fand keinen Unterschied zwischen drei Stiick von Batanta imd einem von Waigeu. Im Vergleich zu X. ch. chrysotis : auf der Unterseite fast ohne rostliches Phaeo- melanin, .statt de.'s.sen durch gelbes Lipochrom kraftig gefarbt, sodass Kropf, Brust und Vorderbauch griinlich gelb statt braunlieh rostfarben (mit schmalen gelben Saumen) erscheinen. Bauchseiten erdbraun statt rostbraim. Ganze Oberseite bei fusciventris viel griinlicher, weniger braiin erecheinend infolge viel grosserer Breite der griinen Federeaume von Kopf imd Riicken. (Die Rasse meyeri hat so gut wie gar kein Lipochrom, philenwn noch weniger als meyeri.) Axillaren und Fliigelbug bei fusciventris im wesentlichen lipochromatisch gelb, bei chrysotis im wesentlichen phaeomelanotisch rostfarben.
Xanthotis polygramma polygramma (Gray).
Ptilolis polygramma Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lotid. 1861, p. 429 (1861 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Stein.
1267. 25. V. ,^3. Fl. 81,5
1213. 30. V. Si- .. 80 ; Gew. 22
1264. 3. VI. cJj. „ 80 : .. 24.5
1268. 30. V. cj,. „ 79; „ 24,2 1266. 30. V. $1. ., 74,5; ,. 20
1265. 2. VI. ?,. .. 72,3
Die Nominatform scheint auf Waigeu beschrankt zu sein. Die deutlich verschiedene Rasse von Misol ist kiirzlich von Hartert, Nov. Zool. Bd. 36, 1930, p. 49 als X. p. kuehni abgetrennt worden, und der Rasse des Vogelkopfes gebiihrt der Name X. m. j)oikiloslernos A. B. Mej^er. Vergleiche Hartert I.e. Weitere Rassengliederuiig siehe Mayr in Mitteil. Zoolog. Mas. Berlin, 1931, pp. 664-665.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1267). 1 Spinne, Beeren (1264). Dunkelblaues Fruchtfleisch (1265).
Philemon novaeguineae novaeguineae (S. Miiller).
Tropidorhynchus marginatus Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861, p. 429 (1861 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
1546. 12. V. 03. Fl. 157 ; Gew. 162 ; Grossgefiedermauser.
1547. 4. VI. $2. „ 155 ; „ 148
1545. 7. VI. $1. „ 155 ; ., 158 ; " 2 Eier.' 1544. 4. VI. ?. „ 152 ; „ 153
Von Exemplaren aus Manokwari nicht zu unterscheiden. Das Jugendkleid ist ausgezeichnet nicht allein durch olivfarbene Aussensaume der Schwungf edern , sondern audi durch weisse Endsaume der Riickenfedern und einen (beim alten Vogel nur sehr schwach angedeuteten) Nackenring. Sehr bemerkenswert ist der UnLstand, dass 1546 sehr stark vergrosserte Hoden hat, obwohl Fliigel imd Schwanz in Mauser sirid.
Mageninhalt : Friichte imd Samen von 2-3 mm Diirchmesser (1546). Friichto und Fliigeldecken von Kafern (Manokwari 7(1). Eine Spinne, viel Fruchtfleisch (Jobi 170). Fruchtfleisch und Beeren (Jobi 216). Schale von roten Friichten (Jobi 269). Beeren (Jobi 169).
J50 XOVITATES ZOOLOGRAE XXXVIU. 1932.
Cinnyris jugularis frenata (S. Miiller). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1225. 15. V. Jj. Fl. 56 ; Gew. 8,8
1229. 31. V. (J. „ 56,5
1230. 31. V. ?,. „ 53 ; „ 7,5
Ubereinstimmend mit einer Serie von 6 Stuck (Stein leg.) aus Manokwari. Cinnyris sericea cochrani Stres. & Pal.
CinnyrU serkeu^ cochrani Stresemann & Paludan, 0. M. B. Bd. 40, 1932, p. 15 (1932— Waigeu). Gresammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1222. |
4. VI. |
Si- |
Fl. 57,5 ; |
Gew. 7 |
|
|
1223. |
10. V. |
6\. |
., 58: |
., 8 |
|
|
1221. |
15. V. |
3i- |
„ 58; |
., 7,2 |
|
|
1224. |
15. V. |
S.- |
„ 56,5; |
„ 7,5 |
|
|
1228. |
4. VI. |
■ft Ol- |
., 57 |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
|
1227. |
9. VI. |
<?!■ |
„ 55,5, |
„ 6,3 ; |
Noch Reste des I. Ja. Kl |
|
1226. |
6. VI. |
(Jo- |
„ 54; |
„ 8 |
,. I. .. |
|
1219. |
16. VI. |
on- |
.. 55; |
„ 7,2 |
juv. |
|
1220. |
30. V. |
cJo- |
„ 56; |
., 8 |
|
|
1218. |
10. V. |
+w |
., 51; |
„ 7 |
Die OrigLnalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
■' (J ad. : Von C. s. sericea Less., der das Festland von Neuguinea mit Ausnahme des ostlichsten Teiles der Nordkiiste, so wie Jobi bewohnt, unter- schieden durch stahlblauen statt rotvioletten Schiller des Kehlschildes (betrachtet von oben bei Lichteinfall von vorn), so wie durch etwas geriBgere Grosse. Fliigel : 9 cJcJ 54-58 mm. (bei sericea 60-64 mm.), $ 51 mm. (bei serice/i. 51,5-53 mm.).
Typus : ^ ad., Waigeu 15. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1221.
Verbreitung : Waigeu."
Bei 3 (^S von Misol (in der Zoologischen Staatssammlimg Miinchen) schillert das Kehlschild ungefahr wie bei Manokwari- und Jobivogeln und ist deutUch verschieden von demjenigen der Waigeuvogel, welche bliiulich (statt rotUch) violetten SchiUer haben ; gleichzeitig aber imterscheiden sich die Misol- vogel von Neuguineavogehi durch mattschwarze statt tief samtschwarze Farbimg von Unterseite und Interscapulium. Fliigellange (nach Stresemann, J. f. 0. 1913, p. 609) c?c? 58,5-58,5-59,5 ; ?? 50-52,5-54-54 mm. Wir benennen die Basse von Misol :
Cinnyris sericea olympia subsp. nov.
Typus in der Zool. Staatssamml. Miinchen, Nr. 14.716 : cJ ad., Misol, August 1911, Dr. Tauern leg. Nr. 3.
Dicaeum pectorale S. Miiller. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
Gpw. 7
„ 7
„ 6,2 1418. 2. VI. cJ.. „ ,50 1411. 4. VI. A-. „ 50; „ 6
|
1419. |
17. |
V. |
d^- |
Fl. 51 |
|
1416. |
13. |
V. |
03- |
., 49 |
|
1415. |
15. |
V. |
ii2- |
., 49, |
NOVITATKS ZdOLOCacAE XXXVITI. 1'.I32.
151
|
1414. |
12. V. |
Oi- |
Fl. 49 |
(Jew. 6,5; |
Flugelmauser |
|
1413. |
31. V. |
02- |
,. 50 |
., 7,2 |
|
|
1417. |
17. V. |
<?». |
., 50 |
„ 6,5 |
|
|
1412. |
2. VI. |
So- |
„ 50 |
„ 6,8 |
|
|
1421. |
17. V. |
?2- |
„ 45 |
„ 5,9 |
|
|
1420. |
4. VI. |
$0- |
,. 43 |
„ 6,2 |
|
|
1423. |
17. V. |
?0- |
„ 46 |
„ 5,8 |
|
|
1424. |
15. VI. |
$0- |
„ 48 |
„ 6,1 |
|
|
1422. |
10. V. |
$0- |
„ 45 |
„ 5,1 |
Nicht zu unterscheiden von vier Exemplaren (Stein leg.) aus Manokwari.
Melanocharis nigra pallida subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Platen, Stein.
|
1479. |
24. V. |
62- |
FI. 63,5 ; |
Gew |
14 |
|
|
1481. |
15. V. |
3z- |
„ 64; |
12 |
||
|
1484. |
25. V. |
<?»■ |
„ 62,5, |
12,8; |
I. Ja. Kl. |
|
|
1485. |
8. V. |
2^- |
„ 61; |
15,5 |
||
|
1482. |
25. V. |
5^. |
„ 63; |
13,5; |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
1483. |
22. V. |
?!• |
„ 63; |
15 |
„ |
|
|
1480. |
24. V. |
?? |
„ 64 |
Wie so viele andere Arten auch, ist Melanocharis nigra aiif Waigeu durch eine Rasse vertreten, bei der die olivfarbene Tonung der Neuguinearasse durch eine graulichere iind Upochromarmere Tonung ersetzt wLrd. Die ganze Unter- seite Lst bei M. n. pallida sowohl in mannlichen wie im weiblichen Geschlecht graulicher und blasser, nicht so diister oUvgriinlich wie bei M. n. nigra von Misol und dem Vogelkopf.
Typus : ^ ad. Waigeu, 15. Mai 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 1481.
Verbreitung : Waigeu.
cJ I. Ja. Kl. im wesentlichen dem $ ad. gleichend, aber der Oberkopf ist wie der Riicken olivgriin gefarbt, nicht wie beim $ ad. dunkler aLs dieser und mit blaulichem MetalLschiller.
Mageninhalt : Fruchtfleisch (1479), FruchtfleLsch mit Kernen von ca. 3 mm. Durchmesser, im Trakt keine (1485). Fruchtfleisch mit weisslichen Samen (1483).
Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, GuiUemard, Platen, Stein.
15.50. 10. V. ,i^. Fl. 179 ; Gew. 170 ; Fliigelmauser.
tibereinstimmend mit Vogeln von Manokwari und vom Sepik.
Magenmhalt : Heuschrecken (1550). Fruchtkerne (Manokwari 139). Bee- ren mit gelbem Fleisch, 1 kleiner Kafer (Manokwari 103). Schwarze Kerne von Beeren (Manokwari 52). Friichte und Fliegen (Joib 302). Nur Beeren (Jobi
278).
Gesammelt von : Alcohol).
Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Lesson).
Wallace, Bernstein, GuiUemard, Platen,
Stein
152 NOVITATKS ZOOLOGHAE XXXVIII. 193-.>.
Pitohui kirhocephalus cerviniventris (Gray).
Xectts cerviniventris Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861. p. 4.30 (1861 — Waigeu) ; JStreseraann, iliul, Zool. Mm. Berlin, Bd. 11, 1925, p. 414.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
|
1108. |
21. V. |
^3 |
Fl. 100 ; |
Gew. 61 |
|
1106. |
10. VI. |
(Jr. |
.. 97; |
„ 62,3 |
|
1103. |
27. V. |
cJi |
., 95 ; |
„ 67 |
|
1107. |
20. V. |
<J. |
.. 97; |
„ 65 |
|
1102. |
22. V. |
(?! |
.. 93 ; |
„ 58 ; Armschwingen in Mauser |
|
1110. |
26. V. |
cJo |
.. 94; |
„ 60 |
|
1105. |
27. V. |
$2 |
,. 97; |
„ 62 |
|
1109. |
11. VI. |
?1 |
., 93; |
„ 67,5 |
|
1104. |
22. V. |
$0 |
„ 90,5 ; |
„ 56 |
Diese, eine der scharfst markierten endemischen Rassen von Waigeu, die fast schon als besondere Art betraclitet werden konnte, lebt auch auf der Insel Gemien. Sehr nahe steht ihr die etwas grossere und blassere Rasse P. k. pallidus van Oort von Batanta.' Uber die GUederung dieses aiisserordentlich zur Rassen- bildimg neigenden Rassenkreises vergleiche Stresemann I.e. Die Waigeu-Rasse ist die kleinste von alien. Kein Farbimgsunterschied zwi.schen den Geschlechtern.
Mageninhalt : Beeren, 1 Schnecke, Tau.sendfiissler, 1 Kafer (110(3). Prall niit Frnchtfleisch gef iillt . dazwischen eine Schnecke und Reste von Tausendf iiss- lern (110.3). Fliigeldecken von Kafern, Fruchtfasein (1107). Griines imd rotes Fruchtfleisch (1110). Fruchtfasern mit schwarzen Kernen, 1 Gehauseschnecke (1104).
Pitohui ferrugineus leucorhynchus (Gray).
Rectes levcorhynchvs Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, p. 430 (1861 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1532. |
22. V. |
6,. |
Fl. 153 |
|||
|
1533. |
22. V. |
>Jo. |
„ 154; |
Gew |
110 |
|
|
1535. |
22. V. |
^0- |
„ 140; |
108. |
||
|
1537. |
1. VI. |
?.- |
„ 144; |
105 |
||
|
1534. |
22. V. |
$1- |
„ 145; |
117,5 |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
1531. |
25. V. |
9„. |
„ 144,5 |
117 |
||
|
1536. |
25. V. |
TO* |
,. 138; |
106 |
Diese ausgezeichnete Rasse lebt ausser auf Waigeu auch auf Batanta. Sie unterscheidet sich von P. f. ferrugineus (Exemplare von Manokwari verglichen) sowohl durch die Farbimg der Ober- und ITnterseite als auch dadurch, dass Schnabel. Lauf, Zehen und Krallen nicht intensiv schwarz pigmentiert sind, sondern aUer Melanineinlageriuigen entbehren (Schnabel) oder doch wenigstens sehr schwach von Melanin gefarbt werden (Lauf, Zehen und ELrallen). Die Grosse scheint betrachtlicher zu sein als bei Exemplaren von Manokwaii, wahrend bei P. Icirhocephaln.H da.s Umgekehrte der Fall ist.
Mageninhalt : Kafer, Heuschrecken, Larven (1532). Insekten (1535-1531 — Manokwari KiO). Gro.sse Heuschrecken (153fi). Insektenreste, 1 Beere (Manok- wari 89).
' Not. Lcyd. Mu.'i. 29. 1907, p. 71. Von Mathews, Sysf. Ar. Atistr.. versehentlich aiisgelassen.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 153
Myiolestes megai'hynchus afBnis Oray.
Myiohstex afflnin Gray, Pror. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861, p. 431 (1862 — " Gagie," Irrtiim fiir VVaigeu).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
SS ad. (13. V.-12. VI,) Fl. 89i.52-90-93«-943-9.5-96'-97.
Gew. 30-30,5-30,7-31-322-32,5=-33-342-36-40. cJo^ juv. (14.-16. V.) Fl. 85-88 ; Gew. .32-32,5.
?? ad. (10,-20. V.) Fl. 88,5-892-89,5-90-90,5 ; Gew. 29,5-312-.32-33=.
1 cJ und 2 $$ in Fliigelmauser.
rj und $ gleich gefarbt auch hinsichtlich des Schnabels, aber $ im Mittel kleiner als ^. Aus der Reihe fallt $ 1. Ja. Kl. Nr. 1085 mit einer Fliigelliinge von niir 85 mm. Wahrscheinlich ist der Jugendfliigel etwas kiirzer als der Altersfliigel. Das I. Ja. Kl. ist kenntUch an den viel intensiveren Saumen der Schwimgfedern und grossen Fliigeldeckfedern.
Diese scharf markierte Rasse unterscheidet sich von ihrer geographischen Nachbarrasse megarhynchus, die schon am Westrand de.s Vogelkopfes lebt, durch das nahezu fehlende Phaeomelanin der Ober- und Unterseite ; statt dessen sind Obei- und Unterseite bei affini.s deutUch mit gelblichem Lipochrom getont, das in Kombination mit Eumelanin die olivfarbenen Tone erzeugt. Dieses Vorherr- schen des gelben Lipochromes unterscheidet affinis auffallig von ohscurus, dem das Lipochrom vollig fehlt und bei dem auch das Phaeomelanin sehr stark zuriicktritt. Auf Batanta lebt die nahe verwandte Rasse M. m. hatantae Meise, Abh. Ber. Mits.f. Tierk. Dresden xvii, 1929, p. 18.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1071-1079-1081). Heuschrecken (1075), Heu- schrecken, Larven (1067). Schalen und Fleisch von Friichten (Jobi 351). Heu- schrecken und Larven (Jobi 310). Fliigel von Insekten (Jobi 443).
Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, Stein,
SS (20. V,-12. VI,) Fl. 78-80-80,5-81-82,5--8.3-84-85,5-86,
Gew, 18-212-21,3-22,5-23,5^-24, (J juv, 23, V, Fl, 80,5; Gew, 21.
?? (20. V.-IO, VI,) Fl. 77.5-79-80,5-81-822.
Gew, 21-21,1-21,5-22,5-25, ? juv, (20. V.-2. VI.) Fl. 77-78= ; Gew. 20-22. 2 oc? "d. und 2 $+ ad. in Fliigelmauser, J juv. in Fliigelmauser.
Die Rassenbildung von Pachijcephala (jriseiceps ist kiirzlich von Hartert (Nov. Zool. 36, 1930, pp. 55-56) ausfiihrlich behandelt worden. Wir haben zur Untersuchung einen Teil des Materials, das im Tring-Museum aufbewahrt wird, mit heranziehen konnen und vermogen uns seiner Gliederung nicht in alien Teilen anzuschliessen, gelangen vielmehr fiir das Gebiet des westlichen Neuguinea zu folgender Gruppierung :
1. Pachycephala griseiceps griseiceps Gray (terra typica Aru). Von Aru- vogeln vermogen wir nicht zu trennen eine Serie aus Misol (7 Exemplare, Tauern leg.), eine Serie vom Arfakgebirge (5 Exemplare, Mayr leg.) sowic je einen Balg vom Aroafiuss und vom Kotoi-District in Britisch Neuguinea. Wir vermutcn daher, dass diese Rasse ausser iiber die Aruinseln und Misol auch iiber den Vogelkopt und langs der Siidkiiste ostiich bis zum Aroafiuss, westlich bis zum
154 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXX\ III. \'.l'.i'2.
Begimi des ^e/((e(//ec/a-Areals verbreitet ist. Die Rasse squalida Oust, (terra typica Amberbaki) ist unserer Ansicht nach identisch mit yrisekeps.
2. Pachycephala griseiceps waigeuensis subsp. nov. Von P. g. griseiceps deutlich unterschieden durch volligen Mangel der braunlichen Tonung der Vorderbriist xmd durch dimklere, graiilicheie, weniger braiinliche Ohrdecken. In der Farbung der Obcrseite stimmt waigeuensis mit griseiceps gut iiberein.
Typus : ^J ad. Waigeu, 3. Juni 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 1185. Verbreitung : Waigeu.
3. Pachycejihala griseiceps jobievsis A. B. Meyer. Diese Rasse ermangelt wie U'aigeuevsis der braunlichen Bru.stfarbung luid ist ihr daher auf der Unter- seite ziemlich ahnlich, aber die gelbe Farbung auf Brust und Bauch ist intensiver. Der Oberkopf ist bei waigeuensis niehr oliv, bei jobiensis mehi dunkelgrau getont. Die Farbung der Ohrdecken ist bei beiden gleich. Der Riicken von jobiensis ist ein klein wenig griinlicher, weniger braunlich als bei waigeueiisis und merklich griinlicher als bei griseiceps.
Verbreitung : Jobi iind Nordkiiste von Neuguinea zwischen Mamberano und Astrolabebai.
4. Pachycephala griseiceps perneglecta Hartert. Gekennzeichnet diu-ch sehr Starke Streifung der Korperseiten, sonst wie griseiceps. Terra typica, "Southern Snow Mountains." Mit der Urbeschreibung iibereinstimmende Exemplare sammelte Herr Stein am Fuss des Weyland-Gebirges, wo sich perneglecta zwischen griseiceps Gray (= rvbiensis Meise) luid jo6Je«.sw A. B. Meyer einzuschieben scheint.
Hartert hat. I.e. p. 56, eine Rasse subflavidior beschrieben, die nach seiner Angabe von Takar bis Hollandia verbreitet ist imd sich durch lebhaftes Gelb des Bauches und der Unterschwanzdecken, so wie durch braime Ohrdecken imter- scheiden soU. Wir haben drei Stiicke von der terra typica untersuchen konnen und vermogen die angegebenen Unterschiede nicht zu bestatigen, halten daher subflavidior fiir ein Synonym von jobiensis.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1211-1216). Heuschrecken (1217).
Pachycephala phaeonota (S. Miiller).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Bruijn.
Dieser auf kleinen Inselchen im Gebiet der Molukken imd der westl. papua- nischen Inseln weit verbreitete Vogel ist Herrn Stem ebenso wie Lichmera argentauris entgangen, vermutlich deswegen, well P. phaeonota nur auf den der Hauptinsel vorgelagerten Inselchen zu treffen ist.
Artainus leucorhynchus papuensis Bonap.
Stresemann, A'w. Zool. xx, 1913. pp. 289-292 ; Hartert, Xoi'. Zool. xxxvi, 1930, p. 81. Gesammelt von : GuOlemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1016. |
11. VI. |
cJi- |
Fl. 141 ; |
Gew. 50,5 |
|
|
101.5. |
7. VI. |
J.- |
., 132; |
,. 48 |
|
|
1014. |
29. V. |
<Si- |
„ 132,5; |
„ 45 |
Flugelmaiiser. |
|
1018. |
29. V. |
O'l- |
„ 135; |
„ 4(i |
„ |
|
1019. |
7. V. |
cJi- |
.. 134,5; |
., 37,5 |
|
|
1017. |
29. V. |
i'o- |
., 1.37 ; |
„ 46,8 |
Mageninhalt : Fliegende Insekten (1(117).
NOVITATES ZoOLOGIfAE XXXVIII. 1932. 155
Peltops blainvillei (Lesson & Garnot). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1158. 24. V. ?. Fl. 93 ; Gew. 52 ; Jugendkleid. Platen leg. 1884, ? ad. Fl. 96.
Dem jungen Vogel fehlt der weisse Riickenfleck (vergl. Salvador!, Orn. Pap. ii, p. 8).
Mageninhalt : Insekten.
Monarcha guttula guttula (Garnot).
Stresemann, Arch.f. Naturgesch. 89, 1923, A. 7, p. 96.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, Guillemard, Waterstradt, Stein.
3S (13.-23. V.) Fl. 78-812-81,5-82,5-83-85.
Gew. 172-182-19-202-20,5. ?$ (11. V.-IO. VI.) Fl. 75,5-772-78-79^-812.
Gew. 16,5-172-18-18,5-18,82-19,5-20,5. $ juv. Fl. 74,5 ; Gew. 16.
3 (J und 1 $ in Grossgefiedermauser.
Wie aus den mitgeteUten Massen ersichtlich, gehoren die Waigeuvogel zu der grosseren Rasse, die audi vom siidlichen Vorland des Schneegebirges nach- gewiesen wurde, nicht zur kleinen Rasse des Sepikgebietes, bei welcher die Fliigellange folgendermassern variiert : ^^^ 76-81, $$ 71-79. Die Nomen- klaturfrage kann noch immer nicht entschieden werden.
Mageninhalt: Insekten (1035, 1030, 1040).
Monarcha alecto chalybeocephalus (Garnot). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, Platen, Stein.
|
996. |
19. VI. |
i,- |
Fl. 90; |
Gew. 24.2 |
|
|
980. |
8. VI. |
iz- |
„ 88; |
„ 23 |
|
|
989. |
14. VI. |
^2- |
„ (87) |
„ 24 |
Flugelmauser. |
|
982. |
12. VI. |
(?.. |
„ 89; |
„ 23 |
„ |
|
995. |
10. VI. |
<?!• |
„ 90; |
„ 24 |
»» |
|
981. |
16. V. |
Ol- |
„ 91; |
„ 25 |
„ |
984. 11. V. "(J?" „ 82; „ 23 983. 11. VI. 3. „ 84; „ 21,5
Nr. 984 und 983 sind (^(^ im I. Ja. Kl., die noch den kurzen Jugendfliigel tragen und durchaus weibchenahnlich gefarbt sind bis auf den Urastand, dass die Unterseite nicht reinweiss, sondern mit rostfarbenem Anflug (mit Ausnahme der Kehle) versehen ist. Kein Unterschied gegeniiber einer Serie von Jobi. Ebenso gefarbt wie diese beiden ^^ ist ein $ I. Ja. Kl. von Numfor (Stein leg. Nr. 285).
Monarcha chrysomela melanotus Sclater.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Beccari, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
(JcJ (10. V.-Il. VI) Fl. 71-722-73'i-742-74,5-75-75,5.
Gew. 15-15,2-15.5-15,6-16,5-172-17,52-17,6. ?? (16. V.) Fl. 70,5-73 ; Gew. I42.
? juv. 16. (V.) Fl. 67 ; Gew. 13,5. Schnabelbasis heU.
3 <^ in Fliigelmauser. Ubereinstimmend mit 1 Stiick aus Momi, Dr. Mayr leg. Mageninhalt : Insekten (1173 imd 1178).
156 NOVITATES ZoOLOGirAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Arses telescophthalmus batantae Sharpe.
Arses balantae .Sharpe, Not. Lei/il. Mu.s. vol. i, p. 20 (1879 — Batanta).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
o'a (11.V.-13.VI.) Fl. 85-86,.5-87 .52-893.
Gew. 2^-21.5-23-23,52. $5 (20. V.-13. \1.) Fl. 82.5-83^-85 ; Gew. 18,5-20-22-23. $ juv. (23. V.) Fl. 80,5. Sehnabelbasis hell.
1 (J noch mit einigen braunen Federn, 1 J in Fliigelmauser.
Diese gut aiisgepragte Rasse i.st beschrankt aiif die In.seln Waigeu und Batanta. Von ihrein Nachbarn .4. /. telescophthaJmus. der die Insel Misol und den Vogelkopf von Neuguinea bewohnt, unterscheidet sie sich durch folgende Merkmale : (1) Die Grosse ist viel bedeutender, Fliigel batantae q 84-92, $ 82-87 ; telescophthalmus ^ 79-86, $ 76-82 mm. (2) Durch den breiteren blauen Lid- kamm beider Geschlechter. (3) Durch die intensivere Kastanienfarbe auf Riicken. Kehle und Brust des Weibchens.
Ini I. Ja. Kl. i.st das (J wie das alte $ gefiirbt.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1023 und 1184, Manokwari 158, Jobi 212, 472, 419, 285, 214, 236. 292). 1 Heuschrecke (Jobi 207).
Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca (Quoy & Gaimard).
Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Platen. Stein.
998. 6. V. $,, Fl. 104 ; Gew. 27,5
997. 18. V. " $ ? " „ 97 I. Ja. Kl.
Rhipidura rufiventris gularis S. Miiller. Gtesammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
cJo' (10. V.-ll. VI.) Fl. 84-872-88-90°-91-'-91.5.
Gew. 14,7-15^-16^-172-17,2-17,5. ?? (11. V.-13. VI.) Fl. 79-82.5-83-83.5-842-84,.5-86-87.
Gew, 13,5-I4,6-I52-16'-16,5-I6,6. I $ in Grossgefiedermauser.
Uberemstimmend mit einer Serie von Jobi imd dem Sepikgebiet bi.s auf den Umstand, dass Stiicke von dem letzteren Fundort etwas grossere weisse Endflecken am ausseren Steuerfederpaar haben imd haufig auch an den Spitzen des benachbarten Paares einen kleinen weissen Fleck zeigen, der an Waigeuvogeln mu' selten und daim nur andeutungsweise auftritt.
Rhipidura rufifrons squamata Miill. & Schleg.
Rhipidura yriseicaiida .Salvadori, Ann. Mux. L'ir. Gen. vol. vii, p. 924 (1876 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Auf Waigeu ist im Februar 1874 ein 2 von Bruijns Sammlern erbeutet worden. Ausserdem von Salawati, Aru, Pulu babi (Aruinsehi), den Keiinseln, der Inselkette zwischen Keiinseln und Seran, sowie von Banda bekannt, also wohl auf ganz kleine Inselchen beschrankt, wie Monarcha rinerasceiis, Pachycephala phaeonuta, Lichmera argentanru luid Halcyon sauroplmga : typische Beispiele f iir eiiie Verbreitung iiber Meeresstrecken hinweg !
NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE XXXVIIT. l!i:!2. 157
Muscicapa griseosticta (Swinh.).
Gesammelt von ; (iuilleiuard.
Dieser siidost-sibirische Brutvogel scheint nur ausnahmsweise sein Winter- quartier bis in ilas papuanische Gebiet auszudehenen. Er wurde hier gefunden in Andai 7. IV. 1870 (Bruijn) ; Jobi 26. II. 1931 $„ (Stein Nr. 340) ; Manokwari 13. II. 1931 $2 (Stein Nr. 144) ; 2 (J,^ Pigeon Island in der Mafiagruppe, October 1806 (W. Doherty) ; Misol 8. XII. 1883 (Guillemard).
Poecilodryas hypoleuca steini subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Guillemard, Waterstradt, Stein.
|
1236. |
20. V. |
J3- |
Fl. 81,5 ; |
Gew |
.21 |
|
|
1231. |
11. VI. |
(Js- |
„ 80; |
23,5 |
||
|
1234. |
10. VI. |
6^- |
,. 79,5; |
19 |
||
|
1232. |
13. VI. |
3,- |
„ 82,5; |
22 : |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
|
1239. |
27. V. |
3,- |
„ 85; |
21 |
||
|
1240. |
23. V. |
o\- |
„ 80; |
22,5 |
||
|
1235. |
8. VI. |
(Ji- |
„ 80,5; |
22,1 |
||
|
1233. |
8. VI. |
b\- |
„ 82,5; |
22 |
||
|
1238. |
3. VI. |
On- |
.. 81; |
20,5; |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
|
1237. |
23. V. |
Vo- |
,. 74; |
15 |
Von P. h. hypoleuca (terra typica Manokwari) auSallig nnterschieden diirch braunlich schwarze statt kohlschwarze Oberseite und dui'ch geringere Ausdehnimg des weLssen Fliigelspiegels, besonders an den Armschwingen. Das $ i.st auf der Oberseite noch heller gefarbt als das ^J, namlich dunkel erdbraun.
Typus : Waigeu ^ 8. Juni 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 1233.
Verbreitiuig : Waigeu.
Microeca flavovirescens Gray. Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
|
1169. |
23. V. |
3,- |
Fl. 85 ; |
Gew. 15.5 |
|
|
1162. |
25. V. |
<?.. |
.. 80.5; |
., 27,5 |
|
|
1170. |
10. VI. |
cJ... |
„ 83; |
., 16,3 |
|
|
1166. |
13. V. |
3z- |
„ 83,5; |
„ 17; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
1196. |
27. V. |
3,- |
„ 83; |
„ — |
,, |
|
1165. |
26. V. |
3,- |
,. 82; |
„ 17 |
|
|
1188. |
22. V. |
<?!• |
„ 82; |
„ 16,5 |
|
|
1161. |
15. VI. |
32- |
„ 81 ; |
.. 15 |
|
|
1169. |
20. V. |
3,- |
., 81,5; |
.. 17 |
|
|
1164. |
23. V. |
$2- |
„ 76; |
.. 14 |
|
|
1167. |
9. VI. |
?!• |
,. 74,5; |
.. 14,5 |
„ |
|
1160. |
24. V. |
5i. |
,. 79; |
., 15 |
|
|
1199. |
27. V. |
$1- |
„ 75,5; |
„ — |
„ |
|
1163. |
23. V. |
$0- |
,. 76; |
,. 15; |
juv. |
|
1168. |
9. VI. |
$0- |
„ 76; |
„ 16 |
Nr. 1163 beendet die Mauser aus dem Jugendkleid ins erste Ja. Kl. Soweit Reste des ersten Ja. Kl. noch erhalten sind, entsprechen sie der Beschreibimg von Og. Grant {Ibis, Suppl. ii, 1915, p. 173). Ele sei noch hinzugefiigt, dass die Spitzen der Hand- imd Armschwmgen mid ihrer Deckfedern blass isabeUfarben sind und der Unterschnabel schwarz ist, wahrend er beim erwachsenen Vogel blass gelbUch gefarbt ist.
158 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. lSi:!l>.
Verglichen mit einer Serie von Jobi sind die Waigeuvogel auf Ober- und Unterseite etwas weniger gelblich getont, analog dem Befund bei Meliphaga mialoga, M . notata und anderen. In der Grosse stimmen die Serien von Waigeu iind Jobi iiberein, wahrend 30 Exemplare vom Sepikgebiet ini Mittel kurzfliigliger sind und im Maximum eine Fliigellange von 82 mm erreichen.
Mageninhalt : 1 Heuschrecke (1161), Insekten (1199), Jobi (482, 386).
Gerygone chrysogaster neglecta Wallace.
Oerygone neglecta Wallace, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. p. 475 (1865 — Waigeu). Cryptolopha imigiiiensis Hartert, Bull. B.O.C. 13, p. 70 (1903 — Waigeu). Meise, Nov. Zool. xxxvi, 1931, p. 342.
Gresammelt von : Wallace, Waterstradt, Stein.
(JcJ (10. V.-13. VI.) Fl. ,50-51,5-523-53'-53,5'-545-55*-56-'-57.
Gew. 6,1-7^-7,1-7 ,2»-7 ,5^-7 ,6-7 ,8>-8-8,5-8,7. $5 (12. V.-12. VI.) Fl. 49^9,5-50-50,5-51«-51,5-52,5-53,5.
Gew. 6,3-6,5-7=-7,l-7,4-7,53-7,7-8=. 4 (J^ in Fliigelmauser.
Diese Rasse ist auf Waigeu beschrankt. Ihre nachsten Verwandten sind G. ch. notata Salvad. von Misol und dem Vogelkopf, sowie virescens Blyth von der Onin Halbinsel (SW-Neuguinea) bis zur Triton-Bai imd dem Siidrand der Geelvink-Bai. Uber die Beziehungen zu chrysogaster Gray, welche zuerst von Meise erkaimt worden sind, vergl. diesen Autor I.e.
Gerygone chloronota meisei Stres. & Pal.
Gerygone chloronota meisei Stresemann und Paludan, 0. M. B. Bd. 40, 1932, p. 16 (1932 — Waigeu) Gesammelt von : Stein.
1429. 11. VI. i%. Fl. 49; Gew. 5,9
|
1437. |
10. V. |
02- |
„ 47 ; |
„ 6,5 |
|
|
1429. |
16. V. |
3,. |
„ 46,5; |
., 6,2 ; |
" Sohnabel schwar? |
|
1430. |
4. VI. |
3z- |
„ 49; |
„ 6,5 |
|
|
1426. |
4. VI. |
<ll- |
„ 48,5; |
„ 6,3 |
|
|
1440. |
21. V. |
<?!• |
„ 49; |
„ 6,1 |
|
|
1436. |
17. V. |
cJi- |
„ 49; |
„ 5,5 |
|
|
1439. |
11. VI. |
cJo- |
„ 48; |
„ 5,8 ; |
Schnabelbasis hell. |
|
1428. |
26. V. |
?»• |
„ 45,5 ; |
„ 6 |
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" Aus dem papuanischen Gebiet kannte man Gerygone chloronota bis vor kurzem nur von den Aru-Inseln imd von den Bergen des ostlichen Neuguinea. Die Erbeutung eines Exemplares bei Siwi im Arfakgebirge durch Dr. E. Mayr (1928) bildete eine Ueberraschung. Noch unerwarteter war der Herrn Stein gegliickte Nachweis, dass die Art auch auf Waigeu lebt. Die Kennzeichen der dortigen Rasse sind folgende :
Am ahnlichsten Gerygone chloronota aruensis Biittikofer (die nicht zum Vergleich vorliegt), aber Oberkopf dunkler grau (Chaetura Drab, Ridgway 1912, Tab. 46). Ziigel und Ohrdecken ganz leicht braun getont, was Biittikofer auch angibt. Ein Vergleich von Aru- und Waigeustiicken wird wohl noch andere Unterschiede aufdecken. Beide Formen unterseheiden sich jedenfalls von cinereiceps (7 Stiick, dariuiter den Typus von placida Madarasz, verglichen) (lurch fast reines Weiss des Unterkorpers, der bei der genannten Rasse immer
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 159
f
deutlich rahmfarben bis grau getont ist. Seiten des Halses und Korpers wie bei cinereiceps, Oberkopf reiner grau, weniger braun, Griin des Oberkorpers bei der neuen Form weniger gelb, etwa Warbler Green (Tab. 4). Kleiner als cinereiceps. Fliigel (^ ad. 46,5, 47, 49 mm. (gegen 49-52 mm.), $ 45,5 mm. Schnabel langer. Culmen 9-9,5 mm. 4. und 5. Schwinge am liingsten.
Typus : (J ad., Waigeu 11. Juni 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1429.
Verbreitung : Waigeu.
Wir benennen diese neue Rasse nach Herrn Dr. W. Meise, dem verdienten Monographen der Gattung Oerygone, der auch die obenstehende Diagnose entworfen hat."
Gerygone magnirostris cobana (Mathews).
Zosterops fusca Bernstein, J.f. V. Bd. 12, p. 406 (1864 — Waigeu). Nee Ptilotis fiiscus Gould 1838 =
Gerygone ftisca (Gould). Ethelornis magnirostris cohana Mathews, Bull. Brit. Ornith. Club, 47, p. 40 (1926 — nomen novum
pro Zosierops fusca Bernstein).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Stein.
|
1432. |
14. VI. |
(Ja- |
Fl. 57 ; |
Gew. |
10 |
|
|
1434. |
17. VI. |
3^■ |
„ 58; |
8,5 |
||
|
1435. |
15. VI. |
(Jj. |
„ 59; |
9 |
||
|
1431. |
13. VI. |
3^- |
„ 56; |
9; |
' Flisse bleigrau." |
|
|
1433. |
7. VI. |
cJi- |
„ 58; |
9,1 |
||
|
1438. |
8. VI. |
cJo- |
,. 58,5 |
9,5 |
Herr Dr. Meise, dem wir drei der obigen Exemplare zur Untersuchung zusandten, aussert sich iiber das Ergebnis wie folgt : " 3 (J ad. mit einer Fliigel- lange von 56, 58, 59 stechen durch ihie fast weisse Unterseite von alien anderen Rassen ab, von der nachstwohnenden conspicillata (1 Stiick von Manokwari, der terra typica. Stein leg., verglichen) durch weniger rahmfarben getonten Unterkorper imd germgere Ausdehnimg des braunUchen Anfluges an den Weichen, der keine Spur einer gelblichen Beimischung zeigt. Das einzige ad. von Kapaur hatte ich wegen der braunen Oberseite an conspicillata angesehlossen. Der griinere Oberkorper der von Stem erlegten Stiicke beweist die Unwichtigkeit dieses Merkmales, das ja auch bei uffinis in ahnlicher Weise variiert. Daher ergibt sich folgende Rassenemteilmig fiir das westliche Neuguinea (vergl. Nov. ZoOL. 36, p. 335 fE.) :
mimikae Og. Grant : Siidwestneugumea, westwarts wenigstens bis Kapaur.
conspicillata (Gray) : Unterseite etwas heller, Weichen gelblicher : Vogel- kopf.
affinis A. B. Meyer : Weichen noch gelber : Gebiet der Geelvink-Bai von Passim siid-mid ostwarts, Jobi und Nord-Neuguinea ostlich davon.
cohanit (Mathews) : Unterkorper fast weiss. In der Ki'opfgegend leicht rahmfarben. Weichen in geringer Ausdehnung bramilich, nicht gelblich getont : Waigeu."
Mageninhalt : Insekten (1433).
Gerygone palpebrosa palpebrosa Wallace.
W. Meise, Nov. Zool. xxxvi, 1930, pp. 330-:i31.
Gresammelt von : Waterstradt, Stein.
1427. 13. VI. (Jj. Fl. 55 ; Gew. 8,1 1020. 27. V. •• oV ,. 52,5; „ 7,5 ('^ ?)
IIJO NOVITATES ZOOLOCIICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
" Diese beiden Stiicke zeigen, dass nach der Breite des schwarzen Stirnstreifs keiiie Treimiuig innerhalb dieser Subspecies (vgl. Nov. Zool. xxxix, p. 331) augangig Lst. Wateistradts Stiick hat schmalen, statt breiten Streif (Praepara- tion und iiidividuelle Variation). Das Griin des Oberkorpers ist hell wie bei Aiii-Stiicken. Es bleibt also hochstens die Grosse als Unterscheidungsmerkmal, da das q 55, das $ 52,5 mm. Fliigellange hat, also zu den Massen der grosseren nordlichen Population passt.'" (Dr. W. Meise in Utt.)
Machaerirhynchus flaviventer albifrons Gray.
Machaerirhynchus albifrons Gray, Proc. Zool. Hoc. Land. 1861, p. 429 (1861 — Waigeu, Misol). Gesammelt von : Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
(J (J (20. V.-IO. VI.) Fl. 55,5-58-o8,o--59--59,5.
Gew. 9,5-10.2-10,3-10,5. ?$(22. V.-U. VI.) Fl. 53-54^-56-59. j
Gew. 9,5--9,8-10-10,5.
2 (J in Fliigelmauser.
Mit einer Serie aus Siwi (Arfak-Gebirge) iibereinstimmend. Mageniiilialt : Insekten (1487, 1499, 1498, 1486, 1478).
Crateroscelis murinus capitalis Stres. & Pal.
Crateroscelis murinus capitalis Stresemann & Paludan, 0. M. B. Bd. 40, p. 14 (1932 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Stein.
|
1467. |
10. VI. |
(J- |
Fl. 58 ; Gew. 14,6 |
|
|
1471. |
25. v. |
Ol- |
., 58; |
. 13 |
|
1468. |
10. VI. |
Oo- |
„ 56; |
, 13,3 |
|
1469. |
26. V. |
cJ. |
„ 55; |
, 13 |
|
1470. |
12. VI. |
?o- |
„ 54,5; |
, 12,5 |
|
1466. |
24. V. |
?o- |
„ 52,5; |
, — |
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" (J ad. : Unterscheidet sich von C. m. murinus Sclater (terra typica restr. Lobo-Bai, S. Miiller leg.) durch die Farbiuig des Oberkopfes, der nicht matt- schwarz, sondern sehr dunkel oUvbraun ist, fast genau von demselben Ton wie beim $ von C. m. murinus, und durch etwas geringere Grosse. Geschlechter gleichgefarbt. Fliigel o 56-58 mm. (bei murinus 60-63,5 mm.), $ 52, .5-54, 5 mm. (bei murinus 54-58 mm.).
Typus : ^ ad., Waigeu 25. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1471.
Verbreitimg : Waigeu."
Sericornis spilodera femiginea Stres. & Pal.
Sericornis spilodera Jerruginea Streaemann & Paludan, U. M. B. Bd. 40, p. 16 (1932 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Stein.
JUV.
|
1446. |
25. V. |
Sz- |
Fl. 58 |
Gew. 10.1 |
|
1445. |
9. VI. |
cJo. |
„ 59 |
,. 10,2 |
|
1441. |
22. v. |
$1- |
.. 53 |
,. 9,5 |
|
1443. |
8. VI. |
?!• |
„ 55 |
„ 9 |
|
1544. |
22. V. |
Si- |
„ 53 |
,. 10; |
|
1442. |
10. VI. |
V |
„ 58 |
„ 10,5 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 161
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" Sericornis (' Aethomyias ') ^ spilodera war bisher nur vom Festland Neu- guineas bekannt. Herr Stein entdeckte sie aiich aiif Japan (Jobi) und Waigeu. Wahrend die Rasse von Japen mit 8. s. spilodera Gray iibereinstimmt (verglichen mit einer Serie vom Sepik-Gebiet), weicht die Waigeu-Rasse stark ab, und zwar durch folgende Merkmale :
Im Vergleich zu spilodera (J ist der Oberkopf in beiden Geschlechtern nicht mattschwarz, sondern rostlich oliv, die Stirn hell rostlich statt schwarz. Die Farbung des Oberkopfes geht allmahlich in die des Riickens iiber, der etwas mehr gelblich oliv, weniger graulich oliv ist als bei spilodera. Olirdecken und Augenumgebiuig fahl rostlich, etwas heller als die Stirn, nicht schwarzlich wie bei spilodera. Langsfleckung von Kehle und Brust viel weniger scharf und schnialer, in der Regel nur als schmaler verloschener schwarzgrauer Schaftstrich und nicht als schwarzer Tropfenfleck aiisgebUdet. Geschlechter gleichgefarbt. wahrend sie bei spilodera hinsichtlich des Oberkopfes deutlich verschieden sind. Fliigel (J 58-59, ? 53-55 mm.
Typus : ^, Waigeu 25. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1446.
Verbreitung : Waigeu."
Magenmhalt : Insekten (1446, Jobi : 359, 424, 533).
Motacilla cinerea caspica (Gm.). Gesammelt von : GuUlemard 22.-29. X. 1883).
Coracina novaehollandiae melanops (Lath.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
1610. 21. V. $. Fl. 186 Zugvogel aus Australien.
Coracina lineata axillaris Salvad. Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
1054. 2. VI. ^i. Fl. 143 ; Gew. 74
1057. 27. V. $,. ,. 131 ; „ 65,5 1059. 2. VI. $1. „ 133 ; „ 74
1058. 26. V. $,. ., 131,5 ; „ 70
Zum Vergleich konnten nur 2 $5 vom Sattelberg benutzt werden, die an Kehle imd Brust etwas heller grau sind als die $$ von Waigeu. Das Material reicht indessen zur Entscheidmig der Frage, ob hier geographische Variation vorliegt, nicht aus, umsomehr als die beiden $$ vom Sattelberg untereinander ziemlich verschieden gefarbt sind : bei dem einen Lst die Brust weiss, schwarz imd grau quergebandert, bei dem anderen im wesentlichen nur schwarz und weiss quergebandert.
Edolisoma melan waigeuense Stres. & Pal.
Edolisoma melan waigetiense Stresemann & Paludan, (}. U. B. Bd. 40, p. 17 (1932 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Stein.
1056. 23. V. Si- Fl- 126 ; Schw. 96 ; Gew. 63 ; Schwanzmauser. 1047. 21. V. $j. „ 121 ; „ 88,5 ; „ 53
' Mit Meise (Nov. Zool. 36, 1931, p. 319) sind wir der Ansicht, dass die Gattung Aethomyias nicht aufrechterhalteii werden kaun.
11
1(52
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" Im mannlichen Geschlecht ist diese neue Rasse nicht zu unterscheiden von E. m. tnelan (Less.)- Das $ von E. m. ivaigeuense Lst deutlicli gekennzeiclmet durch weit voneinander abstehende schmale schwarze Queibander der rostfar- benen Fedem von Brust- und Bauchseite, die sich gegen die Mitte des rost- farbenen Unterkorpers zu vereinzelten schwarzen Flecken auflosen. Bei E. m. melan finden sich niir gelegentlicli Spuren solcher Querbanderung an einigen verdeckten Federn der Bauchseite ($ Sejiik-Gebiet : Lordberg, Dr. Burgers leg. Nr. 820). Fliigel S 126, ? 121 ram.
Typus : ? ad., Waigeu 21. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1047.
Verbreitung : Waigeu."
Edolisoma tenuirostre nehrkomi Salvad.
Edoliisoma nehrkomi Salvadori, Vrn. Pap. Aggiunte, ii, p. 91 (1890 — Waigeu) ; Salvadori, Ibis, 1886, p. 152.
Gesamnielt von : Platen.
Es handelt sich hier zweifellos um eine Form der ienuirosfre-GTXxp'pe und nicht um einen Vert-reter der ceramerwe-Gruppe. Das geht sowohl aus Salva- doris Angabe : " Ohrdecken und Kelile glanzend schwarz," als auch aus der betrachtlichen Grosse des Typus und bisherigen Unikums (Fl. 123 mm.) hervor.
Edolisoma ceramense incertum (A. B. Meyer). Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
1051. |
27. V. |
'^i- |
Fl. 116; |
Gew |
57 |
|
|
1052. |
31. V. |
^1- |
„ 113; |
62; |
Fliigelinauser. |
|
|
1055. |
31. V. |
6i- |
,. 114; |
59 |
||
|
1045. |
1. VI. |
<?!■ |
„ 112; |
56; |
Mauser aus I. Ja. Kl |
|
|
1049. |
16. VI. |
?2- |
.. 112; |
67; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
|
1046. |
6. VI. |
$0- |
„ 109; |
61 |
||
|
1048. |
3. VI. |
?0- |
„ 110,5 |
51 |
Mauser aus I. Ja. Kl |
|
|
1050. |
1. VI. |
?0- |
,,113; |
58 |
||
|
1053. |
3. VI. |
?. |
„ 115; |
50 |
I. ,. ■> |
Die ceramerwe-Gruppe war bisher von keiner der westpapuanischen Inseln bekannt. Herr Stein wies sie von Waigeu in einer Rasse nach, die der von Jobi bescliriebenen Form E. c. incertum A. B. Meyer sehr nahe steht, aber in folgender Hinsicht von Lhr abweicht. (J ^d. : Die graue Farbung etwas heller als bei incertum, die Kehle wie die iibrige Unterseite gefarbt und nicht wie bei incertum schwarzlich verdiistert. $ ad. : Unterseite mit schwachen Andeutungen einer weissen Banderung, die bei den beiden zum Vergleich benutzten $$ vom Sepik- gebiet volUg fehlt.
Das 9 ist etwas heller grau gefarbt als das cJ und hat hellere Ohrdeckfedern mit weisslichen Schaften. Bei einem $ (Nr. 1048) fehlt dieses ietzte Merkmal.
1050 tragt auf der Unterseite einfarbig blaugraue Federn mit zwei schwarzen und zwei weissen Querbinden, zu denen noch die Andeutung einer chitten Bchwarzen Binde hinzukommen kann (Hemmungskleid ?).
Mageninhalt : Riesige Larven (1051), Heuschrecken (1055, 1046, 1049), Insekten (1048, 1050).
NoviTATES Zoological XXXVIII. 1932. 163
Lalage atrovirens atrovirens (Gray). Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
979. |
23. III. |
cJi- |
Fl. 101 ; |
Gew. 32 |
|
978. |
26. III. |
?o- |
„ 96,5 ; |
„ 33 |
Bisher im Gebiet der we.stlichen papuanischen Inseln niir von Misol und Salawati bekamit. Die beiden Waigeustiicke siiid nicht zu unterscheiden von einer Serie aus dam Sepikgebiet.
Mageninhalt : rotes imd griine.s Fruchtfleisch (1970), rotes faseriges Frucht- fleisch mit lifeffergrossen schwarzen Kernen (978).
Hinindo tahitica frontalis Quoy & Gaimard. Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
|
1455. |
12. VI. |
^1- |
Fl. 105 ; |
Gew. 13,8 |
|
|
1457. |
15. VI. |
6o. |
,. 108; |
„ 15,4 ; |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
1456. |
13. VI. |
*0- |
„ 105,5; |
.. 15 |
„ |
|
1454. |
14. VI. |
$0- |
„ 106,5; |
.. 13,5; |
juv. |
Ubereinstimmend mit 7 Exemplaren aus Halmahera und 7 aus Makassar (Siid-Celebes). Die javanische ^asse javanica scheLnt durch die Konstanz eiuer etwas heller rotbraunen Stirnbinde unterschieden zu sein.
Pitta sordida novaeguineae Miill. & Schleg. Gesammelt von : Bernstein.
Pitta mackloti mackloti Temm.
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1117. l.VI. cJj. Fl. 102; Gew. 83 1114. 25. V. (J 2. ., 105; „ 86
nil. 8. VI. $3.
in;!. l.VI. $2.
1116. 27. V. ?j.
1115. 20. V. $2.
1112. 25. V. $,.
107 ; „ 82
106 ; „ 90
102,5 ; „ 95
104 ; „ 81
104,5 ; „ 91
Die Farbe des Nackens ist bei alien Waigeuvogeln ausgesprochen braunUch und nicht so rot wie bei Jiabenichli. Em Exemplar aus Manokwari hat einen etwas roteren Nacken als die Waigeuvogel. Wir sehen jedoch keuien Anlass, einen neuen Namen zu geben.
Mageninhalt : Kleine Insekten (1113), I Puppe ca. 3 cm. lang, 1 Schnecke, Insekten (111.5), Grosse weisse Larve, weich (1112), Larven und kleine Kafer (Jobi 190), 1 Heuschrecke, 1 weisse Larve, 1 Tausendfiissler von 11 cm. Lange (Jobi 313). Graue breiartige Masse (Jobi 345), Kaferlarve, Chitin (Jobi 320), Fliigeldecken von Kafern (Jobi 235).
Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Lesson). Gesammelt von : Bruijn, GuLUemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1155. |
29. V. |
Ji- |
Fl. 225 ; |
Gew. 79 |
|
1156. |
14. VI. |
?!■ |
„ 229; |
„ 75 |
Mageninhalt : 1 grosse Hymenoptere mit Stachel (1156).
164
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. l'J32.
Collocalia esculenta subsp.
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Stein. Siehe unter Numfor !
Collocalia vanikorensis waigeuensis subsp. nov.
Gesammelt von : Stein.
In seiner Revision der Gattung Collocalia (MitteU. Zool. Mtis. Berlin, Bd. 12, Heft 1 und 2, 1925-26) hat Stresemann den Versuch gemacht, alle Collocalia- Formen iii 6 Rassenkreise ziisammenzufassen. Dass dieser Versuch nicht restlos gegliickt sei und die Zahl der Formenkreise eine grossere sein miisse, hat sich bald darauf ergeben, und Stresemann hat daher bei der Revision der westmalayischen Salanganen {Bull, of Raffles Mus. Singai)ore, No. 6, pp. 83-101, 1931) die in der
Kabte 2. — Verbreitung des Rassenkreises Collocalia francica im Malayischeii Archipel. — Rassen : (1) germani Oust. ; (2) vestita (Less.) ; {^) javensis Stres. ; (4) d^immermani Rensch ; (5) micans Stres. ; (6) aenigma Riley.
Westhalfte des Malajrischen Archipels lebenden Formen zum Teil neu gruppiert. Es zeigte sich bei diesen Untersuchungen unter anderem, dass die Art Collocalia fuciphaga nach Osten nicht iiber Java hinausreiche iind alle Formen, die iistlich der Wallace 'schen Linie vorkommen und von Stresemann 1925 als Rassen zu C. fuciphaga gestellt worden waren, anderen Arten angehoren miissen. Es sei nun hier der Versuch unternommen, die Gruppierung fiir das papuanische Gebiet, die Mohikken und Celebes durchzufiihren. Er kann jetzt mit besserem Recht gewagt warden, da die E.xpeditionen Stein und Heinrich em einzigartiges Material zur Klarung der Frage geliefert haben.
In dem nun zu behandelnden Gebiet kommen mindestens zwei (wenn nicht mehr) Arten der grauen Salanganen vor. Sie wurden friiher als Collocalia fuciphaga imd C. francica vmterschieden. Man glaubte also diese beiden Arten
NOVITATES ZoOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
165
iiber das ganze malayische CJebiet hinweg bis ins polynesische Gebiet verfolgen zu konnen. Mit dieser Schematisierung ist man jedoch zu weit gegangen.
Wie wir diirch die Ergebnisse der Expedition Heinrich wissen, kommen in Central-Celebes zwei Collocalia-Arten nebeneinander vor : eine kleinere mit scharf ausgepragtem weisslichgrauen Biirzelband, die von Stresemann als C fraricica sororwm beschrieben wiirde, und eine grossere, deren ganze Oberseite einfarbig Lst und die von Riley den Namen C. francica aenigma erhielt. Wahrend C. sororum von alien C'oZtocaiia-Formen der Kleinen Siuidainseln, der Philippinen luid von Borneo fundamental abweicht, lasst sich G . aenigma unserer Meinung nach ohne Zwang an C. francica vestita (Borneo) und C. francica micans (Kleine Sunda-Inseln) anschliessen. Es erhebt sich nun die Frage, ob C. sororum nahe Verwandte auf den Molukken hat, ob sie also etwa von Osten her auf Celebes eingewandert ist, imd ob fiir C. aenigma das gleiche gilt. Hemrichs Sammlung
Karte 3. — Verbreitung des Rassenkreises Collocnlia vanikoren^is im Raum zwischen Celebes und Bismarck-Archipel. — Rassen : (1) vanikorensis (Quoy & Gaim.) ; (2) steini (Stres. & Pal.) ,• (3) baru Stres. & Pal. ; (4) waigeuensis Stres. & Pal. ; (5) hirundUiacea Stres. ; (6) mayri Hart. ; (7) pseudovestita Stres. ; (8) excelsa Og. Grant ; (9) inoluccarum Stres. ; (10) injuscala Salvad. ; (11) cerome/ist« van Oort ; (12) sororum Stres. ; (\i) terrae-regiiias Ra,ms.
von Halmahera erlaubt es, diese Frage zu beantworten und damit die Taxonomie der CoOocalien wieder ein Stiick welter zu bringen.
Auf den Nord-Molukken (Ternate, Halmahera) lebt nur eine Art grauer Collocalien ; dies ist C. infuscata Salvador!, von welchen Herr Heinrich eine Serie von 5 Stiick am Vulkan Gomkonora auf Nordhalmahera sammelte. Diese Exemplare sind ausserst interessant. Sie offenbaren namlich, dass die Biirzel- farbung auf Halmahera in iiberraschender Weise variiert. Es gibt dort Individuen mit sehr licht weissgrauem Biirzelband, die fast genau so aussehen wie C. sororum, imd daneben andere, denen jede Aufhellung in der Biirzelregion voUig fehlt und welche dadurch tauschend ahnlich sind den Salanganen von Ncuguinea, die man bisher in den Rassenkreis C. fuciphaga einbezogen hat. Die gleiche Variabilitat der Biirzelfarbung hat bereits Pleske {Melanges Biol., Bull. Acad. Sci. SI. Peters- bourg, xii, 1884, p. 121) bei C. infuscata auf Ternate gefunden. C. infuscata zeigt also, dass C. sororum ein Einwanderer von Osten her ist und mit den dunkel-
166
NOVITATES ZoOLOGICAi; XXXVIII. 1!I32.
biirzligen Collocalien von Neuguinea in einen Rassenkreis gestellt werden muss. Dieser Rassenkreis lasst sich nach Osten iiber Neuguinea hinaus verfolgen. Es gehort dahin mindestens noch C. vanikoreiisis Quoy & Gaimard, welche von Vanicoro beschrieben wurde und tins in einer Serie vom Bismarck-Archipel vorliegt.
Wahrend es auf Neuguinea ausser der riesigen Collocalia whiteheadi unseres Wissens keine andere " graue " Collocalia-Ait gibt, lebt im Bismarck-Archipel neben C. vanikorensis noch eine zweite, kleinere Art. die nicht wie C. vanikorensis eine einfarbige Oberseite, sondern einen scharf markierten weisslichen Biirzel hat : C. reichenowi, von friiheren Autoren in den Rassenkreis C.francica gestellt. Diese hellbiirzlige Gruppe ist ausser vom Bismarck-Archipel auch von den Salomonen, den Fiji-Insehi, Tonga- luid Samoa-Inseln bekannt, lasst sich dagegen vom Bismarck-Archipel aus nicht mit Sicherheit weiter nach Westen verfolgen.
'^
o^
Karte 4. — Verbreituiig von Collocalia spodiopygia reichenowi Stres.
Es ist nicht moglich, sie an die Gruppe C. francica anzuschliessen, und man tut daher gut, C. reichenoivi und die ilir nahestehenden Rassen unter dem altesten Namen C. spodiopygia zusammenzufassen. Es bleibt nmi zu untersuchen iibrig, wie die dunkelbiirzligen Collocalien des papuanischen Gebietes, welche nach Westen zu in hellbiirzlige iibergehen, zu benennen sind. Wir haben gesehen, dsiss sie weder zu C. fuciphaga noch zu C. francica noch zu C. spodiopygia gestellt werden konnen. Das zwingt zu der Annahme eines weiteren Rassenkreises, der nach der altesten hierhergehorigen Form C. vanikorensis genannt werden muss. Zur westlichen Gruppe von C. vanikorensis gehoren die folgenden Formen :
1. C. vanikoreiisis vanikorensis Quoy & Gaimard.
Verbreitung : Bismarck-, Louisiade- und D'Entrecasteaux-Archipel, Santa Cruz, Neue Hebriden.
Biirzel gleichfarbig mit Riicken, Tarsus stets unbefiedert, Ohrdecken sehr hell im Gegensatz zu fast alien Rassen von Neuguinea und seinen Inseln. Fliigel 116-123 mm.
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
167
2. C. vanikorensis sleini subsp. nov.
Verbreitiing : Niimfor.
Typus : ? ad., Numfor 14. April 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 734.
|
732. |
18. IV. |
^1- |
Fl. 118; ,Sc |
hw. 43/55 |
Gew. 11,5 |
|
|
717. |
20. IV. |
<?!• |
„ 123 ; |
43/55 |
„ 10 |
|
|
726. |
18. IV. |
<?!■ |
„ 115; |
, 44,5/53 |
„ 10,1 |
|
|
733. |
18. IV. |
(Jo- |
„ (110); |
44/49 |
„ 10,8 ; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
716. |
20. IV. |
cJo- |
„ 117; |
44/; |
„ 10,9 |
„ |
|
734. |
14. IV. |
$0- |
„ 118,5; |
45/53 |
,. 13,5 ; |
Typus. |
|
709. |
14. IV. |
?o. |
„ 117,5; |
41/51 |
„ 10,5 |
|
|
714. |
18. IV. |
$0- |
.. (118); |
, 44,5/53 |
„ 11,7- |
Flugelmauser |
|
715. |
20. IV. |
So- |
„ (116); |
44/52 |
„ 9,5 |
„ |
Alle ohne Tarsenbefiederimg.
Auf der Unterseite dunkler als alle Populationen avLs Westneuguinea (mit Ausnahme von waigeuensis, von welcher sie sich aber unterscheiden durch bedeutendere Fliigellange), namlich fast genau von demselben Farbton wie C. francica javensis. Auf der Oberseite nicht zu luiterscheiden von unserem Material aus Waigeu, Manokwari und Weyland-Gebirge (aber besonders auf dem Riicken etwas heller und griinlicher, nicht so schwarzlich und dabei nicht so blaulich schimmernd wie die Rasse haru auf Jobi). Schwanz relativ langer als bei den anderen papuanischen Rassen ; Tarsus volUg unbefiedert, Fliigellange : 110-118,5.
3. C. vanikorensis baru subsp. nov.
Verbreitung ; Kampong Baru auf Jobi.
Typus : ? ad., Kampong Baru, Jobi, 25. Marz 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 643.
635. 24. III. Jj. Fl. 113; Schw. 41/47,5 ; Gew. 8,7 ; Flugelmauser.
|
634. |
24. III. |
6o- |
, 110; |
„ 41/(43) ; |
„ 8,7 |
„ |
|
641. |
25. III. |
(?2- |
, 112; |
„ 39/47 ; |
„ 9,6 |
„ |
|
633. |
24. III. |
cJo- |
, 106,5; |
„ 39/47 ; |
„ 8,5 |
,, |
|
643. |
25. III. |
?0- |
, 108; |
„ 40/45,5 ; |
.. 9,6 ; |
Typus. |
|
642. |
25. III. |
$0- |
. 109; |
„ 40/45 ; |
„ 9,1 ; |
Flugelmauser |
Alle mit Tarsenbefiederung.
Auf Jobi sammelte Herr Stein zwei verschiedene Rassen dieser Art. Wah- rend er beim Dorf Serui eine kleine Serie erbeutete, die wir nicht von Exemjilaren aus Manokwari zu trennen vermogen, es sei denn, dass die Ohrdecken bei den Vogeln von Serui etwas heller, weniger schwarzUch sind, und die wir vorlaufig aLs C. V. hirundinacea betrachten, da wir einen direkten Vergleich mit terratyisischen Stiicken gegenwartig nicht unternehmen konnen, erbeutete er bei der Ortschaft Kampong Baru eine deutlich verschiedene Subspecies. Sie ist kleiner als die bei Serui vorkommende Rasse, hat nicht einen nackten, sondern einen auf der Aussenseite meist kraftig befiederten Lauf und eine dunklere Oberseite, die auf dem Riicken mehr bliiulich, weniger griinlich schillert. Auf der Unterseite ist sie ebenso hell silbrig wie die Vogel von Serui und Manokwari. Die Ohrdecken der Rasse baru sind so dunkel wie bei Manokwarivogeln, nicht so braunlich wie bei Serui-Vogeln.
Jgjj NOVITATES ZOOLOOKAE XXXVIII. 1932.
4. C. vanikorensis waigenensis subsp. iiov.
Verbreitung : Waigeu.
Typus : cJ ad., Waigeu 16. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1453.
Schw. 38,5/44 ; Gew. 9,5 ; Typus.
39/46 ; ,, 10,2 ; Flugelmauser.
38/44,5; „ 9,5
40/47 ; ., 9
38/46 ; „ 10 ; Andeutung von Tarsenbefied.
Ganz wie die Rasse Meini von Numfor gefarbt und gleichfalk mit imbefie- dertem Lauf (bei einem Exemplar an der Aussenseite eiiiige Federchen), aber im Mittel kleiner und mit kiirzerem Schwanz.
5. C. vaiiikorensis hirundinacea Stres.
Verbreitung : provisorisch rechnen wir hierher Exemplare von dem Siid- und Nordhang des Schneegebirges, von Serui auf Jobi und von Manokwari.
|
53. |
16. V. |
Sv |
Fl. 110; |
|
51. |
10. V. |
Sv |
„ 110,5 |
|
50. |
9. VI. |
<Jl- |
.. 109; |
|
149. |
16. V. |
Jo- |
„ 110; |
|
147. |
16. V. |
o'o- |
„ 112; |
|
458. |
7. III. |
" Jobi." ■ |
<?o- |
n. Ill ; |
Schw. 43/51 |
Gew. 10,5 |
|
|
602. |
19. III. |
Serui. |
<5o- |
„ 114,5 |
40/48 |
„ 10,5 ; |
Fliigelmauaer. |
|
649. |
27. III. |
j^ |
?2- |
„ 118; |
„ 41,5/50 |
„ 10,5 |
|
|
648. |
26. III. |
,, |
9o- |
„ 114; |
„ 40,5/48 |
„ 10,5 |
' " Geschosseii im Talkessel, an dessen .\usla\ifer Serui liegt."
Die drei ersten ganz ohne Tarsenbefiederung, der letzte mit einigen Federchen auf der Aussenseite des Laufs.
1448. 1. V. Manokwari. 3^. Fl. 115 ; Schw. 42/50 664. 2. IV. „ ?„. „ 108; Gew. 9,2
Beide ohne Tarsenbefiederung. Nr. 664 in Grossgefiedermauser.
Unter diesem Namen fassen wir vorlaufig die uns von Manokwari, dem unteren Menoo-FIuss am Fuss des Weylandgebirges imd dem Dorf Serui auf Jobi aus der Sammlung Stein vorliegenden E.xemplare zusannnen. Ob sie wirk- lich mit der Population, die an der terra typica (oberer Utakwa-Fluss am Siidhang des Schneegebirges) lebt, identisch sind, konnte nur durch direkten Vergleich entschieden werden imd scheint ims sehr fraglich. Auf der Unterseite sind sie hell silbergrau wie C. v. sororuni. infmrala imd baru, also weniger braimlich getont als steini mid waigeuensis. Auf der Oberseite .stimmen sie im Farbton iiberein mit steini und waigeuensis, wahrend infuscata, sororum und baru auf der Oberseite dimkler und blauer, weniger griinlich schillern. Der Lauf ist in der Regel nackt. Die drei Exemplare vom Menoo mid die kleine Serie von Serui imterscheiden sich von den beiden Manokwari-Stiicken durch etwas bedeutendere Fliigellange und schwarzUchere Ohrdecken.
6. C. vanikorensis mayri Hart. Collocalia fticiphaga mayri Hartert, Nm. Zool. vol. xxxvi, p. 93 (1930 — Siwi).
Verbreitung : Arfak-Gebirge (Siwi 800 m.).
Nach der Diagnose imterscheidet sich der Typus, der bisher Unicum geblieben ist, von C. V. hirundinacea durch dicht befiederten Lauf.
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAK XXXVIII. 1932. 169
7. C. vanikorensis psendotv.siUa Stres.
Verbreitung : Nur bekannt von der A.strolabe-Bai (ehem. Deutsch-Neii- guiiiea). Im Vergleich zu alien bisher bekannten Neuguinea-Rassen auf der Oberseite heller imd griinlicher, nicht so blaulich schillernd. (^berseite fast so hell wie bei C. francica javensis, aber vor allem auf dem Oberkoj^f mehr blaulich, weniger griinlich schillernd. Unterseite nicht so silbrig wie bei hirundinacea, sondern etwas braunhcher. Ohrdecken sehr hell, wie bei vanikorensis fast von dem Farbton der Unterseite, also viel heller als bei hirundinacea. Tarsus an der Aussenseite bei einem Exemplar nackt, bei anderen rait einigen Federchen. FliigeUange 109, 110, 111, 113, 116.
8. C. vanikorensis excelsa 0. -Grant.
Verbreitung : Oberer Utakwa-Fluss (8000 Fuss).
Vor alien iibrigen beschriebenen Neuguinea-Rassen durch die bedeutende Grosse gekennzeichnet ; in der Farbung anscheinend sehr ahnlich C. v. hirundi- nacea.
9. C. vanikorensis moluccarum Stres.
Verbreitung : Ambon, Banda, Taam, Koor, Kei-Inseln.
Von C. V. hirundinacea abweichend durch die in der Regel etwas dimklere Unterseite und haufig griinlicheren, weniger blaulichen Schiller der Oberseite, Von C. V. ceramensis abweichend durch einfarbige Oberseite, vollig nackten Tarsus und bedeutendere Grosse. Fl. 110-118. Mittel von 23 Exemplaren 114,5.
10. C. vanikorensis infiiscata Salvad.
Verbreitung ; Halmahera, Ternate, Morotai.
Auf Ober- und Unterseite fast genau so gefarbt wie C v. baru, aber in der Regel mit einem weisslichgrauen Biirzelband rait feinen schwarzen Schaftstrichen. Selten ist dieses Biirzelband sehr stark verdunkelt oder gar vollig verschwunden, sodass dann die ganze Oberseite wie bei den papuanischen Rassen emfarbig ist. Tarsenbefiederung stark wechselnd zwischen starkbefiedert und vollig fehlend. Fl. 109,5-110^-111-113.
11. C. vanikorensis ceramensis van Oort.
Verbreitung : Seran, Buru.
Anschemend nicht zu unterscheiden von leucopygia Wall, aus Neu-Kale- donien. Oberseite wie bei C. v. infiiscata bis auf den Umstand, dass das Biirzelband sehr scharf ausgepragt und beinahe rein weiss ist mit schwarzen Schaftstrichen. Unterseite heller als bei injuscaia : silbrig grauweiss. Tarsusbefiederung : Aussenseite der Laufe schwach befiedert. Fl. 102-109.
12. C. vanikorensis sororum Stres.
Verbreitung : Mittel-, Siidost- und Siid-Celebes.
In der Fiirbinig iiusserst ahnlich infuscafa, aber Unterseite ein klein wenig heller, silbriger, und Biirzelband noch weisslicher, niemals fehlend. Tarsen- befiedenmg : Wechselnd zwischen schwach und sehr stark. Fl. j 109-115, ? 107-114 (vgl. Orn. Monatsbcr. 1931, p. 13).
170 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
13. C. vanikorensis terrae-reginae Ramsay.
Verbreitiuig : Nord- Queensland.
Bei dieser Rasse, die uns gegenwartig nicht vorUegt, ist der Biirzel in der Regal stark weissUch aufgeheUt, wie bei C. v. infuscata, es scheint aber auch Individuen mit ganz einfarbiger Oberseite zu geben.
Als Sjnionyme betrachten wir C. francica yorki Math, und C. francica zoonava Math., doch hahen wir es fiJr mogUch, dass kiinftige Untersuchungen die Existenz mehrerer geographisch getrennter Rassen in Nord-Queensland erweisen werden.
Caprimulgus macrurus schillmolleri Stres.
Caprinwlgm macrurus srjiilhmlkri Stresemann, ". M. B. xxxix, p. 170 (1931 — Halmahera).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Stein.
|
1538. |
28. V. |
Sz- |
Fl. 179 |
Gew. 66 |
|
|
1539. |
2. VI. |
s^. |
„ 189 |
„ 69 |
|
|
1540. |
10. V. |
Sv |
,. 178 |
,. 67 |
|
|
1541. |
2. VI. |
?. |
., 176 |
,. — ; |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
1543. |
13. V. |
$0. |
„ 178 |
„ 68 |
,, |
Die von Herrn Stein auf Waigeu gesammelten Stiicke weichen so, wie es die Diagnose von scMllmolleri angibt, von 3 Exemplaren aus Manokwari (C m. yorki) ab.
Die Geschlechter imterscheiden .sich m folgender Weise : das helle Feld der Steuerfedem ist beim $ nicht rein weiss wie beim ,^, sondern braimlich gelb getriibt. Ebenso verhalt es sich mit dem weissen Fliigelspiegel. Nr. 1540, als J vom Sammler bezeichnet, gleicht in der Farbung einem $ ; wahrscheinUch ist das auch ein Merkmal des jungen (J.
Podargus papuensis papuensis Quoy & Gaimard.
Podargii^ papuensis conigravi MaAhewa, Nov. Zool. Bd. xviii, p. 281 (1912 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen.
Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaimard.
Podargus suptrciliaris Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861, p. 428, pi. 42 (1861 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1543. 27. V. Si- Fl. 190 ; Schw. 164 ; Gew. 140
Ninox theomacha (Bonap.).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Platen, Waterstradt.
Das von Platen auf Waigeu gesammelte Stiick befindet sich unter Nr. 27690 im Berliner Museum. Im Vergleich zu einem von Dr. Mayr im Saruwagedgebirge erbeuteten Exemplar ist der Oberkopf durch seine Farbe viel weniger scharf gegen den Riicken abgesetzt. Der Oberkopf des Waigeuvogels hat braunlichere, weniger schwarzgraue, der Riicken graulichere, weniger rostlichbraunliche Tonung, als es bei dem Saruwagedvogel der Fall ist. Das stimmt ganz gut mit der Beschreibung iiberein, die Salvadori (Orn. Pap. i, p. 79) von dem durch Beccari auf Waigeu gesammelten Stiick gegeben hat. Es lebt also mogUcher- weise auf Waigeu erne noch unbenannte endemische Rasse.
J
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIIl. 1932. 171
Ninox ruJa humeralis (Bonap.).
Noct-uafranseiiiHcUegel, Ned. Tijdsehr. Dierk. vol. iii, p. 2.56 (1866 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein.
Salvador! hat {Orn. Pap. i, p. 86) keinerlei Unterschiede zwischen dem von Bernstein erlegten $ und Vogeln von Neuguinea feststellen konnen.
Merops omatus Lath. '
Gesammelt von : Stein.
1002. 4. V. ?„. Fl. 101,5 ; Gew. 25,8 ; Gross- und Kleingefiedermauser.
Zugvogel aus AustraUen.
Rhyticeros plicatus ruflcollis (Vieill.).
Buceros ruficoUis Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., vol. iv, p. 600 (1816 — ^Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : LabiUardiere, Quoy & Gaimard, Beccari, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1675. 15. V. ?,. Fl. 380 ; Gew. 1600
Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Sclater. Gesammelt von : Wallace.
Eurystomus orientalis paciflcus (Latham). Gesammelt von : Bernstein. Zugvogel aus Australien.
Alcyone azurea lessoni Cass. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Platen.
Alcyone pusilla (Temm.). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Guillemard, Stein.
1296. 12. VI. Si- Fl- 51 ; Gew. 15,3
Ceyx lepidus solitarius Temm. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, GuUlemard, Platen, Stein
1297. 11. VI. <J,. n. 54; Gew. 15 1295. 13. V. (J,. „ 55,5 ; „ 15
1298. 16. VI. $„. „ 54 ; „ 14
Diese drei Balge sind nicht zu unterscheiden von 4 Exemplaren aus Jobi und 6 Exemplaren voin Sepikgebiet. Die Farbe der LTnterseite variiert Lndividuell an Intensitat.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (129.5, 1298, Jobi 370).
172 NOVITATER ZoOLnclCAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Tanysiptera hydrocharis galatea Clray.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn. Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1154. |
15. V. |
cJ.. |
Fl. 112,5 ; |
Gew. 64 |
|
|
1143. |
27. V. |
<Ji- |
„ 105; |
., 63 |
|
|
1142. |
17. V. |
cJi. |
„ 109; |
„ 63 |
|
|
1152. |
20. V. |
<Jl- |
., 106; |
„ — |
|
|
1139. |
17. V. |
<?!■ |
., 107; |
„ 66; |
Schwanz- und Fliigelraauser. |
|
1144. |
25. V. |
<il- |
„ 108; |
., 67 |
|
|
1145. |
16. V. |
(Jo- |
„ 107; |
„ 64 |
» |
|
1147. |
10. V. |
92. |
„ 111; |
„ 83 |
|
|
1140. |
15. V. |
?=,• |
„ 108,5; |
„ 77 |
|
|
1153. |
21. V. |
$.• |
., Ill ; |
— |
|
|
1149. |
20. V. |
?..• |
„ 108; |
.. 65,5 ; |
Reste des Jugendkleides. |
|
1146. |
11. V. |
?.. |
„ 110; |
„ 70,5 |
|
|
1150. |
20. V. |
?!■ |
„ 109; |
„ 75 |
|
|
1151. |
15. V. |
$1- |
,. 106; |
„ 68; |
Fliigel- und Schwanzniauser. |
|
1141. |
24. V. |
?0- |
„ 108; |
„ 70,5 |
,1 " |
|
1148. |
23. V. |
" $?.' |
' „ 107,5; |
, „ 63 |
Ubereinstimmend mit einer Serie aus Manokwari iind kaum zu unterscheiden von einer gros.sen Serie vom Sepikgebiet, aiif die der Name rneyeri Salvad. ange- wandt werden muss. Die Farbung des Oberkopfes variiert bei alien Populationen so stark zwischen heller und dimkler blauer Tonung, dass man nach diesem Merkmal die Rassen nicht tremien kann, und auch die Farbimg des zentralen Steuerfederpaares ist von ausserst variablem Charakter ; einzelne Stiicke aus Waigeu haben an der Basis dieses Steuerfederpaares so viel Weiss wie die am extremsten gefarbten Sepikvogel. Die Diagnose von T. h. meyeri kann also nur lauten : Weiss an der Basis des centralen Steuerfedernpaares in der Mehrzahl der Falle ausgedehnter als bei galatea und Grosse etwas geringer (Altersfliigel (^$ 98- 110, bei galatea 104-112,5 mm.).
Mageninhalt : 1 grosser Tausendfiissler (1152), Larve, grosse Insekten (1144), 1 weichhautige Krabbe (1140), Gehauseschnecken (1153), 1 Krabbe (1151), 1 Schnecke und 1 Eidechse (1141).
Halcyon saurophaga saurophaga Gould.
Gesammelt von ; Bernstein, CJuillemard, Stein.
Schwanzmauser.
Oberfliigeldecken mit weissen Sauraen.
Fliigel- und Schwanzmauser.
Farbung : ^J Schulter- und Riickenfedern weit blaulicher als beim $, ganz wie bei H. Moris [also : beim ^ dark bluish grey-green (Ridgway, pi. XLII) beim $ dusky yellowish green (Ridgway, pi. XLI)].
Wir folgen der Anordnung, welche Mayr (Amer. Mus. Nov. No. 460, p. 3) vorgeschlagen hat, indem wir Halcyon murophaga als eine eigene Art aiiffassen, die keine naheren Beziehungen zu Halcyon albicilla hat. Sharpe hat von H. saurophaga nach einem Exemplar, das die Challenger-Expedition an der NW.- Spitze von Manus gesammelt hat, eine Rasse admiralitafis abgetronnt, aber die von ihm angegebenen Kennzeichen sind individueller Natur und kehren nicht wieder bei 2 Exemplaren, welche das Berliner Museum dureh Vermittlung von
|
1551. |
18. VI. |
3v |
Fl. 120 ; |
||
|
1552. |
21. VI. |
Saonek. |
<Ji- |
„ 119; |
|
|
1553. |
13. VI. |
?.• |
„ 123; |
Gew. 124 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC.\E XXXVIII. 1932. 173
Pater 0. Meyer aus Manns erhielt ; vielmehr siiid diese beiden Stiicke durchaus nicht zu unterscheiden von 3 Waigeustiicken und 4 Numforstiicken, welche Herr Stein sammelte und weiteren 4 Exemplaren des Berliner Mus. aus dem Bismarck- Archipel. Dagegen weichen 3 Exemplare aus dem Salomon-Arcliipel durch bedeutendere Fliigellange ab, wie folgende Messungen zeigen : Waigeu (^ 1 19-120, $ 123 ; Numfor cJ 125-127, ? 127 ; Manus ^ 125, ? 120 ; Crednerinsel (^ 125, $ 124,5 ; Neu-Hannover ? 119 ; Nusa (bei Neu-Irland) $ 124, dagegen Salomon- Inseln ^ 132,5; Ysabel-Insel (Salomon-Inseln) (^ 131. Wir benennen diese grosse Rasse der Salomon-Insehi :
Halcyon saurophaga cancrivora subsp. nov.
Typus : $ Ysabel-Insel, Sept. 1927, P. Drawne leg., Zool. Mus. Berlin. Nr. 28.466.
Mageninhalt : Grosse, ziemlich harte Krabben (1552), ein Fisch (Numfor 905).
Halcyon chloris chloris (Boddaert).
Gesammelt von : Barboiu'.
Im Marz 1907 sammelte Dr. Th. Barbour bei Saonek ein ^ dieser Art, das ins Museum of Compar. Zoology gelangte (Oberholser, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 55, 1919, p. 357). Man kannte Halcyon chloris bereits von Salawati.
Halcyon sancta sancta Vigors & Horsf.
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, GuiUemard. Zugvogel aus Australien.
Syma torotoro torotoro Lesson. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Beccari, GuiUemard, Stein.
1011. 13. V. Si. Fl. 79 ; Gew. 56
|
1012. |
14. V. |
<S,- |
„ 81 ; |
„ 45 |
|
1005. |
20. V. |
<Jl- |
., 79; |
„ 41 ; Fliigelmauser. |
|
1008. |
16. V. |
cJi- |
„ 79,5; |
„ 39,7 |
|
1006. |
25. V. |
3y |
., 77; |
,. 41 |
|
1004. |
23. V. |
(?!• |
„ 80; |
„ 46 |
|
1009. |
U. V. |
So- |
., 77,5; |
„ 43,5 |
|
1010. |
13. V. |
?2- |
„ 80; |
„ 51 |
|
1007. |
23. V. |
?2- |
,. 79; |
„ 46 |
|
1003. |
25. V. |
?.- |
„ 77; |
„ 45 |
|
1013. |
10. V. |
*o- |
., 79; |
,. 42,5 |
Die 99 haben den Oberkopf schwarz statt rotbraun und die Fliigeldeckfedern etwas griinlicher als die ^JcJ (nicht so blaulich). Die Ausdehung des braunen Stirnfeldes beim $ ist einer gewissen Variation unterworfen, doch nicht so viel, dass die Verhaltnisse bei tentelare Hartert erreicht werden.
Nr. 1009 ist wie ein $ gefarbt, aber die schwarze Filrbung des Oberkopfes ist nicht so weit nach dem Nacken zu ausgedehnt ; vom Sammler ist dieses Stiick als (J bezeichnet.
Mageninhalt : Kleuie Kafer (lOOh), 1 grosse Spiiuie, 1 kleine Eidechse (1007), Insekten (1003), grosse weichhautige Insekten (1013).
174 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaimard).
Dacelo gaudichavd Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. " Uranie" Zool. p. 112 (1825 — terra typica: Waigeu).
Gesainmelt von : Quoy & Gaimard, Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, GuUlemard, Stein.
1554. 11. V. (Jsj. Fl. 130 ; Gew. 152
1555. 26. V. cJi. ., 144 ; ., 140
Die BasLs der Riickenfedern ist sehr variabel, bald reinweiss — besonders cranial kann die blaue Far be fast ganz durch Weiss ersetzt werden — , bald schwarz- lich wie die Basis der Biirzelfedern. Bei den Sepikvogeln ist das Weiss sehr hervortretend (vgl. A. B. Meyer, Ibis, 1890, p. 414 : Smiroinarptis kubaryi sp. nov.).
Mageninhalt : Harte Kafer, Scheren von einer Krabbe (322), Strandkrabben (329), harte Fliigeldecken von grossen Kafern (315), kleine Krebse (59), grosse Kafer, Heuschrecken (82), 1 grosse Heuschrecke, kleine Steine (1555).
Melidora macrorhina waigiuensis Hart.
Melidora macrorhina waigiuensis Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxxvi, p. 99 (1930 — Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Bruijn, Beccari, Guillemard, Stein.
|
1556. |
7. VI. |
* 0 2- |
Fl. 128,5 ; |
Gew. 137 |
|
1560. |
18. V. |
^1- |
.. 124; |
., 123 |
|
1558. |
9. VI. |
Sv |
„ 124,5; |
„ 122,2 |
|
1559. |
13. V. |
<?»• |
.. 124,5; |
„ 115 |
|
1557. |
7. VI. |
n |
„ 128; |
„ 130 |
Wie von Hartert angegeben, unterscheidet sich die Form von Waigeu durch bedeutendere Fliigellange von M. m. macrorhina und M. m. jobiensis, wenn auch der Unterschied nicht sehr gross zu sein schetnt. Wir massen bei der obigen Serie : (J (J Fl. 124^124,5^-128,5 ; $ 128 mm. Bei 3 M. m. jobiensis von Jobi massen wir : cJ 115, $$ 122,5-126 mm. Auch der Schnabel ist etwas grosser als bei jobiensis ; ferner sind bei den $$ von waigiuensis die griinblauen Saume, welche bei macrorhina deutUch hervortreten, schwach angedeutet wie bei jobiensis.
Mageninhalt : Eine riesige Larve, eine ziemlich harte Krabbe (1560), Tausendfiissler mit harten Chitinringen (1558), Heuschrecken, Schalenreste von Schnecken (1559), 1 grosser Tausendfiissler mit sehr hartem Chitinskelett, 1 Heuschrecke (Jobi 343), Heuschrecke und Kafer (Jobi 617).
Cuculus optatus Gould.
Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Wintergast aus dem palaearktischen Asien.
Cacomantis variolosus infaustus Cab. & Heine. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Stein.
1001. 11. V. Si- Fl. 115,5; Schw. 111,5
Stimmt mit Jobi- und Neuguineavogeln iiberein.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
175
Cacomantis variolosus variolosus (Vig. & Horsf.). Gesainmelt von : Stein.
1000. 16. VI. cJo- Fl- 127,5 ; Schw. 113 ; Gew. 37 ; juv.
Zugvogel aus Austr alien.
Chalcites malayanus poecilurus (Gray). Gesammelt von : Stein.
987. 27. V.
Fl. 90 ; Gew. 18,5
Dieses Exemplar stimmt in der Farbung des Schwanzes sehr gut iiberein mit der Beschreibung des von Wallace auf Misol gesammelten Typus {Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1861, p. 431), weicht dagegen von zwei Exemplaren des Berliner
'^0
ol 61 cl a2 62 c2
FiGUR 5. — 1. und 2. Steuerfeder von anssen : ol und a2, Chalcites malayanus subsp. 1 ($ Rarau, 19. IX, Tappenbeck leg. Nr. 347) ; — 61 und 62, Ch. m. malayanus (RaSieB) (^ Pasui, 600 m. S.-Celebes, 4. VI. 1930, Heinrich leg. Nr. 314) ;— cl und c2, Ch. m. poecilurus (Gray) ($ Waigeu, 27. V. 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 987). Weiss imd Schwarz in den Figuren entspricht denselben Farben bei den Federn, dicht pvuiktiert entspricht grau, weit punktiert rotbraiui.
Museums aus Deutsch-Neuguinea deutlich ab und zwar (1) duich den weit schlankeren Schnabel, der bei poecilurus wie bei malayanus gestaltet ist, wahrend er bei den Stiicken von Ramu und Sepik in der Basis wesentUch breiter ist, (2) durch die Farbung der Steuerfedern von unten (siehe Figur). Querbanderung der Unterseite so breit wie bei Neuguinea-Vogeln und breiter als bei malayanus. Ch. m. poecilurus vermittelt also in mancher Hinsicht zwischen malayanus und der Rasse von Neuguinea, deren wissenschaftliche Benennuiig noch. festzusteUen ist.
Rhamphomantis megarhynchus sanfordi Stres. & Pal.
Rhamphomaniis megarhynchus sanjordi Stresemann & Paludan, 0. M. B. Bd. 40. p. 17 (1932 —
Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Stein.
988. 24. V. $2. Fl. 985 ; Gew. 17 ; " FUsse blaugrau."
J76 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Die Originalbeschreibung lautet wie folgt :
" Der seltene, durch einen sehr langen Schnabel ausgezeichnete Kuckuck Rhaniphomantis megarhynchus (Gray) war bLsher nur von den Aru-Inseln iind von wenigen Oertlichkeiten Neuguineas bekannt. Herr Stein erbeutete ein $ ad. auf Waigeu, das von einem zum Vergleich benutzten $ vom Sepik (Dr. Biirgers leg.) und der damit im wesentlichen iibereinstimmenden Beschreibung des (von Wallace auf den Ani-Inseln gesammelten) Typus bei Salvadori, Orn. Pap. i, p. 343 sehr autfallig abweicht durch folgende Merkmale :
Vordere Half te der Unterseite in der Farbung scharf abgesetzt gegen hintere Halfte : vom Kinn bis zur Vorderbrust sind die Federn schmutzig weiss mit feiner unregelmassiger schwarzbrauner Querbiinderung und nur ganz blasser isabellfarbener Tonung ; von da ab bis zur Analgegend sind sie fast einf arbig hell rostfarben (an den Korperseiten am dunkelsten), mit wenigen schwarz- braunen Einsprengungen von Eumelanin (dagegen ist bei R. m. megarhynchus die ganze Unterseite unregelmassig schwarzbraun gebandert, und auch die vordere Halfte derselben stark rostlich isabell verwaschen). Unterschwanzdecken hell rostfarben mit breiten schwarzbraunen Querbandern. Steuerfedern etwa wie bei megarhynchus gefarbt. Unterfliigeldecken und Axillaren einfarbig rostlich (bei megarhynchus mit unregelmassigen oder unvoUstandigen schwarzbraunen Querbandern). Oberseite mit griinlich erzfarbenem (bei megarhynchus mit violett-erzfarbenem) Schiller. Em iiberm Auge beginnender SuperciUarstreifen und die untere Umrahmung des Auges schmutzig weiss (bei megarhynchus sind die entsprechenden Federn so duster wie die Ohrdecken). Oberschnabel schmaler und etwas kiirzer als bei megarhynchus und mit viel scharferem First. Fliigel 98.5 mm.
Typus: $ ad., Waigeu 24. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 988.
Verbreitung : Waigeu.
In Verehrung gewidmet Herrn Dr. L. C. Sanford, der zum Zustandekommen der Expedition Stein so wesentlich beigetragen hat."
Eudynamis scolopacea rufiventer (Lesson).
Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Guillemard erhielt von Bruijn in Ternate ein "Waigeu" etikettiertes ?, das vermutlich zu dieser Rasse gehort.
Kakatoe galerita macrolopha (Rosenb.).
Plyctolophus nmcrolophus llosenberg, Xal. Tijihchr. Xed. 1ml. Bd. x.xiii, p. 45 (1861— Mysol & Salawati). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
1664. 12. V. $1. Fl. 306 ; Gew. 525
Hierher gehoren auch zweifellos die Vogel von Numfor. Probosciger aterrimus alecto (Temm.).
PsiOacns aUcto'iemmmc\:,Bijdr. Naluurk. Welensch. Amsterdam, iii.p. 74 (1828 — Heimat unbekarmt ; terra typ. design. : Waigeu). Gesammelt von : Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Stein.
1653. 10. VI. ^t. Fl. 348 ; Schn. 89 ; Gew. 775
1654. 25. V. oi- .. 347 ; „ 96 ; ,. 775
1655. 12. V. $j. „ 339; „ 74; „ 525
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
177
Die drei Exemplare aus Waigeu siiid besonders klein, verglichen mit P. a, goliath vom Festland ; das $ hat aufifallend kleinen Schnabel.
Zum Vergleich : P. a. goliath ^ ad. ; Fliigel 392, Schnabel 1 10 mm.
Opopsitta diophthahnus diophthalmus (Homb. & Jacquinot). Gesammelt von ; Platen. Dr. Platen erbeutete von dieser Art nicht weniger als 20 Stiick !
Micropsitta keiensis chloroxantha Oberh.
Micropsitta pygmaea (Quoy & Gaimard) et auclorum, cf. Mathews, Syst. Av. Austr. i, p. 319. Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
|
1459. |
16. VI. |
cJ.. |
Fl. 63 |
Gew. 12,8 |
|
1463. |
14. VI. |
<?!• |
„ 62 |
., 12,1 |
|
1460. |
16. VI. |
<3v |
„ 57 |
„ 11,6 |
|
1465. |
16. VI. |
— |
„ 60 |
„ 12,8 |
|
1464. |
16. VI. |
$2- |
„ 58 |
„ 14 |
|
1462. |
16. VI. |
$0- |
„ 61 |
„ 11 |
Tanygnathus megalorhynchus megalorhynchus (Bodd.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstem, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1607. 9. VI. $2- Fl- 238
1605. 24. V. $2- .. 239
1608. 14. VI. ?2. ., 236
1606. 10. VI. $1- „ 237 1604. 17. V. $1. „ 245
Gew. 325 ; Iris weisslich griin, Fiisse griin.
.. 367 ; Schnabel rot, Spitze mattgelb.
325 ; Iris weisslich griin, Fiisse griin. ., 350
Alisterus amboinensis dorsalis (Quoy & Gaim.).
Psittacus (Plalycercus) dorsalis Quoy et Gaimard, Voy. Astrolabe, Zoologie, i, p. 234. Ois. pi. xxi, f. 3 (1830— Dorey).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
(J„. Fl. 194 ; Gew. 170 ; Iris goldgelb.
?. .. 196 :
1566.
1567.
25. V. 7. VI.
Gew. 170 ; „ 195
Professor Neumami sclireibt in einem Briefe, dass die Exemplare aus Waigeu einen etwas langeren Fliigel und ausgedehnteres Blau auf den oberen Fliigel- decken vorweisen (2 im Berliner Museum) ; ich finde aber bei den 2 Stiicken, die durch Stein auf Waigeu erbeutet wurden, dass diese Unterschiede nicht stichhaltig sind.
Geofb'oyus geoffroyi pucherani (Gray).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1530. |
10. V. |
C?l- |
Fl. 157 |
ad. |
|
|
1527. |
6. V. |
-5 Ol- |
,, — |
in Fliigelmauser ; ad. |
|
|
1526. |
10. V. |
Ol- |
„ 159 |
Gew. 163 ; |
Iris gelbgriin ; ad. |
|
1522. |
4. VI. |
<Ji- |
., 158 |
„ 148 ; |
juv. |
|
1528. |
12. V. |
6\. |
„ 160 |
„ 172 ; |
„ |
|
1521. |
19. V. |
<5i- |
„ 158 |
„ 147 |
,, |
|
1529. |
4. VI. |
<Ji- |
„ 146 |
., 121 |
„ Iris Weiss, Fiisse |
|
— |
10. V. |
„ 157 |
„ 160 |
||
|
1519. |
17. V. |
$i- |
„ 163 |
„ 198 |
|
|
1524. |
4. VI. |
?o- |
„ 161 |
„ 165 |
|
|
1518. |
10. V. |
?• |
„ 156 |
i „ 172 |
12
178
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Diese Lokalrasse steht G. g. jobiensis am nach.sten, unterscheidet sich aber durch das dunklere Braunrot des Biirzels, .schmalere rote Zone auf dem Vorderkopf und dunkleres Blau der Unterfliigeldecken.-
Eclectus roratus pectoralis (S. MiilL). Gesammelt von : Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1603. |
11. V. |
Sy |
Fl. 260 ; |
Gew. 425 |
|
1602. |
11. V. |
6- |
., 259; |
., 325 |
|
1601. |
18. V. |
?i- |
„ 254; |
„ — |
Loriculus aurantiifrons batavormn Stres. Gesammelt von : Stein.
1458. 16. VI. ^j. FI. 68 ; Gew. 13,5
Lorius lory major (Rothsch. & Hart.).
Loriua lory major Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. Bd. viii, p. 66 (1901 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen,
Stein.
|
1501. |
12. |
V. |
31- |
|
1494. |
10. |
V. |
Jl- |
|
1495. |
14. |
V. |
<Jl- |
|
1503. |
13. |
VI. |
$2- |
|
1523. |
15. |
V. |
?2- |
|
1502. |
1. |
VI. |
?!• |
|
1493. |
15. |
V. |
$1- |
|
1500. |
13. |
V. |
?0- |
|
1504. |
13. |
V. |
?• |
Fl.
171 ; 167; 167; 161 ; 167; 163; 162; 171; 165;
Gew. 226 203 200 202 159
177 192 185
Von dieser ganz kenntlichen Subspecies hat Herr Stein 9 Exemplare gesam- melt ; darunter 1 ^J 2 $$ juv., die mehr oder weniger blaugemischte Vorderbrust zeigen. Das $ hat dazu rote Rander der Federn des Riickens und Intersca- puliums und der oberen Deckfedern.
Eos squamata squamata (Bodd.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen.
Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (L.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1516. |
18. V. |
^2 |
Fl. 141 ; Ge |
w. 135 |
|
1508. |
11. V. |
cJi |
., 141 ; |
, 130 |
|
1515. |
12. V. |
3x |
„ 140 ; |
, 127,8 |
|
1517. |
17. V. |
^1 |
„ 135 ; |
, 105 |
|
1510. |
12. V. |
<Si |
„ 148 ; |
, 136 |
|
1511. |
14. VI. |
Si |
,,140; |
, 115 |
|
1513. |
13. V. |
5o |
„ 135 ; |
, 105 |
|
1509. |
12. V. |
? |
„ 132 ; |
, 94 |
|
1507. |
11. V. |
$2 |
„ 139 ; |
, 119 |
|
1505. |
17. V. |
?. |
., (144); , |
, 127 ; Iris hell blutrot |
|
1506. |
12. V. |
$1 |
,.144; |
, 109 |
|
1512. |
11. V. |
?0 |
„ 142 ; , |
, 115 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 179
Die Stiicke aus Waigeu scheinen ausgedehntere griine Stieifen auf der Kojjfmitte zu zeigen, sowie mehr Purpur am Hinterhals zu haben als Molukken- vogel, kommen dalier naher zu T. haematodiis intermedins, aber es gleichen unter den Vogebi von dieser Insel zu viele dem echten haematodus, als dass man sie zu intermedius stellen konnte.
Charmosynopsis placentis placentis (Temm.). Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen.
Spizaetus gumeyi (Gray). Gtesammelt von : Wallace, Platen, Stein.
2990. 17. VI. $. Fl. 570 ; Gew. 3060
Haliaetus leucogaster (Gm.).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stein.
2995. 18. VI. <So- Fl. 573 ; Gew. 2250 ; juv. 3004. 18. VI. $1- „ 577 ; „ 2850 ; ad.
Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vieillot). Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
1661. 13 VI. Si- Fl. 414
Butastur indicus Gm.
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Berliner Mus. Nr. 27649 : Waigeu 11. I. 1884. Platen leg. $ juv. Fl. 320 mm.
Waigeu liegt an der aussersten Grenze des Winter quartiers. Vgl. Hartert, Vogel palaearkt. Fauna, ii, p. 1 187. Platens Belegstiick ist ein $ im Jugendkleid.
Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot). Gesammelt von ; Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1670. 21. VI. cjj. Fl. 379
1665. 12. VI. $„. „ 385 ; Gew. 400
Mageninhalt : Krabbe, Heuschrecken (1670). 1 Fisch, Insekten (Jobi 653).
Henicopemis longicauda (Garnet). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn.
Baza subcristata reinwardti (Miill. & Schleg.). Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
1612. 11. V. $0- Fl. 306 ; Gew. 256 ; juv. Mageninhalt : Grosse Heuschrecken (1612, Jobi 301).
180 NoviTATES ZooLot;icAE XXXVIII. Ii):i2.
Accipiter novaehollandiae leucosomus (Sliarpe).
Stresemann, O. M. B. 1923, pp. 127-132.
Gesammelt von : Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
1609. 9. VI. %. P\. 244 ; juv. (pigmentierte Phase).
Ferner befinden sich im Berliner Museum 3 von Platen auf Waigeu gesam- melte Stiicke, von denen eins der weissen Mutante angehort. (Nr. 27715, $ juv. Fl. 235.— Nr. 27646, $jiiv. Fl. 231.— Nr. 27648, ^^juv. ?. wei.sse Phase, Fl. 198). Weder in Grosse noch Fiirbung lassen sich diese Exemplare von solchen aus Neuguinea unterscheiden.
Mageninhalt : Prall mit Heuschrecken gefiillt, daiunter Blattheuschrecken, die hoch in Urwaldbaumen leben (1609). Heuschrecken (Jobi 618, 608, Numfor 930, 937). 2 kleine Eidechsen, 1 kleine Schlange (Jobi 272). Grosse Heuschrek- ken. 1 Eidech.se (Jobi 241). 2 Eidechsen (Jobi 242). 1 Eidechse, 1 kleine Ratte (Jobi 271), 1 kleiner Vogel, 1 Schlange. Auf Heuschrecken machte der Vogel am Boden hiipfend Jagd (Numfor 935).
Accipiter poliocephalus Gray. Gesammelt von : Platen, Waterstradt, Stein.
1615. 14. VI. $1. Gew. 211 ; ad. Fliigelmauser " Wachshaut, Fiisse rot."
Nehrkorns Angabe, dass Platen einen Albino dieser Art auf Waigeu gesam- melt habe, ist falsch, es handelt sich um einen Accipiter novaehoUnndi(ie leucoso- mus. (Das Stiick befindet sich im Berliner Museum.)
Mageninhalt : Eidechse (1615), 1 Eidechse, Insekten (Jobi 621). 1 Schlange (Jobi 646), 1 Eidechse (Jobi 275). 1 Schlange, 1 Eidechse (Jobi 568).
Accipiter soloensis (Horsf.).
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Waigeu liegt an der Ostgrenze des Winterquartiers (Stresemann, J . J. O. 1923, p. 518).
Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothsch. & Hart. Gesammelt von : Stein.
1157. 8. VI. S%- Fl. 182; Gew. 124; Alterskleid.
Threskiomis moluccus (Cuvier). Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
1672. 11. V. (Jj. Fl. 377 ; Schw. 168 ; Gew. 1750
Ardea sumatrana Raffles. Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
1669. 20. VI. ?,. Fl. 454; Gew. 2175
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 181
Demigretta sacra sacra (Gm.). Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
1657. 11. VI. .^2. Fl. 292 ; Gew. 425 ; Graublau.
Bubulcus ibis coromandus (Bodd.V Gresammelt von : Stein.
1656. II. V. 5„. Fl. 239 ; Gew. 250 ; Jugendkleid.
Bisher aus dem papuanischen Gebiet nur aus der Gegend von Takar ostlich der Mamberanoiniindung nachgewiesen (vgl. Hartert, Vog. d. palaearkt. Fauna, ii, p. 1245).
Butorides striatus moluccanim Hartert. Gesammelt von : Platen, Stein.
1616. 7. VI. ^1. Fl. 182 ; Gew. 228
Die Masse stimmen mit denen iiberein, welche Hartert, Vogel d. palaearkt. Fauna, ii, p. 125, fiir B, s. moluccarum angibt (" wie macrorhynchus, aber kleiner, Fl. 178-182 "). In der Farbung gleicht der Waigeuvogel einem Stiick von Halmahera (Heinrich Nr. 4388) uiid vier von Stein auf Jobi und Nunifor erbeu- teten Stiicken. Unterseite und Hals .sind braunlicher als bei B. s. javanicus. Die Schnabellange ist bei beiden gleich.
Nycticorax caledonicus subsp. ? Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
1660. 14. VI. ^,. Fl. 295 ; Gew. 575 ; juv.
Die Rassenzugehorigkeit dieses jungen Stiickes lasst sich leider nicht entschei- den. tjber die Rassengliederung der Art vergl. Hartert, Nov. Zool. 1924, pp. 100-200.
Ixobrychus sinensis (Gm.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
1563. 15. V. o%- Fl. 143,5 ; Gew. 102,5
Wahrscheinlich nur Wintergast aus Ostasien.
Phalacrocorax melanoleucus (Vieill.). Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Temm.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Platen, Stein.
1138. 22. V. (Jo- Fl. 133 ; Gew. 112 ; Fliigelmauser, tellweise Ju. Kl. 11.37. 25. V. %. „ 123; „ 127
tjbereinstimraend mit Exemplaren aus verschiedenen Teilen des papua- nischen Gebietes imd von Halmahera. Zum gleichen Rassenkreis stellen wir Ptilinopus temmincki von Celebes.
juo NoVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIll. I'.KfJ.
Ptilinopus pulchellus pulchellus (Tenmi.)- Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1129. 11. V. b%- Fl. 106; Gew. 58
1127. 25. V. cj2- .. 109; ,. 72
1133. 15. V. Si- .. 106; ., 66
1135. 24. V. cJ,. „ 106; ., 65 1126. 24. V. (J,. ,. 106,5; „ 63 1132. 13. V. <J,. „ 104,5; .. 65
1134. 20. V. (Ji. „ 104; „ 70
1128. 11. V. 3i. „ 106; „ 70
1136. 13. V. ,^1. „ 93 ; ,. 45 ; juv.
1124. 25. V. $3. „ 106; „ 64 1131. 11. V. $,. „ 105; .. 75
1130. 22. V. $1. „ 105 ; „ 65
1125. 21. V. ?,. „ 100; „ 63 .,
AUe, rait Ausnahme von 1136, 1131, 112.5, stehen in Grossgefiedermanser . Mehrere Exemplare haben als hintere Begrenzung der roten Kopfplatte einen mehr oder weniger ausgepragten gelben Saum.
Ptilinopus perlatus perlatus (Temm.).
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Ein von Platen gesammeltes Stiick (ini Besitz des Braunschweiger Natur- histor. Museums) haben wir untersucht ; es weicht in der Fiirbung nicht ab von Exemplaren aus Neuguinea, ist aber etwas kleiner (Platen 22. II. 1884, Waigeu, ?, Fl. 148,5).
Ptilinopus rivolii prasinorrhous Gray.
Gesammelt von : Wallace.
Ptilinopus iozonus humeralis Wall. Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Ptilinopus pectoralis pectoralis (Wagler).
Ptilinopus rufipechis Gray, Proe. Zool. Soc. Land. 1861, p. 432 (1862— Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
FI. 114.5 ; Gew. 117 ; Fliigelmauser.
|
1118. |
13. |
V. |
0 2- |
|
1122. |
15. |
V. |
(J^. |
|
1120. |
13. |
V. |
Ol- |
|
1123. |
15. |
V. |
<J2. |
|
1119. |
1. |
VI. |
<?2. |
|
1121. |
26. |
V. |
Jo- |
|
113; |
, 120 |
|
114; |
, 98 |
|
113; |
, 102 |
|
116; |
, 169 |
|
112,5; |
, 110 |
Siehe unter Numfor {Ptilinopus musschenbroelcii).
Ptilinopus nanus minimus subsp. nova.
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Die klein.ste Art der Gattung I'tilinopus ist auf Waigeu nur von Dr. Platen gesammelt worden, der 6 Stiick erbeutete. Wir haben drei davon imtersuchen und feststellen komien, dass sie einer offenbar auf Waigeu beschrankten Zwergrasse
NOVITATES ZlJOLorUCAK XXXVIll. 1932. 183
angehoren ; wahrend Ptilinopiis nanus nanus (terra typica Lobobai) eine Fliigel- lange von 80-89 mm. hat, messen die Waigeuvogel S ^^- '^8, ,^ juv. 83, $ 78 mm. Typus im Zool. Museum Berlin Nr. 27623 : Waigeu 15. 1. 1884, Dr. Platen leg.
Megaloprepia magnifica alaris subsp. nova.
Gesammelt von ; Wallace, Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1591. 20. V. Sz- Fl. 160; Gew. 125 1590. 17. V. <^. „ 157 ; „ 158 1589. 20. V. ?,. „ 157,5 ; „ 187
Der Vergleich dieser drei Stiicke mit 2 Stiicken von der Berau-Halbinsel zeigte uns, dass erstere in folgenden Merkmalen von Megaloprepia magnifica puella abweichen : Die rostbraune Farbung an der Basis der Schwungfedern ist bei den Waigeuvogeln von viel geringerer Ausdehnung. Die Oberseite ist ein wenig gelblicher, weniger griinlich ; die Fedem der Bauchseite und besonders die Unterschwanzdecken sind griiner, weniger gelblich gefarbt.
Typus : J ad., Waigeu 20. Mai 1931, G. Stein leg. Nr. 1591.
VermutUch lebt die gleiche Rasse auf Batanta und Gemien.
Ducula myristicivora myristicivora (Scop.).
Cohtmba mi/rislicivora .Scopoli, Del. Florae el Faunae Insiihr. ii, p. 94 (1786 — ex Sonnerat ; terra
typica Gebe, of. Wichmann, Nova Guinea, i. p. 217). Carpophaga fumida Wallace, Ibis 1865, p. 382 (1865 — Waigeu).
|
Gesammelt von : |
Wallace |
!, Bern.stein, |
Guillemard, Platen, S |
|||
|
1644. |
30. V. |
Si- |
Fl. 254 ; |
Gew |
.600 |
|
|
1621. |
29. V. |
32- |
., 238; |
530 |
||
|
1646. |
29. V. |
<J2- |
„ 258; |
— |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
|
1641. |
29. V. |
62- |
„ 257; |
500 |
||
|
1642. |
14. VI. |
6^. |
„ 261; |
550 |
||
|
1623. |
29. V. |
$2- |
„ 250; |
565 |
||
|
1643. |
13. VI. |
?.. |
„ 244; |
550 |
||
|
1422. |
30. V. |
$1. |
„ 249; |
575 |
„ |
|
|
1645. |
29. V. |
$0- |
„ 244; |
475 |
„ |
Die Systematik der Duculaformen, welche ahnlich gefarbt sind wie Ducula myristicivora, bereitet grosse Schwierigkeiten. Dass das Vorhandensein eines Hockers an der Basis des Oberschnabels kein Gattungsmerkmal (" Globicera ") ist, haben schon Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. Bd. viii, 1901, p. Ill, hervor- gehoben ; ja, wir vermogen in diesem CharakterLstikum nicht einmal ein Artkenn- zeichen zu erblicken und tragen kein Bedenken, Formen mit und solche ohne Schnabelhocker in demselben Rassenki-eis zu vereinigen. Es ist unseres Erach- tens kein Zweifel moglich, dass Dxicula myristicivora auf den nordlichen Inseln der Geelvink-Bai durch Ducula geelvinkiana geographisch vertreten wird. Ducula myristicivora steht ferner der allerdings weit grosseren Ducula conciniia (Wall.) sehr nahe, welche im papuanischen Gebiet auf Pulu Babi in der Arugruppe gesammelt worden ist. Im ostlichen Teil von Neuguinea gestaltet sich die Frage nach der Ausdehnung des Artenkreises insofern sehr schwierig, als dort zwei einander sehr ahnliche Arten angetroffen worden sind, die beide wohl mit gleichem Recht als geogra])hische Vertreter der Gruppe Ducula myristicivora betrachtet werden konnen, niimlich (1) Ducula pacifica (Gm.), welche durch Salvador! von der Insel Tarawai angefiihrt worden ist, (2) Ducula rhodinolaema (Sclater),
184 NOVITATES ZOOLOGUAK XXXVIII. 1932.
welche man von der Kiiste der Astrolabebai kennt (vgl. Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturg., 89, 1923, A. 8, p. 76). Wir verzichten daranf, den Versuch zu machen, den Artenkreis iiber das we.stliche Neuguinea hinaus zu veifolgen, und mochten hier nur folgende Gliederung vorschlagen.
1. Ducula myristicivora myristicivora (Scop.).
Verbreitung : Sorong, Misol, Salawati, Batanta, Waigeu, Gemien, Gagie, Gebe.
2. Dncula myristicivora geelvinkiana (Sclat.).
Von D. m. myristicivora unterscheidet diese Rasse sich folgendermassen : ohne Schnabelhocker ; Brust, Kehle, Kopf und Nacken duiikler grau, sodass die weisse Stirn mehr hervor tritt. Nacken ohne rosige Tonung, im iibrigen der Oberseite gleich gefarbt. Bauch und Hinterbrust kraftiger weuifarbig ; Unter- schwanzdecken etwas dunkler kastanienbraun.
Verbreitung : Miosnom, Numfor, Biak.
Ducula concinna ist in Farbung und Grosse so verschieden von beiden, dass ■wir sie nur zum selben Artenkreis, aber nicht zum gleichen RassenkreLs rechnen wollen. Sie vertritt Dvcula myristicivora auf folgenden Insehi : Aru-Inseln, Pulu Babi, Kei-Inseln.
Allen drei behandelten Formen ist gemeinsani, dass sie vorwiegend an der Kiiste kleiner Inseln leben und die grossen Inseln meiden.
Ducula ruflgaster rufigaster (Quoy & Gaim.). Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1613. 20. V. <J,. Fl. 180; Gew. 350 1639. 13. V. o"3- ,. 19* ; ,, 400
Ducula pinon pinon (Quoy & Gaim.).
Columha pirwn Quoy et Gaimard. Voy. " Uraiiie " et " Phys." Zool. p. 118 (182.5 — Kavak '). ' I.e. p. 28, " tout pres [Waigeu], dans la jolie petite bale de I'Ue Rawak. . . ."
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, GuiUemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1632. |
11. V. |
Si- |
Fl. 262,5 ; Gew. 750 |
|
1640. |
11. V. |
Vi- |
„ 262,5; „ 775 |
Die beiden von Stein gesammelten Stiicke weichen auf den ersten Blick von Neuguinea-Exemplaren ab durch sehr intensive Kastanienfarbe, die sich vom Bauch bis zur Kropfregion hinaufdehnt und auch die Vorderbrust, die sonst fast grau erscheint, kraftig tiint. Sie unterscheiden sich ferner von anderen Exem- plaren dieser Rasse durch viel schwarzUchere, weniger graue Farbe des Biirzels und der Oberschwanzdecken, der Unterfliigeldecken, AxiUaren und der Unter- seite der Schwingen. Die Handschwmgen sind an der Innenseite schwarz mit einer breiten grauen Spitze. Bei naherer Untersuchung ergab sich, dass die aufialligen Unterschiede lediglich hervorgerufen worden sind dadurch, dass die Federn mit einer diinnen Fettschicht iiberzogen sind ; sie sind wahrscheinlich mit Benzin gewaschen, in dem etwas Fett gelost war, oder aber das Hautfett ist postmortal in die Federn eingezogen. Werden Taubenfedern fcttig, so konimt die optische Wirkung der feinen Hornschiippchen, die als Puder aUe Strahleu bedecken, nicht mehr zur Geltimg.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 185
Myristicivora bicolor (Scop.).
Coluinba himlor Scopoli. Del. Flor. el Faun. Insubr. ii, p. 94 (ex Sonnerat ; terra typica Gebe ; cf.
Wichmann, Nona. Guinea, i. p. 217). Salvador!. Ihis, 1886, p. 153.
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Von Nehrkorn falschlich als Myristicivora melanura bestimmt (vgl. Salva- dor! I.e.).
Columba vitiensis halmaheira (Bonap.). Gesammelt von : Wallace.
Reinwardtoena reinwardti griseotincta Hart. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen, Stein. 1614. 16. VI. 2;. Fl. 235
Mageninhalt : Harte Kerne (1614). Viele Steinchen imrl harte Samen (Jobi 261). Fruchtfleisch und kleine Kerne (Jobi 487).
Macropygia amboinensis doreya Bonap. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Platen, Stein.
1569. 27. V. cJ.. Fl. 164,5 ; Gew. 131
1570. 3. VI. ^1. „ 165,5; „ 115 ; FlUgelmauser.
Die beiden j'rj von Waigeu lassen sich von solchen aus dem Arfakgebirge nicht unterscheiden. Wir haben Exemplare dieser Rasse vor uns von Waigeu, Manokwari und dem Arfakgebirge. Sie scheint nach der Literatur den ganzen Vogelkopf und ausser Waigeu auch noch Misol, Kofiao, Salawati und Batanta zu bewohnen. Hiervon unterscheidet sich sehr deutlich die Rasse M. a. kerstingi Reichenow und zwar dadurch, dass den Federn von Kehle und Brust beim Mannchen die schwarze Querbanderung vollig oder nahezu fehlt. Diese Rasse lebt auf Jobi sowie an der Nordkiiste von Neuguinea, vom Mamberano ostwarts bis zuni Saruwagedgebirge, und wird weiter im Osten durch eine Rasse abgelost, die M. a. cinereiceps sehr ahnlich ist (vgl. Mayr, Mitteil. des Zool. Mus. Berlin Bd. 17, 1931, p. 707). Auf die Insel Numfor beschrankt ist die Rasse vmforensis Salvadori. Ihre Unterseite ist im mannlichen Geschlecht wie bei doreya schwarz gebandert, aber die Unterschwanzdecken sind ebenso wie die Analgegend heller, der Oberkopf grauer, nicht so braun.
Mageninhalt : Harte Samen und Steinchen (1569), hartholzige Fruchtschalen und Kerne (1570), Magen leer (Jobi 361).
Gallicolumba rufigula mfigula (Jacq. & Puch.). Gesammelt von : Bernstein.
Chalcophaps stephani stephani Reichenbach. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Platen, Stem.
1588. l.VI. Ji- Fl. 144 ; Gew. 129 ; FlUgelmauser.
186
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAK XXXVIII. IHIlL'
Henicophaps albifrons albifrons Gray.
Henicophaps albifrons Graj', Proc. Zool. Soc. Lotid. 1861, p. 432. pi. 44 (1862 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bernstein, Bruijn, Guillemard, Platen, Stein.
1611. 9. VI. o'l- VI. 194 Mageninhalt : Samen und Steinchen.
Goura cristata minor Schlegel.
Qoura coronata tninor Schlegel, De Dierentuin. p. 208 (1864 — " Papoesehe eilanden " = Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : La BLUardiere, Lesson, Wallace, Bernstein, Beccari, Gxiillemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1668. |
10. |
VI. |
<J. |
Fl. 350 |
Gew. 1875 |
|
1671. |
25. |
V. |
(J. |
„ 365 |
„ 2410 |
|
1674. |
25. |
V. |
s. |
„ 345 |
„ 1675 |
|
1667. |
27. |
V. |
?• |
„ 344 |
„ 1850 |
|
1666. |
25. |
V. |
?. |
„ 333 |
„ 1875 |
|
1659. |
10. |
VI. |
?. |
„ 318 |
— |
|
1673. |
13. |
V. |
?. |
„ 333 |
„ 2000 |
|
1662. |
22. |
V. |
9_ |
„ 323 |
— |
Wir konnen die Angaben Schlegels und Salvadoris, dass sich Exemplare von Waigeu durch geringere Grosse von solchen unterscheiden, die auf der Berau- Halbinsel gesammelt worden sind, durchaus bestatigen und wenden daher auf die ersteren den Rassennamen minor an. Die Waigeu-Rasse scheint auch die Insel Batanta zu bewohnen, Als terra typica von Columba cristata Pallas fixieren wir Fak-fak (auf der Onin-Halbinsel).
Mageninhalt : Grobkornige Masse ; Steine, glasige Samen in Stiicken.
Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L,). ■ Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Guillemard.
Tadoma radjah radjah (Garnot). Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Stiltia Isabella (Vieillot).
Gesammelt von : Wallace. Zugvogel aus AustraUen.
Esacus magnirostris (Vieillot). *
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Platen. Brutvogel.
Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm.
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Platen, Guillemard. Zugvogel aus Ostasien.
Charadrius leschenaulti Less.
Gesammelt von : Platen, tiuiUeniard. Zugvogel aus dem palaearktischen Gebiet.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 1S7
Charadrius mongolus mongolus (Pall.).
Gesammelt von : Platen.
Zugvogel aus dem palaearktischen Gebiet.
Actitis hypoleucos (L.). Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Guillemard, Platen. Zugvogel aus dem palaearktischen Gebiet.
Tringa glareola (L.). Gesammelt von : Guillemard. Zugvogel aus dem palaearktischen Gebiet.
Tringa incana brevipes (Vieillot). Gesammelt von : Bernstem, Guillemard. Zugvogel aus Nordostsibirien.
Calidris acuminata (Horsf.).
Gesammelt von : Guillemard. Zugvogel aus Nordostsibirien.
Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.).
Gesammelt von : Bern.stein, Beccari, Platen. Zugvogel aus Ostsibirien.
Sterna bergii cristata Stephens. Gesammelt von : Wallace, Bruijn, Platen, Stein.
1658. 21. VI. (J2. Fl. 343 Reines Brutkleid ohne weissen Federn m der schwarzen Kopfplatte.
Eulabeomis tricolor tricolor (Gray).
Rallirm tricolor G. R. Gray, Proc. Zool. iSoc London, p. 188 (1858 — Aru Islands).
Gesammelt von : Bernstein, Platen, Stein.
1561. 20. V. $j. Fl. 154 ; Gew. 239
Das einzige von Stein gesammelte Stiick, ein $, ist ungewohnUoh stark gestreift auf dem Bauche. " Nest mit 3 weissen Eiern " '. \ \ Stiicke, die in der Gefangenschaft gelegt wurden, sind gefleckt.
Megapodius freycinet freycinet Quoy & Gaim.
Megapodius freycinet Gaiinard. Fernssac Bidl. vol. ii, p. 451 (1823 — Waigeu).
Gesammelt von : Quoy & Gaimard, Lesson, Beccari, Bruijn, GuiUemard, Platen, Stein.
|
1649. |
26. V. |
^1- |
Fl. 233 |
Gew. 700 |
|
1647. |
3. VI. |
(Ji- |
„ 238 |
„ 610 |
|
16.50. |
2. VI. |
<?.. |
„ 235 |
„ — |
|
1651. |
15. V. |
C^l- |
., 2.33 |
,, 6110 |
|
1652. |
10. VI. |
?2. |
„ 232 |
., 610 |
|
1648. |
25. V. |
n |
„ 222 |
.. 670 |
Ganz mit einer Serie von Halmahera iibereinstimmend.
188 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1032.
Aepypodius bruijnii (Oust.).
Talegallus Kruijiiii Oustalet, Comp. Rend. Acad. Sc. Paris, vol. xc, p. 906 (18811 —Waigcu) ; Oustalet, Annates de.s Sciences Nalurelles, 6. Serie, Bd. 11, 1881, pp. 38-tO (Mit Abbildung).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Diesen interessanten Vogel. einen der merkwiirdigsten Endemismen von Waigeu, hat Herr Stein trotz aller Bemiihungen nicht in seinen Besitz bringen konnen. Die Eingeborenen kannten kein anderes Grossfusshuhn als Megapoditts freycinet. Es sind nur Exemplare dieser Art bekannt, die von Bruijn's Sammlern erbeutet wiirden. namlich 2 Exemplare : 1 ad. und 1 juv. im Pariser Museum, 1 ad. im Mus. Turati (vgl. Salvadori, Orn. Pap. iii, p. 253), mid 7 Exemplare im Tring-Museum.
n. DIE VOGEL VON NUMFOR.
Beaebeitet von lord ROTHSCHILD (P.sittaci), ERWIN STRESEMANN TTND KNUD PALUDAN (Einleituno und die ubrigen Gruppen).
EINLEITUNG.
Die kleine Insel Numfor oder Mafor ragt auf steiiem Sockel aus der tJeel- vinkbai auf. Von der Berau-Halbinsel wird sie durch eine breite Rinne getrennt, die iiber 1000 m. tief ist ; und auf den anderen Seiten, gegen Biak und Miosnom bin, fallt der Sockel bis zu iiber 500 m. Tiefe ab. Dass die insulare Selbstandigkeit Numfors von hohem Alter ist, wird durch die Vogelwelt bezeugt, welche sich z\Aar im wesentlichen von derjenigen Neuguineas ableiten lasst, jedoch eine weit nahere Verwandtschaft zu der Vogelwelt der Schouteninsehi (Biak und Supiori) bekundet, die wir hier dem neueren Sprachgebrauch folgend kurz aLs Biak bezeichnen wollen. Wie gross die avifaunistische Ubereinstimmung zwischen Numfor und Biak ist, geht aus der vergleichenden Ubersioht hervor, die wir wei- terin folgen lassen wollen. Es ist dabei noch zu bemerken, dass sie sich viel- leicht als noch grosser herausstellt, wenn erst einmal Biak so gut durchforscht sein wird, wie das jetzt fiir Numfor der Fall zu sein scheint.
ERFORSCHITNGSGESCHICHTE .
V. Rosenberg (1869). Die eigenartige Vogelwelt von Numfor blieb viillig unbekannt. bis der in hollandischen Kolonialdiensten stehende Deutsche Hermaim von Rosenberg auf einer Forschungsreise nach den Inseln der Geelvinkbai einen Aufenthalt von 6 Wochen (19. Januar bis 2. Marz 1869) auf Numfor nahm. Er sammelte eine Anzahl von Vogeln und sandte sie an Hermann Schlegel nach Leiden, der aus dieser Ausbeiite einige prachtvolle Novitaten beschrieb, namlich Pitta nomeguineae mafoorana, Tanysiptera carolinae, Nasiterna pygniaea geel- vinkiana. Ptilopus speciosu.s, PtilopHS mvsschenhroeHi und Carpophaga geelvin- kiana (H. von Rosenberg, der Malayische Archipel, Leipzig, 1878, pp. 494-500).
Meyer (1873). Wenige Jahre spater erhielt die Insel einen kurzen Besuch von dem deutschen Zoologen Dr. Adolf Bernhard Meyer, dem nachmaligen Direktor des Zoologischen Museums m Dresden. Sein Schoner lag zwar nur 3 Tage (19.-22. Marz) 1873 vor der Insel Manem (dicht vor Numfor) vor Anker
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 189
und seine Jager sammelten nur 2 Tage lang auf Numfor selbst,' aber wahrend dieser wenigen Tage entdeckten sie einige der merkwiirdigsten Endemismen der Insel, die Meyer bald danach selbst beschrieben hat, wie Myiagra atra, Phyllo- scopus mafm-ensis, Cinnyris sericeus rnaforensis und Coracina lineata maforensis.
Beccari (1875). Nur 2 Jahr danach landete Odoardo Beccari auf Numfor, um zoologisch zu sanimehi. Sein Aufenthalt, wahrend dessen auch die Insel Manem besucht wurde, wahrte vom 26. Mai bis 1. Juni (Beccari, Nuova Guinea, Selebes e Molucche ; Firenze 1924). Aus seiner Ausbeute beschrieb Salvadori Macro'pygia amboinensis maforensis, Dicaeum geelvinkianum maforense und Edolisoma morio neglecium.
Doherty (1897). Im Auftrage des Tring-Museums legte William Doherty im Mai und Juni 1897 erne Sammlung von (leider unansehnlichen) Vogelbalgen auf Numfor an.
Stein (1931). Herr Georg Stem xmternahm es auf eigenen Antrieb, der Insel von 10. bis 25. April einen Besuch abzustatten. Er hat dort, wie es seine Art ist, ausserst intensiv gesammelt und nicht allein die meisten der von Numfor bereits bekannten Arten in wunderschonen Balgen eingesandt, sondern die Liste der Numforvogel um mehrere Arten bereichert. namlich :
Corvus coronoides orru Bp.
Aplonis metallicus inornatus (Salvad.).
Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).
Collocalia vanicorensis steini Stres. & Pal.
Oeoffroyus geoffroyi subsp. ?
Butorides striatus moluccarum Hart.
Phalacrocorax melanoleucus (Vieill.).
Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Temm.).
BERICHT DER EXPEDITION STEIN.
Auf der Riickfahrt von Japan nach Manokwari hatten wir Gelegenheit, in Numfor an Land zu gehen, wo wir schon bei diesem sehr fliichtigen Aufenthalt eine kleine Micropsitia {geelvinkiana) und die auffallende Tanysiptera carciinae sahen. Als dann der hollandische Beamte in Manokwari zu einer Inspektionsreiae nach Numfor fulir, woUten wir diese giinstige und billige Gelegenheit nicht voriibergehen lassen und schlossen uns kurzerhand an. Die kleine Insel Numfor besteht ganz aus Korallenkalk, ist ohne Erhebungen und bis auf die Umgebung der Papuadorfer ganz mit primarem Urwald bestanden. Ninnfor gilt als Hoch- burg der christlichen Mission ; wir haben Eingeborene von einer derartigen Indolenz wie die Numforleute auch nie wieder getroffen. Es gelang mir iiber- haupt nicht einen Eingeborenen zu finden, der Lust hatte fiir mich Vogel zu jagen, ganz abgesehen von der Fahigkeit. Wir waren vom n.-27. IV. 1931 auf Numfor und mussten uns in Anbetracht der kurzen Zeit darauf beschranken, in der Umgebung des Kampongs Namber zu sammeln. Sehr auffallend war bei den meisten Vogel-Arten der Reichtum an Individuen im Gegensatz zu der geringen Artenzahl, die die Insel beherbergt. Taglich ^vlu•den Scharen von Eos cyanogenia und Macruropsar getrofien. Die schone Tanysiptera carolinae
^ A. B. Meyer, Auszuge aus den auf einer Neu-Guinea-Reise im Jahre 1873 gefiihrten Tagebilohern. 2°. Dresden, 1875. Kritik seiner Angaben bei A. Wichmann, Xova Ouinea, ii. 1910, p. 167.
190
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
ware in beinahe unbegrenzten Serien zu sammeln gewesen, Phylloscopus, Myiagra, die grosser! Fnichttauhen waren gleichfalls .sehr haufig. Nur einmal, bei uiiserem ersten Aufenthalt auf der Insel, wo ioh ohne Flinte war, wurde ein grosser Centrop'us beobachtet, voii dem es offen bleiben muss, ob er zu chalybeun gebort.
Corvidae Sturnidae
Dicruridae Meliphagidae Zosteropidae Nectariruidae
Dicaeidae Laniidae
Muscicapidae
Campophagidae
Pittidae MacrocMres
Podargi Caprimulgi Striges Halcyones
Cuculi
Psittaci
VERZEICHNIS DER BRUTVOGEL.
Corvus coronoides Aplonis metallicus Macruropsar magnus Dicrurus bracteatus Myzomela simplex Zosterops mysorensis Cimiyris jugularis Cinnyris sericea Dicaeum geelvinkianum Cracticus cassicus Myiolestes megarhynchus Pachycephala phaeonota Monarcha cinerascens Monarcha alecto Monarcha brehmi Monarcha chrysomela Rliipidura leucophrys Rhipidura rufiventris Myiagra atra Phylloscopus Gerygone hypoxantha Todopsis cyanocephalus Coracina lineata Edolisoma morio Lalage atrovirens Pitta sordida Hemiprocne mystacea Collocalia esculenta Collocalia vanicorensis Podargus papuensis Caprimulgus macrurus Otus beccarii Alcyone azurea Tanysiptera Halcyon saurophaga Cacomantis variolosus Chalcites malayanus Centropus chalybeus Cacatua galerita Micropsitta geelvuikiana Ecleotus roratus
|
Numfor. |
Biak. |
|
orru |
orru |
|
inornatus |
inornatus |
|
brevicauda carbonarius |
magnus carbonarius |
|
— |
rubrobrunnea |
|
frenata |
mysorensis frenata |
|
maforensis maforense |
mysorensis mysoriense |
|
cassicus |
cassicus |
|
phaeonota steini chalybeoceph. |
melanorhynchus geelvinkiana ? chalybeoceph. brehmi |
|
— |
kordensis |
|
melaleuca |
melaleuca |
|
— |
kordensis |
|
atra |
atra |
|
maforensis |
mLsoriensLS |
|
— |
hypoxantha |
|
maforensis |
mysorensis |
|
neglectum mafoorana |
meyeri leucoptera rosenbergi |
|
mystacea spilura |
mystacea spilura |
|
stemi |
— |
|
papuensis |
subsp. ? beccarii |
|
lessoni |
lessoni |
|
carolinae |
riedelii |
|
saurophaga obscuratus |
saurophaga subsp. ? |
|
? |
mysoriensis chalybeus |
|
triton |
triton |
|
geelvinkiana maforensis |
mysoriensis biaki |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
191
Psittaci
Accipitres
Gressores
Steganopodes Columbae
Limicolae Galli
GeofEroyus geoffroyi Lorius lory Eos cyanogenia Trichoglos.sus haematodus Pandion haliaetus Haiiastur indus Henicopernis longicauda Baza subcristata Accipiter novaehollandiae Nycticorax caledonicus Egretta intermedia Butorides striatus Ardea sumatrana Phalacrocorax melanoleuc. Ptilinopus superbus PtiUnopus rivolii PtUinopus speciosus Ptilinopus musschenbroekii PtUinopus pectoralis Ducula myristicivora Macropygia amboinensis Reinwardtoena reinwardti Myristicivora spUorrhoa Goura victoria Caloenas nicobarica Chalcophaps indica Esacus magnirostris Megapodius freycinet Talegallus jobiensis
Niimfor. mysoriensis (?)
cyanogenia haematodus cristatus girrenera
leucosomus subsp. ? plumifera moluccarum
melanoleuc.
superbus
prasinorrbous
speciosus
musschenbr.
subsp. ?
geelvinkiana
maforensis
nicobarica minima
geelvinkianus
Biak. mysoriensis cyanauchen cyanogenia rosenbergii
girrenera longicauda reinwardtu mysoriensis subsp. ?
sumatrana
speciosus musschenbr.
geelvinkiana subsp. ? minor spUorrhoa victoria nicobarica minima magnirostris geelvinkianus jobiensis
ZUR BESIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE VON NUMFOR UND BIAK.
Die Avifauna von Numfor und Biak nimmt eine eigenartige Stellung ein. Sie zeugt dafiir, dass diese Inseln ihre Selb.standigkeit schon lange besessen batten, bevor Japen und Miosnom, Misol luid die Aru-Insebi, ja wohl sogar bevor Waigeu imd Batanta von Neuguinea losgelost wiu'den. Sie werden wohl in der Tertiarzeit mit Neuguinea voriibergehend m Landverbmdung gestanden haben, aber durchaus gewiss ist das nicht ; man kann sich auch vorstellen, dass Numfor und Biak alle Landwirbeltiere libers Meer hinweg empfingen.
Von Biak sind 57, von dem weit kleineren Numfor 48 Brutvogel bekamit geworden. Unter diesen befinden sich einige, die beiden Inseln als Endemismen gemeinsam sind und keine naheren Verwandten mehr besitzen, so :
Macruropmr marjniis, eine endemische (iattung, vielleicht ableitbar von Aplonis cantoroides. Myiagra atra, ohne niihere Verwandte.
Phyllosoopus maforensis bezw. misoriensis, entfernt verwandt der weitverbreiteten Gruppe Phylloscopits trivirgatus.
Micropsitta geelvinkiana, entfernt verwandt der Gruppe Micropsitta pusio.
Eos cyanogenia, ohne nahere Verwandte.
Ptilinopus speciosus, ein alter Spross der rii'oh'i-Gruppe.
192 No%aTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Nut auf Biak, nicht aber auf dem festlandsnaheren (freilich auch viel kleineren) Numfor lebeii ak aufEallige Endemismen :
OUi^ heccari, die einzige 0(a.s-Art des papuanisohen Gebietes, von ungeklarter Verwandtschaft.
Monarcha hrehmi, oline nahere Verwandtschaft.
Gerygone hypoxttntha, ohne nahere Verwandte.
Zosterops mysorensis, vermutlich in die Verwandtschaft von Zosterops fii.vkapilla und Zosterops deliratiila gehorig.
Myzmnela ruhrohriinnea. sehr ilhnlich der nordmolukkischen Myzmnela simple.): und vermutlich rait dieser nahe verwandt.
Numfor ist nicht in entsprechender Weise ausgezeicknet, es sei denn durch Tanysiptera carolinae, die sich als ein stark modifizierter Abkommling der Gruppe Tanyniptera hydrocharis zu erkennen gibt und auf Biak durch die (weit weniger eigenartige) Tanysiptera hydrocharis riedelii vertreten wird.
Einige Arten, die im Tiefland Nord-Neuguineas verbreitet sind, werden (meist ill endemischen Rassen) auf Biak, nicht aber auf Numfor angetrofEen :
Rhipidura rufiventris (hjrdensis). Todopsis cyanocepkalus (mysorensis). Myiolestes Diegarhynchus {mejaiiorhynchus), ilonarcha chrysomela (kordensis). Lalage atrovirens (leumptera). Lorius lory {cyanouchen). Reinwardloeiia reinuurdti (minor). Goura rictoria (victoria). Talegalliis jobiemis (jobiensis).
Von diesen mogen Rhipidura, Myiolestes, Lorius, Eeinwardtoena, Goura und Talegallus iiber Japan auf Biak eingewandert sein, denn diese Arten gehoren auch der Japen-Fauna an. Einen anderen Weg miissen zumindest Todopsis, Monarcha und Lalage gewahlt haben, denn sie kommen auf Japen nicht vor. Vermutlich haben sie eine Landbriicke benutzt, welche Biak mit der Gegend der Mamberanomiindmig verband, und als deren Reste die Padaido-Inseki (= Ver- rater-Inseln) aus emer ziemlich flachen Schelfsee aufragen.
Wie Biak euiige papuanische Rassenkreise vor Numfor voraushat, so sind auch einige papuanische Arten nur nach Numfor, aber nicht nach Biak gelangt :
Coracina lineata (majorensin). Podargus papuefisis (papuensid). Ptilinopits superbus (superhits).
Diese 3 Arten diirften Numfor direkt von Neuguinea aus, vielleicht iibers Meer hinweg, erreicht haben.
Die Ablosung Numfors von Biak datiert vermutlich weit zuriick. Gegen diese Annahme lassen sich alle jene Falle, in denen die Biakrasse mit der Num- forrasse noch voUig iibereinstimmt (vgl. die Tabelle auf Seite 190), nicht ins Feld fiihren, denn fiir viele Vogelarten bedeuten Meeresschranken kein Ausbreitungs- liindernis. Von theoretischer Wichtigkeit dagegen ist das Vikartieren von Rassen oder gar Arten auf Numfor und Biak wie :
Phylloscopus maforensis — PhyUoscopus misoriensis.
Tanysiptera carolinae — Tanysiptera hydrocharis. Cinnyris sericea maforensis — mysoriensis. Dicaeiim geelvinkianum maforense — mysoriense.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 193
Zuweilen steht die Biak-Rasse, meist aber steht die Numfor-Rasse derjeiiigen von Neuguinea morphologisch naher, sofern sich eine Entsclieidung in dieser Hinsicht iiberhaupt treffen lasst. Die Biakrasse ist der letzteren ahnlicher bei : Tanysiptera. Die Numforrasse ist der letzteren ahnlicher bei : Accipiter tiovae- hollandiae, Trichoglossus, Edectus.
Wenn auch die nieisten Arten, die auf Biak und Numfor vorkommen, sich von solchen ableiten lassen, die noch heute an den Gestaden der Geelvinkbai wohnen, so gilt das doch durchaus nicht fiir alle, und dieses " Fremdelement " in der Avifauna der beiden Insehi muss eingewandert sein, als die Kiistenlinie von Neuguinea einen wesentlich anderen Verlauf hatte als heute. Beispiele :
Chalcophaps indica minima ist am nachsten verwandt der Chalcophaps indiai indica, die von Westen her nur bis an den Westrand der westlichen papua- nischen Inseln, namlich bis Gebe und Kofiao, verbreitet ist.
Ducula myristicivora (auf Biak und Numfor in der scharf differenzierten Rasse geelvinkiana lebend) konimt nirgends an den Ufern der Geelvmkbai oder an der Nordkiiste des Vogelkopfes vor, sondern findet sich erst wieder auf den westlichen papuanischen Inseln, angefangen mit Waigeu. Eine ganz ahnliche Verbreitung wie diese grosse Fruchttaube hat Megapodius freycinet.
Myzomela rubrobrunnea ist keiner anderen 31 yzoinela- Art so ahnlich wie der Myzomela simplex, einer Bewohnerin der Nord-Molukken.
Pacliycephala phaeonota bewohnt im papuanischen Gebiet ausser Numfor nur noch die westlichen papuanischen Inseln (Waigeu, Misol, Salawati).
Otus beccarii, eine Ohreule von Biak, die bisher nur nach dem Typus bekannt ist, ist im ganzen papuanischen Gebiet die einzige Vertreterin der Gattung Otits. Olu.s-Aiten leben erst wieder auf den Molukken, eine aberrante Art auch auf den Palau-Insehi.
Die Gattung 3Iyiagra, auf Biak und Numfor durch M. atra vertreten, fehlt der ganzen Nordkiiste von Neuguinea und ebenso den westlichen papuanischen Inseln, findet sich dagegen auf den Nordmolukken.
Fassen wir zusammen :
Die Inseln Biak und Numfor besitzen unter ihrer Avifauna sehr altertiimUche Elemente. TeUweise haben diese ihre nachsten Verwandten gegenwartig in sehr weit abgelegenen Gebieten, z. B. auf den Nord-Molukken. Biak hat spater einen Zustrom von Osten her, iiber die Padaido -Inseln hinweg, vielleicht auch von Japen her empfangen ; Numfor ist vermutlich mehrfach von der Nordwestkiiste der Geelvinkbai und von Miosnom her, vielleicht iibers Meer hinweg, besiedelt worden. Ein zeitweiser Zusammenhang von Biak und Numfor ist wahrschein- lich, wenn auch die gegenwartige weitgehende tjbereinstimmung m der Avifainia beider Inseln mit der Annahme eines iiber Meeresschranken hinweg erfolgten Formenaustausches erklart werden konnte.
SYSTEMATISCHER TEIL Corvus coronoides orru Bonap. Gesammelt von : Stein.
949. 23. IV. ?„. Fl. 304 ; Schw. 166 ; Gew. 450 ; Ju. KJ.
Diese Krahe war bisher von den Inseln der Geelvink-Bai noch nicht bekannt. Herr Stein sammelte sie nicht nur auf Numfor, sondern auch auf Japen. 13
194 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Aplonis metallicus inomatus (Salvad.).
Calornis innnutta Salvadori, Ann. Mns. ('ii: Gen. vol. xw'\. p. 194 (1880 — Korido, Misori).
Gesammelt von : Stein.
865. 13. IV. o'l- Fl. 107,5 ; Schw. — Gew. 58,7 843. 12. IV. (J„. „ 100,5 ; „ 82,5 ; „ 52 899. 13. IV. $j. „ 98 : „ 80.5 ; „ 55.7
Neu fiir Numfor, da bisher nur von Biak bekannt. Sowohl Salvadoris Beschreibung wie drei zum Vergleich vorliegende Stiicke aus dem Tring Museum stimmen gut mit unseren Stiicken iiberein.
Macruropsar magnus brevicauda v. Oort.
Macruropsnr -nuif/niis hreviainda van Oort, Noi. Leyd. Mus. vol. xxx. p. 70 (1908 — Nunifor).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
SS ad. (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 108-109-113-1142-115-116-116,5-118-118,5-119-120,5-1222-123.
Schw. 142-147-148-1493-1582-158,5-162-1702-172,5.
Gew. 83,52-842-852-88,5-89-9P-952-1002. $? ad. (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 108-112-113-114-114,5-115-117-119.
Schw. 132-138-140-143-145-1552.
Gew. 80-81-83-88-90-92-99-104. <J$ juv. (15.-24. IV.) Fl. 1142-114,5-116.
•Schw. 107-115-118.
Gew. 80,5-812-82. 9 ,^(J und alle $? in Flugelmauser.
Diese lange Serie bestatigt aufs baste das fiir die Rasse brevicauda van Oort angegebene Kennzeichen, namlich die im Vergleich zur Biak-Form viel geringere Schwanzlange (132-172,5 gegen 190-257 mm.).
Ju. Kl. (Stein leg. Nr. 884-886-890) : Oberseite schwarzbraim mit griinlich schimmernden Federsaumen. Der Scliimmer ist weit schwacher als beim ad. ; die Saume des Oberkopfes sind nicht so deutlich. Unterseite schwarzbraun mit besonders an der Brust schmalen schwarzen Federzentren. Schnabel scliwarz (wie beim ad.). Schwanz kurz : juv. 107-115-118 gegen ad. ,^^ 142-172,5 und ad. ?? 132-155 mm.
" Urwaldstar, sehr haufig. Iris nicht rot, sondern hellbraun. Nester ein grosser Klumpen hoch auf Baumen aus Reisern, Gras etc. Briitet anscheinend in mehrerer Paaren m emem Nest (3-4 Vogel an einem Nest) " (Stein).
Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius Bonap. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
|
906. |
17. IV. |
<^i- |
Fl. 146,5 ; |
Gew. 79 |
|
|
921. |
12. IV. |
cJo- |
„ 150; |
„ 87,5 ; |
Schwanzniauser. |
|
907. |
15. IV. |
?. |
„ 150,5; |
„ 80 |
|
|
922. |
16. IV. |
"<J?" |
„ 152; |
„ 84 |
|
|
910. |
14. IV. |
n |
„ 139; |
„ 64,5 ; |
II. Kleid. |
Kein Unterschied von Exemplaren aus Manokwari.
" Gesang ausserordentlich abwechslungsreich mit vielen krachzenden, pfeifenden Lauten ; wahrscheinlich Spotter " (Stein).
NoviTATES Zoological XXXVIII. 1932. 196
Ciimyris jugularis frenata (S. Milll.). Gesammelt von : Doheity, Stein.
691. 12. IV. o*3- Fl- 55..5 ; Gew. 8
760. 21. IV. o\- .. 54;
761. 1.5. IV. ^2. „ 55; „ 9
759. 21. IV. (Ji. „ 54; „ 10,.3 ; juv. Mauser.
Verglichen mit 4 ^J^J aus Manokwari sind diese (J (J von Niimfor auf der Unterseite ein wenig kraftiger schwefelgelb gefarbt.
Cinnyris sericea maforensis (A. B. Meyer).
Chalcoatetha aspasia var. nuiforensis Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Wiis. Wien, vol. l.tx, p. 123 (1874— Numfor).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
(JcJ (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 61,.5-62^-633.
Gew. 9-102-10,I-10,5=-ll. ?? (12.-24. IV.) Fl. 55,5-562-56,5^-57.
Gew. 8-8,8-9,3-9.5-9,7-10. 3 (JcJ hatten noch einzelne erste Jahreskleidsfedern, I (J und 1 $ in Fliigelmauser.
Bei gleichem Lichteinfall schillert der Oberkopf bei C. s. maforensis goldgriin, bei sericea blaugriin. Das metallische Kehlschild reicht bei maforensis etwas welter herab als bei sericea. Beim 9 slnd die Steuerfedern oberseits schwarzblau mit olivf arbenen Saumen ; dem $ von sericea fehlt die Saumung der Steuerfedern.
Dicaeum geelvinkianum maforense Salvad.
Dicaeum maforense Salvadori. Ann. .Mii.i. Civ. Gtn. vol. vii, p. 944 (1S75 — Xumfor).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccarl, Doherty, Stein.
cJ(J ad. (11.-23. IV.) Fl. 502-51-52^-53 ; Gew. 7,2-7,3-7,5-7,7-8.
<j'juv. 23. IV. Fl. 49,5 ; Gew. 7.
?? ad. (10.-22. IV.) Fl. 45^6-47-48 ; Gew. 6,7-7,2-7,5.
$ juv. 22. IV. Fl. 48,5 ; Gew. 7,9.
Alle ad. in Fliigelmauser.
Die Rasse unterseheldet sich von den ihr nachstverwandten Rassen D. y. geelvinkianum, Jobi und D. g. misoriense, Blak durch folgende Kennzelchen : roter Brustfleck grosser, Oberschwanzdecken braunllch rot statt leuchtend rot.
Das Welbchen hat im Gegensatz zum Mamichen den Oberkopf nur sehr wenig bramirot gefarbt.
" Nahrung hauptsachlich Loranthus-Friichte, jedoch auch klelne saftige Beeren. Jmige werden mit Insekten aufgezogen, Lockruf unbedeutend zip-zip."
Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
939. 23. IV. (Jj. Fl. 171 ; Gew. 162
Pachycephala phaeonota (S. Miill.).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccarl.
Als Bewohnerin ganz klelner Inselchen (slehe unter Walgeu) scheint diese Art nicht auf Mafor selbst, sondern nur auf der vorgelagerten Insel Pulu Manin vorzukommen, wo Beccari 6 Stiick sammeln koimte. Zwei davon betinden .sich im BerUner Museum : Nr. 26667, 30. V. 1875, <J Fl. 86 und Nr. 26666, 26. V. 1875, ? Fl. 82 mm.
196 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Monai'cha cinerascens steini subsp. nova. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
819. 15. IV. ^„. Fl. 88
809. 25. IV. $„. „ 80; Gew. 21,5
Rothschild & Hartert haben die von Doherty auf Numfor gesammelten Stiicke als AI. c. geelvinkiana bestimmt, ohne sie mit den Typen verglichen zu haben. Diese sind iin.s durch die Freundlichkeit von Dr. Meise zugangHch gemacht worden, und es stellte sich heraus, dass der Numfoivogel von der auf Jobi und Korido beschrankten Rasse M. c. geelvinkiami ausserordentlich deut- lich abweicht, denn er ist in der gi-auen Tonung sehr viel heller und in den rotfarbenen Tonen dunkler. Unter alien bekannten Rassen von M . cinerascens ist die Numforform am ahnlichsten der Rasse M. c. cinerascens von den Key- und Siidwestinseln. Von dieser unterscheidet sie sich dadurch, dass die graue Tonung besonders an Kehl-, Kopf- imd Brustseiten noch heller, fast sUbergiau ist. Keine andere Rasse ist in dieser Region so hell gefarbt wie die von Numfor, die wir Herrn Stein widmen.
Typus : ? ad. Numfor 25. April 1931, G. Stein leg. No. 809.
Monarcha alecto chalybeocephala (Gamot). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Steui.
(J (J (12.-24. IV.) Fl. 86,5-87,5-88,5-89= ; Gew. 262-26,5-28.
?? (11.-24. IV.) Fl. 76,5-77-79-83-83,5-84 ; Gew. 21,5-23,8-25^
3 cJ und 1 $ in Fliigelmaiiser.
In der Farbung stimmt diese Serie voUig mit einer solchen aus Waigeu und Jobi iiberein, aber die Fliigellange ist vielleicht im Mittel em wenig germger ; sie variiert nach unseren Messungen folgendermassen :
Numfor : S<S 86,5-89, ?? 76,5-84. Jobi : tJcJ 89-91, $? 81,5-87. Waigeu: c?(? 88-91.
Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca (Quoy & Gaim.). Gesammelt von ; Doherty, Stein.
|
807. |
24. IV. |
<J2- |
Fl. 107 ; |
Gew. 35 |
|
|
815. |
15. IV. |
<?.- |
„ 107,5; |
„ 39 |
|
|
816. |
15. IV. |
$1- |
„ 103,5; |
„ 35; |
Flugelmauser |
|
830. |
24. IV. |
$0. |
„ 102,5; |
„ 31 |
Myiagra atra A. B. Meyer.
Myiagra aira Meyer, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixix, p. 498 (1874— Biak, Numfor).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
(J(J ad. (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 70,5-7I»-722-72,5'-732-742.
Schw. 53-542-54,5-55,5-562-56,5-57-58-59.
Gew. 13,5-142-14,2-14,52-152-15.23-16. (J juv. (20. IV.) Fl. 70 ; Schw. 56 ; Gew. 14,3.
?? (11.-24. IV.) Fl. 65,5-67-702-71.
Schw. 51,5-53-54-55.
Gew. 122-13-13,5-15,1. 2 cJ<J und 3 ?? in Fliigelmauser. Die ad. VV und die juv. sind gleioh gefarbt.
NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 197
Dieser eigenartige Vogel, der ausser auf Numfor iind dem zugehorigen Tnselchen Pulu Manim nur noch auf Biak lebt, gehort einer Gattung an, die an der Nord- und Westkiiste Neuguineas vollkommen fehlt, imd deren Vorkommen auf den Inseln der Geelvinkbai zu den zoogeographischen Merkwiirdigkeiteii dieses Gebietes gehort.
" Benehmen ganz rotschwanzartig mit Schwanzschiittebi. Der Vogel kommt nicht auf den Boden, lebt hoher im Gezweig des Urwaldes " (Stein).
Phylloscopus maforensis (A. B. Meyer).
Oerygone maformnis Meyer, Sitzungsher . K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx, p. 119 (1874 — Xumfor). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
|
736. |
25. IV. |
3,- |
Fl. 59,5 ; |
Schw. 36,5 ; |
Gew. 10,2 |
|
758. |
19. IV. |
cJa. |
„ 57; |
„ 37; |
„ 10,5 |
|
751. |
23. IV. |
^1- |
„ 57; |
„ 36,5 ; |
„ 10,1 |
|
753. |
21. IV. |
<?!■ |
„ 59,5; |
„ 36,5 ; |
„ 10 |
|
755. |
21. IV. |
Ol- |
„ 56,5; |
„ 34,5 ; |
„ 9 |
|
752. |
25. IV. |
<jl- |
„ 56,6; |
„ 35,5 ; |
„ 10,5 |
|
738. |
14. IV. |
Ol- |
„ 58,5; |
„ 36,5 ; |
„ 11 ; Fliigelmauser. |
|
757. |
11. IV. |
<Jl. |
„ 58; |
„ 35,5 ; |
„ 10,5 |
|
754. |
23. IV. |
?o. |
„ 52,5; |
„ .34 ; |
„ 10,3 |
|
756. |
22. IV. |
2o- |
„ .53; |
., 32,5 ; |
8 |
|
770. |
21. IV. |
v_ |
„ 51 ; |
„ 33,5 ; |
„ 8,5 |
Dlese interessante Art war bisher nur nach dem Ty]5us bekannt, der sich im Dresdener Museum befindet, und nach zwei schlechten Balgen, die das Tring- Museum besitzt. Schon Rothschild & Hartert haben ihre Zugehorigkeit zur Verwandtschaftsgruppe des Phylloscopus giulianettii erkannt. Wir halten sie fiir eine etwas aberrante Angehorige des weitverbreiteten Artenkreises, zu welchem auf .Java die Form trivirgatiis, auf den Philippinen die Form olivaceus, auf Gelebes die Form sarasinorurn, auf Neuguinea die Formen poliocephahos und giulianettii gehoren. Phylloscopus maforensis unterscheidet sich von den beiden soeben erwahnten Formen, welche die hohen Berge Neuguineas bewohnen, nicht nur durch die Oekologie und die Farbung, sondern auch durch die Strxiktur des Schnabels, der an der Basis etwas breiter Lst ; ferner ist der Unterschnabel an der Ventralseite flacher und erhebt sich nicht so deutlich zu emem Kiel wie bei giulianettii wad jwliocephalus. Ph. maforensis diirfte auf Numfor ein ebenso altes Element darstellen wie Macruropsar magnns, Myiagra atra, MicropsiUa geelvinkiana, Eos cyanogenys u. a. Da Meyers Beschreibung (I.e.) ungenau ist, lassen wir eine erneute Beschreibung folgen :
Federn der Oberseite dunkelgrau mit olivgriinen Saumen, die von vorn nach hinten allmahlich breiter werden, wodurch die Oberseite folgende Farbung annimmt : Stirn grau, Kopf grau mit schmalen Saumen, Interscapulium oHvgriin mit grauer Federbasis, Biirzel und Oberschwanzdecken olivgriin. Fliigeldeck- federn und Schwingen schwarzlich mit kraftig olivgriinen Aussensaumen ; Steuerfedern ebenso gefarbt, aber die olivfarbenen Saume matter, ausseres Paar mit selir schmalem weissen Innensaum, welcher auch am 2. Paar noch schwach angedeutet ist. Unterseite blassgrau mit vorn schmalen, hinten breiten griinlich- gelben Saumen, die auf den Korperseiten in Grau iibergehen. Unterschwanz- decken blass griinlichgelb. ZiigeUedern grau mit weissen Zentralfiecken. Ohrdeckfedern grau mit heUerem Schaftstrich. Uber und hmter dem Auge cine
198 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1H32.
Andeutiuig einer helleren Augenbraue. Axillaren weiss niit olivgelben Saumen ; Unterfliigeldecken graubrauii, aussere mit breiten olivgelben, innere mit breiten weissen Saumen. Schwingen mit schmalen weissen Innensaumen. Oberschnabel schwarzbraun mit helleren Schneiden und heller Spitze ; Unterschnabel heUgelb- Uch ; Fiisse dunkeUiaarbraun.
Auf Biak wird dieser Vogel vertreten durch Phylloscopus misoriensis Meise [Nov. ZooL. 36, 1931, p. 318, Fussnote 1, nomen novum fiir Sericornis ? trochilo- ides Salvad. (1878 — Misori), nee Phylloscopvs trochiloides (Sundevall 1838)].
Coracina lineata maforensis (A. B. Meyer).
CampephcKja inaforensis Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Hiss. Wien, vol. xlix, p. 386 (1874 — Numfor).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
911. 20. IV. cJi- Fl. 130 ; Gew. 69 913. 11. IV. cJi. „ 126 ; „ 63,5 908. 19. IV. 9„. „ 120; „ 56
912. 11. IV. ?„. „ 128,5 ; „ 60.5
Diese durch iliren Geschlechtsdimorpliismus interessante Rasse ist auf die Insel Numfor be.schrankt und hat keinen geogi-aphLschen Vertreter auf Biak. tjber die geographische Variation siehe Stresemann, Arch, fur Naturgesch. 1923, A. 8, p. 18.
Das $ gleicht ganz dem $ von C. I. axillaris, hat aber Brust und Kehle etwas dvmkler.
Edolisoma morio neglectum Salvad.
EdoliismiM neglectum Salvad., Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. 15, p. 36 (1880 — Numfor). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
<J<J ad. (29. III.-12. IV.) Fl. 116-117-118-119-121-121,5-123.
Gew. 61-62-62,5-63-68. ?$ (15.-21. IV.) Fl. 115-118.5-119.
Gew. 60-62-67. 4 (JcJ und alle $$ in Fliigelmauser. 2 von den $? haben schwarze Fleckc an der Brust.
Edolisoma morio neglectum ist auf Numfor beschrankt und wird auf Biak durch die deutUch verschiedene Rasse meyeri vertreten ; vgl. Stresemann, Arch, fiir Naturgesch. 1923, A. 8, p. 21.
Mageninhalt : Insekten, hauptsachlich Heuschrecken (924).
Pitta sordida mafoorana Schkgcl.
Pitta novaeguineae mafoorana Schleg., Mus. Pays Bus III, Remie Pitta, p. 8 (1874 — Nuinfor). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
811. 11. IV. $1. Fl. 102; Gew. 71,5
810. 16. IV. ?. „ 98,5 ; „ 67,5 ; juv.
Diese deutlich gekeiinzeichnete Rasse wird auf Biak durch Pitta sordida rosenbergi vertreten, welcher sie mehr ahnelt als der Neuguinearasse novaeguineae.
Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Lesson). Gesammelt von : Doherty.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
199
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Collocalia esculenta |
spilura Gray. |
||||
|
Gesammelt von : |
V. Rosenberg, |
Stein. |
|||
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713. |
25. IV. |
6v Fl |
101,5; |
Gew. 6,2 |
|
|
721. |
25. IV. |
<?!• „ |
98; |
„ 6,3; |
FlugehnauBer |
|
724. |
22. IV. |
<?,- „ |
98; |
„ 7,1 |
„ |
|
698. |
25. IV. |
(?.. ., |
98; |
„ 6.5 |
|
|
728. |
18. IV. |
cJi- „ |
101; |
,. 7 |
|
|
723. |
25. IV. |
<Jl. „ |
95; |
„ 7,1 |
,, |
|
694. |
25. IV. |
i" " |
98; |
„ 6,4 |
|
|
662. |
29. III. |
c?o- |
98,5; |
„ — |
|
|
729. |
18. IV. |
cJo- .. |
95,5 ; |
„ 5,8- |
|
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685. |
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98,5; |
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100; |
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98,5; |
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98,5; |
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101 ; |
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$0. ,. |
98; |
„ 7 |
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100,5 ; |
„ 6,6 |
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|
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$0. ,. |
96,5; |
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juv. |
Wir vermogen im Gebiet von Celebes, Nord-Molukken und Neuguinea zu unterscheiden :
Collocalia esculenta viridinitens Gray.
20 Vogel aus Celebes (Heinrich leg. 1931) haben die Oberseite mehr gliinzend griin, Kehle, Brust und Korperseiten mit ziemlich stark griinlichem MetaUglanz (nicht ungefahr einfarbig grau wie bei Vogeln von Niirnfor, Halmahera, Sepik und Saruwagedgebirge). Oberseits sind einzelne Federn oft blau (oder nur teilweise blau), statt griin. Bauch weiss und ebenso scharf abgesetzt gegen die dunklere Brust wie bei Vogeln von der Nordkiiste Neuguineas zwischen >Jobi und Saruwagedgebirge. Weisser Fleck an der Wurzel der Innenfahne der ausseren Steuerfedern gross und rein weiss.
Collocalia esculenta spilura Gray. Bauch nicht reinweiss wie bei viridinitens, sondern infolge der grossen schwarzen Federzentren schwarzgrau gesprenkelt. Weisser Fleck an der Basis der Innenfahne der ausseren Steuerfedern kleiner als bei viridinitens oder ganz fehlend (1 Exemplar). Kehl- und Brustfedern ohne den starken metallisch griinen Glanz von viridinitens. Von Halmahera-Exemplaren vermogen wir nach Farbung xnid Grosse nicht zu trennen die Serie von Numfor, walirend das einzige Exemplar von Waigeu auf Oberseite, Fliigel imd Schwanz durch intensiven violettblauen statt griinlichblauen Schiller hochst auffallig abweicht, aber es mag sich um erne individuelle Variation handeln.
Collocalia esculenta subsp. Ein Stiick aus Japen, 3 vom Sepikgebiet und 4 vom Saruwagedgebirge unterscheiden sich scharf von der Serie aus Numfor durch den reinweissen
200 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. in:!2.
Bauch. Sie gleichen ua dieser Hinsicht der Celebes -Rasse. Flugellange : 97,5-101-103-105-106-108-109 mm.
Mit den Exemplaren aus Deutsch Neuguinea stimmen in Grosse und Farbimg ziemlich gut iiberein zwei Exemplare aus dem Weylandgebirge, sie unterscheiden sich aber von alien anderen von luis untersuchten Exemplaren aus Neuguinea dadurch, dass die weisse Zeichnung auf die Basalregion der Innenfahnen der "2. und 3. Steuerfedern beschrankt ist und auf den aussersten Steuerfedern voUig fehlt. Durcb dieses Merkmal nahern sie sich der Rasse C. e. nitens O. -Grant, welche nach einem Exemplar vom Utakwafluss (2900 Fuss) beschrieben worden ist und sich ausser durch geringe Grosse (Fl. 92 mm.) durch volUgen Mangel der weissen Zeichnung an den Schwanzfedern auszeichnen soli. Wahrscheinlich gibt es auf Neuguinea viel mehr unterscheidbare Rassen als wir bisher wissen, die ausgepragteste darunter ist wohl C. e. maxima Og. -Grant, die nach einem Stiick vom Utakwafluss (8000 Fuss) beschrieben worden ist. tjber die geographi- sche Variation auf den Salomon -Inseln vgl. Mayr, Amer. Mns. Nov. 486, 1931, pp. 15-17.
Collocalia vanikorensis steini Stres. & Pal.
Gesammelt von : Stem. Siehe unter Waigeu.
Podargus papuensis papuensis Quoy & Gaim.
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Stein.
954. 11. IV. $1. FI. 275 ; Schw. 253 ; Gew. 335 936. 25. IV. $1. „ 252 ; „ 231 ; „ 225 950. 14. IV. $1. „ 282; „ 273; „ 300
In der Grosse gut iibereinstimmend mit einer Serie von Jobi ; dagegen ist em altes ? von Manokwari (Stein leg. Nr. 603) mit FI. 304, Schw. 292, Gew. 375 grosser.
Die Oberseite der drei Numforweibchen erscheint auffallig dunkel, und der Oberkopf hat deutlichere gelbUchweisse Fleckung, als das bei imserer Jobiserie der Fall ist, doch mochten wir auf diese Tatsache angesichts der grossen individu- ellen VariabUitat von Podargus papuensis kein Gewicht legen.
Merops ornatus Latham. Gesammelt von : Doherty (Mai 1897).
Eurystomus orientalis pacificus (Latham). Gesammelt von : Doherty (Mai 1897).
Alcyone azurea lessonii Cassin. Gresammelt von : Beccari.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 201
Tanysiptera carolinae Schlegel.
Tanysiptera carolinae Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 13 (1871 — Nurafor).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
(J (J ad. (29. III.-24. IV.) Fl. 105..5-106-107=-108-109,5-I102-110,.5-111.
Schw. 170-174-184-187-197-202.
Gew. 63-63.5-64-65,5-692. ?? ad. (29. III.-22. IV.) Fl. 106.5-107,5-108-109-109,5-110,5-112-113.
Schw. 152-161-162-174.
Gew. 64,5-65,2-68,5-71,7-742-75. <J? juv. (12.-25. IV.) Fl. 107,5= ; Gew. 54-55-58-61.
3 (J<J uud 4 2$ in Grossgefiedermauaer. " Schnabel rot, Fiisse griinlich."
Die.se schone, fiir Numfor endemische Art lasst sich mit dera reich gegliederten Rassenkreis Tanysiptera hydrocharis zu einem Artenkreis zusammenschliessen. E.s ist geradezu imverstandlich, dass Mathews fiir die Numforform ein besonderes Subgenus, Edquista, geschafTen hat. Merkwiirdigerweise weicht der geographi.sche Vertreter von T. carolinae auf Biak {T. hydrocharis riedelii Verreaux) weit weniger stark von den Neugumearassen ab. Die auffalligen Unterschiede zwischen carolinae und hydrocharis gehen wesentlich darauf zuriick, dass in die Federn der ganzen Unterseite von caroliiuie schwarzes Melanin eingewandert ist, das erst die notige Vorbedingung schafft, um die Blaustruktur zur Geltung zu bringen. Man kann also hier in gewissem Sinne von Inselmelanismus sprechen. Sehr eigenartig ist Form und Fiirbung der mittleren Schwanzfedern bei carolinae. Sie sind namlich scharf in emen weLssen basalen. einen blauen subapicalen und einen weissen apioalen Bezirk gegliedert, und nur in den beiden weissen Bezirken ist die Feder- fahne normal ausgebildet, wilhrend sie im blauen Gebiet zu ganz kurzen, borsten- artigen und strahlenlosen Rami reduziert Lst, also ganz anders als bei hydrocharis, wo auch das blaue Gebiet der Feder eine gut ausgebUdete, wenn- gleich stark verschmalerte Fahne tragt. Bemerkenswert ist ferner, dass das mittlere Schwanzfederpaar weit kiirzer ist als bei der anderen Art, namlich nur: ,$ 170-202, $ 152-174 (gegen ,^ 221-260, ? 198-255 bei hydrocharis meyeri).
" Gewohnlich recht niedrig im Urwald sitzend ; Rufe an $ von Cuculus canorus erinnernd, aber mehr schackernd. Eier nach Angabe der Etngeborenen in Ameisennestern " (Stein).
Mageninhalt : Heuschrecken (846), Heuschrecken, 1 Schnecke (835), grosse Kafer (831)-
Halcyon saurophaga saurophaga Gould. Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Stein.
Fliigelmauser.
|
904. |
19. IV. |
o'l. |
Fl. 127 ; G |
ew. 117 |
|
905. |
18. IV. |
■3i- |
., 125; |
„ 131 |
|
902. |
19. IV. |
$2- |
„ 127; |
„ 139 |
|
903. |
18. IV. |
?0- |
„ 127; |
„ — |
Halcyon sancta sancta Vigors & Horsf.
Gesammelt von : Doherty. Zugvogel au.s AustraUen.
202 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVTII. 1932.
Cacomantis variolosus obscurahis subsp. nova. Gresammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
735. 22. IV. (Ji. Fl. 122 ; Schw. 113.5; Gew. 36 737. 11. IV. o*i- •• 128; „ 116; „ 40 739. 12. IV. Si- ,• 127 ; „ 112 ; „ 33
Schon Salvador! (Orn. Pap. i, p. 340) fand, dass ein Stiick dieses Kuckucks von Numfor (A. B. Meyer leg.) der Population von Ternate sehr ahnlich sei, aber doch davon unterschieden werden konne und zwar — wie er meinte — durch die Grosse besonders des SchnabeLs. Seither sind die Bewohner der Nordmolukken durch Hartert von denjenigen Neuguineas iinter dem Namen C. v. oblitus abge- trennt worden (Nov. Zool. xxxii, 1925, p. 167). Wir finden mit Salvadori, dass die Numforvogel dem C. v. oblitus ahnliclier sind als der Neugiunearasse C. v. infaustus, aber doch nicht ganz mit jenem iibereinstimmen. C. v. oblitus unter- scheidet sich von C. v. infaustus durch im Mittel etwas bedeutendere Fliigellange (120-130 gegen 114-122) und hellere Tonimg, besonders der Unterseite, was sowohl in den grauen wie in den rostfarbenen Federpartien zum Ausdruck gelangt und besonders deutlich an den Unterschwanzdeckfedern ist. Bei oblitus sind die Fiisse und die Basis des Unterschnabels am Balg braunlich, nicht so gelblich gefarbt wie bei infaustus. C. v. obscuratus stimmt in alien diesen Merk- malen gut mit oblitus iiberein, hat aber dunkler graue Kopf- und Halsseiten, wenn auch nicht so dunkle wie infaustus. Fliigel : 122-127-128.
Typus : S ad., Numfor, 17. April 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 739.
Centxopus species ? Herr Stein sah auf Numfor einen Centropus, ohne ihn erlegen zu konnen. Moglicherweise handelt es sich um die auf Biak lebende Art Centropus chalybaeus Salvad.
Kakatoe galerita macrolopha (Rosenberg).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Stein.
947. 22. IV. ?. Fl. .303 ; Gew. 575 960. 12. IV. ?. „ 281 ; „ 450
Siehe unter Waigeu.
Micropsitta geelvinkiana geelvinkiana (Schleg.).
Naaitema pygmam geelvinkiana Schlegel, A'prf. Tijihrhr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 7 (1871— Numfor). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
<J(J ad. (12.-26. IV.) Fl. 56-.572-58'-59=-60*.
Gew. 12,.5-12,8-132-13.2-13.5-13,6-13,7-14'. ?? ad. (12.-25. IV.) Fl. 54-55-562-57^-58.
Gew. 10,5-1 P-12-12,2-12,5-13.
Die mmderbare Serie von 22 Stiick wird wohl fiir alle Zeiten feststellen, dass die Form aus Numfor leicht von der axLs Misori abzutrennen ist. Salvadori hat den von Schlegel gegebenen Namen verworfen, well dieser die zwei Formen unter demselben Namen auffiihrt, obgleich er die Unterschiede betont ; da aber Schlegel ganz sicher Numfor (Mafor) als ersten Fundort angibt, muss der Name geelvinkiana fiir den Vogel dieser Inscl gebraucht werden.
" Lockruf zit-zit-zit-zit-zit schncll wiederholt beim Fliegen, auch zich. Nest angeblich in Ameisennestern " (Stein).
Magenmhalt : Fein zerkleinerte Samen (668).
No\aTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1032. 203
Eclectus roratus maforensis subsp. nova. Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Stein.
|
964. |
12. IV. |
^2- |
Fl. 265; |
Gew |
. 350 |
|
|
965. |
14. IV. |
Jl- |
„ 263 ; |
,, |
325 |
|
|
957. |
17. IV. |
<^1- |
„ 263; |
,, |
325 |
|
|
959. |
11. IV. |
'ii- |
„ (250) |
„ |
350; |
in Fliigelmauser |
|
961. |
12. IV. |
3- |
,. 260 ; |
„ |
325 |
|
|
962. |
11. IV. |
Vo- |
., 2.35 ; |
,, |
310 |
|
|
963. |
16. IV. |
?„■ |
.. 240 ; |
,, |
225 |
|
|
958. |
12. IV. |
V- |
„ 253; |
., |
3.50 |
Die Rassenunterschiede treten besonders deiitlich im weiblichen Geschleoht hervor. ? ad. am nach.sten E. r. aruensis. aber noch dunkler ; mehr dunkel blutrot auf deni Riicken, Biirzel & Fliigel ; Federn mit helleien Saumen, welche bei E. r. pectoralis und E. r. aruensis fehlen. Hand- \ind iiussere Armschwingen glanzender tief blau ; die Ausseiirander vergissmeinnichtblau statt griinlich wie bei E. r. pectoralis, gleichfarbig mit dem Rest der Aussenfaline wie bei E. r. aruensis, Schwanz dunkler blutrot, die helle Spitze schmaler, seitliche Aussen- fahnen griin iiberflogen statt hellrot ; Vorderbrust dunkler und diisterer als bei E. r. pectoralis und E. r. aruensis. Fliigellange 225-238 mm.
(J ad. Riicken, Fliigel, Biirzel und Hinterhals etwas dunkler und diisterer griin. FliigeUange 2.55-262 mm.
Typus : $ No. 962, II. April 1931, Numfor.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi subsp. ? Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
901. |
13. IV. |
Ol- |
Fl. 170 ; |
Gew. 168 ; |
ad. |
|
520. |
V. |
Ol- |
„ 164; |
— |
; juv. in Numfor gekauft und gestorben |
|
923. |
26. IV. |
9i- |
„ 171; |
„ 172 |
|
|
928. |
20. IV. |
?o- |
,. 172; |
„ 156 |
|
|
926. |
19. IV. |
?. |
„ 172; |
„ 165 |
Diese Form steht in der Farbung G. g. mysoriensis Meyer am nachsten, aber da das eine alte ^ in voUer Mauser ist, lasst es sioh meines Erachtens nicht sicher abtrennen ; aber es ist auch nicht ratsam, es damit zu vereinigen, da die rote und die blaue Farbung auf dem Oberkopf nicht so weit zu reichen scheint als bei Biak-Stiicken.
" Flug taubenartig mit Schwankungen unter wiegenden Bewegiingen des Korpers " (Stein).
Eos cyanogenys Bp.
Eos cyanogenia Bonaparte, Consp. Aw i. p. 4 (1850 — ohne Fundort).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
(J (J ad. (11.-23. IV.) Fl. 153-157-1.58-1592-1613-1622-163-164-1673-168-169.
Gew. 1.35-145,.5-146-147-150,5-152-155-160--160..5-1643-165,5-167.5-169,5- 175. ?? ad. (II. -23. IV.) Fl. 1.54-155-156-1.57-158-159-16.3=-164-164,5.
Gew. 130-145-147,5-1492-155-159-163-168.
Herr Stein hat eine ganz hervorragende Serie von 28 Stiick bekommen. Das einzige junge Exemjjlar zeigt viel mehr Schwarz auf Riicken und Jnter- scapulium und weniger Rot auf Hinterkopf imd Hinterhals ; die roten Federn
204 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
des Ober- und Hinterkopfes und Halses sowie die ganze Unterseite haben dunkel purpurblane Rander.
" Sehr haufig aiif Numfor. Flug geiade, schwirrend. Vogel nicht paar- weise zu.sammen. Nahrvuig : Bliiten (?) von hohen Urwaldbaumen."
Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (L.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg.
Pandion haliaetus cristatus (Vitillot). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari.
Haliastur indus girrenera (Vieillot). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Stein.
946. 19. IV. o"i- Fl. 351 ; Gew. 425
Accipiter novaehollandiae leucosomus (Sharpe). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Doherty, Stein.
935. '■ 3." (?!) Fl. 236 ; Gew. 305 ; weiss. ; " Fusse und Iris gelb."
937. 11. IV. $„. ,,239; „ 266 ; weiss.
930. 21. IV. $0. „ 237 + X ; „ 337,5; weiss.
955. 16. IV. $. .. 235 ; — juv. Gefiirbte Phase.
AuffalUgerweise gehoren unter den vier von Stein gesammelten Exemplaren nicht weniger als drei der weissen Phase an. v. Rosenberg erbeutete ein weisses imd ein gefarbtes Stiick. Die weisse Mutante scheint also aiif Numfor besonders haufig zu sein.
Hier liegt eine Art vor, die aiif Numfor in derselben Rasse auftritt wie auf Neuguinea, wahrend Biak eine kleinere (endemische) Rasse, Accipiter novaehol- landiae misoriensis (Salvad.), beherbergt.
Egretta intermedia plumUera (Gould). Gesammelt von : Beccari.
Butorides striatus moluccanun Hartert. Gesammelt von : Stein.
9.52. 17. IV. (Jj. Fl. 181,5
944. 28. IV. (Jo. ,. 183 ; Gew. 226
938. 15. IV. $3. „ 181 ; „ 246
Siehe unter Waigeu.
Phalacrocorax melanoleucus melanoleucus (Vieillot). Gesammelt von : Stein.
940. 21. IV. cjj. Fl. 232 ; Gew. 575
Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Tcnim). Gesammelt von : Stein.
943. 13. IV. o"3- Fl. 132; Gew. in 942. 13. IV. 0*1- .. 128; „ 113,5 Beide in Fliigelmauaer.
Neunachweis fiir Numfor, unbekannt von Biak.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 205
Ptilinopus rivolii prasinorrhous Gray.
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari.
Von V. Rosenberg und A. B. Meyer auf Numfor, von Beccari nur auf der kleinen Insel Pulu Manim erbeutet. Die Verbreitung dieser Taube ist eine sehr merkwiirdige und erklart sich wohl daraus, dass der Vogel kleine ttache Inseln zum Aufenthalt wahlt und wie so manche anderen Vogelarten die Kiiste und das Innere grosser Inseln meidet, mit Ausnahme von Seran und Burn, wo er haupt- sachlich im Gebiige angetroffen worden ist ; so bewohnt er ausser den Kei-Insein und der Inselkette zwischen Keiinseln und Seran die westlichen pajjuanischen Inseln und in der Geelvinkbai die Inseln Numfor, Japen, die Padaido-Inseln und Ron, ist aber niemals auf Neuguinea selbst angetroffen worden. Die gleiche Vorliebe fiir kleine Inseln scheint Ptilinopus r. rivolii und P. r. strophiurn zu haben, wahrend Ptilinopns bellus, welche Rothschild & Hartert in den Rassen- kreis P. rivolii gestellt haben, auf die Gebirge von Neuguinea beschrankt ist, also oekologisch stark abweicht und wohl besser als eigene Art aufgefasst wird. Das Verhaltnis von P. rivolii zu P. belhis ist analog dem Verhaltnis von Pachycephala pectoralis zu P. soror.
Ptilinopus speciosus Schlegel.
PtUopus speciosus Schlegel, Xederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 23 (1871 — Numfor und Soek). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
S3 (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 109-111-112=-113,5-1142-1152-116.
Gew. 77,2-77,5-82,5-86,7-87-88-912-92-102. ?$ (10.-24. IV.) Fl. 1092-111 ; Gew. 78-82-85. 2 cJ(J und 2 $$ in Fliigelmauaer.
Diese Art wird sowohl von Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. viii, 1901, p. 108, wie von Mayr, Am. Mus. Nov. Nr. 504, 1931, p. 9, in den Rassenkreis Ptilinopus solomonensis gestellt ; wir vermogen uns aber aus morphologischen und zoogeographischen Griinden dieser Gruppierung nicht anzuschliessen, sondern betrachten Ptilinopus speciosus als eine Art, die sich ebenso wie Ptilinopus solonwnensis, aber ohne Zusammenhang mit dieser, von der rtwZu-Gruppe abgezweigt hat und in ihrem Wohngebiet, namlich den Inseln Numfor und Biak, wozu offenbar spater auch Japen, Korido und die Padaido-Inseln hinzugekom- men sind, infolge langer Isolierung Artcharaktere erwarb, ehe diese Inseln libers Meer liinweg zum zweiten Male von der rivo/u-Gruppe in Gestalt von Ptilinopus rivolii prasinorrhous besiedelt wurden.
Ptilinopus musschenbroekii Schlegel.
Ptilopus mnsscheiibroekii Schlegel, Xederl. Tijcl-schr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 23 (1871 — Numfor, Miosnom, Soek).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein. 941. 14. IV. cJj. Fl. 111,5; Gew. 100,5
Fliigelmauaer, noch Reate des Ju. Kl.
|
927. |
11. IV. |
3.- |
„ 109; |
„ 97 |
|
853. |
12. IV. |
6v |
„ 112; |
., 80,5 |
|
860. |
15. IV. |
?2- |
„ 107,5; |
„ 86,5 |
|
861. |
12. IV. |
9,. |
„ 108; |
„ 99,4 |
|
852. |
11. IV. |
?!• |
„ 104,5; |
„ 115 |
|
898. |
24. IV. |
?!■ |
„ 108,5; |
„ 98 |
|
862. |
24. IV. |
?!• |
„ 106; |
„ 80 |
Ptilinopus musschenbroekii ist auf die Inseln Numfor, Biak Miosnom und Jobi beschrankt ; sie gehort zur Gruppe des Ptilinopus viridis, die fiir die Probleme
206 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
der Artbildung ebenso wertvoUe Beispiele geliefert hat wie die Gruppe Ptilinopus rivolii. Die wridis-Gruppe setzt sich zusammen aus drei Arten, namlich Ptilinopus viridis, Ptilinopus pecioralis und Ptilinopus musschenhroekii. Von diesen ist Ptilinopus viridis auf die Siidinolukken beschriinkt. Die Geschlechter sind gleich gefarbt, beide sind dui-ch ein grosses rotes Kehischild geziert. Dieses letztere Merkmal fehlt den $$ der im papuanischen Gebiet vorkommenden Arten P. pectoralis und P. musschenhroekii ; sie sind also geschlechtsdimorph. Man wiirde sie beide in denselben Rassenkreis stellen, wenn sie nicht beide nebeneitiander auf Japen vorkamen. Wir haben hier offenbar folgendes anzunehmen : Ptilinopus musschenhroekii hat sich aus dem pectoralis Stamm entwiekelt, nachdem dieser von Neuguinea aus die Insehi Numfor, Miosnom und Biak besiedelt hatte ; wahrend langer IsoUerung hat die Inselform Artcharaktere erworben, die es ihr ermoglichten, wieder in das pectoralis-Gehiet einzudringen, ohne dass eine Bas- tardierung zustandekam. Wir finden daher heute auf Japen sowohl die ofJenbar alt eingesessene Ptilinopus pectoralis salvadorii, als auch die vermutlich erst spater von Biak her eingewanderte Ptilinopus mitsschenbroekii, und ebenso vermochte sich auf Numfor und Biak (Soek-Supiori) neuerdings Ptilinopus pectoralis festzusetzen, ohne sich mit der eingesessenen Ptilinopus musschenhroekii geschlechthch zu vermischen.
Ptilinopus pectoralis subsp. ? Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg.
Ducula myristicivora geelvinkiana (Schlegel).
Carpophaya geelvinkiana Schlegel, Mus. Fays Bos, Coluinhae, vol. iv, p. 86 (1873 — Miosnom, Numfor, Soek).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
: 951. 10. IV. cJi. Fl. 247 ; Gew. 475 ; FlUgelmauser. 956. 22. IV. $1. .. 254 ; —
948. 10. IV. 5i- .7 220 ; — juv., 6 aussere Schwingen graubraunlicli statt blau.
Siehe unter Waigeu !
Macropygia amboinensis maforensis Salvad.
Macropyijia maforensis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Cir. Gen. vol. 12, p. 429 (1878 — Xuuifor).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
932. 14. IV. (Jj- Fl- 165 ; Gew. 141 ; Fliigelmauser.
928. 20. IV. (Ji. „ 168,5 ; ., 136
931. 17. IV. $1. „ 155 ; „ 134 ; Mauser.
945. 11. IV. $1. „ 162,5; „ 129,5 ; Flugelmauser.
934. 11. IV. ?„. „ 160; „ 133,5
Siehe luiter Waigeu
Chalcophaps indica minima Hart.
Chalcophaps indica minima Hartert, U. M. B. xxxix, p. 144 (1931 — Numfor).
Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
Diese Zwergrasse ist auf die Inseln Numfor, Biak und Miosnom beschrankt. Die ihr sehr ahnliche Rasse Chalcophaps indica indica verbreitet sich von Ceylon und Hinterindien ostwarts nur bis an den Westrand der westlichen papuanischen Insehi, namUch nur bis nach Gebe und Koffiao. Erst im ostlichen Neuguinea,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 207
von der Astrolabebai unci dem Hallsund ost warts, beginnt das Areal einer dritten Rasse, Chalcophaps indica chrysochlora (Wagler) (vgl. Stresemann, Arch, fiir Naturgesch. 1923, A. 8, p. 80).
Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L.).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty.
Die sehr weit verbreitete Mahnentaube wird auch im papuanischen Gebiet nur auf kleinen Inseln gefunden. In der Geelvinkbai ist sie bekannt von Japen, Miosnom, Numfor und Biak.
Actitis hypoleucos (L.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
808. 16. IV. cJi. Fl. 108,5 ; Gew. 47 817. 16. IV. cJo- .. Ill ;
Sterna bergii cristata Stephens. Gesammelt von : Stein.
953. 19. IV. o"i- Fl- 324 ; Gew. 274
Vollkommen ausgefarbtes Brutkleid ohne weisse Federn in der schwarzen Kopfplatte.
Megapodius freycinet geelvinkianus A. B. Meyer.
Megapodius geelvinkianus A. B. Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixix, p. 88 (1874 — Numfor, Misori).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
966. 13. IV. ?. Fl. 200 ; Gew. 525
967. 12. IV. ?. „ 194;
900. 13. IV. ?. „ — „ 123,5 ; puUus !
Bekannt von Numfor, Pulo Manim, Biak, Miosnom und Japen. Dies ist die einzige Megapodiusarl von Numfor, Miosnom und Biak. Auf Japen dagegen lebt sie zusammen mit einer zweiten Art, Megapodius affinis affinis A. B. Meyer. Megapodius freycinet geelvinkianus unterscheidet sich von der Nominatform, welche die Nordmolukken und die westlichen papuanischen Inseln bewohnt und an der Nordkiiste des Vogelkopfes nur an kleinen der Kiiste vorgelagerten Inselchen wie Sorong und Pulu Hum bei Manokwari angetroffen wurde, durch die viel geringere Grosse und durch die Farbung der Fiisse, welche bei freycinet ganz schwarz sind, wahrend bei geelvinkianus die Laufe hinten rotlich gefarbt sind.
m. DIE VOGEL VON JAPEN (= JOBI).
Beabbeitet von LORD ROTHSCHILD (Paradisaeidae, Psittaci), ERWIN STRESEMANN und KNUD PALUDAN (Einleitung und die ubrigen Gruppen).
EINLEITUNG.
Die Insel Japen oder (wie sie m der ornithologLschen Literatur bisher meist genannt wurde) Jobi nimmt eine Flache von imgefahr 3480 km^ ein. In Hinsicht auf ihre Fauna unterscheidet sie sich scharf von den iibrigen Inseln der Geel- vinkbai ; wahrend jene auf eine lange Selbstandigkeit zuriickblicken konnen, hat
208 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
sich Japen vermutlich erst im SpatpleLstocaen von Neuguiiiea losgelost, und seine Vogelwelt ist daher im wesentUchen nichts anderes als eine verarnite Waropen- Fauna (Waropen ist der Name jener Landschaft, die die Ostkiiste der Geelvinkbai einnimmt). Die ersten Oinithologen, welche auf Japen sammelten, entdeckten dort eine ganze ReUie iiberrascliender neuer Formen ; erst spater hat sich herausgesteUt, dass die gleichen oder doch wenigstens sehr ahnliche Rassen an der Nordkiiste Neuguineas weit verbreitet sind.
ERFORSCHUNGSGESCHICHTE.
V. Rosenberg (1809). Wie die anderen Inseln der Geelvinkbai, so ist auch Japen zuerst von Hermann von Rosenberg zoologisch untersucht worden, der dort einen Monat (5. April bis 6. Mai 1869) bei Ansus zubrachte, aber freilich nur sehr wenige Vogel sammelte.
Meyer (1873). Auch auf Japen ist Adolf Bernhard Meyer der tatkraftige Nachfolger Rosenbergs gewesen. Sein Besucli erstreckte sich iiber 3 Wochen (8.-29. April 1873). Er liess gleichfalls bei Ansus sammeln, .seine Jiiger gelang- ten aber bei ihren Streifen auch ins Gebirge. Im ganzen gelang es ihm, gegen 70 Vogelarten festzustellen, von denen er Philemon novaeguineae jobiensis, Zosterops minor, Pitohui kirrJiocephabis jobiensis, Myiolesles megarhynchus obscurus, Pachycephala griseiceps jobiensis, Arse-s telescophthalmiis insularis, OaUicoluniba jobiensis, Talegallus jobiensis und andere auffallige Formen beschrieb. Eine seiner iiberraschendsten Entdeckungen, Accipiter meyerianus, ist von Sharps bekamit gegeben worden.
Beccari (1875). Odoardo Beccari hielt sich 1875 zweimal kurz auf Jobi auf : 4.-14. April bei Ansus, 11.-14. Dezember bei Seroei. Er hat die Zahl der von Jobi bekannten Vogel nur unwesentlich vermehren konnen.
Bruijn (etwa 1875-1885). Die eingeborenen Jager A. A. Bruijns-Ternate und teilweise auch sein Handelsagent Leon Laglaize haben von Jobi viele Balge eingesandt, die zuni grossten Teil an Salvadori gelangten. Darunter befanden sich die nachmaligen Typen von Cinnyris nigriscapularis salvadorii Shelley.
Guillemard (1883). Die Yacht Marchesa segelte von Waigeu iiber Manok- wari nach Ansus auf Jobi, wo sie im November einige Tage vor Anker lag und GuiUemard Gelegenheit fand, einige Vogel zu sammeln. Diese wmden spater vom Tring-Museum angekauft.
Doherty (1897). Bevor William Doherty nach Numfor reiste, brachte er im A[)ril und Mai 1897 einige Wochen bei Ansus auf Japen zu, wo einer seiner Jager ermordet wiu'de.i Er vermehrte die Liste der Vogel urn einige Arten, von denen Aepypodius arfakianits und Ptilinopus musschenhroekii besonders bemerkenswert sind. Die Balge gelangten ans Tring-Museum.
Stein (1931). Als erstes Reiseziel wahlte sich Herr Georg Stein nach seiner Ankunft in Manokwari die Insel Japen, wo er sich vom 20. Febr. bis 15. Marz und spater noch einige Tage im Juli auf hielt. Seine vornehmUchstes Sammel- gebiet bUdete die Umgebung der Dorfer Serui und Kampong Baru, doch ist er auch ins gebirgige Iimere der Insel vorgedrungen und wohl der erste Ornithologe gewesen, der die hochsten Erhebungen, etwa 950 m., erreichte. Die Zahl der
' A. Wichmann, Nova Guinea, ii, 2, 1912, p. B28.
NOVITATES ZooLoaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932. 209
von ihm fiir JajDen neuentdeckten ansassigen Arten ist daher ansehnlich. Es siiid die folgenden 23 :
Corvus coronoides orru Bp.
Myzoniela cnientata cruentata A. B. Meyer.
Melilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hart.
Glycichaera fallax fallax Salvad.
Meliphaga montana steini Stres. & Pal.
Xanthotis virescens sonoroides (Gray).
Pitohui dichrous dichrous (Bp.).
Rhipidiira threnothorax nigrivertex Stres. & Pal.
Rhipidura hyperythra miilleri A. B. Meyer.
Todopsis Wallace! Gray.
Sericornis raagiiirostris jobiensis Stres. & Pal.
Sericornis spilodera spilodera (Gray).
CoUocalia vanikorensis hirundiiiacea Stres.
Collocalia vanikorensis baru Stres. & Pal.
Caprimulgus macrurus yorki Math.
Ninox dimorpha (Salvad.).
Tyto tenebricosa arfaki (Schleg.).
Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Sclater.
Cacomantis castaneiventris arfakianus Salvad.
Cacomantis variolosus infaustus Cab. & Heine.
HaUastur Indus girrenera (VieUl.).
Henicopernis longicauda fraterculus Stres. & Pal.
Baza subcristata reinwardti (Miill. & Schleg.).
Macropygia nigrirostris nigrirostris Salvad.
BERICHT DER EXPEDITION STEIN
" Als Lokalitat vieler in den Sammlungen befindhcher Japenvogel kehrt immer wieder der im Westen der langgestreckten Insel gelegene kleine Ort Ansus, friiher der Mittelpunkt der Paradiesvogeljagd. Hier fehlen bedeutendere Erhebungen, dafiir ist der Kiistenwald, auch Mangrove, in ausgedehntem Maysse vertreten. Wir benutzten als Ausgangspunkt unserer Tatigkeit Seroei, mehr im Osten gelegen, von wo aus das Gebirge ohne Zeitverlust und kostspielige Prau- f ahrten erreichbar war. Dieser Wahl ist wohl das Fehlen einiger Arten in nieiner Sammlung, wie Gerygone magnirostris, Goura, Probosciger, Halcyon nigrocyanea zuzuschreiben, die in dem wenig ausgedehnten, noch dazu von Sekundarbusch und Eingeborenenpflanzimgen dui'chsetzten Niederungswald der Umgebung Seroeis keine ausreichenden Existenzbedingungen vorfanden. Paradisea minor, Cicinmirus, Cacomantis castaneiventris und variolosus waren hier haufig. Nach zehn Tagen Sammeltatigkeit zogen wir in das Gebirge, das nach Durchschreiten der schmalen Kiistenzone steil anstieg. In etwa 350 m Hohe schlugen wir unser erstes Lager airf . Ausserordentlich steile, ganz mit Urwald bestandene, dazu dick verwachsene Hange machten das Schiessen und vor allem die Bergung der erlegten Stiicke ausserordentUch schwierig, so dass ich, natiirlich auch um die Fauna der hochsten Erhebungen zu sammeln, niein Lager aui 950 m verlegte, wahrend meine Frau mit Jagern und einem Praparator auf dem alten Standplatz verbheb. Grossere Hohen waren nicht vorhanden, der Urwald hatte hier wesentUch von
14
210 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
seiner Machtigkeit verloren ; die Baume waren iiiedriger, alles erschien lichter. Diphylkides niagnijica, Myzomela nigrita, Microeca flavovirescens, Gerygone palpebrosa, Sericornis spilodera waren hier die bemerkenswertesten Vertreter ; auch das einzige Exemplar von Meliphaga inontana, von der es iins trotz aller Miihe nicht gelang, weitere Stiicke zu erbeuten, stammt von hier. Am 19. III. kehrten wir nach Seroei zuriick, von wo aus ich noch eine kurze Praufahrt die Steilkiiste von Japan entlang nach dem in LirttHnie schatzungsweise 30 km ostlich gelegenen Kampong Baroe unternahm. Meine Absicht, von diesem Ort aus noch einmal in das Gebirge einzudringen, musste einer Fussverletzung wegen unterbleiben. Die Artenliste von Japen konnte hier noch um Tyto tenebricosa vermehrt warden. Bei meinem 2. kurzen Aufenthalt auf Japen (bei der Fahrt ins Weyland-gabirga) warden noch beobachtet aber nicht geschossen Oriohis szalayi und Pitta sordida rwvaegidneae.
Das Fahlen von Vertretern dar Hochgebirgsfauna auf den Gebirgsmassiven Japens diirfte als feststehende Tatsache zu betrachten sain. An sich ist fiir ein tropisches Gebirge die Hohenlage von 1000 m schon in klimatischer Beziehung nicht ausreichend, um typischen Hochgebirgsvogehi die geeigneten Lebensbe- dingungen zu biatan. Hinzu kommt noch, dass auch vor der Loslosung Japens vom Rumpfe Neuguinaas die zentralan Gabirgsketten wait entfernt und durch fiir Hochgebirgstiera uniiberschreitbara Tieflandsgebiete getrennt gewesen sain miissen."
VERZEICHNIS DER BRUTVOGEL. Corvidae.
1. Corvus coronoides orru Bp.
2. Gymnocorviis tristis (Less. & Garn.).
Paxadisaeidae.
3. Manucodia jobiansis jobiensis Salvad.
4. Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothsch.
5. Diphyllodes magnificus chrysopterus Ell.
6. Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons Rothsch.
7. Ailuroedus biiccoides gaislerorum A. B. Meyer.
Stumidae.
8. Mine dumontii violaceus Berlepsch.
9. Aplonis metallicus metallicus (Temm.).
Dicruiidae.
10. Dicrurus bracteatus carbonarius Bp.
Meliphagidae.
11. Myzomela cruentata cruentata A. B. Meyer.
12. Myzomela nigrita nigrita Gray.
13. Toxorhamphus lliolophus iUolophus (Salvad.),
14. Toxorhamphus novaeguineae novaeguinaae (Less.).
15. Melilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hart.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 2H
16. Glycichaera fallax sylvia Reichenow.
17. Meliphaga analoga flavida Stres. & Pal.
18. Meliphaga notata sharpei (Rothsch. & Hart.).
19. Meliphaga montaiia steini Stres. & Pal.
20. Xanthotis virescens sonoroides (Gray).
21. Xanthotis chrysotis meyeri Salvad.
22. Philemon novaeguineae jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
Nectariniidae.
23. Cinnyris jugulaiis frenata (S. Miill.).
24. Cinnyris sericea sericea Less.
25. Cinnyris nigriscapularis salvadorii Shell.
Dicaeidae.
26. Dicaeum geelvinkianum geelvinkianum A. B. Meyer.
27. Melanocharis nigra unicolor Salvad.
Zosteropidae.
28. Zosterops minor minor A. B. Meyer.
Laniidae.
29. Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.).
30. Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Less.).
31. Pitohui kirhocephaliis jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
32. Pitohui ferrugineiLs holerythrus (Salvad.).
33. Pitohui dichrous dichrous (Bp.).
34. Myiolestes megarhynchus obscurus (A. B. Meyer).
35. Pachycephala griseiceps jobiensis A. B. Meyer.
Muscicapidae.
36. Monarcha guttula (Gam.).
37. Monarcha alecto chalybeocephala (Garn.).
38. Monarcha cinerascens geelvinkiana A. B. Meyer.
39. Arses telescophthalmus insularis (A. B. Meyer).
40. Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca (Quoy & Gaim.).
41. Rhipidura threnothorax nigrivertex Stres. & Pal.
42. Rhipidura fumosa Schleg.
43. Rhipidura rufiventris gularis S. Miill.
44. Rhipidura hyperythra miilleri A. B. Meyer.
45. Rhipidura rufidorsa A. B. Meyer.
46. Poecilodryas brachyura albotaeniata (A. B. Meyer).
47. Microeca flavo virescens Gray.
48. Gerygone chrysogaster chrysogaster Gray.
49. Gerygone magnirostris affinis A. B. Meyer.
50. Todopsis wallacei Gray.
51. Gerygone palpebrosa wahnesi A. B. Meyer.
a-ta NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Timeliidae.
52. Crateroscelis murinus muiinus Sclater.
53. Sericornis magiiirostris jobiensis Stres. & Pal.
54. Sericornis spilodera spilodera (Gray).
Campophagidae.
55. Coracina caeruleogrisea (Gray).
56. Coracina boyeri boyeri (Gray).
57. Coracina papuensis papuensis (Gm.).
58. Edolisoma melan melan (Less.).
59. Edolisoma ceramense incertum (A. B. Meyer).
Hirundinidae.
60. Hirundo tahitica frontalis (Quoy & Gaim.).
Pittidae.
61. Pitta mackloti mackloti Temm.
Macrochires.
62. Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Less.).
63. Collocalia esculenta subsp.
64a. Collocalia vanikorensis hirundinacea Stres. 6-ib. Collocalia vanikorensis baru Stres. & Pal.
Caprimulgi.
65. Caprimulgus macrurus yorki Math.
Podargi.
66. Podargus papuensis papuensis Quoy & Gaim.
67. Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaim.
Striges.
68. Ninox dimorpha (Salvad.).
69. Tyto tenebricosa arfaki (Schleg.).
Bucerotes.
70. Rhyticeros plicatus rufioollis VieiU.
Coraciae.
71. Eurystomus orientalis crassirostris Sclater.
Halcyones.
72. Alcyone azurea ochrogaster Rchw.
73. Ceyx lepidus solitarius Temm.
74. Halcyon nigrocyanea quadricolor Oust.
75. Halcyon saurophaga saurophaga Gould.
76. Syma torotoro torotoro Less.
77. Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaim.).
78. Melidora macrorhina jobiensLs Salvad.
NoviTATES ZooLOGicAE XXXVni. 1932. 213
Cuculi.
79. Cacomantis castaneiventris arfakianu.s Salvad.
80. CacomantLs variolosus iiifaustus Cab. & Heine.
81. Centropus menbeki jobiensis Stres. & Pal.
Psittaci.
82. Cacatua galerita triton (Temm.).
83. Probosciger aterrinius stenolophus (v. Oort).
84. Geoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis Salvad.
85. Eclectus roratus pectoralis (Miill.).
86. Lorius lory jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
87. Eos fuscata incondita A. B. Meyer.
88. Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (Linn.).
Accipitres.
89. Spizaetus gurneyi (Gray).
90. HaUastiir Indus girrenera (Vieill.).
91. Henicopernis longicauda fratercnlus Stres. & Pal.
92. Baza subcristata reinwardtii (Miill. & Schleg.).
93. Accipiter novaehollandiae leucosomus (Sharpe).
94. Accipiter meyerianus (Sharpe).
95. Accipiter poliocephalus Gray.
96. Accijjiter cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothsch. & Hart.
97. Falco peregrinus ernesti Sharpe.
98. Falco severus papuanus May. & Wigl.
Gressores.
99. Egretta garzetta nigripes ((Temm.).
100. Butorides striatus moluccarum Hart.
Columbae.
101. PtUinopus super bus super bus (Temm.).
102. PtiUnopus coronulatus geminus Salvad.
103. PtiUnopus iozonus jobiensis Schleg.
104. Ptilinopus aurantiifrons Gray.
105. Ptilinopus perlatus i^erlatus (Temm.).
106. Ptilinopus miqueli Schleg.
107. Ptilinopus musschenbroekii Schleg.
108. Ptiluiopus pectoralis salvadorii Rothsch.
109. Megaloprepia magnifica septentrionalLs A. B. Meyer.
110. Ducula zoeae (Desmar.).
111. Ducula rufigaster uropygialis Stres. & Pal.
112. Ducula pinon jobiensis (Schleg.).
113. Myristicivora spilorrhoa spilorrhoa (Gray).
114. Gymnophaps albertisi albertisi Salvad.
115. Reinwardtoena reinwardti griseotincta Hart.
116. Macropygia amboinensis kerstingi Rchw.
214 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXX\^II. 1932.
117. Macropygia nigrirostris nigrirostris Salvad.
118. Gallicolumba rufigula rufigula (Jacq. & Puch.).
119. Gallicolumba jobiensis A. B. Meyer.
120. Chalcophaps stephani stephaiii Rchb.
121. Henicophaps albifrons Gray.
122. Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L.).
123. Goura victoria victoria (Fraser).
Anseres.
124. Tadorna radjah radjah (Gam.).
Liiuicolae.
125. Esacus magnirostris (VieilL).
Lari.
126. Sterna bergii cristata Steph.
Galli.
127. Megapodius affinis affinis A. B. Meyer.
128. Talegallus jobiensis jobiensis A. B. Meyer.
129. Aepypodius arfakianus Salvad. (?) i
Casuarii.
130. Casuarius iinappendiculatus occipitalis Salvad.
VERZEICHNIS DER ZUGVOGEL.
1. Muscicapa griseosticta Swinh.
2. Motacilla cinerea caspica (Gm.).
3. Merops ornatus Lath.
4. Eurystomus orientalis pacificus (Lath.).
5. Halcyon sancta sancta Vig. & Horsf.
6. Cuculus optatus Gould.
7. Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm.
8. Charadrius dubius curonicus Gm.
9. Actitis hypoleucos (L.).
10. Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.).
ZUR BESIEDLUNGSGESCHICHTE.
Wie schon einleitend bemerkt wurde, ist Japen eine sehr junge Insel und gehort seiner Avifauna nach zur Nordkiiste von Neuguinea. Die Ubereinstim- mung etwa niit dem weiten Flacliland westlich der Mamberano-Miindung ist indessen keine vollkommene. Es fehlen auf Japen viele dort vorkomniende Arten, wie z. B. die folgenden :
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 215
Bis zum Unterlauf des Mamberano verbeeitet, aber auf Japen fehlend.
Macrocorax fuscicapillus. Manucodia ater. Seleucides melanoleucus. Drepanornis bruijni. Melanopyrrhus anais. Lonchura grandis. Lonchura tristissima. Glyoiphila modesta. Pycnopygius ixoides. Pycnopygiiis atictocephalus. Philemon meyeri. Monarcha chrysomela. Monarcha menadensis. Monarcha rubiensis. Rhipidura leucothorax. Poecilodryaa hypoleucus. Todopsis cyanocephalus. Chenorhamphus grayi. Peltops blainvillii. Malurus alboscapulatus. Pomatorhinus isidori. Lalage atrovirens. Tanysiptera hydrocharis. Rhamphomantis raegarhynchus. Eudynamis scolopacea. Centropus bernsteini. Micropsitta pusio. Alisterus amboinensis. Chalcopsitta duyrenbodei. Hieracidea berigora. Megatriorchis doriae. Zonerodius heliosylus. Ducula miilleri. Trugon terrestris. Otidiphaps nobilis.
Dafiir besitzt Japen, dessen waldbedecktes Hiigelland bis etwa 1000 m. aufragt, einige Mittelgebirgsvogel, die dem gegeniiberliegenden Flachland Neuguineas fehlen und erst im kiistenfernen Gebirge wiederkehren, wie zum Beispiel :
Meliphaga montana, Zosterops minor. Pitohui dichrous. Rhipidura hyperythra. Sericornis magnirostris. Cacomantis castaneiventris. Reinwardtoena reinwardti. Aepypodius arfakianus (?).
Ein dritter Unterschied zwischen Neuguinea und Japen wird dadurch hervorgeriifen, dass Japen einige Arten von den alten Inseln der CJeelvinkbai empfing. Das sind zumeist solche Arten, die aus nocli unbekannten oekolo- gischen Ursachen ausschliesslich kleinere Insebi, nicbt aber den Rand grosser Festlandsmassen besiedeln :
216
NOVITATES ZOOLOGKAE XXXVIII. 1932.
C'innjTis nigriscapularis. Monarcha cincrascens. Halcyon saurophaga. Accipiter meyerianus. Ptilinopus miqueli. Ptilinopus musschenbroekii. Megapodius freycinet.
RASSENBILDUNG AUF JAPEN.
Wohl einer der interessantesten Vogel von Japen ist, vom zoogeographischen Standpunkte aiis betrachtet. Cinnyris riigrisccqmlaris. Diese Art ist auf Japen und Miosnom beschrankt und steht deni Cinnyris sericeus sehr nahe, lebt aber auf Japen neben dem letzteren. Eine zweite Art, die nur auf Japen und Miosnom vorkommt, ist PHlirwpu.^ miqueli, abzuleiten von der Gruppe Ptilinopus rivolii. Von diesen beiden Fallen abgesehen, besitzt Japen (mit seinem Trabanten Miosnom) keine endemischen Arten, wenn man nicht aLs eine seiche noch Rhipi- dvra fumosa Sclileg. betrachten will, deren Typus sich aber wahrscheinlich als der junge Vogel einer altbekannten Art erweisen wird. Selbst die Bildung endemischer Rassen ist iiber die Anfiinge meist nicht hinausgekommen und bei sehr vielen Arten noch nicht emmal angedeutet. Wir lassen eine Liste ende- mischer Rassen folgen, die sich alle eng an Rassen der Mamberano-Miindung anschhessen. Am deutlichsten gekennzeichnet sind wohl Pitohiii kirhocephalus jobiensis, Paradisaea minor jobiensis und Sericornis magnirostris jobiensis.
Paradisaea minor jobiensis. Cicinuunis regius coccineifrons. Meliphaga montana steini. Xanthotis chrysotis meyeri. Dicaeum geelvinkianum geelvinkianum. Pitohui kirhocephalus jobiensis. Myiolestes megarh\iichus obscurus. Rhipidura threnothorax nigrivertex. Poecilodryas brachyura albotaeniata. Sericornis magnirostris jobiensis. CoUocalia vanikorensis baru. Centropus menbeki jobiensis. Henicopernis longicauda fraterculus.
SYSTEMATISCHER TEIL. Corvus coronoides orru Bonap. Gesammelt von : Stein.
314. 2.5. II. Serui. ^2- Fl. 322 ; Schw. 167 ; Gew. 610 ; ad.
6.54. 25. III. K. Baroe. ?„. „ 304 ; ., 167 ; „ 500 ; Ju. Kl.
Gynmocorvus tristis (Less. & Garnot). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, GuiUemard, Doherty, Stein.
Fl. 325 ; Schw. 236 ; Gew. 600 ; hell „ 325: .. 235: ., 725 .. 304; ., 225: .. 600 „ 318; ,. 224; „ — „ 319 ; „ 232 ; ,. — .. juv.
315 : ,, 240 : ,, 800 ; dunkcl, Fliigelmauser.
253. Serui. 23. II. 274. ., 24. II. (Jo 304. ., 25. II. cj„
254. .. 23. II. cJo 273. „ 24.11. ?„ 279. ,. 24.11. ?„
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 217
Die auffalligen Farbiingsunterschiede, welche diese Art zeigt, sind bLsher meist, so auch von Salvadori und Rothschild & Hartert, als Unter.schied zwischen jiingeren und alteren Vogehi gedeutet worden, obwohl sohon Wallace {Ibis, 1863, p. 101) sie als Ausdruck der individuellen Variation bezeichnet hatte. Eine Untersuchung von 18 Exemplaren des BerUner Museums hat uns gezeigt, dass die Ansicht von Wallace die richtige ist. Das Alterskleid dieser Krahe variiert also zwischen zwei Extremen. Bei einem ist das ganze Korpergefieder schwarz- lichbraun, auf der Oberseite sogar steUenweise schwarz mit blaulichem MetaU- glanz, und auch Fliigel und Schwanzfedern sind schwarz mit metallischem Reflex (alle Steuerfedern mit Ausnahme der centralen in der SpitzenhiiLfte, besonders an der Innenfahne, schmutzig weiss). Der Schnabel dieser Farbungsphase ist schwarz mit hornfarbenen Schneiden und hornfarbenen Flecken am Unter- schnabel. Diese Farbung wird vertreten durch Nr. 279. Das andere Extrem ist hell mit schmiitzigweissem Kopf, blass graulichbraunen, schmutzigweiss gesaumten Riickenfedern, weisser Kehle, weLssem Bauch und blass rauchbraun getriibter Brust- und Bauchregion. Diese Phase hat diister braune Schwung- und Steuerfedern ohne deutlichen Metallreflex. Sie hat einen gelben Schnabel ohne Melanin. Diese beiden Extreme warden nicht durch eine Serie von Uber- gangen verkniipft, sondern der Gegensatz wird nur dadurch gemildert, dass manche Vertreter der heUen Phase eine leichte Annaherung an den dunklen Typus insofern zeigen, als ihr Oberkopf und Uire Kehle eine ravichbraune Farbe annehmen, die Tonung der Brust etwas dunkler sein und der Schnabel einzehie schwarze Flecke aufweisen kann. Die beiden einzigen mis im Jugendkleid vorHegenden Vogel zeigen den hellen Farbungstyp (Mus. Berlin Nr. 273 und Langemak-Bucht I. 1901). Es ist also moglich, dass auch die im Alterskleid dmiklen Individuen ein helles Jugendkleid durchlaufen, aber wir halten es auch fiJr moglich, dass mis das diuikle Jugendkleid nur noch nicht bekannt geworden ist ; demi die dunkle Phase scheint viel seltener zu sein als die helle. Sie ist unter unserem Material nur vier mal vertreten. — Bei alten Vogeln ist die Iris blau, bei jimgeii weisslich blaii. — Wii' konnen uns dem Vorgehen von Meuiertz- hagen (Nov. Zool. xxxLii, 192(5, jj. 68) welcher die Gattung Gymnocorvus in die Sjrnonymie von Corvus gesteUt hat, nicht anschliessen und erblicken in dem sehr langen Schwanz, der nackten Augenumgebung und der Ernahrungsweise dieser Krahe (sie ist wie Macrocorax em Fruchtfresser) gute Gattungsmerkmale.
Manucodia jobiensis jobiensis Salvad.
Manucodia johiensis Salvadori, Ann. Mns. Civ. Gen. Bd. 7, p. 969 {1875 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, GuiUemard, Doherty, Stein.
|
475. |
600 m. |
10. |
III. |
C?3- |
Fl. 180 ; |
Gew. — |
|
594. |
400 m. |
17. |
III. |
C?3- |
„ 178; |
.. 233 |
|
251. |
Serui. |
25. |
II. |
<J- |
.. 182 : |
., 2.57 |
|
294. |
24. |
II. |
$0- |
,. 171 : |
.. 205 |
|
|
323. |
26. |
II. |
??. |
., 166; |
., 187 |
JUV.
Von dieser guten Art hat Herr Stein eine kleine Serie geschickt. Obgleich die Unterschiede zwischen den Vogehi von der Insel Japen und denen vom Festlande Neu Guuieas ziemlich klein sind, glaube ich doch, dass die Subspecies M. jobiensis rubiensis A. B. Meyer aufrecht erhalten werden muss.
Mageninhalt : Beeren (294).
218
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
Paradisaea minor jobiensis Rothsch.
Paradisea minor jobiensis Rothschild, Bull. B.O.C. Bd. vi, p. 46 (1897— Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bniijn, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
ad.
|
185. |
Serui. |
17. II. |
at- |
Fl. 203 ; |
Gew. 300 |
|
186. |
„ |
17. II. |
cJa- |
,. 203; |
., 293 |
|
317. |
J, |
26. II. |
3,. |
:, 205; |
„ 300 |
|
246. |
,, |
22. II. |
■Ji- |
„ 192; |
„ — |
|
437. |
450 m. |
7. III. |
?i. |
„ 180; |
„ 210 |
|
287. |
Serui. |
24. II. |
cJo- |
„ 189; |
„ 250 |
|
583. |
850 m. |
15. III. |
cJ. |
„ 206; |
„ 240 |
|
187. |
Serui. |
17. II. |
$2- |
„ 169; |
„ 152 |
|
535. |
850 m. |
12. III. |
$1- |
„ 171 ; |
„ 189 |
|
544. |
850 m. |
12. III. |
?!• |
„ 166; |
„ 185 |
|
2989. |
Japen. |
12. VII. |
?o. |
„ 161 ; |
„ — |
Die viel langeren Schmuckfedern sowie die ansehnlichere Grosse fallen sofort ins Auge, sowie die Reinheit der Farbe und Fiille dieser weLss und gelb gemischten Schmuckfedern. Die schone Serie von 10 Exemplaren enthalt leider nur drei alte (?(^ im vollen Prachtkleide, aber die jungen J,^ zeigen interessante Entwick- limgsstadien der Endfahne der mittleren Steuerfedern ; bei dem (J Nr. 583 ist nur eine mittlere Feder vorhanden, aber diese Fader hat die letzten 115 mm. wie erne normale Feder gestaltet, wahrend bei Nr. 246 die Feder aus dem Schaft allein besteht wie bei dem ^ im Prachtkleid. Auch zeigen diese 2 ^^ schon das griine Halsschild. luid die weisse Unterseite ist starker gelb angeflogen als bei den ??. Drei der jiingsten ,S 3 gleichen ganz den ?? im Gefieder.
Mageninhalt : Friichte, einige kleine Insekten (186). rote Friichte (583).
Diphyllodes magnificus chrysopteras Ell.
Diphyllodes specio&us var. chrysopteras ElUot (ex Gould MS.), Mon. Paradis., text to pi. 13 (1873—
Pat. ign.) Diphyllodes jobiensis A. B. Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. ii, p. 388 (1885-^Tobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
402.
369.
570.
448?
545.
481.
373.
410.
509.
457.
352.
376.
586.
499.
4.50 111. 450 ,. 850 „ 450 „ 850 „ 450 „ 450 „ 450 „ 850 „ 450 „ 450 „ 4.50 „ 800 „ Japen.
3. III.
4. III.
14. III.
6. III. 12. III.
9. III.
4. III.
5. III. 12. III.
7. III.
3. III.
4. III.
15. III. 12. III.
0 2' 02- 02- <J2. ^2- (J2.
Sz.
<J2- <J. <J2- 3z- Si- (J.
?o.
Fl. 115 ., 113 „ 115 „ 115 „ 116 „ 111 „ 112 „ 115 ., 117 ., 117 116 119 115 117
Gew. 107 „ 95,2
„ 100,7 „ 97 „ 96,5
„ 106,5 ;
„ 100,2 ,. 95 „ 92,2 ; „ 98 „ 98,5
., 85
Fusse hell preussisch rotblau. „ bleiblau.
juv.
Die schone Serie von 9 SS im Prachtkleide, 4 (J(J im weiblichen Gefieder und 1 $ ad. bestatigt voUig die Kennzeichen der Subspecies. Dass 3 der JcJ im weiblichen Ciefieder schon stark vergrosserte Hoden zeigen, bezeugt, dass dieser Paradiesvogel schon im Jugendkleid briitet ; dass liier auch nur ein ?
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 219
vorliegt, weist darauf hin, dass Diphyllodes wie Cicinnnrus Hohlenbriiter sind, und diese Tatsache zusammen mit der grossen Ahnlichkeit der $5 dieser zwei Gattungen wiirde es erklaren, dass verhaltnismassig so viele Stiicke des Bastards Diphyllodes gjiillelmi-tertii bekannt sind.
Mageninhalt : Friichte von Kirschengrosse (402), Kerne von Friichten (373), Fruchtschalen (410), Beeren (509), 1 Kern und 1 Frucht von Kirschengrosse (352).
Cicinnurus regius coccineifrons RothschOd.
Cicinnurus regiiis coccineifrons Rothschild, Nov. Zool. Bd. 3, p. 10 (1896 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
|
2644. |
Japen. |
13. |
Vll. |
Ja |
|
627. |
K. Baroe. |
22. |
111. |
Sz |
|
612. |
,, |
21. |
111. |
<J2 |
|
614. |
»» |
21. |
III. |
<S2 |
|
640. |
,, |
23. |
III. |
<J2 |
|
605. |
Semi. |
20. |
III. |
cJa |
|
230. |
,, |
20. |
II. |
cJ^ |
|
464. |
450 m. |
8. |
111. |
cJ. |
|
264.5. |
Japen. |
12. |
VII. |
<Jl |
|
326. |
Serui. |
26. |
II. |
(J- |
|
630. |
K. Baroe. |
24. |
III. |
cJi- |
Fl. 101 101 100 102 100 102 102 103 102 101 104
Gew. — 54 54,8 53,2 50,5 58 50,5 54
— Iris hell rotbraun. 59 Fiisse leuchtend blau. 55 ; Jahreskleid.
Diese Subspecies kennzeichnet sich durch die starke ausgedehnte Schnabel- befiederung und auch dadurch, dass Kopf und iibrige Oberseite gleichgefarbt sind. Da nur ein $ sich in der Serie von 1 1 Exemplaren befindet, so miissen die $$ schon mit dem Brutgeschaft befasst gewesen sein, und da C. regius ein Hohlenbriiter ist, so sieht man sie kaum wahrend dieser Zeit. Dies ist wahr- scheinlich die einzige Serie, die von einem Europaer gesammelt wurde mit Ausnahme des Typus, der von Dr. Guillemard geschossen wurde.
Mageninhalt : 1 kirschengrosse Frucht mit Kernen (230).
Ailuroedus buccoides geislerorum A. B. Meyer. Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Mino dumontii violaceus Berlepsch.
Mino dmnontii violaceus Berlepsch, Abh. Senckenb. Nat. Gesellsch. vol. xxxiv, p. 62 (1911 — Kon- stanttnhafen).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
567. 450 ra. 10. III. ^2- Fl- 157 213. Serui. 19. II. So- - 151
Die Vogel von Japen stimmen ganz mit Vogeha von Nord-Neuguinea (Taua, Sepik, Stefansort, Sattelberg) sowohl in Grosse wie in Farbvmg iiberein. 3 Stiick von Manokwari (Stem leg.), also eclite M. d. dumontii, haben dagegen griinlichen statt blaulichen Schimmer, und der Bauch ist etwas heller gelb, ferner sind Fliigel und Schwanz kiirzer : dumontii ^ 141-149 (molaceu.s (J 150-162) bezw. dumontii 65-68-69 {violaceus 66-68-60-70-71-72-73-74-75-76-77). Fliigel- spiegel wie bei violaceus. 4 Stiick von Aru, M. d. aruensis Stres. (ini Frankfurter Mus.) gleichen in Fiirbung und Grosse den Manokwarivogeln, haben aber einen viel kleineren Fliigelspiegel (grosste Ausdehnung des Weiss an der Aussenfahne der — von aussen gerechnet — 6. Handschwinge : 14-18 gegen 24-30 mm).
220
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Aplonis metallicus metallicus (Temm.).
|
Gesammelt von : |
A. B. Meyer, |
Doherty, Stein. |
|||||
|
263. |
Serui. |
24. n. |
Sz- |
Fl. 104 ; |
Schw |
94; |
Gew. 64,7 ; ad. Grosse Flugeldecken in Mauser. |
|
266. |
24. II. |
Si- |
„ 113; |
100; |
„ 62,7; „ |
||
|
264. |
24. II. |
<?2- |
., Ill; |
91; |
.. 67 |
||
|
262. |
24. II. |
<?.- |
„ 109; |
101,5 ; |
,. 63,7 „ |
||
|
240. |
22. II. |
$1- |
., 106; |
95,5; |
.. 61 |
||
|
307. |
26. II. |
So. |
„ 106; |
94,5; |
.. 61,7 „ |
||
|
265. |
24. II. |
?»■ |
., 101 ; |
80; |
„ 58 ; Mauser aus I. Ja. KI. |
Dicruras bracteatus carbonarius Bonap. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
|
183. |
.Seriii. |
7. II. |
<?o. |
Fl. 148,5 ; |
Gew. -^ |
|
|
208. |
19. II. |
<Jo- |
„ 141 ; |
„ 78; |
Jugendkleid. |
|
|
288. |
,, |
24. II. |
"<??" |
„ 146,5; |
„ 75 |
„ |
|
258. |
23. II. |
?.• |
„ 152,5; |
., 84 |
||
|
290. |
,, |
24. II. |
?0- |
„ 147; |
„ 79 |
Grossgefiedermauaer |
Einige Stiicke haben weisse Endflecken an den Axillaren. Ob dies die Jmigen im 2. Jugendkleid sind oder ob es individuelle Variation ist, lasst sich nicht mit Sicherheit sagen.
Myzomela cnientata cruentata A. B. Meyer. Gesammelt von : Stein.
ad.
I. Ja. K.
Ju. K.
Bisher nnr vom Festland Neuguineas bekannt. Das Rot der beiden alten (J (J ist etwas weniger leuchtend al.s das der festlandischen.
|
575. |
850 m. |
14. III. |
<J2. |
Fl. 56,5 ; |
Gew. — |
|
587. |
850 „ |
15. III. |
cJ.. |
„ 55; |
„ — |
|
460. |
450 ,. |
8. III. |
<Jl- |
., 54; |
„ 7,5 |
|
581. |
850 .. |
12. III. |
<Jo- |
,. 55; |
., 8 |
|
473. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
(Jo- |
,. 52; |
,. 6,4 |
|
474. |
450 .. |
9. III. |
?.• |
„ 50,5: |
.. 7 |
|
434. |
450 ., |
7. III. |
$0. |
.. 49,5; |
., 6,7 |
|
449. |
450 „ |
7. III. |
?. |
„ 50; |
„ 6,7 |
Myzomela nigrita nigrita Gray.
Myzomela pliilo Forbes, Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 187'J, p. 266 (1879 — Jobi, Miosnom).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
|
459. |
450 m. |
8. III. |
-A 0 2- |
Fl. 63 ; |
Schw |
43; |
Schn |
18 |
Gew |
12; |
ad. |
|
|
484. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
C?2. |
.. 63; |
,, |
45,5; |
16 |
10,8 |
„ |
|||
|
477. |
600 „ |
9. III. |
Si- |
.. 60; |
40,5; |
.. |
16 |
9,8; |
juv. |
|||
|
574. |
850 „ |
14. III. |
<^I- |
.. 59; |
,, |
41,5; |
., |
17 |
— |
„ |
||
|
469. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
(Jo- |
.. 57,5; |
40; |
■' |
16 |
•• |
10,4 ; |
„; |
Grossgefieder mauser. |
|
|
.•J90. |
800 ., |
5. III. |
Oo- |
.. 56: |
38,5: |
15,; |
> ; |
9,2 |
||||
|
415. |
450 „ |
6. III. |
2„. |
.. 52; |
— |
., |
16 |
9.2 |
||||
|
592. |
850 ,. |
15. III. |
$0- |
.. 51 ; |
34; |
14, |
5; .. |
S.l |
Da die Fliigellangen der Vogel von Jobi, Rubi, Manokwari, Sattelberg imd Aruinseln alle innerhalb der Variationsgrenzen der Sepikvogel liegen, muss man wohl alle diese Populationen M. n. nigrita nennen und M. n. meyeri Salvad. (Sepik, Manokwari) sowie M. n. pluto Forbes (Jobi, Miosnom) als Synonyme betrachten.
Mageninhalt : kleine Insekten (390).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
221
Oew. 12 „ 13,5 „ - (? !). ,. 11
Toxorhamphus iliolophus iliolophus (Salvad.).
Mdilestes iliolophus Salvador!, Ann. Miis. Civ. Gen. vol. vii, p. 951 (1876 — Miosnom).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
532. 850 m. 12. III. cJi- M. 68 ;
525. 850 „ 12. VI. Jo- .. 65,5;
506. 850 ., 12. III. " <J." „ 58 ;
528. 850 .. 12. III. 9„. „ 59,5 ;
Die kleine Serie, die nahezu von der terra typica stammt, stimmt ganz mit drei Stiicken von Junzaing und drei Stiicken vom Sattelberg iiberein.
Toxorhamphus novaeguineae novaeguineae (Lesson). Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
Schn. 26 ; Gew. 13 „ 28; „ 13 „ 26; „ 13,5
„ 23; „ 9,5
.. 23; „ 10,2 ., 23,5 „ —
Die Serie zeigt keine Abweichungen gegeniiber Vogeln von Manokwari, Waigeu, Taua am Mamberano und vom Sepik.
Melilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hart.
Mdilestes megarhynchus stresemanni Hartert, Nov. Zool. xxxvi, p. 45 (1930 — HoUanflia). Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
526. |
850 m. |
12. III. |
62- |
Fl. 68 |
|
626. |
K. Baroe. |
22. III. |
cJi. |
„ 69 |
|
534. |
850 m. |
12. III. |
<?c- |
„ 69 |
|
452. |
450 „ |
7. III. |
?2- |
., 61 |
|
494. |
450 ., |
11. III. |
?o. |
„ 60 |
|
580. |
850 ., |
14. III. |
7, |
„ 63 |
|
593. |
400 m. |
17. III. |
02- |
Fl. 101 |
Gew. 45,4 |
|
601. |
Serui. |
20. III. |
<?!• |
„ 95 |
— |
|
591. |
500 m. |
15. III. |
(Jl- |
„ 97 |
,. 43,5 |
|
609. |
Serui. |
21. III. |
cJ.. |
„ 94 |
— |
|
491. |
450 m. |
10. III. |
<?«■ |
,. 99 |
„ — |
JUV.
VoUig iibereinstimmend mit eiiier Serie vom Sepikgebiet. Man kennt diese Rasse jetzt von Japen und der Nordkiiste Neuguineas zwischen Mamberano und Astrolabebai. Sie folgt dem Mamberano und Sepik wait aufwarts. tjber die Unterschiede zwischen ihr und M. m. megarhynchus siehe unter Waigeu ! Junge stresemanni weichen von jungen megarhynchus noch erhebhcher ab als die Alten voneinander : megarhynchus juv. : Unterseite mit gelbgriinhchen Feder- saumen, Bauch braun, Oberseite ohvbraun ; stresemanni juv. : Unterseite mit weissgrauen Federsaumen, Bauch braungrau, Oberseite graubraim.
Glycichaera fallax sylvia Reichenow. Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
237. |
Serui. |
22. II. |
03- |
Fl. 59 ; |
Gew. — |
|
245. |
22. II. |
(?3- |
„ 58; |
„ 9,3 |
|
|
248. |
,, |
22. II. |
C?2- |
„ 58; |
„ 10,2 |
|
495. |
450 m. |
11. III. |
<Jl- |
,. 57,5; |
„ — |
|
470. |
450 m. |
9. III. |
So. |
„ 55,5; |
„ 10,2 |
|
414. |
450 m. |
6. III. |
<?«. |
„ 53; |
„ 9,5 |
|
■ 606. |
Serui. |
20. III. |
?2. |
„ 53,5; |
„ 5 |
|
607. |
Serui. |
20. III. |
?2. |
„ 54; |
— |
|
492. |
450 m. |
10. III. |
$0- |
„ 54; |
„ — |
|
3 (J(J in Grossgefiedermauser |
Nicht zu unterscheiden von einer Serie vom Sepik und dem Typus von " Sericornis sylvia " Reichenow, Journ. f. Orn. 47, p. 118 (1899 — Friedrich Wil-
222 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
hebnshafen) ; dagegen sind ein ^ von Manokwari (Fliigel 61 mm.) und ein $ vom unteren Menoo (Fliigel 62 mm.), beide von Stein gesammelt, grosser und an Brust und Kehle grauer, weniger gelb.
Meliphaga analoga flavida Stres. & Pal.
Mdiphaga analoga flavida Stresemann & Paludan, Novil. Zoo!, xxxviii, p. 147 (1932 — .Japen). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
<J(J (24. II.-12. III., 14. VII.) Fl. 78--80-81, 5-83-84.
Gew. 20-22,2-24-26,5-28,7. 9? (17. 1I.-7. III., 14. VII.) Fl. 72-74-763-77=.
Gew. 20-21,9-22,3-242-26.
Die Serie aus Japen (Serui und : Hohe von 450-850 m.) stimmt mit einer solchen vom Sepikgebiet iiberein, unterscheidet sich dagegen von einer Serie aus Manokwari dadurch, dass die Unterseite gelblicher, weniger graulich getont ist ; nocli graulicher als diese ist die Population von Waigeu. Die Variante mit weissen Ohrbiischeln (albonotata) findet sich weder in der Serie von Japen, noch in der Serie von Waigeu, diirfte also hier vollig fehlen.
Meliphaga notata sharpei (Rothsch. & Hart.). Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
|
432. |
450 m. |
7. III. |
^2- |
Fl. 94 ; |
Gew. 29 |
|
385. |
450 m. |
5. III. |
6.- |
„ 89; |
„ 26 |
|
332. |
Serui. |
26. II. |
" cJ." |
„ 79; |
„ 24 (? !) |
Ganz wie eine Serie vom Sepik gefarbt, dagegen unterseits gelblicher als erne Serie von Waigeu.
Meliphaga montana steini subsp. nov.
Typus : Si Jobi, 850 ra., 12. Marz 1931. Stein leg. Nr. 508 ; Fl. 87 ; Gew. 27
Gesammelt von : Stein.
Hartert hat in Nov. Zool. xxxvi, 1930, p. 47, die mowtoria-Rasse vom Cyclopen-Gebirge und vom Sepikgebiet als M. m. germanorum von der Arfakform M. m. montana abgetrennt. Er benutzte zum Vergleich 3 Exemplare der letzteren, von denen ims zwei jetzt vorliegen. Es zeigt sich nun, dass eins davon, namlich das ? aus Manokwari, garnicht zu montana gehort, sondern die albonotata- Variante von 31. a. analoga reprasentiert. Das andere Stiick, also die echte M. m. montana, weicht von germanorum nur ausserordentlich wenig ab, vielleicht nur durch etwas weniger gelbolive, mehr griinolive Tonung der Rander der Unterseitenfedern. Weit verschiedener von beiden ist die von Herrn Stein auf Jobi entdeckte Rasse. Sie unterscheidet sich von ihnen durch viel blassere, weniger gelbe Saumung der Unterseitenfedern und durch mehr grihilich olive, weniger gelblich olive Tonung der Oberseite.
Die beiden Arten M. montana und M. analoga sind daran leicht zu unter- scheiden, dass die Innensiiume der Schwungfedern bei 31. montana fahl isabell- braunlich, bei M. analoga fahl isabellgelblich sind.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
223
Xanthotis virescens sonoroides (Gray). Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
173. |
iSerui. |
17. |
<?2. |
Fl. 108 ; Gew. 49 |
||
|
196. |
18. |
Si. |
„ 102; |
, 43; |
||
|
181. |
17. |
$»■ |
„ 107; |
, 39 |
||
|
179. |
17. |
$0- |
„ 103; |
, 39 |
||
|
174. |
17. |
?o. |
„ 105; |
, 36 |
||
|
195. |
18. |
?o. |
„ 109; |
, 37,5 |
||
|
1935. |
10. |
VII. |
(Jo. |
„ — |
— |
Grossgefiedermauser.
Nestling.
tibereinstimmend mit 5 Exemplaren von Waigeu.
Xanthotis chrysotis meyeri Salvad.
Xanthotis meyeri Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. vii, p. 947 {1876 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
(J<J (17. II.-21. III., 14. VII.) Fl. 101-103-104^-105^-1062-1072-108-109,5.
Gew. 43^6^8^9-5P-51. 5-52,2-54. ?$ (23. II.-17. III.) Fl. 94-95-95,52-96-97.
Gew. 37-39-40,5-3.3-44-49. 3 (J<J und 1 9 waren in Fliigelmauser.
Fundorte : K. Baroe, Serui und in einer Hohe von 700 und 8.50 m.
Diese schone Serie zeigt aufs deutlichste, dass X. c. meyeri auf Japen beschrankt ist. Zwischen Mamberano und Astrolabebai lebt die sehr ahnlich gefarbte Rasse pMlemon Stres., welche sich nur dadurch unterscheidet, dass Brust und Bauch braunlicher, weniger grau sind. Die Farbe der Olirbiischel ist bei beiden Rassen gleich. Die von Hartert zu meyeri gestellte Serie, die Dr. Mayr bei Ifaar im Cyclopen-Gebirge gesammelt hat, konnten wir imtersuchen und ihre Zugehorigkeit zu philemon feststellen.
Mageninhalt : In.sektenfliigel (522), zerkleinerte Friichte (456), Samen von Friichten, Fruchtfleisch (300), Beeren und Fruchtileisch (197), Beeren (523).
Philemon novaeguineae jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
Tropidorhynclms jobiensis Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx, p. 113 (1874 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
JUV.
Die Jungen haben nicht aUein olivenfarbige Saume an den Schwingen, sondern auch weLsse Endsaume auf den Riickenfedern und einen weissen Nackeming. Dieser Ring ist selir undeutlich beim ad.
|
170. |
— |
17. |
<J. |
Fl. 155 |
Gew. 179 |
|
|
479. |
450 m. |
9. |
III. |
(J- |
„ 148 |
„ 145 |
|
169. |
Serui. |
17. |
(J. |
„ 148 |
„ 140 |
|
|
269. |
24. |
?. |
„ 152 |
„ — |
||
|
216. |
,, |
19. |
?. |
„ 155 |
„ 155 |
|
|
2885. |
Japen. |
14. |
VII. |
9 |
„ 143 |
„ — |
Cinnyris jugularis frenata (S. Miill.). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, GuiUemard, Doherty, Stem.
196. Serui. 18. II. q,. Fl. 56 ; Gew. 8,3 ; Fliigelmauser. 205. „ 19. II. (Jj. „ 55 ; „ 9,3
Mit Vogehi von Manokwari mid Waigeu tibereinstimmend.
224 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Cinnyris sericea sericea Lesson.
Chalcostetha aspasia var. jobiensis A. B. Meyer, Sitzintgsber. K. Akarl. Wiis. Wien. Ixx, p. 124 (1874 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
180. Serui. 17. II. Ja- Fl. 61 ; Gew. 9
202. „ 19. II. Sf „ 58; „ 8
316. „ 26. II. (J,. „ 58 ; „ 8,2 ; I. Ja. Kl.
461. 250 m. 8. III. ?„. „ 54; „ —
Wir finden keinerlei Unterschied zwischen Exemplaren von Japen einerseits und solchen von Maiiokwari, Mamberano und Sepikgebiet andererseits. Die von A. B. Meyer fiir C. a. var. jobiensis angegebenen Unterschiede vermogen wir ako nicht zu bestatigen, ebensowenig wie schon vor iins Rothschild & Hartert.
Cinnyris nigriscapularis salvadorii Shelley.
Cinnyris salradorii Shelley, Munuyr. Sunliirds, p. lUo, pi. 35 (1877 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Cinnyris nigriscapularis ist eine der C. sericea nahestehende Art, die auf die Inseln Japen und Miosnom beschrankt ist. Man darf wohl annehmen, dass sie sich zunachst als Inselform vom sericea-Stamm abgetrennt hat und infolge lange wahrender IsoUerung Artcharaktere erwarb, bevor C. sericea. zum zweiten Male auf Japen einwanderte. Die Dinge liegen also geradeso wie bei Ptilinopus rivolii und Ptilinopus miqueli.
Dicaeuni geelvinkianum geelvinkianum A. B. Meyer.
Dicaeimi gedvinkianum Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx, p. 120 (1874 — Jobi). Dicaeum jobiense Salvadori, Ann. Mna. Civ. Gen. vol. vii, p. 945 (1876 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
|
220. |
K. Baroe. |
20. II. |
0%. |
Fl. 51 ; |
Gew |
.7,3 |
|
553. |
Serui. |
10. III. |
CJ3- |
., 51 ; |
— |
|
|
341. |
850 m. |
26. II. |
6,. |
„ 50: |
7,5 |
|
|
219. |
Serui. |
20. II. |
0 2- |
.. 51,5 ; |
8 ; Fiiigelmauser. |
|
|
632. |
„ |
24. III. |
?. |
„ 51; |
7 (<J!). „ |
|
|
221. |
20. II. |
,. — ; |
7,1 ; Nestling. |
|||
|
549. |
850 m. |
10. III. |
$1- |
>, 47: |
~ |
|
|
483. |
450 m. |
9. III. |
?»• |
„ 50; |
7,7 |
|
|
Serui. |
26. II. |
?o. |
„ 45,5; |
6,6 |
Die Rasse ist auf Japen beschrankt. tJber die Rassengliederung siehe Stresemann, Arch, filr Naiurgesch. 1923, A. 7, p. 66.
No. 221 : " Juv. von No. 220, wurde gefiittert. Nur kleine Insekten im Magen."
Melanocharis nigra unicolor Salvad.
.Uelanocharis unicolor Salvadori, Ann. JIiis. Civ. Gen. vol. xii, p. 333 (1878 — Jobi). Melanocharis bicolor Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N,S.W. vol. iii, p. 277 (1879 — Goldie River, SO- Neuguinea).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Stein.
|
498. |
600 m. |
10. III. |
<J2- |
Fl. 64; |
Gew. — |
|
|
394. |
— |
5. III. |
62- |
„ 63; |
,. 12 |
|
|
565. |
850 m. |
13. III. |
02- |
„ (61,5); |
.. 12,2 ; |
Fiiigelmauser. |
|
381. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
62- |
„ (62,5); |
.. 12 |
„ |
|
496. |
600 „ |
10. III. |
0%. |
., 64; |
„ — |
|
|
590. |
850 „ |
15. III. |
02- |
., 62,5; |
., 11 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
225
Nach Salvadoris Vorgang wurde bisher der Name unicolor auf die Bewolmer von Japen und Miosnom beschrankt uiid die Population von Neugiiinea als bicolor Ramsay abgetrennt. Es zeigt sich aber jetzt, dass die behaupteten Unterschiede nicht bestehen, denn anch die alten ,^(^ von Japen haben durchweg einen wei.sslichen Fleck an der Innenfahne der ausseren Steuerfedern mid eine weisse Basis der seitlichen Unterschwanzdeckiedern. Hie stimmen mit einer Serie vom Sepik gut iiberein, wenn audi bei Sepikvogehi der weissliche Fleck an der Innenfahne der ausseren Steuerfedern durchschnittlich etwas deutlicher ausgepragt ist als bei der Jajien-Serie. Bicolor Ramsay wird also als Synonym von unicolor Salvadori zu betrachten sein.
Zosterops minor minor A. B. Meyer.
Zosterops alhivenler minor Mej'er, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx, p. 115 (1874: — Jobi). Zosterops aureiguki Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. xii, p. 340 (1878 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Doherty, Stein.
|
560. |
850 m. |
13. III. |
3,- |
Fl. 57 ; |
Gew |
10 |
|
|
380. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
3,. |
„ 55; |
10,5; |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
467. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
6z- |
„ 56; |
10,4 |
,, |
|
|
440. |
450 „ |
7. III. |
<Jo- |
„ 55; |
11 |
||
|
478. |
600 „ |
9. III. |
$2. |
„ 56; |
9,5 |
||
|
3.38. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
?.• |
>. 54; |
10,5 |
Jobi ist die terra typica dieser Rasse, die man jetzt auch vom Cyclopen- gebirge und vom Sepikgebiet kennt. Unsere drei Sepikstiicke stimmen ganz mit denen von Japen Iiberein.
Cracticus cassicus (Bodd.) Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stem.
Serui. 26. II. J^.
3,.
335. 302.
178.
26. II. 25. II. 17. II.
$1-
Fl. 179 ; „ 175; ,. 171 ;
Gew. 165,2 „ 163 ; „ 152
Fliigelmauser.
Cracticus quoyi quoyi (Lesson). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Stein.
177. Serui. 17. II. $2. Fl. 184 ; Gew. 200 295. „ 25. 11. $j. „ 176 ; „ 187
Mageninhalt : Insekten ; grosse Zweifliigler (295) ; Insekten, hauptsachlich Kafer (177).
Pitohui kirhocephalus jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
Rhecles joMensis Meyer, Sitziiiigshtr. K. Ahiil. Wiss. Ilicii. vol. Ixix, p. 205 (1874 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
'. 82 ; Grossgefiedermauser. 81 83 84,2 87 82 87 ; 1. Ja. Kl. (Kehle dunkler, Sclmabel kiirzer).
Dies Lst wohl die ausgepragteste endemische Rasse unter den Vogeln von Japen ; sie bewohnt auch die nahe gelegene Insel Kurudu. Auf dem gegeniiber- 15
|
339. |
Serui. |
26. II. |
<3i. |
Fl. 121 ; |
|
176. |
,, |
17. II. |
o„. |
„ 120; |
|
171. |
,, |
17. II. |
c3o. |
„ 119; |
|
4.55. |
4i50 ra. |
7.111. |
"cJ?" |
„ 117; |
|
226. |
Serui. |
20. II. |
?.• |
„ 122; |
|
399. |
,, |
2. III. |
$0- |
„ 115; |
|
200. |
„ |
19. II. |
?o. |
„ 109; |
226 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1 IKi^.
liegenden Festland wird sie durch die ahnliche, aber viel blassere Rasse meyeri vertreten, welche das Stromgebiet des Maniberaiio mid die Nordkiiste ostwarts bis Takar bewoluit und weiter ostlich diircli die uiilangst beschriebeiie, etwas dunklere Form froteus Hartert [Nova Guinea, Bd. xv, Zoologie, p. 468) ersetzt wird. Letztere reicht ostwarts mindestens bis zuni Cyclopengebirge.
Mageninhalt : Beeren, eiiiige ZweiHvigler (:{.'!!•). Fliigeldeckeii von Kiifern, Fruchtfleisch (176), Beeren (171), Insekten (226), Insekten, darunter Kafer (200).
Pitohui ferrugineus holerythrus (Salvad.).
Rectes holerylhra Salvad., Ann. Mu^. Civ. Gen. vol. xii, p. 474 (1878 — .Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty.
Nach Rothschild & Hartert, Nov. Zool. Bd. x, 1903, p. 97, von P. f. ferru- gineus dadurch unterschieden, dass die rostliche Farbe ober- iind unterseits lebhafter und dunkler ist.
Pitohui dichrous dichrous (Bonap.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
362. |
4.50 m. |
4. III. |
Ol- |
Fl. 1(14 ; Gew. 69 |
|
|
516. |
450 „ |
12. III. |
<?!■ |
„ 107; „ 71,5 |
|
|
409. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
<?.. |
„ 108,5; „ 73; |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
408. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
(?„. |
„ 109; „ 62; |
Jugendkleid. |
Verglichen mit einer Serie vom Sepikgebiet sind diese q,^ von Japen auf Ober- und Unterseite ein klein wenig intensiver rostfarben, aber der Unterschied ist zu gering, um eine Benennung zu rechtfertigen.
Mageninhalt : Kernchen und Fleisch von Beeren (362).
Myiolestes megarhynchus obscurus (A. B. Meyer).
Rectes ohscnra A. B. Meyer, Sttzungsber. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Ixix, p. 390 (1874 — Jobi). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
(J<J (25. II.-13. III.) Fl. 90-942-94,5-95-962-96,5-98,5-100-101.
Gew. 34--34,5-36-36,5-37-37,9-39,5--40,5-tl . $5 (5.-12. III.) Fl. 94-94.5-952-98.
Gew. 34-36.3-36,5-37. 5 (J in Fliigelmauser.
Gesammelt bei Serui und in einer Hohe von 450 bis 850 m.
Diese Rasse ist augenscheinlich auf die Insel Japen beschrankt. Auf dem gegeniiberliegenden Festland, vom Maniberano bis zur Humboldt-Bai, lebt eine Form, die sich von ohscuru.s in der Serie deutlich untersclieidet durch braimhchere, weniger graue Tonung der Unter- und Oberseite und den Namen M. m. hybridus Meise zu tragen hat. Wir konnten 6 Exemplare von hybridus mit 16 Exemplaren von obscurus vergleichen. In der Schnabelfarbung unterscheiden .sich die Geschlechter wie bei der Rasse M. m. maearulrinus Stres. : beini alten q ist der Schnabel ganz schwarz, beun $ und (J juv. ist er diister hornfarben.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
227
Pachycephala gi-iseiceps jobiensis A. B. Meyer.
Pachycephala griseiceps vat. johieft-iisMeyer, Hitziimj^'i'ier. K. Akml. Wiss. Wien, vol. l.xi.x. p. 394 (1874 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
|
422. |
450 m. |
6. III. |
iSi- |
Fl. 82,5 ; G |
ew. 22 |
|
|
435. |
450 „ |
6. III. |
s^. |
,. 83; |
.. 22,2 |
|
|
396. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
cJi- |
., 82; |
„ 21,5 |
|
|
568. |
850 „ |
13. III. |
d'l. |
„ 83; |
„ 25 |
|
|
466. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
(Jo- |
,. 80; |
„ 22,2 |
|
|
576. |
850 „ |
14. III. |
6\. |
„ 83,5; |
„ — |
|
|
.541. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
<Jo- |
,. 82; |
„ 22 |
|
|
577. |
8.50 ,. |
14. III. |
?o- |
„ 80,5; |
„ — |
|
|
416. |
450 ., |
6. III. |
$0- |
., 82; |
„ — |
Fliigelmauser. |
|
423. |
450 „ |
6. III. |
?. |
„ 80; |
„ 22,5 |
1. Ja. Kl. |
Siehe unter Waigeu !
Monarcha guttula (Garnot). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Dolierty, Stein. 638. 23. III. cJj. Fl. 83 ; Gew. 16
Monarcha alecto chalybeocephala (Garnot).
|
Gesammelt |
von : |
A |
B. |
Meyei |
,1 |
eccari, Do^ |
lerty, Stei |
Jl. |
|
203. |
Serui. |
19. |
62 |
Fl. 89,5 ; |
Gew. 24,4 |
|||
|
192. |
18. |
C?2 |
„ 89; |
,. 26; |
Fliigelmauser |
|||
|
204. |
,, |
19. |
cJ. |
„ 90; |
„ 22 |
|||
|
291. |
,, |
24. |
61 |
„ 89; |
„ 25,5 |
,, |
||
|
622. |
K. Baroe. |
22. |
III. |
cJi |
„ 91 ; |
„ 25,8 |
„ |
|
|
334. |
Serui. |
26. |
II. ' |
9 |
" „ 81,5; |
„ 22 |
||
|
182. |
,, |
17. |
?1 |
,. 87; |
„ 22,8 |
|||
|
225. |
„ |
23. |
?0 |
„ 82,5; |
„ 22,7 |
|||
|
198. |
,, |
18. |
$0 |
„ 82,5; |
„ 21 |
Monarcha cinerascens geelvinkiana A. B. Meyer.
Monardui gedvinkianus Meyer, SUziinysber. Ahh. Ges. Isis. Dresden, 1884, p. 23 (1884 — Misori und Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Laglaize.
Diese Art i.st bislier nur von Laglaize gesammelt worclen und zwar bei Ansus auf Japen und auf der Insel Korido, vergl. unsere Bemerkungen unter Numfor.
Arses telescophthalmus insularis (A. B. Meyer).
|
rclia insularis |
Aleyer, |
Silzungs'er |
A'. |
A kail. Wiss. Wien |
vol. Ixix, p. .S95 (1874^Iobi) |
|
Gesammell |
von : |
A. B. Meyer |
, Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein. |
||
|
292. |
Serui. |
24. II. |
<J. |
Fl. 78,5 ; Gew. |
'27,5" (17,5!). |
|
234. |
,, |
22. II. |
^u |
„ 82; |
18 |
|
207. |
„ |
19. II. |
So |
„ 77; |
18 ; Fliigelmauser. |
|
551. |
— |
6. III. |
So |
„ 78; |
17 |
|
214. |
Serui. |
19. II. |
3o |
„ 80; |
19 |
|
472. |
450 in |
9. III. |
•So |
„ 76; |
17,7 ; l..Ja. Kl. |
|
212. |
Serui. |
9. II. |
So |
„ 76; |
16 ; Fliigelmauser. |
|
419. |
450 ni |
6. III. |
So |
„ 76,5; „ |
15,7; 1. Ja. Kl. |
|
236. |
Serui. |
18. II. |
?1 |
„ 74; |
22,2 |
|
285. |
,, |
24. II. |
?1 |
„ 73; |
16 |
|
327. |
,, |
26. II. |
?1 |
„ 79; |
18 |
tJbereinstimmend mit einer Serie aus dem Sepikgebiet.
228 NOVITATES ZOOLOCICAE XXXVIII. I'j:i2
Rhipidura leucophrys melaleuca (Quoy & CJaim.). Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
222. 8eriii. 20. II. ,'.,. Fl. 105 ; Gew. 32 ; Fliigelmauser. 1891. „ 18. II. Vu- ., 100; „ 30
Rhipidura threnothorax nigrivertex subsp. nova. Gesammelt von ; Stein.
519. 850 m. 12. III. J^. Fl. 79 ; Gew. 19.5
Das einzige von Herrn Stein in 850 m. Hohe erbeutete Exemplar unter- scheidet sich von 21 zum Vergleich benutzten Balgen aus venschiedenen Gegenden Neuguineas .sehr scharf diiich die Farbung des Oberkopfes, der nicht braunlich und dem Riicken gleich gefiirbt, sondern von russchwarzer Farbung ist, mit leieht braunlich gefarbten Endsiiumen der Federn. Die weissen Flecken der Brustfedern sind so gross wie bei Arfakvogeln. Wir nehmen an, dass es sich um eine ausgepragte Inselrasse handelt iind dass der Tyjnis von R. fumosa Schlegel, welchen v. Rosenberg auf Japen sammelte, nicht hierher gehort, da die in der Beschreibung angegebene Fliigellange vmd Brustfarbung durchavis nicht auf R. threnothorax passt. Ein anscheinend sich im Jugendkleid befindendes Stiick von R. threnothorax, von Tappenbeck (No. 456) am Ramu gesammelt, ist im wesentlichen wie der adulte Vogel gefarbt und hat die gleichen weissen Brustflecken wie dieser.
Tyjjus : ^ ad. Japen, 12. Miirz 1931, Stein leg. No. 510
Rhipidura fumosa Schlegel.
Rhipidura jHvwsa Schlegel, X«/. Tijdietir. Diirk. vul. iv, p. 42 (1871 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg. Siehe unter Rhipidura threnothorax !
Rhipidura rufiventris gularis (S. Miill.). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
SS (6.-23. III.) Fl. 79-80-82^-87-88-89-91-91,5-92.
Gew. I4-I4,2-14,5-I5--15,2-16-17. jj juv. (7. III.) Fl. 84 ; Gew. 15,2. 9 (4. III.) Fl. 83,5 ; Gew. 18.
1 cJ in Flugelmauser.
Gesammelt in Hohen zwischen 400 und S50 m.
Rhipidura hyperytlira miilleri A. B. Meyer. Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
527. |
850 in. |
12. III. |
L>2- |
Fl. 78 ; |
Gew. 12,5 |
|
510. |
850 „ |
12. 111. |
|J2- |
„ 82,5; |
,. 12 |
|
571. |
850 „ |
14. III. |
(i2- |
„ 80.5; |
„ — |
|
505. |
8.50 „ |
J -> J J J |
„ 80,5 ; |
„ 12,8 |
|
|
520. |
850 „ |
J '7 jjj |
o'l- |
„ 77; |
„ 11.5 |
|
543. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
T2- |
,. 76; |
„ 11,5 |
Ganz wie Sepikvogel.
NOVITATES ZoOLOGlfAE XXXVIIt. l')32. 229
Rhipidura rufldorsa A. B. Meyer.
Rhipidum rufidorsa Meyer, Sitzungsher. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ixx, p. 20(1 (1874 — Rubi. .Tobi). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
364. 450 m. 4. III. ,3".,. Fl. 65 ; Gew. 9,5 425. 450 „ 6. III. cJi. „ 64 ; „ 10 507. 850 „ 12. III. ?„. „ 64 ; „ 9
Mageninhalt : Chitin von Insekten (364, 425).
Muscicapa griseosticta (Swinh.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
340. 26. II. ?„. Fl. 83 ; Gew. 16,1
Zugvogel alls Siidost-Sibirien.
Mageninhalt : Cliitin, Fliigeldecken von Kafern (340), Chitinteile von Insekten (Manokwari 144).
Poecilodi'yas brachyura albotaeniata (A. B. Meyer).
Amaurodrt/as alhotaeniata Meyer, Silziini/s'ier. K. Akad. Whs. Wien, vol. Ixix. p. 498 (1874 — Jobil.
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Stein.
439. 450 m. 7. III. <J„. Fl. 85 ; Gew. 27,5 442. 450 ,. 7. III. (J„. „ 84,5 ; „ 27,3
Die beiden von Stein gesammelten Stiicke bestatigen die Verschiedenheit dieser Rasse, welche nicht schwarzriickig ist wie die im Cyclopen-Gebirge und Sepikgebiet lebende Form duma.si Og. -Grant, sondern einen schwarzUch grauen Riicken besitzt. Bei P. b. brachyura vom Vogelkopf und der Wandammenhalb- insel Lst der Riicken noch heller grau. Die Japen-Form steht also in diesem Fall derjenigen vom Vogelkopf naher als derjenigen vom naheliegenden Festland.
Microeca flavovirescens Gray. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein. 482. 450 m. 9. III. $3. Fl. 83 ; Gew. 17,6
|
546. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
S^. |
„ 84; |
„ 17 |
|
537. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
cJi- |
„ 82; |
„ 18 |
|
521. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
<Jo- |
„ 82; |
„ 16 |
|
386. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
?.. |
„ 76; |
„ 15 |
|
548. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
?o. |
,. 76; |
„ 14 |
|
378. |
450 „ |
4. III. |
9o. |
„ 71,5; |
„ 13,2 |
Ober- und Unterseite etwas gelblicher als bei Waigeuvogeln.
Gerygone chrysogaster chrysogaster Gray. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
|
561. |
850 in. |
13. III. |
6%. |
Fl. 56 ; |
Gew. 8 |
|
.355. |
450 „ |
3. III. |
d%. |
„ 55; |
„ 8,5 |
|
357. |
450 „ |
.3. III. |
Oo- |
„ 56; |
„ 8 |
|
363. |
450 „ |
4. III. |
1. |
„ 54,5; |
„ 8 |
|
453. |
450 „ |
7. III. |
9c- |
„ 52; |
„ 7,3 |
Einen Vergleich mit Exeniplaren von den Aruinseln (terra typica) haben wir nicht anstellen konnen, aber Exemplare vom Sepikgebiet stunmen mit sokhen aus Japen iiberein.
230
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Gerygone magnirostris alfinis A. B. Meyer.
Oerygone aflinis Meyer, Silzungsher. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. Ix.x. p. 117 (1874 — Jobi).
Gesamnielt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari.
Gerygone palpebrosa wahnesi A. B. Meyer.
|
Gesammelt |
von : |
Doherty |
Stein. |
||||
|
468. |
450 m |
. 9. III. |
<J3. |
Fl. 55,5 |
Gew. 8,7 |
||
|
379. |
450 , |
4. III. |
s^. |
„ 54; |
„ 8 |
||
|
562. |
850 „ |
13. III. |
S;- |
„ 52; |
9; |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
566. |
850 ,. |
13. III. |
<?.. |
„ 57; |
— |
||
|
563. |
850 „ |
13. III. |
9^ |
„ 55,5 |
8,5 |
(3 !). |
|
|
427. |
450 , |
6. III. |
cJo- |
„ 54; |
7,7 |
||
|
392. |
500 , |
4. III. |
$0- |
„ 52,5 |
6,9 |
||
|
530. |
850 , |
12. III. |
?o- |
„ 53; |
— |
Fliigelmauser |
|
|
454. |
450 „ |
7. III. |
"5," |
„ 53; |
7,4 |
||
|
564. |
850 , |
13. III. |
?_ |
.. 50; |
8 |
||
|
Todopsis wallacei Gray. |
|||||||
|
Gesammelt |
von : |
Stein. |
|||||
|
536. |
850 m. |
12. III. |
03- |
Fl. 48 ; Gew. 8.5 |
|||
|
476. |
600 „ |
9. III. |
02- |
„ 47; |
„ 8 |
||
|
372. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
<?2. |
„ 49,5; |
„ 8,2 |
||
|
404. |
— |
5. III. |
<?!■ |
„ 49; |
„ 8,2 |
||
|
393. |
400 m. |
4. III. |
" ? ? ■' |
,. 46; |
„ 8 (?!). |
||
|
405. |
— |
5. III. |
^_ |
,. 47; |
„ V,5($!). |
||
|
374. |
450 m. |
4. III. |
?o- |
.. 46,5; |
„ 8 |
Nr. 374, 39.3, iind 405 haben die Kehle nicht rein weiss wie die iibrigen, sondern mit gelbbramilichem Anflug. Vielleicht i.st das ein Kennzeichen des $ gegeniiber dem alten (J. Die Serie ist ununterscheidbar von einer Serie aus dem Sepikgebiet.
Mageninhalt : Chitin von Insekten (374, 476).
Crateroscelis murinus murinus (Sclater). Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
538. 850 m. 11. III.
319. Semi. 26. II.
.552. 850 m. 13. III.
573. 850 m. 14. III.
?o.
Fl. 62 „ 59 „ 54 „ 55
Gew. 15
Ununterscheidbar von Stiicken aus Nord-Neuguinea. Das $ hat den Ober- kopf dem ^J ungefahr gleich gefarbt, im Gegensatz zur Waigeurasse mit deutlicheni Geschlechtsdimorphismus.
Sericomis magnirostris jobiensis subsp. nova. Gesammelt von : Stein.
441.
529. 406. 451. 428. 438. 436. 389. 430. 445.
7. III. 12. III. 7. III. 7. III. 7. III. 7. III. 7. III. 5. III.-
7. nr.
7. Ill,
02-
02-
Jo-
?2- ?0- ?0- $0-
?«■ ?•
Fl. 61,5; „ 60; „ 62,5 ; „ 55,5; „ 56; „ 55,5 ; „ 55; „ 55; „ 55,5 ; ,. 56:
Gew. 13
„ 12,5
„ 13,5
„ 12
„ 12
„ 11,5
„ 11.8
„ 12,6
„ 12.5 ;
.. 12,2
jnv.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 231
Alle in 450 m. Hohe gesammelt.
Sericornis magnirostris war im papHanLschen Gebiet nur von deni Festland Neuguineas bekannt. Herr Stein entdeckte aiif Japen eine Rasse. die der Rasse des Arfakgebirges (8. m. cantans Mayr = arfakiana auct.) nahesteht, aber durch die Farbung der Oberseite, besonders de.s Riickens, abweicht, der weit mehr griinlich oliv, weniger ro.stlich oliv erscheint. S. beccarii cyclopum Hartert ' hat ungefahr dieselbe Farbung der Oberseite wie S. magnirostris jobiensis, unter- scheidet sich aber auffallig durch einen rein weissen oder leicht braunlich gef arbten Strich iiber dem Ziigel und durch ebenso gefarbte Flecke auf dem oberen und unteren Lidrande. Der Oberschnabel ist hei jobiensis schwarz, der Unterschnabel zuweilen gleichfalls schwai-z, zuweilen aber ,sehr dunkel hornfarben. S. in. cantans hat die gleiche Schnaljelfarbung wie jobiensis, wahrend S. b. cyclopum einen viel helleren Ober- und Unterschnabel hat als die beiden anderen Forinen. Auch die Fiisse sind bei S. beccarii cyclopum erhebUch blasser.
Typus : Japen, cJ ad. 7. Marz 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 406.
Im Ju. Kl. sind Kehle, Brust, Korperseiten und Unterschwanzdecken schmutzig rostbraun gefarbt. Die ganze Oberseite ist diister braun ohne Spur von Oliv. Der Schnabel ist tiefschwarz.
Mageninhalt : Insekten (389).
Sericornis spilodera spilodera (Gray). Gesammelt von : Stein.
5(J (3.-7. III.) Fl. 56-,57=-58,5-.59=-59,.5-60..5<-61.
Gew. 10,2=-10,.5'-10,9-1 1-1 1 ,22-1 1 ,5-12,5. $9 (4.-7. III.) Fl. 56= ; Gew. 9,7-10. 2 cjcj in Fliigelmauser.
Gesammelt in Hohen von 450-850 m.
Die $9 haben die Basis der OberkopfFedern heller als die (^ (J, der Endsaum ist schwarz, ziemlich scharf abgesetzt ; der Oberkopf wirkt also mehr gefleckt als beim cj.
Motacilla cinerea caspica (Gm.).
Gesammelt von : Stein.
613. K. Baroe. 21. III. ?. Fl. 82 ; Gew. 18,3
Coracina coeruleogrisea (Gray).
Campephaga strenua .Schlegcl, Xerlerl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 44 (1871 — Jobi und Arfak).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer.
Coracina boyeri boyeri (Gray). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
2.33. Serui. 21. II. J,. Fl. 127 ; Gew. —
348. 450 m. 2. III. Si- •• 123 ; ,. 60
231. Serui. 21. II. (J„. „ 128 ; „ 61
347. 450 m. 2. III. Si- .. 122 ; „ 59 ; juv.
Die Alten befinden sich in Fliigelmauser.
Mageninhalt : Kleine Insekten (233), Fruchtschalen (347), Brei von Friichten und kleinen Kernen (231).
1 Die Griinde, welche uns veranlassen, Sericornis beccarii fur eine von Sericornis magnirostris verschiedene Art anzuaehen, werden wir bei der Bearbeitung der Weyland-Ausbeute des Herrn Stein darlegen.
232
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Coracina papuensis papuensis (Gm.). Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Edolisoma melan melan (Lesson).
Edoliisoma melan tommasonis Rothschild & Hartert, Xov. Zool. vol. x, p. 206 (1903 — .Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
629. K. Baroe. 24. III.
|
.305. |
Serui. |
25. II. |
cJo- |
„ 121; |
93; |
|
343. |
,, |
26. II. |
" <J ? " |
„ 123; |
, 103; |
|
444. |
450 m. |
7. III. |
?_ |
„ 125; |
, 103; |
|
2972. |
— |
12. VII. |
o^. |
,. 124; |
, 101; |
|
1971. |
— |
9. VII. |
10- |
.. 120; |
93; |
Fl. 124 ; Schw. 103 ; Gew. 54,3 ; Fliigelmauser, noch einige
braune Federn. 50,9
55,4 (cJ !). — (cj !) ; Flugelmauser.
Die imtersuchten Exemplare iinterscheiden sich weder durch die Schnabel- form, noch im weibliclien Geschlecht dmch die Fiirbung von einer Serie aus dem Ramu- und Sepikgebiet (darunter 6 $$).
Edolisoma ceramense incertum (A. B. Meyer).
Campephaga incerta Meyer, Sitzungsber. K. Ahad. Wus. Wicn, vol. Ixix, p. 387 {1874 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn.
Hirundo tahitica frontalis (Quoy & Gaim.). Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stein.
209. 19. II. (Jo- FI. 100,5 ; Gew. 14 ; juv.
201. 19. II.
do- ?.
107,5 ;
15
Pitta mackloti mackloti Temm.
|
Gesammelt von : Briiijn, |
Stein. |
||||
|
190. |
Serui |
18. II. |
(Ja |
Fl. 102 ; |
Gew. 88 |
|
313. |
25. II. |
C?2 |
„ 103; |
„ 88,5 |
|
|
312. |
25. II. |
<Sz |
„ 109,5; |
„ 90 |
|
|
345. |
26. II. |
62 |
„ 102,5; |
„ 81 |
|
|
320. |
26. II. |
62 |
„ 106; |
„ 83,8 |
|
|
226. |
20. II. |
<?2 |
„ 101,5; |
„ 78 |
|
|
603. |
20. in. |
01 |
„ 103,5; |
„ — |
Diese Serie gehort zu mackloti und nicht zu habenichti, welche den Fuss des Cyclopengebirges bewohnt.
Hemiprocne mystacea mystacea (Lesson)
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn, Stein.
462. 450 m. 8. III. ?„. Fl. 221 589. 850 „ 15. III. ?„. „ 226
463. 450 „ 8. III. ?o- .. 216
Gew. 81,5
85
Collocalia esculenta subsp. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Stein. Siehe unter Numfor.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC.IE XXXVIII. 1932. 233
Collocalia vanikorensis hirundinacea Stres. Gesamnielt von : Stein. Siehe unter Waigeu.
Collocalia vanikorensis baru Sties. & Pal. Gesammelt von : Stein. Siehe uiiter Waigeu.
Caprimulgus macnmis yorki Math.
Caprimulgiis macnmis yorki Mathews. Stn-. Zool. vol. .xvii. p. 291 (1912— Kap York).
Gesammelt von : Stein.
324. Serui. 2.5. 11. ?. Fl. 178
Diese.s Stiick und drei Exemplare aus Manokwari wiirden mit 1 $ vom Astrolabegebirge imd emem $ von Nord-Queensland (beide im Naturhist. Museum Wien) verglichen, mit denen sie ziemlich genau iibereinstimmen.
Podargus papuensis papuensis Quoy & Gaim. Gesammelt von : Brnijn, Doherty, Stein.
401. 300 m. 3. III. $^. Fl. 277 :
616. K. Baroe. 22. III. $ ? „ 280 :
397. Serui. 2. III. 5,,. „ 277 ;
615. „ 21. III. $2. „ 273 ;
330. „ 26. II. ?,. „ 277: 342. „ 26. II. $1. „ 273;
397 hat Stein als $ etikettiert und ein ganz kleines Ovarium gezeichnet, da aber der Vogel mit den beiden j" J (durch den graulichen Ton des ganzen Feder- kleides) vollig iibereinstimmt, liegt wahrscheinlich ein Irrtum vor. Ein $ ad. von Manokwari, Stem leg. Nr. 663, ist viel grosser : Fl. 304 ; Schw. 292 ; Gew. 375.
Mageninhalt : Insekten, hauptsachlich Schaben (342).
Podargus ocellatus ocellatus Quoy & Gaim. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn, Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty, Stem.
398. 150 m. 2. III. J,. Fl. 195 ; Schw. 165 ; Gew. 201
331. Serui. 26. II. <J,. „ 194: „ 160; „ 206 569. Tiefebene. 14. III. ^,. „ 189; ., 150; ., 110 623. K. Baroe. 22. III. J^. „ 193 ; „ 183 ; „ 156
Unerklarlich ist uns die Langschwanzigkeit von Nr. 623.
Magenmhalt : 1 Heuschrecke (331), Insektenreste (kleine Kafer) (398).
Tyto tenebricosa arfaki (Schleg.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
655. K. Baroe. 23. III. $,. Fl. 280 ; Gew. 675
Mageninhalt : ein Vertreter der Peramelidae.
Schw. 247 ; Gew. 350 352
252 242
255 350
294 300
234 NOVITATES ZoOLOalCAE XXXV'III. 1932.
Ninox dimorpha (Salvad.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
14. VII. oo- Fl. 22.5 ; Schw. 143 ; Fusse, Iria gelb. Wachshaut hellbraunliohgrun. Mageninhalt : Heuschrecken, 1 Eidech.se.
Merops omatus Latli. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
595. 17. III. cJi. Fl. 108,5 ; Gew. 261 ; Flugelmauser. Zugvogel aus Australien.
Rhyticeros plicatus ruficollis (Vieill). Gesammelt von : Bniijn, Stein.
297. Serui. 25. II. oi- F'- 119 ; f'^-'w. 1925 ; Schnabel oline Wiilste. 2971. ,. 14. VII. 3,. „ 458 ; „ — „ mit 4
Im Zool. Mus. BerHn befinden sich weiter folgende Exemplare : 2 Neuguinea Fliigel 430-449, 1 Malu 410, 3 Taua 416-417-421, 1 Herbertshohe 410 mm. No. 297 1 scheint also ein Riese zu sein 1
Mageninhalt : Friichte mit pflaumengrossen Kernen.
" 1 Exemplar in Wangar erlegt, als es am Boden nach Krabben suchte, Scherenreste im Schlund."
Eurystomus orientalis crassirostxis Sclater. Gesammelt von : Stein.
|
610. |
K. Baroe. |
21. III. |
Ol- |
Fl. 201,5; |
Gew. 196 ; |
Flugelmauser. |
|
513. |
450 m. |
12. III. |
Ol- |
„ 203; |
„ 110 |
„ |
|
625. |
K. Baroe. |
22. III. |
0 ? |
„ 203; |
„ 165 |
„ |
Oberkopf, Nacken, Interscapulium schwarzlicher, weniger griinschwarz als bei Vogeln vom Sattelberg und aus Neupommern ; vieUeicht zur Rasse imigiou- ensis gehorig, doch konnten wir keine Exemplare von Waigeu vergleichen.
Eurystomus orientalis pacificus (Lath.).
Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Doherty. Zugvogel aus Australien.
Alcyone azurea ochrogaster Rchw. Gesammelt von : Beccari, Stein.
249. Serui. 22. II. ,5„. Fl. 72 ; Gew. 35
250. „ 22. II. ?,. „ 75,5 ; „ 39,5
Unterseite ebenso hell wie bei Vogeln vom Mamberano und Sepik. — " Lebt an Bachen wie Alcedo " (Stein).
Mageninhalt : 1 Fisch (Mamberano 101).
NOVITATES ZoOLOGIfAE XXXVIII. 1932. 235
Ceyx lepidus solitaxius Temm. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
631. K. Baroe. 24. III. J„. Fl. .52
493. 450 m. 10. III. ?„. „ 54,5
370. 450 m. 4. III. ?. „ (53)
556. 400 m. 13. III. ?„. „ 55
Gew. 13
16,5 16
Siehe iinter Waigeu
Halcyon nigrocyanea quadricolor (Oust).
Cyanalcyon qtiadricolor Oustalet. Le XaliiralisU', p. 323 (18SU — Geelvinkbai).
Ge.sammelt von : Bruijn.
Guillemard (Proc. Zool. Soc. Land. 1885, pp. 626-627) erhielt durch Bruijn drei bei Ansu.s gesammelte (^^, von denen ein.s ganz wie nigrocyanea, ein zweitea ganz wie quadricolor gefarbt waren, walirend das dritte zwischen beiden Extremen vermittelte, indem es einen blauen Bauch mit einzelnen zerstreut stehenden rostbraunen Federn besass. Japen gehort also wohl zum Ubergangsgebiet zwischen nigrocyanea und quadricolor, ebenso wie das Miindungsgebiet des Wanggarflusses, woriiber wir spiiter berichten werden.
Halcyon saiu'ophaga saurophaga Gould.
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Doheitj'. Siehe unter Waigeu !
Halcyon sancta sancta Vig. & Horsf.
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn, Doherty. Zugvogel aus AustraUen.
Syma torotoro torotoro Lesson. Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
2529. 200 m. 14. VII. ^Ji- Fl. 79
2530. Japen. 14. VII. iJi- „ 77
Ganz mit Vogeln aus Waigeu iibereinstimmend.
Sauromarptis gaudichaud (Quoy & Gaim.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein. 315. Serui. 26. II. ^„. Fl. 137,5 ; Gew. 127
322. ,, 26.11. (Jj. ,, 137; ,, 133; Schwarze Saume an Brust- und Halsrlngfedern. 329. „ 26. II. ?„. „ 143 ; „ 170 ; Kleingefiedermauser.
Siehe miter Waigeu.
Melidora macrorhina jobiensis Salvad.
Melidora jobiensis Salvadori. Om. Pap. i, p. 502 (1880 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
620. K. Baroe. 22. III. (J„. Fl. 115; Gew. 1 10 ; juv. 617. Serui. 22. III. Jj. „ 122,5 ; „ 109
343. „ 26. II. ?,. „ 126; „ 122
617 hat Andeutung von blauen Federsaumen am Oberkopf. Siehe unter Waigeu.
236 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Cuculus optatus Gould.
Gesamnielt von : A. B. Meyer.
Zugvogel aus dem palaearktischen Asian.
Cacomantis castaneiventris arfakianus Salvad. Gesammelt von : Stein.
223. Serui. 20. II. S^. Fl. Ill ; Sohw. 121,5 ; Gew. 32 ; Fliigelmauser.
624. K. Baroe. 22. III. ?„. „ 110,5; „ 121; „ 31,5
Cacomantis castaneiventris scheint auf Neuguinea in zwei Rassen zu zerfallen, die sich lediglich durch die Grosse unterscheiden. Die grossere, C. c. weiskei Rchw., mit Fl. von 114^120 bewohnt die Gebirge von SO-Neuguinea und das Saruwagedgebirge, die kleinere mit Fl. 109-1 Ifi schliesst sich westlich an und bewohnt auch Jobi. Ihr gebiihit der Name C. c. arfakianus Salvad. Farbungs- unterschiede scheinen nicht zu bestehen, wenigstens trifft man im Schneegebirge (Utakwa-River) und Arfakgebirge (Siwi) Exemplare an, die mindestens so dunkel sind wie die dunkelsten weiskei, und neben hclleren leben.
Fine Verschiedenheit zwischen Gebirgs- und Flachlandsvogeln, wie von Og.-Grant und Hartert (1925) vermutet wurde, scheint nicht zu bestehen.
Die Geschlechter imterscheiden sich anscheinend dadm-ch, dass das (J auf der Oberseite bliiulicher, weniger griinlich schillert als das ?. Die Jungen scheinen dem $ ad. zu gleichen.
Cacomantis variolosus infaustus Cab. & Heine. Gesammelt von : Stein.
581. 200 m. 18. III. (J,. Fl. 120 ; Schw. 105 ; Gew. 29
465. 250 m. 7. UI. <Ji. „ 114; „ 106; „ 33
619. K. Baroe. 22. III. 3,. ,. 122; „ 110.5; „ 29,5
600. Serui. 18. III. Si- ,. 120,5; „ 116.5; „ 31,1
599. 200 m. 18. III. cJi- „ 117,5; „ 107; „ 28,7
604. Serui. 20. III. <Ji. „ 121,5; „ 110,5; „ 33
Alit Vogeln von Neuguinea mid Waigeu iibereinstimmend.
Centropus menbeki jobiensis subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
|
268. |
Serui. |
24. |
Cj2. |
Fl. 227 ; |
Gew. 500 |
|
|
338. |
„ |
26. |
31. |
„ 234; |
,. 500 |
|
|
346. |
,, |
26. |
$1- |
„ 223 ; |
„ 450 |
|
|
308. |
,. |
25. |
?o. |
., 217; |
„ 391 ; juv. |
|
|
656. |
,, |
15. |
III. |
?0- |
„ 220; |
„ 553 (Mageninhalt 50 |
Oberseite mit blauem Schiller und nur schmalen griinlich schillernden Federsiiumen. Auch Brust mit griinblauem statt wie bei G. m. menbeki mit griinem Schiller. Schnabel kiirzer als bei Neugumeavogeln. 1 Sepikvogel nahert sich den Jobivogeln durch seinen blaulichgriinen Schiller.
Typus : .^ Jobi, 24. Februar 1931, Stein leg. Nr. 268.
Mageninhalt : Gefiillt mit grossen Heuschreckcn (268), grosse Heuschrecken (338, 346), meist Heuschrecken, auch Fliigeldecken von Kafern (308), 1 Frosch, Heuschrecken (656).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 237
Kakatoe galerita triton (Temm.). Gesanimelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccaii, Doheity, Stein.
|
2985. |
8. VII. |
cJi- |
Fl. 310 |
|
2979. |
8. VII. |
<?.• |
„ 298 |
|
2977. |
8. VII. |
?»• |
„ 326 |
Probosciger aterrimus stenolophus (v. Oort). Gesammelt von ; A. B. Meyer, Beccari.
Geoffroyus geoffroyi jobiensis Salvad.
Geoffroyus jobiensis Salvador!, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. Bd. x, p. 30 (1877 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn. Guillemard, Dolierty, Stein.
2854. Japen. 6. VII. S^- Fl- 1"1 ; ad.
2853. ,, 14. VII. (Ji. ,, 174 ; ,, Iris weissUch griin. Fiisse graugriin.
252. Serui. 23. II. cJ„. „ 168; „
637. K. Baroe. 23. III. ?. „ 161
Das $ hat den Oberkopf fast ganz griin. Mageninhalt ; Kleine Samen (252).
Eclectus roratus pectoralis (Miill.).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein.
235. Serui. 22. II. Si- Fl- 253 ; Gew. 348 309. „ 25. II. cJ,. „ 247 ; „ 348 647. „ 26. 11. <J„. „ 255 ; „ 368
Es befinden sich nur 3 ^ J in der Samnilung, alle von Seroei, wohl weil die 9$ mit dem Brutgeschaft beschiiftigt waren.
Lorius lory jobiensis (A. B. Meyer).
is A. B. Meyer, Sit-.nngsh. K. Akad. Wiss. Witin^
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
DumiceUa lori var. jobiensis A. B. Meyer, Sitriinijsh. K. Akad. Wiss. Wim, Bd. Ixx. pp. 229, 231, 233 (1874^obi).
|
501. |
8.50 m. |
12. |
III. |
<?- |
Fl. 171 ; |
Gew. 175 |
|
2967. |
Japen. |
1. |
VII. |
Sx- |
„ 171 ; |
„ ^ |
|
540. |
850 m. |
12. |
III. |
•Si- |
„ 170; |
^_ — |
|
215. |
Serui. |
19. |
II. |
3,- |
„ 170; |
', 234 |
|
228: |
,, |
20. |
II. |
cJo- |
„ 163; |
„ 207 |
|
503. |
850 m. |
12. |
III. |
?2. |
„ 162; |
„ 155 |
|
199. |
Serui. |
19. |
II. |
5o. |
„ 155; |
„ 202 |
|
2932. |
Japen. |
13. |
VII. |
?o- |
.. 161 ; |
„ — |
Drei ausgefarbte (J^?, ein jiingeres ^ und zwei ausgefiirbte $$ befinden sich in der Sammlung. Das jungere ^ hat die roten Flanken rait Blau gemischt und das Rot dieser Flanken diisterer.
238 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
Eos fuscata incondita A. B. Meyer. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
|
512. |
850 m. |
1 0 T T T |
^1- |
Fl. 178 ; |
Gew. — ; |
Fliigelmauser |
|
518. |
850 ,. |
12 III |
cJi- |
„ 165; |
„ — |
,, |
|
515. |
850 ,. |
12. III. |
So- |
„ 164; |
„ 75 |
|
|
514. |
850 „ |
12 III |
?0- |
„ 157; |
„ — |
|
|
517. |
850 „ |
12 III |
?0- |
„ 159; |
„ — |
Die Art Eos fuscaia scheint auf den ersten Blick ganz klar und leicht zu behandeln ; aber bei niiherer Untersuchung verschwindet diese Klailieit, und es ist schwer zu entscheiden, ob alle Stiicke einer und derselben Form angelioren, Oder ob sie in mehrere lokale Subspecies geteUt werden miissen. Dr. A. B. Meyer (Sitzungsb. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien. Bd. Ixx, p. 236, 1874) und Salvadori {Orn. Pap. i, p. 265, 1880) haben schon gesagt, dass die Exemplare von Jobi grosser waren imd lebhaftere Farbung hatten. Ferner liat Dr. A. B. Meyer, in Zeitschr. ges. Ornithologie, iii, p. 6, Tab. I, Fig. 2, den Namen Eos incotidita den Exeraplaren aus S.O.-Neuguinea imd Jobi gegeben. Dr. Hartert hat diesen Namen subspeci- fisch angenommen in seiner Neu-Guinea Arbeit iiber die Sammhing von Dr. Ernst Mayr (Nov. Zool. vol. xxxvi, pp. 27-128, 1930), aber in der gemeinsamen Arbeit " Notes on Papuan Birds " (Nov. Zool. vol. viii, p. 65, 1901) stimmte er damals mit mir iiberein, dass kerne Fornien abgetrennt werden konnten. Die erste Schwierigkeit stellt sich sofort ein mit dem Namen Eos fuscata : Blyth hat einen fundortslosen Vogel beschrieben und daher ist es nicht moglich zu sagen, welches Wohngebiet die typische Form haben soUte, wenn man die Art definitiv in Unterarten teUt. Ich werde aber, glaube ich, recht handeln, wenn ich das zweite Zitat nur in Betracht ziehe und G. R. Gray's Fundort " Dorey " = " Manokwari " als typische Localitat annehme. Ich habe bei der Bearbeitung von Stein's Serien aus Jappen (Jobi) und Manokwari im ganzen 88 Stiicke verglichen und Fliigelmaasse gepriift, 76 aus dem Tring Museum, und 12 von Stein. Sie stamnien aus den folgenden Fundorten :
Dorey— Manokwari, 3 cJcJ, 5 ??, 1 ? ; Arfak, 1 <;J, 1 ? ; Andai, 1 <^ ; Sorong, 1 $ ; Ifaar, Humboldt Bay, 1 (J, 1 $ ; Cyclops Mts., 1 c?> 1 ? ; Simbang, 1 (5, 1 $ ; Constantin-Hafen, 1 $, 1 ? ; Fried. Wilhelms-Hafen, 1 $ ; Stephansort, 3 (?(?, 1 ? ; Upper Setekwa River, 1 ^ ; Snow Mts., 4 ^S, 2 ?? ; Mt. Goliath, 7 (J(^, 2 ?? ; British New Guinea (Anthony), 1 (^, 1 § ; Nicura, British New Guinea, 1 ? ; Mt. Cameron, Queen Stanley Range, 4 (J(J, 2 $$ ; Owgarra, Anga- bunga River, 1 <J, 1 ? ; Brown River, British New Guinea, 1 ? ; Avera, Aroa River, 3 (J(J, 2 $? ; Biliagi, Mambare River, 1 (J, 2 $$ ; Kumusi River, 3 t?c?, 3 ?? ; Hydrographer Mts. 3 SS, * ?? ; Jobi Island, 3 ^^, 4 $$ ; Ron Island,
Die Fliigelmaasse sind wie folgt : 46 .^^J, 142-167 mm. ; 36 ??, 140-165 mm. ; 5 ? 145-167 mm. Das erne Stiick von 144 stamnit aus Arfak, das zweite vom Kumusi River ; das eine Exemplar mit Fliigel 167 ist aus Jobi, das andere vom Brown River. Diese Maasse beweisen, glaube ich, dass die Grosse zu stark variiert, um als giiltiges Rassenmerkmal gebraucht zu werden, aber zusammen mit der Farbung konnen wir zwei Lokalrassen aufstellen :
Eos fuscata fuscata : Berau Halbinsel ; diisterer, Fliigel 140-152 mm.
Eos fuscata incojidita : tjbriges Neuguinea und Insehi der Geelvinkbai, leuchtender gefarbt, Fliigel 144-167 mm.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 239
1. Eos fuscnta fuscala Blyth. Eosfuscala Blyth, Proc. As. Soc. Bengal. 1858, p. 279, Hab. ?
Von der typisohen Rasse hat Dr. Stein 7 St tick aus Manokwari — Doiey geschickt. Davon sind 5 rot und 2 gelb gezeiclmet ; die jungen, sowie die alten Exemplare zeigen deutlich die diistere Farbung, besonders auf Kopf und Riicken. Ein (J, 2 5$ rot und das gelbe 5 sind vollig ausgefarbt. (J (J 142, 145-152 mm. ; ?? 140, 142, 143, 150 mm. Fundort Manokwari— Dorey, 10.-13. Febr. 1931.
2. Eos fuscata incondita Meyer. Eos incondita A. B. Meyer, Zeitschr. ges. Ornitli. iii, p. 6, T. I (1886 — S.O.-Neuguinea und Jobi).
In der Sammlung befinden sich 5 Exemplare, 3 ausgefarbte und 2 jiingere Stiicke, alle von der roten Phase. Alle fiinf Balge zeigen die leuchtenden Farben und durchschnittlich grossere Fliigelmaasse der Subspecies.
Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (Linn.).
Psittacus haematodus (abbr.) Linnaeus, Mantissa Planlarum, p. 524 (1771 — Amboina).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
232. Serui. 21. 11. <J„. Fl. 145 ; Gew. 1.33 193. „ 18. II. $3. „ 143; „ 146
502. 850 m. 12. III. $„. „ 139 ; „ 50
Mageninhalt : Viele kleine weisse Larven (193).
Spizaetus gumeyi (Gray). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Stein.
2994. 14. VII. ?„. Fl. 504
Haliastur Indus girrenera (VicilL). Gesammelt von : Stein.
653. K. Baroe. 22. III. Si- Fl- 344 ; Gew. 365
Henicopernis longicauda fraterculus subsp. nov.
Gesammelt von : Stein.
298. Serui. 25. II. Si- Fl. 382 ; Gew. 447 ; Fliigelmauser 652. „ 24. III. ?. „ 356 ; „ — ; " juv. ? "
298. " Wachshaut hellblaugrau, Schnabel bleifarben, Firste und Spitze des Oberschnabels braunschwarz, Fiisse weisslich gelbgriin."
Das von Stein als $ juv. bezeichnete Exemplar unterscheidet sicli voni zweiten offenbar adultus dadurch, dass die grauen Querbander heller und die weissen Federsainne am Oberkopf und Nacken breiter sind. Ebenso gefarbt ist ein anscheinend junges i^ von der Bismarck-Ebene, allerdings hat dieses Stiick eine Fliigellange von 375 mm., ist also bedeutend grosser als der junge Vogel aus Japen. Ebenso iibertreffen alle Vogel vom Festland Neu'guineas das adulte q von Japen ; bei einer Serie von Deutsch-Neuguinea und vom Weyland-Gebirge messen wir :
S ad. 419 ; S juv. 375 ; $ 419, 421, 422, 438 mm.
Wir glauben daher, eine Japen-Rasse abtrennen zu diirfen, die sich tlurch kleinen Wuchs auszeichnet.
240 NO-PITATES ZOOLOGK-AE XXXVIII. 1932.
Typus : <? ad. Serui, Japen, 25 II., No. 298.
Verbreitung : Japen.
Mageninhalt : 1 Eidechse und grosse Heuschreckeii (298).
Baza subcristata reinwartii (Miill. & Schleg.). Gesammelt von : Stein.
301. Serui. 25. II. <?,. Fl. 312 ; Gew. 286 ; ad.
644. K. Baroe. 25. III. ?„. „ 298 ; „ 205 ; juv.
Qiierbanderung nicht so breit irnd deutlich wie bei einem Stiick von Stephans- ort. " Fiisse weissgelb, Wachshant iind Oljerschnabel schwarzgrau, Unter- schiiabel blaugrau."
Falco peregTinus ernesti Sliarpe. Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Falco severus papuanus Meyer & Wigl. Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Accipiter novaehollandiae leucosomus (Sharpe).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Stein.
ad. ; " Waclishaiit und Fiisse griingelb " I. Ju. Kl. " Wachshaut gelb, Schiiabel schwarz
Fiisse gelblich " juv. mit einzelnen ad. Federn I. Ju. Kl.
.. "' Waclisliaut, Fiisse gelblich " juv. " Wachshaut, Fiisse gelb, Schnabel
schwarz "
«
,, " Wachshaut, Fiisse gelb " Von Japen scheinen weisse Individuen nicht bekannt geworden zu sein. Die jungen $$ variieren sehr, die breiten Querbander sind bald sehwarzbraun, bald tnelir rotbraun (Numfor 955). Die Grundfarbe ist bald reinweiss, bald gelblich- brami. Die beiden ad. sind auch nicht ganz gleich : (iOG ist deutlicher gebandert als 241.
Accipiter meyerianus (Sharpe).
Astiir metjerianus Sharpe, Jouni. Linn. Sor. Liiml. vol. .\iii. p. 458, pi. 22 (1877 — .lobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer.
Seitdem A. B. Meyer den Typus dieser Art, ein ausgefarbtes altes (J, bei Ansus sammelte (vgl. Stresemann, J.f. O. 1924, p. 442), ist dieser interessante Vogel nie wieder auf Japen angetrofien worden.
Accipiter poliocephalus Gray.
Gesammelt von '; Bruijn, Bernstein, Stein.
juv. " Waclishaut, Fiisse rot-gelb " ad. " Waclishaut, Fiisse gelb-rot '*
., Fliigelniauser juv. " Wachshaut, Fiisse rot, Schnabel schwarz " ,, " Wachshaut, Fiisse rot-gelb " „ " Waclishaut, Fiisse gelb-griin "
|
628. |
K. Baroe. |
23. III. |
cJ.- |
Fl. 209 ; |
Gew. 204 |
|
272. |
Serui. |
23. 11. |
(Jo- |
„ 208; |
„ 225 |
|
650. |
28. III. |
?.• |
„ 233; |
„ 300 |
|
|
608. |
K. Baroe. |
21. III. |
So- |
„ 237; |
„ 300 |
|
241. |
Serui. |
22. II. |
9o- |
,. 242; |
„ 3.50 |
|
242. |
" |
22. II. |
?0- |
,. 241; |
„ 350 |
|
271. |
»» |
26. II. |
?? |
„ 234; |
,. 375 |
|
618. |
K. Baroe. |
22. III. |
o tO- |
.. 242; |
„ — |
|
621. |
23. III. |
cJi- |
FI. 195 ; |
Gew. 178 |
|
311. |
25. II. |
?.- |
„ 224; |
„ 254 |
|
568. |
14. III. |
$1- |
„ 217; |
„ — |
|
275. |
24. II. |
?i- |
„ 208; |
„ 225 |
|
645. |
28. III. |
?0- |
„ 223,5; |
„ 195 |
|
646. |
27. III. |
?0- |
„ 214; |
„ 205 |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Accipiter cirrhocephalus papuanus Rothsch. & Hart. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer.
241
Egretta garzetta nigripes (Temm.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg ?
Butorides striatus moluccarum Hartert. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stein.
306. Serui. 25. II. ?,. Fl. 178
Siehe unter Waigeu !
Ptilinopus superbus superbus (Tenuu.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Doherty, Stein. 582. 800 m. 15. III. ^3. Fl. 125 ; Gew. —
|
278. |
Serui. |
24. II. |
(J2- |
, 128,5; |
, 121 |
|
|
353. |
450 m. |
3. III. |
(Ja. |
, 130; |
, 124 |
|
|
504. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
?3. |
, 121,5; |
, 133 |
|
|
500. |
850 „ |
12. III. |
$3. |
, 135; |
— |
|
|
403. |
450 „ |
3. III. |
$2. |
, 125; |
, 104,7 |
|
|
584. |
850 „ |
15. III. |
?!• |
, 124,5; |
, 94; |
Fliigelmauser |
Siehe miter Waigeu !
Ptilinopus coronulatus geminus Salvad.
Ptilinopus gemimis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. vol. vii, p. 787 (1875 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn, Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty, Stein.
|
238. |
Serui. |
22. II. |
(J2- |
Fl. 106,5 ; |
Gew |
77 |
|
|
377. |
450 m. |
4. III. |
Sx- |
,. 108; |
77,2 |
||
|
490. |
450 m. |
10. III. |
iv |
„ 110,5; |
77 |
||
|
259. |
Serui. |
23. II. |
Sx- |
„ 105; |
72 |
||
|
588. |
850 m. |
15. III. |
cJi- |
„ 108; |
— |
||
|
206. |
Serui. |
19. II. |
?3. |
„ 100; |
68 |
||
|
229. |
„ |
20. II. |
?o. |
„ 103; |
61 ; |
Fliigelmauser. |
Bewolmt auch die Kiiste Neu-Guineas zwischen Humboldt-Bai und Siidspitze der Geelvinkbai.
Mageninhalt : 1 Beere, Kerne von PfeSerkorngrosse im Darmtrakt (229).
Ptilinopus iozonus jobiensis Schlegel.
Ptilinopus humeralis jobiensis Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bus, vol. iv. Columhae, p. 16 (1873 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
267. Serui. 24. II. (Jj. Fl. 115; Gew. 131
303. „ 25. II. (J2. „ 110,5; „ 91
267. „ 23. II. (J,. „ 116; „ 128
539. 850 m. 12. III. Si- .. 116; „ — FlUgelmauser
tibereinstimmend mit Vogeln vom Mamberano und Sepik. Mageninhalt : Fruchtfleisch ohne Samen (267), Magen leer (303), Friichte mit linsenartigen Samen, auch im Trakt (257). 16
242 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Ptilinopus aurantiifrons Gray. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Doherty.
Ptilinopus perlatus perlatus (Teinm.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Doherty, Stein.
244. Serui. 22. II. (J„. Fl. 161 ; Gew. 26.3
Von van Heurn am unteren Mamberano gesammelt, vergl. Hartert, Nova Guinea, xv, Zool. p. 443 (1932).
Mageninhalt : Fruchtfleisch ohne Kerne.
Ptilinopus miqueli Schlegel.
Ptilinopus miqueli Schlegel, A'ederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 22 (1871 — Miosnom. Jobi).
Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
365. 450 m. 4. III. Si- FI. 128 ; Gew. 127,2 486. 450 „ 10. III. (J,. „ 122,5 ; „ 128
Diese Art, die auf Japen und Miosnom beschrankt ist, ist der rwoZw-Gruppe sehr nahe verwandt, hat sich aber so weit difEerenziert, dass man sie wohl aLs Art behandeln muss.
Ptilinopus musschenbroekii Schlegel.
Plilojms musschenbroekii Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 23 (1871 — Nuinfor, Miosnom, Soek).
Gesammelt von : Doherty. Siehe imter Numfor.
Ptilinopus pectoralis salvadorii Rothsch.
Ptilopus salvadorii Rothschild, Bull. Brit. Orn. Club, vol. iii, p. 10 (1892 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stem.
412. 6. III. ^1. Fl. 114; Gew. 121
Diese Rasse ist nicht auf Japen beschrankt, sondern scheint an der gegen- iiberliegenden Kiiste von Neuguinea eine weitere Verbreitmig zu besitzen. E. Mayr sammelte sie an der Humboldt-Bai.
Megaloprepia magnifica septentrionalis A. B. Meyer. Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
579. 850 m. 14. III. <J„. Fl. 173,5 ; Gew. 153
260. Serui. 22. II. Si- ., 166; „ 179
280. „ 25. II. Si- .. 166; „ 199,5
299. „ 25. II. Si- „ 167; „ 209; Flugelmauser
Unterschwanzdecken nur schwach griinlich.
Ducula zoeae (Desmarest). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stem.
Gew. 625
„ 575
|
270. |
Serui. |
24. |
II. |
02- |
Fl. 217; |
|
485. |
450 m. |
10. |
III. |
02- |
„ 217; |
|
276. |
Serui. |
24. |
II. |
cJz- |
„ 223; |
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 243
Unterschwanzdecken mit schmaleren hellen Saumen als hei Vogeln vom Festland.
Mageninhalt : Fruchtschalen (270).
Ducula rufigaster uropygialis subsp. nov. Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
293. Semi. 24. II. ^j. Fl. 191 ; Gew. 400
Schon Salvador!, Orn. Pap. iii, p. 99, hat die Unterschiede klar erkannt, welche die auf Japen lebenden Vogel gegeniiber der NoniLnatform auszeichnen. Sis bestehen darin, dass der Biirzel und die Oberschwanzdecken auf Japen viel ausgesprochener rotlich, weniger dunkelblauviolett schillern und dass Oberkopf und Kopfseiten avrt Japen mehr ins Rostfarbene, bei der Nominatforni mehr ins Graue iibergehen. Noch ausgepragter zeigen die Unterschiede der neuen Rasse diejenigen Balge, welche uns vom Stromgebiet des Sepik und Raniu, sowie von der Astrolabebai vorliegen. Wir wahlen daher zuni Typus ein Stiick des Berliner Museums : (J Ramu, 30. Februar 1898, Tappenbeck leg. Nr. 496.
Die Verbreitung der beiden Rassen scheint folgende zu sein :
D. r. rufiveniris (Salvadori) : Waigeu, Salawati, Misol, Vogelkopf von Neuguinea, von dort aus ansoheinend langs der Siidkiiste bis zum Fly-River.
D. r. uropygialis (Stres. & Pal.) : Japen und vermutlich Nordkiiste von Neuguinea vom Mamberano bis mindestens zur Astrolabebai.
Ducula pinon jobiensis (Schleg.).
Sclilegel, A'ederl. Tijdschr. Dierk, vol. iv, p. ilegel, Nederl. Tijdschr, Dierk. vol. iv, p. 27
Gresammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn, Doherty, Stein.
Carpophaga pinon jobiensis Sclilegel, A'ederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 26 (1871 — Jobi). Carpophaga westermanni Schlegel, Nederl. Tijdschr. Dierk. vol. iv, p. 27 (1871 — Jobi).
|
243. |
Serui. |
22. II. |
(J2. |
Fl. 270 ; |
Gew. 875 |
|
224. |
„ |
19. II. |
?2. |
„ 265; |
„ 850 |
|
227. |
,, |
19. II. |
?0- |
„ 263,5; |
„ 725 |
Myristicivora spilorrhoa spilorrhoa (Gray). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn.
Gymnophaps albertisi albertisi Salvad. Gesammelt von : Guillemard, Doherty, Stem.
|
489. |
450 m. |
10. III. |
cJ^. |
Fl. 193 ; |
Gew. — |
Fliigelmauser |
|
480. |
450 „ |
9. III. |
<?!• |
„ 201 ; |
„ 215 |
|
|
488. |
450 „ |
10. III. |
?o. |
„ 195; |
„ — |
489 und 480 (^) haben (im Balg) die nackte Augenumgebung rot, den Ziigel gelb. 488 (?) hat beide Regionen gelb. [17 ^^ und $? aus Batjan, Juni 1931, G. Heinrich leg., haben im Balg sowohl Augengegend als auch Ziigel rot ; sie sind auch etwas grosser und die $$ haben etwas dunklere Brust : G. a. exsul Hartert.]
Mageninhalt : Fruchtkerne von Kirschkerngiosse (480).
244
NoVITATES ZoOLOGICAE XXX\^II. 1932.
Reinwardtoena reinwardtsi griseotincta Hart.
Gesammelt von : Doherty, Stein.
487. 450 m. 10. III. S^- Fl- 229 ; Gew. 250
261. Serui. 23. II. 3„. „ 232,5; ., 280
289. „ 24. II. ?. „ 242; „ 275
636. K. Baroe. 24. III. $„. „ 213 ; „ 180 ; juv. ; Gefiedermauser
I. Ju. Kl. (6.36) : Unterseite erdbraun, Oberseite heller, Fliigel und Schwanz schwarzbraun, Schnabel am Balg dunkel.
Macropygia amboinensis kerstingi Rchw. Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Bruijn, Stein. 361. 450 m. 4. III. d'l- Fl. 159 ; Gew. 145
|
407. |
450 „ |
5. III. |
cJi- |
„ 162,5; |
„ 148 |
juv. |
|
578. |
850 „ |
14. III. |
$2- |
„ 154; |
„ — |
|
|
184. |
Scrui. |
7. II. |
$0. |
., 155; |
., 134 |
Fliigelmauser |
Siehe unter Waigeu.
Macropygia nigrirostris Salvad. Gesammelt von : Stein.
410. Serui. 19. I
218. „ 20. I.
286. „ 24. I
194. „ 18. I
256. „ 23. i:
321. „ 26. I
354. 450 m. 3. II
318. Serui. 26. I
211. „ 19. I
Mageninhalt
(Jo. Fl. 142,5 ; Gew.
02-
$3-
o + 1*
?0-
|
143; |
„ 95 |
|
140,5 ; |
„ 79; |
|
138,5; |
„ 85; |
|
142; |
„ 100,3 |
|
142; |
,. 92 |
|
140; |
„ 91 |
|
139; |
„ 95 |
|
141; |
,. 87 |
79 ; am Nacken noch einige Ju. Kl. federn.
am Kopf uml Nacken noch einige Jugend- kleidledern.
Samen von Pfefferkorngrosse, keine im Darmkanal (218), Fruchtkern, ca. 3 cm. Durchmesser (286), winzige Samen (194), Steinchen (354).
Gallicolumba ruflgula rufigula (Jacq. & Puch.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Bruijn.
Gallicolumba jobiensis (A. B. Meyer). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Bruijn.
Chalcophaps stephani stephani Reichenbach. Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stein. 296. 25. II. Serui. $o- Fl- 133 ; Gew. 109 ; Teilweises I. Ju. Kl. ; Fliigelmauser
Henicophaps albifrons Gray.
Gesammelt von : Bruijn, Stein.
344. Serui. 26. II. Vj. Fl. 183 ; Gew. 250 ; Flugelmauaer Stirn nicht reinweiss, sondern braunlich.
Caloenas nicobarica nicobarica (L.). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Bruijn, Guillemard, Doherty.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1032. 245
Goura victoria victoria (Fraser). Gesammelt von : v. Rosenberg, Beccari, Guillemard, Doherty.
Tadorna radjah radjah (Garnot). Gesammelt von : Guillemard.
Esacus magnirostris (Vieill.). Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer.
Charadrius dominicus fulvus Gm.
Gesammelt von : Stein.
239. Semi. 22. II. Jj. Fl. 162 ; Gew. 108
Charadrius dubius curonicus Gm.
Gesammelt von : Stein.
651. Serui. 22. III. ?. Fl. 1 19 ; Gew. 40,2
Dieses Stiick gehort sicher zur palaearktischen Rasse curonicus und nicht zu der aiif Neuguinea briitenden Rasse {" jerdoni "). Ein sicherer Nachweis von C. d. curonicus schien bisher fiir das papuanische Gebiet zu fehlen.
Actitis hypoleucos (L.). Gesammelt von : Beccari.
Numenius phaeopus variegatus (Scop.). Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn.
Sterna bergii cristata Stephens. Gesammelt von : Bruijn.
Megapodius affinis affinis A. B. Meyer.
Megapodius affinis vav.johiensis Oustalet, Ann. Sci. Nal. 11, p. 95 (1881 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Bruijn, Doherty.
Obwohl Herr Stein die beiden von friiheren ReLsenden auf Japen gesammelten Megapodius Arten nicht erbeutet hat, seien sie doch zu einigen systematischen Erorterungen herangezogen. Nach dem Zeugnis von Salvadori sind zwei Megapodius Arten auf Japen angetroffen worden, naralich M. geelvinlcianus durch Meyer und Beccari und M. affinis durch Beccari, wahrend das Tring Museum aus Japen 10 alte Exemplare von M. affinis besitzt, gesammelt von Doherty und Bruijn, aber von dieser Insel kemen 31. geelvinkianus erhielt. Wie sehen keinen Grund, daran zu zweifeln, dass die Bestimmung Salvadoris richtig gewesen sei und miissen uns mit der Tatsache abfinden, dass Japen wirklich zwei Megapodius Arten beherbergt, eine im wesentlichen schwarz gefiirbte und eine auf Kopf, Riicken und Fliigel braune und auf der Unterseite braunlich graue. Es geht
246 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
also wohl nicht an, alle Megapodiiis Arten in einen Rassenkreis hineinzuzwingen, wie es neuerdings von Siebers (Treubia vii, Suppl. 1930, pp. 166-170) und von E. Mayr {Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, xvii, 1931, p. 709) geschehen ist, und wir ziehen es vor, anzmiehmen, dass, wie bei TnlegaUu.s, so auch bei Megapodius mehrere Arten auf Neuguinea leben, die sich zwar ini grossen und ganzen geographisch vertreten, aber doch im Grenzbezirk nebeneinander vorkommen. Wir luiterscheiden daher :
1. Megapodius freycinet.
Verbreitung : Nordmolukken, westl. papuanische Inseln und kleine der Berau-Halbinsel nordoestlich vorgelagerte Inseln (wie Dorei-Hum), sowie die Inseln der Geelvinkbai.
Diese Gruppe gliedert sich in zwei Rassen :
(o) M . freycinet freycinet Quoy & Gaimard, Verbreitung : Das ganze Wohn- gebiet der Art ausser dem von M . f. geehinkianns besiedelten Gebiet.
(6) M. freycinet geetvinkianvs Meyer, Verbreitung : Inseln der Geelvinkbai : Numfor, Pulu Maneiii, Biak, Miosnom, Japen.
Die Verbreitung dieser Art erinnert einigermaassen an diejenige von Ducida myristicivora.
2. Megapodius affinis.
Verbreitung : Nordkiiste von Neuguinea zwischen Siidrand der Geelvinkbai (Rubi) und Mambare-Fluss, sowie Japen. Vom Siidrand der Geelvinkbai nach Siiden verbreitet bis zum Siidfuss des westlichen Schneegebirges (Utakwa- Fluss). Hier konimt M. affinis neben M. reinwardt ( = duperreyii) vor ; vgl. Og.-Grant, Ibis, 1915, Suppl. p. 319.
Diese Gruppe gliedert sich in drei schwach unterschiedene Rassen :
(a) M . affinis affinis Meyer.
(6) M. affinis decollatus Oustalet.
(c) M. affinis huonensis Stres.
Vgl. Stresemann, Arch. f. Naturgesch. 1923, A. 8, pp. 90-91, und Hartert, NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE, xxxvi, 1930, p. 127.
3. Megapodius reinwardt.
Verbreitung : Kleine Sundainseln von Lombok ostwarts, Inseln der Flores- See und der Banda-See, Kei-Inseln, im papuanischen Gebiet auf Salawati, Batanta, an der Kiiste der Berau-Halbinsel, auf den Ai'u-InseLn und an der ganzen Siidkiiste Neuguineas bis zum S.O.-Kap und von da an der Nordkiiste westwarts mindestens bis zum Knmusi-Fluss. Diese Art lebt am Siidhang des siidwestlichen Schneegebirges stellenweise neben M. affinis, auf Salawati, Batanta, Sorong, dem Inselchen Dorei-Hum neben M. freycinet.
Megapodius freycinet geelvinkianus A. B. Meyer.
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari. Siehe unter Megapodius affinis.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 247
Talegallus jobiensis jobiensis A. B. Meyer.
TaUrjallus johiensis A. B. Meyer, Sitstmgshcr. Akad. Wien, 69, p. 74 (1874 — .Jobi).
Gesammelt von : A. B. Meyer, Beccari, Briiijn, Doherty, Stein.
657. 23. III. ?. FI. 276 ; Schw. 155 ; Gew. 1360 3007. 7. VII. (J. ,, 2862 ; ,, 170 ; „ — ; Iris schwarzbraun, Fiisse mennigrot,
Schnabel rotbraim, nackte Haut an Kopf und Hals mennigrot.
Die Rasse T.j. jobiensis scheint ausser auf Japen auch auf dem gegeniiberlie- genden Festland von der Mamberanomiindung mindestens bis zur Humboldt- Bai verbreitet zu .sein. Ostlich da von lebt mindestens vom Sepik an bis zur S.O.-Spitze Neugiiineas und von da ab an der Siidkiiste bis zum Aroa-Fluss T. jobiensis lomjicauda, welche sich durch im Mittel etwas langeren Schwanz auszeiciinet (3 Stiicke im Zool. Mus. Berl. von Astrolabebai, Stefansort inid Sepik haben Fliigel-Schwanz : 287/181-297/197-295/178). Daneben kommen auf Neuguinea zwei andere sehr ahnliche Talegallus Arten vor, die diese im Raum nahezu, aber nicht vollig vertreten. Ihre Areale scheinen sich in den Grenzge- bieten etwas zu iiberschneiden. Es sind :
1. Talegallus cuvieri Lesson, Verbreitimg : Berau-Halbinsel, Salawati, Misol, ostwarts an der Siidkiiste von Neuguinea etwa bis zum Mimikafluss, wo gleichzeitig T . fuseirostris vorkonimt (vgl. Og. -Grant, Ibis, 1915, Suppl. p. 322), an der Nordkiiste wahrscheinlich nur bis zur Westkiiste der Geelvinkbai.
2. Talegallus fuseirostris Salvador!, Verbreitung : Aru-Inseln, Siidkiiste von Neuguinea zwischen Port Moresby und Etna-Bai Tind langs der Siidkiiste der Geelvinkbai (Rubi, Wanggar). An der Siidkiiste Neuguineas neben T. longicauda und am Siidhang des westl. Schneegebirges neben T. cuvieri.
Es ergibt sich also aus dem Vorhergesagten, dass alle 3 Arten die Geelvinkbai erreichen und zwar T. cuvieri von Westen her, T. fuseirostris von Siiden her mid T. jobiensis von Osten her.
Aepypodius arfakianus Salvador!.
Gesammelt von : Doherty, der ein Exemplar in Kariri auf Japen kaufte (Nov. Zool. viii, 1901, p. 140).
Casuarius unappendiculatus occipitalis Salvador!.
Casuarius occipitalis Salvadori, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, vii, p. 718 (1875 — Jobi). Casuarius laglaizei Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Philom. (8), v, No. 9, pp. 1-3 (1893 — Jobi).
Gesammelt von : Beccari, Laglaize.
248 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
TUNGA BONDARI, EINE NEUE ART DER SANDFLOHE.
Von dr. J. WAGNER (Belgrad).
(Mit 4 Figiiren in Text.)
■\ 7"0N den 5 bis jetzt beschriebenen Sandflohen werden zwei chinesische ' Arten : caecigena J. et R. (1921) von NLng-po und lagrangei Roub. (1925) von Schanghai. sich wahrscheinlich als eiiie und dieselbe Art erweisen, da die beiden Arten auf den Ohren der Ratte in den fast naheliegenden Gegenden gefunden wurden. Die Heimat drei anderer Arten {penetrans L., caecata End. und travassosi P. et Dr.) ist Siid-Amerika. Mit Ausnahme der T. penetra7i.s sind von alien iibrigen Arten niu' schwangere Weibchen, mit aufgequoUenem Abdomen, bekannt. Ebenso wird auch die weiter unten beschriebene neue Art auf Grund von Weibchen festgestellt, die Dr. G. Bondar (X. 1931) auf der Bauchseite einer jungen Tamandua tetradactyla gefunden hat. Dieser Ameisenbar wurde auf dem Markt in Bahia gekauft, und die Vermutimg liegt nahe, dass da.s Tier in BrasUien unweit von Bahia gefangen war.
$. Wie bei T. caecata sind der Thorax luid der Kopf volkommen im aufge- triebenen Hinterleib verborgen. Bei der nahestehenden Art, T. travassosi, h\e\ht der Vorderkorper von der Seite gut bemerkbar. Im Gegensatz zu der T. caecata und der T. tramssosi sind die Augen bei T. bondari vol! entwickelt und pigmen- tiert, docli sind sie bedeutend kleiner, als die der T. penetrans : die Lange des pigmentierten Feldes, welches auf den aufgehellten Praparaten sichtbar ist, ist zweimal geringer, als der kiirzeste Abstand vom Auge bis zum Frontalrande des Kopfes ; dagegen sind diese Lange und dieser Abstand bei T. penetrans beinahe gleich gross. Die Form des Kopfes von bondari ist derjenigen von penetrans luid travassosi sehr ahnlich, unterscheidet sich aber scharf von der der caecata. Bei der letztgenannten Art ist der Abstand zwischen dem Hinterende des Genal- lappens und der Basis des postoralen Lappens des Oralrandes zum mindesten dreimal, bei der bondari aber weniger als zweimal kiirzer, als der Abstand zwischen dem letzten Lappen und dem Gipfel der Frontaltuberkel. Der GenaUappen ragt bei bondari bedeutend nach hinten hinaus, einen Teil der Fiihlergrube bedeckend ; bei penetrans (und bei caecigetia) ist dieser Vorsprung sehr schwach ; wie stark er bei travassosi entwickelt ist, liisst sich aus Pinto's und Drevfiis's Beschreibung und Abbildung nicht ersehen. Die praeorale innere Chitinver- dickung ist scharf ausgepragt. Der Riissel bei bondari ist unvergleichlich viel langer als bei penetrans, caecata und caecigenu ; er ist dreimal so lang als die Vorderhiifte und fast zweimal so lang als der Maxillartaster. Das 1. und das 4. Glied des Maxillartasters sind beinahe gleichlang, die Liinge des 2. ist etwas kleiner inid die des 3. fast halb so gross. Diese Verhaltnisse bringen die T. bondari der T. caecata nahe ; bei travassosi, nach Pinto's Abbildung zu urteUen, ist das 3. Glied nur wenig kiirzer als das 4. ; bei caecigerui ist das 4. Glied fast doppelt so lang als das 2. ; bei penetrans ist das 4. Glied kiirzer als das 2. und nicht langer als das 3. ; ausserdem, zum Unterschied von penetrans, bilden die wenigen Borsten auf der ausseren Oberflache des 2. Tastergliedes bei bondari keine regehnassige Langsreihe. Das letzte Tasterglied ist bei bondari am Ende
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
249
assymetrisch abgestumpft und tragt an seinem Ende ca. 7 Sinnestifte. Wie bei caecata verschwinden die Beine beim Einziehen des Thorax in den wachsenden Hinterleib, von den hinteren angef angen . Bei keinem von 15 von niir untersuchten Exemplaren waren die Hinterbeine vol! er- halten und nur bei einigen waren die Vor- derbeineundmanchmal audi die Mittelbeine unvereelirt geblieben. Dabei habe ich be- merkt, das.s je grosser das Exemplar ist, d.h. je niehr der Hinterleib aufgetrieben ist, desto bedeutender ist das Verschwinden der Beine. Dieses Ver- schwinden ist von einer unregelmassigen Chiti- nisierung (?) von schwarzer Farbung an der Stellen begleitet, wo die Trennung des ent- sprechenden Gliedes Oder auch eines Teils desselben unmittelbar ansetzt ; es bildet sich demnach ein eigenar- tiger Stopsel an der Trennstelle der Bein- teile. Die Vorder- \uv\ Hinterhiiften an der Vorderseite laufen in einen apikalen Zahn aus. An der Aussen- seite der Hinterfemora
ist eine laterale Borstenreihe vorhanden. Die Beborstung des 5. Fussgliedes und der Schienen der Vorder- und Mittelbeine ist bei bondari derjenigen der penetrans (und, wie es scheint, auch der travassosi) fast gleich. Am 5. died der Vorder- und Mittelf iissen sitzen 2 Paare schwacher, doch langer, Seitenborsten.
Tunga bondari up. n., o. — Fig. 6. — Kopf und Prostemum ; Fig. 7. — Maxillartaster ; Fig. 8. — Letztes Glied des Vorderf usses ; Fig. 9. — Vorderschiene.
250 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1U32.
ON SOME NEW EVPTEROTIDAE. By lord ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., F.R.S.
1. Cotana eichhomi sp. nov.
$. This is totally unlike any other $ Cotana.
Legs orange yellow, tarsi black ; antennae black ; head and thorax orange yellow ; abdomen rufous orange, abdominal tuft rusty grey. Forewing orange yellow, a blind oceUate patch in basal half of forewing with broad black distal and smaller basal black patches and hairlike black ring ; a transverse median black band, followed by a transverse very indistinct sooty shadow line ; a sub- marginal nervular row of black shuttle-shaped streaks joined by blackish shadow bands. Hindwing orange yellow, basal half slightly diaphanous, a strongly angulated sooty black median band followed by a less sharply bent sooty post- median shadow band, a row of black submarginal shuttle-shaped nervular streaks joined by transverse sooty band.
Length of forewing 28 mm. Expanse 62 mm.
1 ? Edie Creek, west side of Herzog Mts., N.E. New Guinea, 6,400 feet, 1928 (A. F. Eichhorn).
2. Cotana splendida sp. nov.
(J. Pectus, legs, femora and tibiae dark golden buff, tarsi black ; antennae, shafts black, pectinations greyish buff ; head pale buff, vertex orange buff ; patagia, basal haU light ferruginous, outer half white ; tegulae and thorax white ; abdomen, basal f of the segments buffy white, other \ ferruginous.
Forewing above, basal | cream white, with irregular maroon stigmatic ring in the centre, a broad maroon band, beyond the basal white area, occupying ^ of the outer area of the forewing and within which is a cloudlike yellow powdery band, the yellow coloured nervures divide this maroon band into 9 oblong patches, beyond the maroon band is a narrower lavender grey lunulated grey band divided into patches by 9 blackish maroon shuttle-shaped streaks, the rest of the wing is maroon grey divided by yellow nervures, fringe golden yellow. Hindwing bright golden yellow, basal and abdominal areas with thick huffish orange hairs ; a postmedian transverse lunatedb and pale rusty maroon, beyond which is a row of blackish streaks.
Below both pairs of wings orange yellow with postmedian band of dark streaks on the nervures.
$. Palpi black ; tibiae and tarsi black ; femora, pectus, head, and thorax bright orange rufous ; antennae black ; abdomen bright orange rufous, anal segment and tuft grey. Wings above, | of costo-subcostal area and nervures orange rufous, } of disc of wings sooty brown black, outer | buffy orange, nervures in this outer \ broadly black. Below basal f of both wings huffish rufous, some sooty patches in forewing, less distinct than in the middle area of both wings ; the sooty discal areas both above and below in some lights have a magenta sheen.
Length of forewing ^ 24 mm., $ 35-38 mm. Expanse S 56 mm., $ 79-85 mm.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVllI. 1932. 251
10 d'cj, 2 9? Mt. Kunupi, Menoo Valley, Weyland Mts., 6,000 feet, Dutch New Guinea, Dec. 1920-Jan. 1921 (Messrs. Pratt).
3. Cotana lunulata montium subsp. nov.
{J. Differs from C. I. alboserrata B. Baker in the transverse line and streaks in the outer J of wing being much more obsolete and in the hindwing being much deeper orange yellow.
9. Differs more strikingly than the ^ in the white spot in the basal J of forewing being larger and rounder, the indentations in the submarginal white band of hindwing being much deejaer and the line narrower and the anal tuft pale grey, not dark bluish grey.
A jj has ground colour of forewing almost the same as that of the hindwing, so I propose to call it ab. unicolob.
^ 6 6 [^ ab. unicolor), 1 $ Hydrographer Mts., British New Guinea, 2,500 feet, Feb. 1918 (Eichhorn Bros.), type cJ.
4. Cotana rosseliana continentalis subsp. nov.
(J. Differs from C. r. rosseliana in the ground colour in basal half of forewing being orange yellow as in hindwing, not dirty brown, and all the transverse markings of both pairs of wings being much more obsolete.
1 <^ Hydrographer Mts., British New Guinea, 2,500 feet, Feb. 1918 (Eichhorn Bros.).
5. Acroiana splendida Rothsch.
Acrojana splendida Rothschild, Nov. Zool. vol. xxiv, p. 492, no. 71 (1917) (Wassaw district, $).
When I described A. sjdendida I only had the Type $, but I have since received a ^J which at first sight from above bears no resemblance to the $, but the inner area of forewing below reveals at once the relationship.
(^. Legs, pectus and frons dark chocolate brown ; anteiuiae dark sooty slaty grey ; vertex, thorax and abdomen sooty slate grey. Forewing above sooty slaty browii grey, a black spot near base of costa, a postmedian slanting darker transverse line from costa to inner margin, a narrow golden greenish transverse very oblique line edged with brown from before apex to postmedial line above vein 1 . Hindwing above, costal f bright rose pink, rest of wing sooty slaty grey, an antemedian darker line from abdominal margin to pink area, a median dark line from costal margin and touching edge of pink area to abdominal margin.
Forewing below grey brown, inner area sulphur yellow, median and post- median darker lines from costa to edge of yellow area. Hindwing below grey brown, median and postmedian curved transverse darker bands. Fringe of both pairs of wings dark chocolate.
Length of forewing 50 mm. Expanse 110 mm.
1 cj Sierra Leone (J. W. Gaisford).
6. Acrojana salmonea sp. nov.
(^. Legs brown, tibiae strongly edged and clothed with scarlet hair, palpi orange, frons brown, antennae black brown washed with blue grey, vertex cinnamon, thorax and abdomen brown. Forewing wood-brown, a postbasal transverse row of 3 black spots ringed with grey, an antemedian serpentine
252 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
shadow line, a double line from the costa subapically to inner margin, outer portion slightly darker than wing, inner portion dark brown.
Hindwing above, costal f salmon red, rest of wing two dark lines (outer shadowy) from abdominal margin | across disc, a black spot on abdominal margin J from base. Wings below cinnamon rufous brown crossed by two dusky indistinct transverse lines, inner area of forewing sabnon colour.
?. Legs and frons rufous, antennae fuscous, basal J of shaft whitish grey, vertex, thorax and abdomen above cinnamon -brown.
Forewing above cinnamon-brown, basal J and oblique median patch darker, a subbasal black spot on costa and 3 yellow ones in basal J of wing, 2 curved postmedian transverse lines, the inner one deep brown, the outer one double, greenish yellow, black within.
Hindwing above, costal § orange salmon, rest of wing cinnamon-brown, 3 transverse bands from abdominal margin across disc of wing, middle one most distinct on basal half, outer one with basal f strongly marked with olive yellow.
Below both pairs of wings rufous orange crossed by a pair of brown lines, inner area of forewing paler.
Length of forewing ^ 48 mm., $ 60 mm. Expanse ^J 106 mm., $ 130 mm.
^ Kumasi, Ashanti, Feb. 1915 (Alec) (ex coll. Fawcett) ; $ Bukuru, N. Nigeria.
7. Acrojana simillima sp. nov.
(J. Very similar to 0 A. sphiulida Roths, above, only red area on hindwing is salmon-red, not rose pink, but below very distinct.
Underside of abdomen scarlet mixed with wood-brown ; legs scarlet edged with wood-brown, tarsi black. Wings dark wood-brown crossed by 2 black brown lines, inner area of forewing orange-salmon, ceU of forewing washed with orange-salmon.
Length of forewing 61 mm. Expanse 132 mm.
1 (J Sierra Leone (J. W. Gaisford).
8. Paracydas biagi occidentalis subsp. nov.
cj. Differs from P. b. biagi on forewing above by the presence of a large white subbasal spot, by a distinct median dark shadowy transverse hne, by having a larger and more distinct white subapical spot and a distinct row of blue-grey wedge-shaped spots inside the postmedian line, instead of a broken indistinct blue-grey line. On the hindwing above it differs from P. b. biagi in the basal f being much paler and more yellowish, in having a dark shadowy transverse antemedian line and in having more grey outside along post- median line.
Below the grey anteajjical spot is larger on the forewing, and it differs on the hindwing in the grey band along postmedian line.
4 (JcJ Mt. Kunupi, Menoo Valley, Weyland Mts., 6,000 feet, Dutch New Guinea, 1921 (Messrs. Pratt).
NOVITATES ZooLOaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932. 253
SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. HARRY S. SWARTH AT ATLIN IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 2 text-figures.)
rpHE Atlin Region where Mr. H. S. Swarth, in 1931, collected the fleas here '- recorded is in the extreme North-western corner of British Columbia, south of Yukon Territory and a few miles east of Alaska. Mr. Swarth informs me that the fauna and flora are those of the semi-arid interior (rainfall about 12 inches a year), the district having almost nothing in common with the humid coast belt 100 miles to the westward (rauifall about 100 inches a year). The collection, though very small, contains nevertheless specimens of two interesting species, one of them being new.
1. Hoplopsyllus glacialis lynx Baker 1904. On Lepus americanus macfarlanei, 4.x., 1 ^.
2. Ceratophyllus caedens durus Jord. 1929.
On Sciurus hudsonius hudsonius, 30. ix., and 13.x., 2 J (J, 1 $.
3. Ceratophyllus eumolpi eumolpi Roths. 1905. On Microtun drummondi , 19.vii., 3 $$.
4. Ceratophyllus penicilliger Grube 1852.
On Peromyscus maniculatus bortalis, 10 . viii . , 2 $$. A pair of this common
Palaearctic species is in the U.S. National Museum from Alaska ; it is very badly preserved ; the new record, therefore, is most welcome.
5. Ceratophyllus querini Roths. 1905. On Microtus drumriwndi, 19.vii., 1 $.
6. Ceratophyllus adustus sp. nov. (text-figs. 10, 11).
A bird-flea parasitic on a mammal. Remarkable for the reduction in tlie number of bristles on the tibiae, the presence of only two antepygidial bristles, one long, the other short, and the short stylet.
$. Proboscis one-sixth sliorter than forecoxa, proportional length of segments 12, 7, 6, 8, 18. Bristles on head essentially as in C. vagabunda Bohem. 1865, 2 small bristles in front of the row of 3 eye bristles, on occiput one long median bristle not accompanied by a small one, subapical row very widely interrupted, consisting on each side of 5 bristles, 3 being dorsal, the fourth long and placed near the antennal groove, the fifth small, below the long one, along antennal groove about 10 small hairs. Bristles of antennal segment II longer than the club.
254
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
On ])ronotum a comb of 27 spines and a row of 11 bristles (on the two sides together) ; on mesonotum the posterior row contains 10 bristles, and on meta- notum 12 ; mesopleura with 4 or 5 thin bristles ; nietepinierum with 7, of which one each is placed before and behind the stigma.
Bristles on abdominal tergites (the two sides together): II 9, 13, III 9, 12, VI 4, 9, VII 5, 10 ; on sternites : IV 3, 6, V 3, 7, VI 4, 6. Two antepygidial bristles, the lower one quite small.
In fore- and midtibiae the third dorsal pair of bristles short and thin, in hindtibia (text-fig. 10) the third and fourth dorsal bristles single, short and thin.
-Vll.st.
Fio. 10. — Ceralophyllus aduMus $, hindtibia. ,, 11. ,, ,, $, end-segments.
and the inner bristles of the second and the postmedian ])air sliorter tlian usual. In hindtarsus no bristle reaches to apex of segment following, the longest of I extending just beyond second lateral pair of II, and that of II to subapical pair of III ; small hairs on sole of V numerous, in hindtarsus about 7 between base and second pair of lateral bristles.
Modified Segments. — 9- Apical margin of sternite VII (text-fig. 11) rounded- truncate, slightly incurved above middle, 18 bristles on the two sides together. On each side of tergite VIII 2 or 3 bristles above stigma, 4 below it and 11 or 12 on the ventral and apical areas. Stylet a little over twice as long as broad. Bursa copulatrix not very distinct in the specimen ; duct of spermatheca sur-
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 255
rounded with glandular tissue from bursa to about one-third, at a short distance from spermatheca dark and finally slightly widened and pale ; blind duct, if present in the species, not visible in the specimen ; spermatheca of the same type as in C. vagabumla, its head nearly three times as long as broad.
On Erethizon epixanthum, 3.ix., 1 $.
The Porcupine probably is the true host of this modified bird flea, the peculiarities of the new species presumably being due to a change of host from Bird to Mammal. We have several instances of species of the mammal flea type being parasitic on birds ; in these eases the change of host from Mammal to Bird has likewise affected the development of the bristles.
256
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
THE SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. J. L. C. MUSTERS IN NORWAY ON THE LEMMING.
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 2 text-figures.)
T^HE collection of fleas wliich forms the subject of this paper is a much- appreciated present from Mr. J. L. C. Musters, the mammalogist, who obtained the specimens himself at Surendalen, Nordmoor. The material repre- sents no less than 6 species, and is m so far of particular interest as all the speci- mens were taken off one host, Lemniis lemnus, which seems to be a very hospitable animal. Only 2 out of the 6 species found can be considered to be normal parasites of the Lemming, 3 being fleas of mice and one of shrews. These mammals, no doubt, frequent the burrows of the Lemming and incidentally leave some fleas behind.
1. Ceratophyllus penicilliger Grube 1852.
2 cJ(J, 4 9$- — A circumjjolar species ; very frequent in Europe, but evidently not extending to the Mediterranean area.
2. Ceratophyllus rectangulatus Wahlgren 1903 (text-fig. 12).
2 cJcJ, 15 $$. — The $ of this species has not yet been described, as far as I
know, and I therefore give here a figure of the seventh abdominal sternite illustrating the variabihty of this segment in the series before me (text- -Joff
fig. 12
d).
Fio
Ceratophyllus reclatigulalu3 $.
much narrower than in JofF's figure. Joff's probably represents a Transbaicalian subspecies.
published in 1927 a figure of the ^-genitalia of a specimen from TransbaicaUa under the name of C. baikalensis . This name has been sunk as a synonym by Wagner in Katalog pal. Aphan. 1930, p. 9. In Joff's figure, however, the proportions of exopodite F are 14 : 31, whereas in our speci- mens from Norway the pro- portions (length and apical width) are 11:31, F being unique specimen, therefore.
3. Ceratophyllus fasciatus Bosc isoo. 1 5. — Occurrence on Lemming accidental.
NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932.
257
4. Leptopsylla silvatica Meinert 1896 (text-fig. 13).
3 (J (J, 5 9?- — This sei'ies is e.specially welcome, as it enables me to supplement Meinert's description which was based on the $ only. N. C. Rothschild, to whom a specimen of L. silvatica had been lent for examination, came to the conclusion that L. spectabilis Roths. 1898 was the same as L. silvatica. The present Norwegian series belongs to a species which we have in the collection from Bulgaria, the High Tatra, Eastern Germany and Lapland. This wide distribution renders it fairly certain that Meinert's 2 $$ from Jutland belong to the same species, the name of which therefore is L. silvatica. This L. silvatica is well distuiguished from L. spectabilis by the o-genitaha, but I can- not find any difference between British and Continental $$.
cJ. Apical lobe of
VIII. st. (text-fig. 13) broader and longer than in L. spectabilis, apically much more rounded, particularly dorsally, in front of this lobe 1 ventral bristle instead of 3 and this stout bristle placed halfway between the base and apex of the segment, on the lobe 2 long lateral bristles and above them at rounded upper angle 2 small ones. Process P of clasper as in L. spectabilis, but somewhat narrower ; exopodite F gradually widened towards aj)ex, not incurved on posterior side (which is often more convex than in our figure) and apically much narrower than in L. spectabilis, being much less than half as wide as long, at upper posterior angle a row of 3 long bristles as in L. spectabilis, but the bristles longer, the upper one the longest and strongest, below them down to middle of posterior margin or to below middle 5 to 8 thin bristles on out- and inside together, above the three long bristles one short marginal one. The postmedian ventral bristles of IX. st. much smaller than in L. spectabilis.
The fact that British $9 are indistinguishable from non-British ones suggests that L. S2)ectabilis and L. silvatica are geographical representatives of one species ; a third subspecies probably would be L. fallax Roths. 1909 from the Alps.
5. Leptopsylla bidentatus Kolenati 1860.
1 $. — We have only a few specimens, from the Pyrenees, Basses Alpes, Doubs and Zermatt. Kolenati described the species from the Altvater Mts. in Moravia.
6. Hystrichopsylla talpae Curtis 1826.
2 $9. — The true host of this species in Norway, no doubt, is Sorex araneus. 17
Fig. 13. — Leptopsylla silvatica ^J.
258 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY MR. C. ELTON IN LAPLAND. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 1 text-figure.)
TN a short paper entitled " Die aus der arktischen Zone bekannten Flohe " (Fauna Arctica, vi. 2, p. 117, 1932) I enumerated 10 species as known from the Arctic Zone. The collection made by C. Elton ' in 1930 in Norwegian Lapland adds no less than 5 species to that list : AmphipsyUa thoracicus, Leptv- psylla silvatica, Corrodopsylla biriilai, RhadinopsyUa casta and Cttnophthalmus uncinata. Mr. C. Elton is to be congratidated on this most satisfactory result. The material obtained of Amphipsylla thoracicus and Corrodopsylla birulai is especially interesting, the (J(^ of the former enabling us to settle the status of the species, and the latter being new for the British Museum collection.
1. CeratophyUus garei Roths. 1902.
Goeidnovuoppe, 25.vii., on Evotcnnys rutilus, 2 tJ^J. A cLrcumpolar
species extending southward to Central Europe.
2. CeratophyUus rectangulatus Wahlgren 1903.
Goeidnovuoppe, 24.-27.vii., on Microtus ralliceps, 7 $$ ; 25.vii., on
Evotomys rutilus, 3 $$ ; 27.vii., on Microtus agrestis, 1 $. Imofoss, 11. and
12.viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, i ^^,\ ^ ; 12.viii., on Evotornys rutilus, 1 ^,
1 9; 12.viii., on Microtus ratticeps, 1 $. Kautokerno, 5.viii., on Microtus
ratticeps, 2 cJ^J. Near Mieron, 3.viii., on Le^nnus lemnus, 3 $$. Mieron-
varre, 4.viii., on Lemnus lemnus, 1 (J, 1 $. Beskenjargga, 19.vii.,on Evotomys
rufocanus, 2 $$. Punta, 17.viii., on Microtus agrestis, 1 $; 20.viii., on
Evotomys rufocanus, 1 $.
3. CeratophyUus peniciUiger Grube 1852.
Punta, 20 . viii . , on Evotomys rutilus, 3 (J ^J ; 15. viii . , on Evotomys rufocanus,
2 $9 ; 15. viii . , on Microtus agrestis, 1 (J ; 1 9 . viii . , on Neomys fodiens, 1 $.
Mieronvarre, 4 . viii . , on Lemnus lemnus, 2 $$. Kautokerno, 5 . viii . , on Micro- tus ratticeps, 2 $$. Imofoss, 12. viii., on Evotomys rutilus, 1 $ ; 13. viii., on
Lemnus lemnus, 1 (^. Goeidnovuoppe, 26.vii., on Evotomys rutilus, 1 $.
Near Skoganvarre, IS.vii., on Lemnus lemnus, 1 $.
4. AmphipsyUa thoracicus thoracicus Roths. 1911 (text-fig. 14).
Punta, 15. and 20. viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, 2 q^, 2 $$ ; 18. viii., on
Microtus agrestis, 1 9- Goeidnovuoppe, 30.vii., on Evotomys rutilus, 1 9-
Imofoss, 12. viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, 1 ^J.
OriginaUy described from 2 99 obtained in Finland. The 9? of several species of Amphipsylla not being distinguishable (according to our present
^ Oxford University Exploring Club.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
259
limited knowledge), it has remained doubtful in the ab.sence of the cj as to whether A. thoracicus was really different from one or the other of the allied forms. Mr. Elton's discovery of the (J enables us to answer the question. The jJiesent series com}3ared with the specimens of A. sejnfera J. & R. 1920 convinces me that A. thoracicus and A. sepifera are geo- graphical developments of one species and should be treated as subspecies : A . th. thoracicus known from Finland and Lapland {A. rossica Wagner 1919 ($) from Russia prob- ably being the same) and A. th. sepifera J. & R. 1920 from the Swiss Alps and adjacent districts of France. The cJ-genitaUa of A. th. thoracicus differ from those of A. th. .sepifera {Ectoparasites, i. text- figs. 80, 81) in several
details : Manubrium of clasper shorter, exopodite F likewise shorter, apically broader, much less gradually widening towards apex, its posterior margin distinctly incurved above middle, the proportion of width to length being 14 : 30 in A. th. thoracicus and 14 : 35 in ^. <^. sepifera. Bristles (on the two sides together) of VI. st. 7, VII. st. 7 or 8, and on VIII. st. 8 to 10 long lateral (!) ones. In one specimen the left exopodite F has a smallish spiniform in between the two large ones, but more lateral. On VI. st. of $ 14 to 16 bristles, and on VII 20 to 23, on the two sides together. Total number of apical spines on abdominal tergites in cJ(J 14 to 16, in $? 15 to 19.
Fig. 14. — Ainphipsylla th&racicua thoracicus ^.
5. Leptopsylla silvatica Meinert 1896.
Imofoss, 11. and 12.viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, 4 (^cJ ; 12.vui., on
Microtns ratticeps, 1 $. Punta, 15. and lO.viii., on Microtus agrestis, 2 $$ ;
19. and 20.viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, 2 (J (J, 1 $; 20.viii., on Evotomys rutilus, 1 $ ; 23.viii., on Sorex araneiis, 1 $. Cf. antea, p. 254.
6. Corrodopsylla birulai Joff 1927.
Goeidnovuoppe, 25.vii., on Neotomys fodiens, 3 (^<j* ; 27. and 29.viii., on
Microtus ratticeps, 1 cJ, 2 $$, 25.vii., on Evotomys rutilus, 1 $. Kautokeino,
5 . viii . , on Sorex araneus, 1 $. Joff described this species as Doratopsylla
birulai from a single $ found on Rattus rattus norwegicus at Tchita, Transbaicalia. In 1929 Wagner {Konowia, p. 316) added the description of a ^ obtained at Brjansk iia European Russia and proposed for this species and the North American Doratopsylla curvata Roths. 1915 the subgenus Corrodopsylla, which I prefer to
260 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
treat as a genus. The specimens from Lapland do not seem to differ from the Russian (J and the Transbaicalian $.
7. Rhadinopsylla casta Jord. 1928.
Imofoss, 12.viii., on Microtus ratliceps, 1 ^J, 1 $. Punta, 15.viii., on
Ei'otomys rufocanus, 2 ^J^J. The total number of apical spines on the abdominal
tergites I to VI is 26, 27 and 35 in the 'i i^S, and 26 in the $.
8. Ctenophthalmus uncinata Wagner 1898.
Imofoss, 12.viii., on Microtus ratticeps, 1 (J, 2 $9 i IS.viii., on Evotomys rufocanus, 1 ^.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1032.
201
SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY HERR GEORG STEIN IN THE
HIGH TATRA.
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 4 text -figures.)
1. Amphipsylla thoracicus hetera subsp. nov. (text-fig. 15). J$. The $ does not present any differences from A. thoracicus Roths. 1911. In the c] the bristles of abdominal sternite VIII are slenderer and slightly more numerous and there are at the apex of this segment about twice as many minute pale spiniform bristles than in A. th. sepifera J. & R. 1920 ; manubrium of clasper gently curved upwards ; process P narrower than in A. th. sepifera ;
Fig. 15. — Amphipsylla thoracicus hetera ^.
exojjodite F apically more rounded on the posterior side and less evidently truncate ; between the two pointed spiniforms only two small hairs. Total number of apical spines on abdominal tergites in (^ 19, in 9? 16 ; bristles on abdominal sternites in <j' VI 10, VII 10, in ?$ VI 13 and 14, VII 19, on VIII. st. in i^ 13 long lateral ones (on the two sides together).
Mlynicat valley, 2.x. 29, on Pitymys sp., 1 ^ (type), 2 $?.
2. Palaeopsylla steini sp. nov. (text-figs. 17, 18). (J?. Very close to P. kohanti Dam])f 1910, differing in the tail-ends. (J. Clasper and exopodite jjractically the same as in P. kohauti, but the apical portion of ninth sternite (IX. st.) longer and much more gradually narrowed, not
262
No\^TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
^t roy»
A-Ut.ltur.
subtruncate, the spiniforms more numerous. Armature of aedeagus (= penis plu.s accessory sclerites) remarkably different. We figure for comparison the
aedeagus of P. kohauli (text-fig. 16, specimen from Misurina, Dolomites, the organ the same in specimens from other districts inclusive of Great Britain) ; the external paramere (Ext. Par.) surrounds the inner one (Int. Par.), its ventral apical angle (va) is produced downwards, and the distal margin subdorsally angu- late, this angle projecting sometimes a little more than in our figure, sometimes less ; the small tooth (or rather what appears as such in a lateral aspect) lying above the end-tube of the penis shorter in P. kohauti than in P. steini. The external (or lateral) jjaramere of P. steini (text-fig. 17) is apically strongly chitinized, truncate, with the dorsal angle produced into a strong hook and the ventral angle (va) rounded off, not produced downwards ; the inner (or dorsal) paramere is more distal than the outer one and much shorter than in P. kohauti. $. Sternite VII varies a great deal, as shown in text-fig. 18, a-c, the two sides of the same specimen not even being quite alike ; in all three examples we
Fig. 17. — Palaeopsylla steini q.
Fig. 18. — Palaeopsylla steini $.
have of this sex of P. steini the upper portion of the apical margin projects much less than in P. kohauti, the small median lobe (ml) projecting farther anad than the upper lobe, whereas in P. kohauti the dorsal lobe extends much beyond the apex of the median lobe.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 263
Nove Stbske Pleso, ix.29, on Talpa europaea, 4 ^^J, 3 9?- In the (J (J from the Dolomites and Swiss Alps sternite IX is less truncate than in Dampf's figure and than in British specimens. We have no topotypical material of P. kohauti (East Prussia). I expect Himgarian specimens to belong to P. sieini, not to P. kohauti.
3. Rhadinopsylla casta Jord. 1928.
Stbske Pleso, 26. ix.29, on Microtus agrestis, 1 (J. Hitherto only known
from Switzerland and the Dolomites. The specimen agrees well with the o^J from the Dolomites (we have no Swiss (^). Recorded from Lapland, antea, p. 257.
4. Ceratophyllus penicilliger thube 1852. Stbske Pleso, 2.x. 29, on PHymys sp., a small series.
5. Leptopsylla silvatica Meinert 1896.
Stbske Pleso, 26 . ix . 29, on Microtus agrestis, a small series ; also on Evotomys sp., 30. ix.29, a small series. Cf. antea, pp. 254 and 256.
6. Doratopsylla dasycnemus Roths. 1897. Stbske Pleso, 29. ix.29, on Sorex araneiis, a few specimens.
7. Hystrichopsylla talpae Curtis 1826. Stbske Pleso, 26. ix.29, on Microtus agrestis, 1 (J.
264 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
A NEW XENOPSYLLA FROM HAWAII.
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 4 text-figures.)
COME time in 1931 I asked Mr. Harold R. Hagan, of the University of Hawaii, whether he could procure for me fleas from the native Hawaiian rat, as I expected this rat, if really indigenous, to have a species of flea of its own. Mr. Hagan very kindly acceded to my reqixest and sent in June 1932 a large number of fleas collected on rats by Dr. C. R. Eskey, of the U.S. Bureau of Public Health, « ho had been making a survey of the flea situation in the Hawaiian islands. Among this material there is a series of specimens of a new Xenopsylla found principally on Raitiis hawaiiensis . I am very grateful to Dr. C. R. Eskey and Mr. Hagan for sidjmitting the material to me for study.
Xenopsylla hawaiiensis sp. nov. (text-figs. 19, 20).
(J$. A near relative of A', vexabilis Jord. 1925, known to me from Australia and New Guinea, and of X. nesiotes J. & R. 1908, from Christmas I., south of Java. All three species (or are they geographical developments of one species ?) agree with the African X. nubicus Roths. 1903 and the Indian X. astia Roths. 1911 in the ventral arm of the IX. st. of the (J being only ventrally sclerified, and with X. cheopis Roths. 1903 hi the general shape of the receptaculum seminis of the $. Whereas in the (^^J of X. nubicus and X. astia the paramere has a free, dorsal, apical, thom-Hke process, the paramere is conical, and without that process in X. nesiotes, X. vexabilis and the sp. nov. In the last two species the longest bristle of segment II of hindtarsus reaches in cJ and $ beyond IV, which is not the case in X. nesiotes ; in this species the ventral tooth before the apex of the ejaculatory tube is shorter than in the other two and there is no projecting ventral tubercle posterior to the vesicle as m X. vexabilis and A', hawaiiensis ; the non-sclerifled portion of the ventral side of process P- of clasper is in X. hawaiiensis at least as long as, usually longer than, the sclerifled apical portion, whereas in X. vexabilis and X. nesiotes the sclerified portion is the longer one ; in the o of X. nesiotes there is a row of three longish apical bristles on each side of the IX. t. behind the pygidium, in the two other species the median bristle is small. Last ventral bristle of VIII. st. of cJ as near to apical margin as in X. nesiotes and X. vexabilis. On the whole the bristles of X. hawaiiensis are more numerous than in X. vexabilis and less numerous than in X. nesiotes. Number of lateral bristles on outer surface of hindtibia in X. hawaiiensis 8 to 11, in X. vexabilis 7 to 9, in X. nesiotes 10 to 14 ; subventral lateral bristles on outer surface of hindtibia in X. hawaiiensis cj 1 to 4, $ 4 or 5, in X. vexabilis <^$ 2, m X. nesiotes o$ 4 to 6, usually 5 or 6. Bristles on outer surface of hindtarsal segment I in X. hawaiiensis 3 to 5, in X. vexabilis 3 or 4, in X. nesiotes 6 to 9. On outer surface of VIII. st. of ^J in X. hawaiiensis 14 to 17, in X. vexabilis 13 or fewer, in X. nesiotes over 20. On outer surface of VIII. t. of 5 inclusive of marginal row (but exclusive of marginal bristles of inner side) in X. hawaiiensis 27 to 33, in X. vexabilis 19, ui X. nesiotes 35 or 36.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
265
In the number of bristle-s on the metepimerum and the abdominal tergites
I to VII and sternites III to VI X. hawaiiensis agrees with X. nesiotes, whereas X. vexabilis has fewer bristles : on metepimerum in X. hawaiiensis 12 to 14, in X. vexabilis 8 to 11 ; on abdominal tergites in X. hawaiiensis I 7 to 10, 6 or 7,
II 15 to 17, III 16 or 17, in X. vexabilis I 5 or 6, 6, II 14 or 15, III 14 or 15. On sternites in X. hawaiiensis <^ III 8, rarely 7, IV 8, rarely 7, V 7 to 9, VI 8 to 10, VII 9 or 10, in ? Ill 8 to 10, IV 9 or 10, V 10, VI 10 to 13, VII 10 to 12, in X. vexabilis ^ III to VII 6, in ? Ill 6, IV 7, V 8, VI 8, VII 8.
Spermatheca larger than in the two allied species, as wOl be seen from figures 20-22, which are drawn to scale. In both X. hawaiiensis (text-fig. 20) and
Fig. 21. — X. vexahilis. 22. — X. nesiotes.
X. vexabilis (text-fig. 21) its tail is much more ventricose than in X. nesiotes (text-fig. 22) ; moreover, the tail is considerably longer and more strongly curved. The head of the spermatheca is more strongly convex dorsally in X. hawaiiensis than in X. vexabilis, whereas in the latter the head shows a sweUing ventrally between tail and orifice ; the brown tint of the tail extends farther up in X. vexabilis and the pale apical portion is correspondingly shorter. As we have only one $ of X. vexabilis, we do not know whether these distinctions will hold good. In the diagnosis of X. vexabilis (Nov. Zool. xxxii. 1925, p. 100), it is said that the spermatheca is variable and that we had one pair ; this con- tradiction requires explanation. The diagnosis was based on a (J and a $ ; when correcting the proofs I found that we had a second $, unmounted, from the same place and ho.st ; the spermatheca appeared to differ to some extent from that of the mounted specimen, and I added the word variable to the state- ment " the spermatheca nearly as in X. nesiotes," and forgot to say that we had a $ besides the pair. The specimen is now mounted, and I find that its sperma- theca is far more different than it appeared to be when stiU in alcohol ; the specimen probably represents a new species ; more material is required.
Process P^ of the clasjier (text-fig. 19) bears 6 bristles, 3 of them at apical
266 NoViTATES ZoOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
margin, 2 lateral close to them and one dorso-niarginal, occasionally one of the lateral bristles missing or an additional apical one present. The dark collar above the apical tube of the ejaculatory duct much narrower than in X. nesiotes, as is also the case in X. vexabilis.
Length ^ 1-6-1-7 mm., $ 2-0-2-3 mm.
Hawaiian Islands : Honokaa, Hawaii ; and Maui ; on rats, especially on Battits hawaiiensis, a series.
The species was obtained together with a number of other fleas, a list of which has been sent to Dr. C. R. Eskey. X. cheopis Roths. 1903 was commoner than X. hawaiievsis .
Dr. C. R. Eskey has given me the following interesting information : " X. hawaiiensis has a very peculiar distribution. For example, not a single specimen of it has been found in Honolulu or vicinity, while it is quite common on rats caught about 9 miles away on the opposite side of the island. It is essentially a flea of field rats and rarely found on rats caught in buildings."
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 267
NEW OEIENTAL FLEAS. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 10 text-figures.)
1. Trichopsylla homoeus carenis subsp. nov. ■pvIFFERS from T. homoeus homoeus Roths. 1906 in bearing fewer and thinner ^-^ bristles, especially in the ^J.
cj^. Metepimerum with 7 bristles in ^ (4, 3), with 12 to 13 in ? (6, 6 ; 7, 6 ; 8, 5 ; 7, 5). Bristles on abdominal tergites below stigmata on each side : in cJ II 2, 1 or 2, 2, III 2, 1 or 2, 2, IV 1, 1, V 1, VI 1, VII 1, VIII 3, in ? II 4, 2 or 3, 2, III 3, 1, IV 1, V 1, VI 0, VII 0, VIII 7 to 10 ; above stigmata on the two sides together : in (^ I 11, 9, II 13, 12, III 10, 11, IV 5, 11, V 2, 11, VI 2, 11, VII 9, 2, VIII 7, in $ I 12, 9 or 10, II 13 to 15, 12, III 7 to 11, 11 or 12, IV 5, 10 to 12, V 3, 11, VI 2, 10, VII 2 or 3, 10, VIII 7 to 9 ; on abdominal sternites : in cJ III 13, VI 5, VII 4, in ? VI 12 or 19, VII 12 or 13. On out- and inside of hindfemur in (J 8, in $ on outside 11 or 12, on inside 10 or 11 ; on midfemur in ^ on outside 4 or 6, on inside 4 or 5, in $ on outside 4. On outside of hindtibia 10 lateral bristles. Pygidium with 14 or 15 grooves on each side. Tibiae with 6 dorsal notches inclusive of apical one. At posterior side of clasper of ^, from near manubrium to apical angle 22 to 25 marginal bristles, on outer surface about 5 lateral ones, on inner surface from acetabulum downwards 3 or 4.
Upper Burma : Myitkyna, off Mustela sp. (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward), 1 ^ (type), 2 ??.
2. Paraceras pendleburyi sp. nov. (text-figs. 23, 24).
(J?. Close to P. javanicus Ewing 1 924, differing in some detail of the tail-ends. In (J VIII. t. with more marginal and submarginal long bristles and fewer lateral ones ; process P of clasper longer, reaching to anterior apical angle of exopodite F ; dorsal margin of F less convex, the posterior apical flap broader and shorter, and the midcUe one of the three subapical marginal bristles much more spiniform than in P. javanicus ; apical lobe of IX. st. narrower. The only known (J of P. javanicus, in U.S. Nat. Mus. (Washington), not being cleared, the details of structure are much obscured.
In $ the ventral angle of VII. st. produced and very acute, the projection being much narrower than in P. javanicus, recalling P. saiiteri Roths. 1914, from Formosa. Stylet longer. P. melinus Jord. 1925, described from a single $ without locality (presumably from India), is another form closely related to P. pendleburyi ; it agrees with it in the thorax and abdomen bearing fewer smaU bristles than in P. javanicus, but the ventral apical lobe of VII. st. is obtuse, rounded-emarginate. P. pendleburyi differs from both P. javanicus and P. melinus in the midtarsal segment I being much shorter, the proportional lengths of this segment and the midtibia being in P. javanicus 1 : 2-4, in P. melinus 1 : 2-5 and in P. pendleburyi 1 : 2-9. In all three species the proboscis is shorter than in P. melis Walk. 1856 and allies, reaching at most to the apex of the trochanter.
268
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVITI. 11)32.
CI
VIII. t.
P....&
,IX.st.
in
-^:
V
IX.st.--
•^ Y VII. St.
3r
-VIM. St.
Fia. 23. — Paraceras pendlebiiryi ^.
Fig. 24. — Paraceras peyidlebiiryi ^.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
269
Bristles on abdominal tergites of P. pendleburyi : in (J I 15 to 25, 11 or 12, II 13 to 21, 14 to 16, III 11 to 17, 14 to 16, IV 9 to 15, 14 to 16, V 10 to 14, 14 to 16, VI 9 to 12, 13 or 14, VII 8 to 12, 12 to 15 ; in ? I 15 to 22, 10, II 14 to 16, 13 or 14, III 12 to 14, 14 or 15, IV 12 to 15, 13 or 14, V 9 to 14, 13 or 14, VI 7 to 10, 12 or 13, VII 3 to 10, II or 12. On sternites III to VI in ^ usually 6, on VII usually 7 : ^J III 4 to 6, IV 4 to 6, VI 6, VII 6 or 7 ; in $ III 6 or 7, IV 7 to 9, V 7 to 10, VI 7 to 12, VII 13 to 16 (on the two sides together).
North Borneo : Kamborangah, Mt. Kinabalu, iv.l929, on Helictis everetti, a series (H. M. Pendlebury).
3. Ctenophthalmus crudelis sp. nov. (text- fig. 25).
?. Stigma of VIII. t. large, last ventral bristle of VIII. t. subspiniform, placed above the last long one, as in Ci. assimilis Taschenb. 1880 and a large number of other species ; distinguished by the VII. st. and the spermatheca.
Tubercle of frons well below middle. Proboscis slender. Pronotal comb of 15 spines (inclusive of small ventral one each side), the dorsal spines about one-tliird longer than the pronotum ; a row of 10 bristles. On mesonotum a fairly large number dorsally between the anterior rows and base. On metanotum about 6 bristles in front of the 2 rows. Ab- dominal tergites likewise with 2 rows, containing on III 13, 14, IV 12, 14, VI 11, 12, and on VII 8, 9, there being in addition a few bristles in front of the anterior row ; on sternites III 4, 11, IV 3,
10, V 4, 10, VI 6, 9, VII 1, 9. Hmdtibia with 7 dorsal notches, long postmedian bristles on one tibia half the length of the tibia, on the other two-fifths only ; longest apical bristle of hindtarsal segment II reaching to subapical notch of III. VII. st. not incrassate at margin, a deep rounded sinus divides the segment into a very prominent, irregularly triangular, upper lobe and a much broader, but very feebly convex lower lobe, the apical margin oblique from this lobe to ventral margin which it reaches a short distance behind the long ventral bristle. VIII. t. ventrally with 8 bristles. Stylet thrice as long as broad. Head of spermatheca broader than in the allied species, widest m middle, rather strongly convex above in middle (malformation ?).
Length 2-5 mm., hindfemur 0-34 mm.
Upper Burma : Myitkyna (Capt. F. Kingdon Ward), 1 $, host not mentioned.
<'ll.st
Fig. 25. — Ctenophthalmus crudelis $.
270
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
i. Palaeopsylla remota Jord. 1929 (text-fig. 26). Described from a single West Chinese ?. The 3 ?$ obtained by Harold
Stevens in Sikkira agree with the type.
Fio. 'IG. — Palaeopsylla remota cj.
In my figme of the type tlie portion below the subventral lobe of VII. St. is rather too wide, the lobe being nearer the ventral margin than in the figure. In the Q the exopodite ex- tends beyond the apex of the clasper (text-fig. 21), is about five times as long as broad and almost exactly as long as the m a n u b r i u m measured ventrally from the extreme base of F ; the apex is almost evenly Anterior and posterior ventral arm gradually
rounded or posteriorly sUghtly flatter than anteriorly.
dorsal angles of vertical arm of IX. st. projecting, acute
narrowed, with 4 or 5 short bristles at apex, of which the uppermost is the
strongest, and a few additional ventral bristles farther frontad. Parameres
with 2 sharp hooks on each side.
Sikkim : Lingtam, 1 .ii.3I, on Anourosorex assamensis, 3 pairs (H. Stevens).
5. Palaeopsylla incurva sp. nov. (text-figs. 27, 28).
$. Close to P. remota Jord. 1929 from China and Sikkim, differs especially m the spines of the pronotal comb being concave on their dorsal sides, and the proboscis reaching to apical third of coxa.
Head shorter than in the various European species ; genal spines nearly as
Fig. 27. — Palaeopsylla incurva $.
VIII. St.
Vll.st.
Fio. 28. — Palaeopsylla incurva $.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 271
in p. sorecis Dale 1878, but the second and third spines (from below) broader, second obtuse as in P. sorecis, not pointed as in P. remota. Pronotum convex dorsally (text-fig. 27), with a comb of 16 spines (inclusive of a small ventral one each side), dorsal spines obtuse, fourth from above acuminate, fifth and sixth more sharply pointed and longer. Lower antepygidial bristle two-thirds the length of the middle one, longer than in other species. VII. st. (text-fig. 28) divided by a triangular sinus into a broad, romided, upper lobe and a narrow, triangular, longer lower one (the sinus somewhat broader on right side in the unique specimen, as indicated by a dotted line) ; in P. remota the lower lobe is subventral and the sinus above it broadly rounded ; 1 1 large and 1 1 small bristles on the two sides together. VIII. t. as in P. remota with a cluster of 6 apical bristles, of which 3 are quite small, and 3 about the size of the anterior bristles of the abdominal tergites, the lowest of them being the longest. VIII. st. with 3 longisli bristles as in P. remota. Spermatheca somewhat humped dorsally.
North-east Burma : Adung Valley, off Sorex sp., 1 $ (Capt. F. Kingdon- Ward and Lord Cranbrook).
6. Neopsylla dispar sp. nov. (text-figs. 29, 30).
cJ$. Near N. stevensi Roths. 1915 and allies ; cf. Nov. Zool. xxxvi. p. 220 (1931). In 3* the ventral arm of IX. st. rather broad, with long bristles along ventral margin, without spines ; in $ VII. st. deeply sinuate, head of sperma- theca short, tail long.
On pronotum a comb of 20 or 21 spines, which are one-half longer than pronotum in ^, only a little longer than pronotum in $ ; bristles in ^0, 12, in $ 5, 12 (the two sides together). Bristles on mesonotum in S 26 (approxi- mately), 14, in $ 30, 12 ; on metanotum in ^ 22, 14, in ? 31, 12 ; on metepimerum in S 5, 4, 1, in 9 5 or 6, 6, 1.
Spines on abdominal tergites in ^ 1 5, II 4, III 4, IV 2, V 2, in ? I to V 2 ; bristles in cJ II 16, 18, III 14, 18, IV 8, 17, V 7, 15, VI 5, 16, VII 5, 13, in ? II 25, 17, III 26, 17, IV 25, 17, V 19, 17, VI 19, 16, VII 18, 13. On sternites in (J III 13, IV 10, V 10, VI 8, VII 12, in $ III 23, IV 16, V 18, VI 16, VII 27.
On inner sm'f ace of hindcoxa a patch of 9 to 11 short spiniforms in (^, 6 or 7 in ?.
Modified Segments. — ^. VIII. st. unfortunately broken (text-fig. 29), its apical margin apparently almost evenly rounded, proximally to it 5 or 0 bristles, four of them evidently very long, on sides and near ventral margin about 9, some of which are short. Manubrium narrow, rather strongly curved upwards, more so than in N. sondaica Jord. 1931 ; process P' of clasper (CI) short, with 3 long marginal bristles on outside and 3 smalUsh ones, 2 of them lateral, 1 dorsal ; process P'' nnich longer than P', evenly rounded at apex, groove for reception of subapical angle of F near apex ; exopodite F lanceolate, its free anterior margin half the length of F, on posterior margin, which is almost evenly rounded in ventral half, with some small bristles, of which one each near apex, above middle and below middle is longer. Ventral arm of IX. st. very distinctive, its apex obliquely truncate, the ventral angle more or less rounded, at upper angle 2 thin bristles, further down 4 long ones, and at ventral margin beyond middle a tow of 4, of which 2 are long (on right side arm of IX. st. the posterior bristle of this
272
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Fig. 29. — Neopsylla dispar (J.
row nearer to ajiex than on left arm here figured).
deeply divided by a triangular
sinus, the upper lobe gradually
narrowed to a point, the lower
one not projecting beyond the
apical angle of the ventral margin
of the segment, its margin slanting
distad from sinus, slightly rounded.
On each side of VIII. t. about 10
small dorsal bristles, on ventro-
apical area 10 or 11 on outside
and 9 or 10 on inside. Head of
spermatheca less than twice as «W.
long as broad, somewhat widening
towards tad, which, measured
along the outside ciuve, is more
than twice the length of the
head.
-?. VII. St. (text-fig. 30)
VII. St.
Fig. 30. — Neopsylla dispar $.
NOVITATBS ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
273
North-east Burma : Adung Valley, on Epimy.s sp. Kingdon Ward and Lord Cranbrook).
1931, a pair (Capt. F.
Xenodaeria gen. nov.
(J. In the shape of the ])ronotuni similar to CaenopsyUa Roths. 1909, but otherwise very different. Labial palpus with 4 segments ; a vertical genal comb as in RhadinopsyUa J. & R. 1912 ; occiput with a median dorsal incrassation (text -fig. 31); from below frontal tubercle to vestigial eye an internal incrassation slightly resembling the letter S.
Pronotum dorsally more than twice as long as ventrally, measured from bases of spines, posterior margin incurved, spines strongly incurved, except lower ones, gradually decreasing in length from third from below upwards. Meta- sternum as in RhadinopsyUa with long median projection and short sharp lateral one ; metepimerum without the patch of dense striation present in Rhadiifopsylla. Three antepygidial bristles. Pygidium with 14 gi'ooves each side. Hindcoxa in apical half with about 10 small lateral hairs on inner siu'face. Segment V of all tarsi with five pairs of plantar bristles, the first pair placed in between the second. VIIL st. (^) very large. Genotype : X. telios sp. nov.
7. Xenodaeria telios sp. nov. (text-figs. 31, 32).
^. Frons short (from comb to tubercle), almost evenly rounded from occiput to maxillary palpus, with a small tubercle a little below middle, a frontal row of 6 bristles from near antennal groove to near maxillary palpus, rather stout at base, thin at apex, the third from above almost spiniform ; on sides 2 bristles, and 1 at an- tennal groove ; a comb of 4 genal spines, the first from above half the length of the second, the other two a little shorter than second, fourth narrower ; genal process narrow, pro- jecting well beyond comb ; first segment of maxillary palpus longer than last ; proboscis reaching to apical fourth of coxa. Occiput a very little longer than the distance from frontal tubercle to tip of longest genal spine, with 3 rows of bristles, groove open.
Pronotum with a comb of 16 spines, the dorsal spines rounded at tip, the narrow ventral one straight and pointed ; a row of 9 bristles. Meso- and meta- notum with two rows of bristles, the posterior containing 8, mesonotum with a
18
Fig. 31. — Xenodaeria telios (J.
Bristles of second segment of antenna short. Antennal
274
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
few additional dorsal bristles in front of the rows and with 6 false subapical spines {on the two sides together). On mesopleura 7 bristles, on metepisternum 1, on metepimeruni 4 (2, 2) ; no apical spine on nietanotum, but the margin minutely serrate dorsally.
Abdominal tergites like thoracic tergites somewhat more strongly cliitinized dorsally than is usual ; number of apical spines on I to V 2 ; number of bristles on I 8, 8, II 10, 12, III 7, 12, IV (i, 12, V 5, 12, VI 4, 12, VII 3, 11, one bristle below stigma. Median antepygidial bristle long and strong, ujjper about one- third, lower about two-thirds of median one ; the segment very slightly projecting between the two sets. Bristles on sternites III to VIII 4.
Hindcoxa broad, barely one-fourth longer than broad, measured from anterior apical angle to articulation with thorax ; one subapical bristle posteriorly. HLiidfemur with 3 subapical ventral bristles on outside, 1 on inside, the shorter of the two apical dorsal bristles similar to the lateral bristles of the tibia, but
Fig. 32. — Xenodaeria telios ^.
curved (not abbreviated). Hindtibia with 7 dorsal notches inclusive of apical one and a single additional bristle between fifth and sixth, the long bristle of the fifth longer than its distance from a])ex of tibia, the longest apical one not quite reaching apex of hindtarsal segment I, on outside of tibia 14 or 15 bristles, one of them close to the fifth dorsal pair, on mside no lateral bristles. None of the tarsal bristles reach to the apex of the segment following ; lengths of segments : midtarsus 13, 11, 7-5, 5, 12 ; hindtarsus 30, 19, 12, 8, 13.
Modified Segments. — ,^. Stigma of VIII. t. continued to dorsal margin of segment as a narrow stripe bearing scattered hair-like spicules (text-fig. 32). IX. t. raised behind pygidium into a tubercle (lateral aspect) which bears a fairly stout bristle ; on anal sternite (X. st.) two apical bristles on each side. Body of clasper (CI) almost gradually rounded-narrowed frontad, with a very short ajjpendage. A heavy dorsal bristle marks the beginning of process P, which is
NOVITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXVIII. 1932. 275
about one-fourth longer (on antero-dorsal side) than broad, ahno.st rhombiform, with the anterior upper angle rounded and projecting upwards, the posterior upper angle 90°, the apical margin slightly incurved ; one acetabular bristle, long, ijlaced on a projection of the clasper, the margin above the bristle being incurved. E.xopodite F claw-like, a little projectuig above P, posterior margin evenly curved, with about (5 very thin small bristles, apex pointed. Widened apical portion of vertical arm of IX. st. long, gradually narrowed to a point, anterior side slightly concave, posterior side convex in middle, narrow apex curved upwards ; ventral arm gradually widened and at apex narrowed, the apical portion dorsaUy and ventrally rounded, almost elongate-elliptical, but ventraUy convex from apex to below middle, and dorsally convex only towards apex ; from apex to middle about a dozen small bristles at ventral margin. Neither IX. st. nor lamina of penis with wire-like levers. Paramere dorsaUy with a club-like sclerite densely studded with short teeth directed ventrad.
Length 2-2 mm. ; hmdfemur 0-32 mm.
Sikkim : Lingtam, on Linsang pardicolor, 1 .ii.31, 1 <^ (H. Stevens).
270 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
SIPHONAPTERA COLLECTED BY HAROLD STEVENS ON THE KELLEY-ROOSEVELT EXPEDITION IN YUNNAN AND SZECHUAN.
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
(With 17 text-figures.)
'T'HE collection is an important contribution to our knowledge of the fleas of China. Twelve species were obtained, one of them represented by 2 sub- species ; of these 13 different forms no fewer than 10 are new, and the remaining 3 are represented b^' specimens among which there is the hitherto unknown sex. Two of the species are so different from everything hitherto discovered that new genera have to be proposed for their reception. We draw special attention to species No. 13, a most striking insect. We thank Mr. H. Stevens very sincerely for making this fine collection and Dr. W. H. Osgood for placing it at our disposal and giving me the names of the hosts.
Mr. Stevens travelled via Burma to Yunnan, and then joined the Kelley- Roosevelt Expedition in West China.
1. Ceratophyllus sinicus sp. nov. (text-fig. 33).
$. Near C. rossitlensis Dampf 1912, but apex of bursa copulatrix sclerified, and the sclerified portion of the duct of the spermatheca much longer, being nearly as long as in C. vagabunda Boh. 1863 ; differs from the latter species in the short stylet, the much less extended sclerification of the bursa copulatrix, the incurved abdominal sternite VII, the smaller number of bristles on the inner surface of the hindcoxa, etc.
Anterior row on frons with 4 or 5 bristles, the middle one smaller than in C. rossitlensis ; bristles on occiput 1 or 2, 2 and 6, above antennal groove about 16 small ones inclusive of those at posterior angle, which are longer. Genal process ventraUy less rounded than in C. rossiUeiisis. Antennal segment II with 6 long bristles at apical margin, i.e. fewer than in the allied species.
Pronotum with a comb of 28 spines and a row of 14 long bristles. On meso- and metanotum a row of 11 or 12 and in front of the row about 22 small bristles, somewhat irregularly jilaced, 8 false spines on mesonotum ; on mesopleura 5 or 6 long bristles and anteriorly about 6 small ones ; on metepimeium 2, 3, 1 on one side, 3, 3, 1 on the other.
Stigma-cavity of abdominal tergites III to VII round, that of VIII more prolonged ujiwards than in C. rossitlensis and C. vayahunda ; number of bristles on tergites (the two sides together) : I 30, 10, II 24, 12, III 20, 14, VI 23, 14, Vn 25, 13 ; on sternites : III 4, 6, IV 2, 6, V 2, 8, VI 3, 8, VII 10, 9 ; on VIII. t. above stigma (on each side) 10 or 11, below stigma 3 or 4, of which 2 or 3 are long, on lower surface 12 on one side, 15 on the other, inclusive of apical marginal ones, on inner side 4 subapical short ones. Stj'let less than twice as long as broad.
On inside of hindcoxa in apical hah a submarginal row of 3 bristles on left coxa and 5 on right one, no submarginal bristles on inside farther dorsad. On outside of midfemur 1 subapical subventral bristle, above it 1 or 2 lateral ones, on inside 1 subventral near apex, 2 lateral ones in anterior half, and 1 ventral
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIC'AE XXXVIII. 1932.
277
Fig. 33. — Ceratophyllus slnicus $.
towards subbasal notch ; on outside of hindfemur 1 subventral .siibapical bri-stle, no lateral ones, on inside 4 or 5 lateral ones, besides the subapical one and the subbasal one (not eovinting the jiair in the subbasal notch); on outside of hindtibia 11 or 12 sub- dorsal lateral bristles ex- clusive of apical one.
VII. st. much less evenly rounded than in the allied species, its apical margin oblique and some- what incurved in ventral half, upper half strongly rounded and projecting beyond lower half. Scleri- fied portion of duct of spermatheca as long as bursa copulatrix plus its duct ; only a small apical portion of the bursa scleri-
fied. IX. t. at and near angle below stylet with 2 or 3 bristles, no marginal bristles faither frontad. Spermatheca as in C. vagabunda, very slightly
narrowing towards orifice.
Length: 3-3 mm. (somewhat
expanded), hindfemur : 0-47 mm. Szechuan : Wu-chi, May, on
Ochoiona catisa, 1 $.
2. Ceratophyllus euteles J. & R. I'Jll (text-fig. 34).
Yunnan: Ymi-ning, 21. and 24.iii., on Dremomys •pertiyi
griselda, 2 (J (J, 3 $$. Szechuan :
Mi-hola, 10,000 feet, 25.iii., on Dremomys pernyi griselda, 2 $$ ; MuH, 30.iii. and 6.iv., on Callosciurus erythraeus gloveri, 2 3'cJ, 1 ?; Wu-chi, 10. v., on Ochoiona cansa, 1 q ; Yulong- kong, 4.vii., on Dremomys pernyi griselda, 3 $$ ; Omi-shan to Liang- fing-kang, 8.x., on Tamiops swinhoei, 1 $.
Fig. 34. — Ceratophyllus euteles q.
278
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Described by us from 3 9? obtained by M. P. Anderson 23 miles S.-E. of Ta-tsien-lu on Sciurotamias davidianus consobrinus. The species is close to C. fivibriahis J. & R. 1921 from the Western Himalayas, the two possibly being geographical representatives of one species. The t^ of C. euteles differs in the clasper being more rounded on the distal side, the acetabular bristles not being placed on a j^rojection, in process P being shorter, the base of F narrower and the apex broader, the stout upper one of the ventral spinLtorms of F farther dorsal than in C. fimbriatus and stouter, and the long ventral spiniform much longer and first incurved and then excurved. In the $ the abdominal sternite VII has the apical margin either slightly incurved or slantmg.
3. Frontopsylla spadix cansa subsp. nov. (text-figs. 35, 36). 1^$. Very close to the following subspecies ; in ,^ exopodite F apically about one-sixth or one-seventh wider, large apical spiniform longer ; in $ sinus
VIII. St.
Fig. 35. — Frontopsylla spadix cansa (J.
Fig. 36. — Frontopsylla spadix cansa §.
of VII. St. deeper, the lobe above it therefore longer, in the 2 specimens from Wu-chi much narrower than in the one from Ku-lu (text-fig. 36 a and b from Wu-chi, c from Ku-lu).
Szechuan : Ku-lu, 25. iv., on Ochotona thibeiana, 3 i^^, 1 $; Wu-chi, 13. and 16. v., on Ochotona cansa, 3 cjcj, 2 $$.
4. Frontopsylla spadix spadix J. & R. 1921. Yunna : Nguluko, '2Q . ii ., on Apodemus silvaticus latorwm, 1 (^.-
-Described
from a single $ obtained in Upper Burma. The ,^ is like F. sp. cansa except for the small differences mentioned under the preceding subspecies.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
279
5. Paradoxopsyllus custodis sp. nov. (text-figs. 37, 38).
(5*?. Near P. curvispinus Miyajama 1909, but bri.stles of hindtarsus pro- longed neither in $ nor in (J ; hindtibia with 9 dorsal notches, of which the third, sixth and seventh bear one bristle. In cj VIII. t. without lateral patch of long bristles, F of even width, strongly curved at base, apical lobe of ventral arm of IX. st. round at apex, irregularly long-ovate, etc. In $ VII. st. with small, but distinct, sinus.
Frons with 3 eye-bristles, in (^ an additional, moderately long one, at antennal groove behind the anterior row, this row consists in (^ of 6 bristles, in 9 of 2 ; on occiput 1, 2, .5, all rather slender with the exception of the ventral one of the j)osterior row, below this long bristle an additional short one. Chaeto-
.. Par
Fig. 37. — Paradoxopsylttis custodis ^.
taxy of thoracic and abdominal tergites nearly as in P. curvispinus ; in (^ abdo- minal tergites I to IV with an apical spine on each side. Bristles on abdominal sternites (the two sides together) : in ^ III 5 or 7, IV 6, V .5, VI 5 or 4, VII 3 or 6, VIII 4 or 5 ; in $ III 13, IV 10, V 6, VI 7, VII 8.
On inside of hindcoxa a submarginal row of 4 to 6 bristles. On hindfemur 1 subapical ventral bristle on both out- and inside (occasionally 2 on outside), and a subbasal lateral bristle on inside. Hindtibia with a subdorso-lateral row of 7 or 8 bristles on outside ; longest postmedian dorsal bristle reaching to or a little beyond apex of tibia, longest dorsal apical one extending somewhat beyond subapical notch of tai-sal segment I, but not to apex of I, longest of segment I to subapical notch of II, longest of II to apex of III or a very little beyond ; at anterior side of segment I 4 or 5 notches bearing bristles, on posterior side 6 (inclusive of ajjical notch). Measurements : midtarsus, in ^ 16, 14, 9 or 10, 7 or 7i, 14 or 15, in ? 18, 14, 10, 7, 14 ; hindtarsus, in (^ 32 or 33, 21, 12, 7 or 7J, 15 or 16, in ? 35, 21, 12, 7J, 15.
280
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932
Modified Segments. — q. On VIII. t. above stigma 3 or 4 sniaU bristles, below stigma 2 very long ones. Clasper more than twice as long as broad at the narrowest point, distally strongly rounded ventrally, and dorsally enlarged into a stout broad process P, which is obtusely triangular, about twice as broad at the base as high ; angle between manubrium M and inner portion of IX. t. very obtuse ; M slender ; upper acetabular bristle very long and placed well above the acetabulum, lower one very much smaller, about the size of the subdorsal bristles of the abdominal tergites, farther down at margin of clasper 4 smaller bristles. Exopodite F nearly even in width, two and one-half times as long (measiu-ed in a straight line) as broad, base strongly curved, ape.x very obliquely truncate on frontal side ; at posterior margin 4 bristles, not quite equidistant, the third the longest, about the size of the second acetabular. Vertical arm
of IX. st. narrow, apex strongly excised, with the posterior angle much more strongly projecting than the anterior ; median lobe of ventral arm broad, rounded, bearing, besides a few small hairs, three long brLstles, of which the median one is smallest, these bristles much shorter than in P. curvispinus ; apical lobe nearly twice as long as broad, irregularly ovate, apically evenly rounded. Armature of penis large, the end-portion consist- ing of a large ventral flap, curved up, slightly broadening towards apex, apically strongly rounded dorsally, whereas the ventral apical angle is distinct, but rounded off at tip ; this flap connected with the dorsal armature, consisting chiefly of a finger-like process which projects from the dorsal enveloping sheath. End of ejaculatory duct surrounded by sclerites which form a sort
of anvU. $. VII. st. with a small sinus below middle of apical margui ;
VIII. t. with 2 or 3 bristles above stigma, 1 long and 1 small below stigma, 8 or 9 on lower area, and 2 or 3 inside, of which 1 is marginal. Duct of bursa copulatrix strongly ciurved in middle, bursa rather large ; head of spermatheca subglobular, slightly depressed posteriorly on upperside, much shorter than the tail.
Length : (J 2 to 2-1 mm., ? 2-5 mm. ; hindfemur : ^ 0-38 mm., $ 0-40 mm. Szechuan ; Mu-U, 31 .iii., and Wu-chi, 15.v., on ^4wte/towi.«/scM*to.s, 2 cJo. 1 ?•
Vll/.st.
Fig. 38. — Paradoxopsyllus cuslodis $.
Geusibia gen. nov. ,5$. Near Clenophyllus Wagner 1927, but tibia and tarsal segment I of all legs densely liirsutc with minute hairs on the dorsal margin besides bearing long
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 281
bristles ; segment I of midtarsus one-half longer than II ; no antepygidial bristles in ^J, 3 in ?, VII. t. with median process which is short in $, and long in tJ, here reaching a little beyond middle of pygidium ; orifice of spermatheca on a prominent cone projecting downwards.
Frontal tubercle ])rominent, as in Frontopsylla Wagner & Joff 1920. Three eye-bristles which are placed in ^J far in front of the internal genal loop, the ventral one close behind base of maxUlary palpus. Proboscis reaching to near f of forecoxa in (J, to f in $. Both VIII. t. and VIII. st. of (^ large, the former conical, without a row of marginal bristles, VIII. t. dorso-laterally with an elongate, horizontal, sclerite bearing a condylus (Co), and evidently connecting VIII. t. with the inner surface of VII. t. (text-fig. 39). Process P of clasper as long as F, broad, conical. Apex of vertical arm of IX. st. broad, truncate- emarginate, with the upper and the frontal angles well projecting. VIII. st. on each side with two rod-like incrassations, which unite a basal third of segment, the lower one commencing at ventral frontal angle, the other about at | of anterior margin. Hindcoxa ((J9) slender, one-half longer than broad, in apical half of inner surface small hairs ; hindtibia with 8 dorsal notches, the third and sixth bearing a single stout bristle ; first pair of plantar bristles of tarsal segment
V distmctly bent mediad, as in allied genera. Genotype : GeitMbia torosa
sp. nov.
6. Geusibia torosa sp. nov. (text-figs. 39, 40).
(^$. On frons an anterior row of 5 or 6 bristles, which are the same in size as the dorsal bristles of the subapical row of the occiput, and a row of 3 large eye- bristles, no additional bristles, but a few small hairs. Occiput with 3 rows.
On pronotum a comb of 20 to 22 spines, usually 21, dorsal and lateral spines shorter than pronotum ; a row of 11 or 12 bristles. Meso- and metanotum with two rows and additional small bristles ; on mesopleura 10 to 12 long or longish bristles and at and near upper anterior angle about 9 to 15 small ones. Mete- pimerum in cJ on one side with 7 bristles (3, 3, 1), on the other with 10 (3, 2, 4, 1), in $ varying from 6 to 9 (2, 3, 1 — 3, 2, 1 — 5, 3, 1 — 4, 4, 1). Mesonotum with one short stout apical spine on each side.
Abdominal tergite I with 3 rows and some additional dorsal bristles, the other tergites with 2 rows : in J II (on the two sides together) 20, 16, III 16, 15, IV 15, 16, VII 8, 12; in ?: II 19 to 27, 13 to 16,111 16 to 22, 13 to 16, IV 12 to 17, 11 to 14, VII 3 to 9, 7 to 9. Tergites I to IV with one apical spine on each side, sometimes the spine missing on one side of IV. Sternite II in o with 1 or 2 minute lateral hairs, in $ usually without ; the other sternites (on the two sides together) : in J III 5, IV 4, V 5, VI G, VII 7 ; in $ III 4 to 6, IV 4 to 6, V 5 or 6, VI 6, VII 7 to 9, usually 8. Lower and median antepygidial bristles of $ long, median the longer, upper one much shorter.
Hindfemur with 2 subapical ventral bristles on outside and with or without a lateral one in basal fourth, on inside 1 subapical bristle, 1 lateral in basal fourth (occasionally 2 or 3 in $), ventrally 2 to 5 from subbasal notch to about J . Hind- tibia on outside with a row of 13 to 15 lateral subdorsal bristles, on inside a row of 5 or 6 ; long postmedian dorsal bristle longer than its distance from apex of tibia, longest apical one | the length of tarsal segment I. Longest apical bristle of hindtarsal segments I and II in <^ extending beyond, in $ at most slightly beyond, the apex of the segment following, the longest of III not quite to apex
282
NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
of IV ; at anterior margin of I about 7 to 10 notches, inclusive of apical one, the bristles in the proximal notches small, on posterior side 5 or 6 notches ; propor- tional lengths of segments : midtarsus, in cJ 41, 27, 19, 11, 21, in $ 29 to 37, 20 to 25, 14 to 16, 9 to 11, 18 to 20 ; hindtarsus, in ^ 67, 37, 25, 14, 23, in ? 49 to 60, 28 to 34, 19 to 24, 11 to 14, 20 to 23.
Modified Segments. — 3. VIII. t. an equilateral triangle (text-fig. 39) with the apex rounded off, the base ( = proximal margin) irregular, and the dorsal
39. — Gcitsibia torosa
and ventral margins somewhat rounded ; it bears about 15 long bristles on the side and 2 small marginal ones dorsally near apex, near stigma a few minute hairs. VIII. st. with a vertical jjroxinial margin which is dorsally incrassate, ventral margin gently rounded, incurved close to apex, dorsal margin deeply incurved beyond middle, the lobe from this sinus to apical margin about one-third longer than broad, dorsally rounded and densely striate subtransversely, apical margin subtruncate, dorsally rounded, very feebly chitinised, bearing 5 spiniforms curved frontad and below them about 6 subsjiiniform bristles more or less directed ventrad, proximally of these peculiar spines a patch of about 15 very short obtuse conical spiniforms, at three-qriarters of sides a horizontal row of 4 or 5 long
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
283
bristles, beyond which there is a patch of small hairs ; the rod-like incrassations form an equilateral triangle with the proximal margin ; the segment recalls that of the species of Ctenopht/llus. Dorsal internal forward projection of IX. t. short ; manubrium (M) of clasper measured ventrally one-fourth longer than its distance from apex of VIII. t. ; about lower two-thirds of clasper strongly rounded-dilated ventrad (i.e. at a nearly right angle to M) and here bearing at and near the margin many minute hairs ; a little more than upper third of clasper represented by a conical process P, which is a little broader than long and bears halfway to apex the two acetabular bristles, ajjex of process P rounded, at its frontal (= dorsal) side a row of about 10 bristles, some of which are quite small. Frontal side of exopodite F straight, with a regular row of small bristles (7 or 8), posterior margin somewhat rounded in upper half, incurved in middle, but less deeply
40. ^~
than P, and excurved and hairy in lower half, the widened hairy portions of P and F feebly chitinized, at posterior margin of F below apical fourth a long bristle. Apex of vertical arm of IX. st. broader than process P is long on posterior side ; ventral arm with a postmedian ventral process similar to the head of a bird, and also similar to the para- mere (Par), but only half the size ; the process bears several small hairs and one bristle; apical portion of apical process irregu- larly ovate, with 3 thin ventral bristles and a row of 6 from upper angle nearly parallel with apical margin, the 2 at upper angle stronger, dorsal margin proximally to these bristles incurved, this sinus proximally boiuided by a short truncate projection which bears a thin bristle. X. t. well separated from pygidium by a pale membrane, two and one-half times as long as broad, gradually narrowed from basal fourth to apex, X. st. triangular, upper proximal angle produced frontad, lower strongly rounded, on a level with base of X. t. the sternite more than one-half broader than the tergite, dorsal margin with a row of bristles from beyond middle to apex, 2 long bristles at apex.
?. VII. St. with sinus (te.\t-fig. 40), the lobe above the sinus narrow, usually
pointed, shorter than the lower lobe, which is very broad, rounded or rounded- truncate. On VIII. t. above stigma 4 to 7 small bristles, below stigma 3 large ones close together, rarely 2, on lower surface 1 1 to 15, usually 11 or 12, on inside 3, less often 2. X. t. dorsally above base of stylet somewhat concave ; spinose margin of X. st. incurved below middle, with 1 or 2 stout spiniform bristles at the proximal angle. Head of spermatheca not sharply divided from tail, widest towards orifice, rounded dorsally, about one-half longer than broad, taU narrowed
Vll.st.
Fig. 40. — Oeiisibia torosa $.
284
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
at apex, without appendage, orifice on a strongly projecting, more or less conical, prominence ; in one of the specimens the spermatheca is much shorter than in the others.
Length: ^ 3-3 mm., hindfemur 0-59 mm. ; $ 2-8 to 3-3 mm., hindfemur 0-52 to 0-56 mm.
Szechuan : Wu-chi, 13. and 22. v., on Ocholona cansa, 1 (J, 8 $$.
7. Neopsylla stevensi Roths. 1915 (text-fig. 41).
Szechuan : Mu-li, 29. and 31 .iii., on Rattus griseipectus, 1 J*, on Antdiomys custos, 1 $ ; I-tze, 23.iv., on ^. custos, 1 $.
Described from a single ^ collected by H. Stevens at the Nepal-Sikkim
Fig. 41. — Neopsylla at&vensi $.
Fio. 42. — Neopsylla specialia ,J.
frontier ; the present i^ agrees very well with the type. The $ has a peculiar VII. St., the upper angle of this segment being divided into two small lobes as shown in text-fig. 41. Duct of the bursa copulatrix long.
8. Neopsylla specialis sp. nov. (text-fig. 42).
(J. Near N. stevensi Roths. 1915, but the tail-end very different : Manu- brium (M) of clasper very much broader than in that species, widest in middle. Pale marginal area of frontal side of P- narrow ; P= divided apically by a pale rounded space, on the frontal side of this space 4 apical marghial bristles, and from anterior apical angle of P° down several small ones, at posterior angle, which is rounded oil, 2 or 3 smallish bristles. Exopodite F much broader than in N. stevensi, about two and one-half times as long as broad, its posterior margin
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
285
almost evenly rounded from base to apex ; acetabulum (A) extending much farther dorsad than in N. stevensi. Vertical arm of IX. st. broad, posteriorly straight in lower two-thirds ; horizontal arm narrowing to a sharp point, the apical third being very narrow, at apex a ventral row of 6 spiniforms, the one nearest apex very thin, farther frontad a few thin hairs. VIII. st. with about a dozen bristles, of which the two subapical ones are the longest. Penis-lamina at frontal end with a very prominent rod-like projection directed upwards or bent anad.
Yunnan : Nguluko, 6 . ii . , and Yung-ning, 1 9 . iii . , on Apodemus agrarius, 2 cj (J.
9. Neopsylla honora (text-fig. 43). cJ. Likewise near N . stevensi. VIII. st. membraneous at apex, the outlme of which is uncertain ; 4 long subapical bristles and farther frontad about a
Fig. 43. — Neopsylla honora [J.
dozen shorter ones. Manubrium (M) of clasper of nearly even width, broader than in N. stevensi, turned up at tip. Angle between M and IX. t. about 90°, with the tip rounded off. Process P' of clasper shorter than in N. stevensi and the preceding new species ; process P^ much narrower than in these sjjecies, conical, with 4 bristles at apex, of which the posterior one is the longest ; on anterior side a row of short bristles and at posterior margin a row of 6 somewhat
286
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
longer ones. Exopodite F quite different from that of the near allies : posterior margin gradually incurved in middle, more strongly convex at basal third than towards apex, above the point of greatest ventral convexity a short stout pointed spiniform ; anterior margin from up])er end of acetabulum A to upper anterior angle as long as the oblique apical margm, the acetabulum extending not nearly so far dorsad as in N. specialis sp. nov. Vertical arm of IX. st. very broad, its apex anteriorly with a projecting sharp angle, posteriorly very strongly rounded- dilated, the posterior margin meeting the dorsal margin of the ventral arm at an acute angle ; ventral arm slender, narrowed to a point, spiniforms replaced by short thin bristles, the one nearest the apex separated from the others by a larger interspace, the row continued frontad by longer thin bristles. Yunnan : Nguluko, 2 . ii . , on Eothenornys ■proditor, 1 (J.
10. Ctenophthalmus paxcus sp. nov. (text-figs. 44, 45).
(J$. Stigma of abdominal tergite VIII small. Clasper of the same general build as in Ct. caucasica Taschenb. 1880, Ct. nivalis Roths. 1909 and a host of others. Proboscis with curved hair at end. No lateral bristles in front of the two rows on meso-metanota ; two rows on abdominal tergites, the anterior row
very incomplete on the jjosterior segments.
Frons strongly rounded, tubercle a little below middle (the frons measured in a straight line), more ventral in $ than m ^J ; the usual bristles on frons and occiput, the subapical row of the latter on each side with 5 bristles, a large gap between long ventral one and the next. Proboscis reaching to ^ of coxa.
Pronotum with a comb of 18 to 20 spines, usually 18, which are at least as long as pronotum, usually noticeably longer ; a row of 12 bristles ; on meso-metanota likewise 12, anterior row 12, in front of it some dorsal bristles on mesonotum ; 2 or 3 false spines each side on mesonotum.
Abdominal tergites with 2 rows of bristles, no additional bristles, in ^J on I and VII a row of 10, in $ usually 8, on the other tergites 12, less often 13, in front of this row in q on II about 9, on III 5, on VII usually 2, in 9 the numbers slightly larger ; on sternites II to VIII of cJ a row of 6, occasionally on one or the other segment 5, before this row 2, on VIII about 6 (on the two sides together), in $ the row contains 10, sometimes 11 bristles, before the row the greatest number on VI, namely 5 or 6, on VII only 2 to 4 such additional small bristles.
Hindtibia with 7 dorsal notches, third and sixth with one stout bristle, often
Vlll.st.
Fia. 44. — Ctenophthahnus parous ^,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
287
Fig. 45. — Gienophthalmus parens $.
accompanied by a minute one ; long postmedian bristle about as long as first tarsal segment, which is | the length of the tibia.
Modified Segments. — i^. Process P of clasper short and broad, with 4 or 5 long bristles, 3 or 4 of them dorsal, 1 tliinner ventral, apical margin produced into a very short truncate cone, which bears a minute bristle and is partly covered by the lower dorsal bristle. Exopodite F broadest at apex, pos- terior margin convex above middle, above this swelling a submarginal row of 4 or 5 thua bristles, apical margin incurved, the sinus dividing the apex into two projections, pos- terior projection conical, higher than the anterior one, which is evenly rounded and bears some small pale spiniform bristles, usually 4. Ven- tral arm of IX. st. about two and one-half times as long as broad, apex gradually
rounded from upper angle ventrad, with about 15 pale thin bristles. $.
VII. st. twice incurved, the sinus shallow, the lobes short, upper one as a rule broader than submedian one, lower sinus oblique, the extent of variabiUty illustrated by text-fig. 45, a, b, c ; the marginal area incrassate as indicated in the figures, with a small frontad projection of the incrassation above lower lobe. Stylet elongate-conical, slender, a little more than thrice as long as broad.
Length : ^ 2-0 to 2-2 mm., $ 2-0 to 2-4 mm. ; hindfemur : cJ 0-30 to 0-33 mm., $ 0-31 to 0-35 mm.
Szechuan : Wu-chi, 15., 16., 18. v., on A nteliomys custos, 4 (JfJ, 5 9?-
11. Ctenophthalmus yunnanus sp. nov. (text-fig. 40). cj. Chaetotaxy as in the previous species, to which the present one is closely related ; abdominal tergites VI and VII without bristles in front of the row. Manubrium of clasper (M) narrower, more evenly curved. Process P differs in being dorsally strongly rounded, the projection of the posterior side much longer and the posterior dorsal bristle placed above the projection. Exopodite F slightly widened from base to apex, apicaUy less wide than in the
Fig. 46. — Ctenophihahnus yunnanus (J.
288
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
previous new species, apical margin but slightly incurved, the anterior rounded apical portion not projecting upwards, the posterior angle slightly i)rojecting posticad, not dorsad. Apex of vertical arm of IX. st. subtruncate, its posterior margm strongly rounded, but much less slanting than in Ct. parous sp. nov. ; ventral arm more truncate.
Yunnan : Nguluko, 6.ii., on Apodemus agrarius, 1 (J.
12. Ctenophthalmus dinormus sp. nov. (text-fig. 47). $. Chaetotaxy as in the $ of Ct. parens sp. nov. Margin of VII. st. twice incurved as in that species, but the bays deeper, the lobes therefore longer, the
internal incrassation quite different, its frontal margin well defined and nearly parallel with the margm of the segment, below the upper lobe the incrassation forms a narrow, gently curved, posteriorly pointed ridge which inclines downwards posteriorly. Stigma of VIII. t. larger than in Ct. parens and the stylet shorter (of. text-fig. 47, a dinonmis, b parens).
Szechuan : I-tze Camp, Ku-lu, 23. iv., on Anteliomys cusios, 1 $.
Stenischia gen. nov. $. Near Rhadinopsylla J. & R. 1912. Spines of genal comb all on genal margin, none at margin of antennal groove ; no eye -spine, a narrow short sulcus below margin of antennal groove as vestige of an eye. Episternum of metathorax fused with metanotum ; both meso- and meta- sternum with narrow ventral pro- jection (lateral aspect !). Dorsal margins of abdominal tergites and ventral margins of sternites (text-fig. 48) strongly chitinized from base to the row of long bristles. VII. t. between the two groups of 3 antepygidial bristles with a process bearing 2 spines. Coxae reduced in width, especially hindcoxa, which is twice as long as it is wide at the broadest point, its hindmargin with prominent tooth below basal third,
incurved from this tooth to apical lobe. Femora hkewise reduced in width.
Genotype : Stenischia mirabilis sp. nov.
13. Stenischia mirabilis sp. nov. (text-figs. 48, 49). $. Frons with strong tubercle below middle, from the tubercle downward flattened, from base of antennal groove to oral corner a row of 6 smallish bristles, 2 eye-bristles, with a sniaU bri.stle in between ; area between comb and margin of frons long, distance from oral angle to base of ventral spine of comb longer than the distance between the oral margin and the antennal groove. Comb of 5
Vll.st.
Fio. 47. — Ctenophthalmus dinormus $ ; (o) Ct. dinormus, stylet ; (6) Ci. parens, stylet.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
289
spines, the upper one quite small, placed at genal angle, there being but an indica- tion of a genal process below this spme, ventral spine about as long as segment III of maxillary palpus, second and third a little broader, second a trifle longer than first, fourth the same in width, but distinctly shorter, a little over twice as long as broad. On occiput 3 rows of bristles, as f. i. m Rhadinopsylla iientacanthus Roths. 1897. Proboscis reaching somewhat beyond apex of coxa, with a curved apical hair and segment V the shortest (as in Bhadinopsylla).
Fig. 48. — Stenischia tnirabilis $.
Pronotum with a comb of 16 spines and a row of 10 bristles, which are smallish, as on meso- and metanotum and as the longest bristle of the subapical row of occiput. Mesopleura with 3 bristles ; internal rod ending dorsally at anterior angle. Mesonotum incrassate at anterior and dorsal margins, the incrassation extending downwards in front of the posterior bristles. Metepisternum (text- fig. 48) large, extending farther dorsad than in the allied genera, with 4 bristles ; stigma-cavity rounded, as are those on abdomen ; a patch of very minute striation as in Rhadinopsylla (and a few allied genera). No apical spine on metanotum. 19
290
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Incrassation of abdominal tergite I and sternite II less solid than in the other segments ; on tergite II the incrassation triangidar (lateral aspect), short, on III to VII longer, more or less strongly widened halfway between base and row of bristles ; the row dorsaUy oblique, and here behind it a romided transparent spot, a similar s])ot on the sternites behind the bristles ; apical spines (on the two sides together) on I 5, II 6, III 5, IV 4, V 6, VI .5, VII 2 ; nearly all the bristles long, no small one in front of the row, 4 or 5 bristles in the row, on VI
and VII 3 or 4, on II to V one bristle below stigma, the stigma in the row ; on sternites III to VI 6 bristles (two .sides together), VII 7.
Forecoxa nearly thrice and mid- and hindcoxa more than twice as long as broad ; anterior sclerite (coxite) of midcoxa posteriorly near apex projecting as a tooth ; in apical half of inner svirface of hindcoxa about a dozen short bristles. Mid- and hindfemur almost straight above, about four times as long as broad in middle ; hintlfemur on outside with a subventral bristle behind subbasal notch and 2 near apex ; on inside one sub- apical bristle. All tibiae with 6 dorsal notches, which are deej) on hindtibia ; the latter with 6 subdorsal lateral bristles on outside ; longest dorsal apical bristle of hindtibia reaching to subapical notch of tarsal segment I, longest of hindtarsal I beyond subapical notch of II, longest of II to basal third of IV, V in all tarsi with 4 pairs of plantar bristles ; mea.surements : midtarsus 12, 12, 8, 6J, 15 ; hindtarsus 30, 20, 11, 7, 16i.
Modified Segments. $. VII. st. triangular (text-fig. 411), posterior margin
slanting to near ventral angle, which is obliquely truncate-emarginate. VII. t. with sharp angle below antepygidial bristles ; the median dorsal portion of VII. t. pale, the two apical spines much longer than the spines of the other tergites. Upper antepygidial bristle longer than the others, the lowest one slightly the stoutest. On VIII. t. no bristles above and below the large stigma ; on ventro-apical area a patch of 9 bristles, nearly all shortish, on inside 3. Stylet nearly cylindrical, its long bristle not quite apical. Spermatheca of the Rhadino- psylla type, apex of tail concave on posterior side, below this groove a swelling. Length: 2-5 mm., hindfemur: 0-28 mm. Szechuan : Mu-li, 31.iii., on Anteliomys cuslos, 1 $.
Fig. 49. — Stenischia ynirahilis 9.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 291
NOTES ON SIPHONAPTERA. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
1. Siphonaptera versus Aphaniptera.
nPHE publication of Wagner's Kaialog der palaearktischen ApJmnipteren (1930) raLses the question which name should be used, Siphonaptera or Aphani- ptera. The oldest name given to the Order is Suctoria Latr. Priority, however, does not apjily to names of Orders. Latreille himself replaced Suctoria in 1825 by Siphonaptera, and one year later Kirby and Spence. being under the mistaken impression that fleas had rudimentary wings, called the Order Aphaniptera, I cannot conceive of any argument in favour of replacing Siphonaptera by the younger and inappropriate name Aphaniptera.
2. Arctopsylla Wagn. and other noniina nuda.
There are in Wagner's C'atalogue several new names which have not been diagnosed. Such names without descriptions not being valid, it is to be hoped that Professor Wagner will soon supply the want.
3. "Arctopsylla" ursi Roths. 1902.
This North American species has been treated in Wagner's Catalogue as being identical with the European Bear-flea. The two species, however, are very different. There is one peculiarity in the morphology of ursi which is worth recording here. Whereas in the $ of ursi and in both sexes of the allied species the club of the antenna consists of 9 separate segments, in the ^(J of ursi there are only 8 segments, a very interesting feature.
4. Leptopsylla versus Ctenopsyllus.
The name Ctenojisyllus was first pubUshed by Kolenati in 1857 in a foot- note to Ceratopsyllus, where he says : "... soUte eigentlich Ctenopsyllus heissen, von /tei.?, j^tevo? der Kamm, well sie Kamme, sogenannte Ctenidien am Hinterrande des Pro- oder Metanotums und oft audi an einigen Riickensegmenten tragen. ..." A name published in this way is as valid from the date of publica- tion as if Kolenati had said : I name the comb-bearing fleas Ctenopsylhts, A very large number of names have been published conditionally. Phrases in meaning like the following are quite frecjuent : " If the differences here mentioned should turn out to be constant, the name X — us would be appropriate." " If it is necessary to place these species into a separate genus, I propose B — to for them. ' A name published with a description or as an alternate name is valid whatever phraseology is employed. Authors, however, should not use the conditional in Nomenclature ; give a name straightforwardly, or don't mention a new name ; reservations in this connection are really ludicrous. Ctenopsyllus having been published in 1857, Kolenati could not validly employ the same word for another genus. This second Ctenopsyllus, Kolenati 1863 nee Kolenati 1857, was renamed Leptopsylla J. & R. 1911. Wagner is wrong in igaoring Ctenopsyllus 'K.olena.ti 1857.
292 NoVlTATtS ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
5. The Genotype of Tetrapsyllus .(ord. 1931. In Nov. ZooL. XXX vi. p. 135 (1931), we read after the descrijjtion of Tetra- psyllus : "Genotype: ParapsyUu.s cocyti Roths. 1904." This was a slip made when typing the manuscript ; it sliould read corfidii, as is abundantly eviilenced by the description, the name and the reference to Section E of Ectoparasites, i. p. 365. where a diagnosis (but no name) was given. In typing I wrote (uninten- tionally !) cocyti instead of corfidii, both names being familiar to me and both beginning with " co ." P. cocyti does not belong to Section E.
6. Rhopalopsyllus bohlsi Wagn. looi (= Rh. bemhardi J. & R. 1908). The species was described by Wagner from a single $ collected by Dr. Johannes Bohls during his stay in Paraguay. In our paper of 1908 we identified with it a series of specimens likewise fiom Paraguay which seemed to agree rather closely with Wagner's figure. The type of bohlsi is in the Hamburg Museum (ex coll. Poppe) and has very kindly been lent to me for comparison with our material of Jihopalopsyllus. We find that the specimen agrees best with the females we placed with Rh. bemhardi J. & R. 1908. Therefore, the species we have described and figured in Ectoparasites, i. p. 333, no. 9, text-fig. 348 (1923), as Rh. bohlsi is Rh. bohlsi J. & R. nee Wagner and requires a name : Rh. rimatus n. nov., type o from Sapucay, Paraguay.
7. Rhopalopsyllus gTvyni Fox 1914.
In Ectoparasites, i. p. 334 (1923), we said under Rh. bohlsi : " Rhopalopsyllus gwyni Fox (1914) appears to us to be Rh. bohlsi ; but we cannot be sure, as we have not yet seen any of the original five specimens of gtvyni." I have examined the type and a paratype in the U.S. National Museum, and B. J. Collins, of the U.S. Health Service, has lately sent us several examples of the same species. The specimens examined prove to us that Rh. gu-yni is different from all the Rhopalopsylli we have in the collection.
Rh. gioyni q has the VIII. st. much less deeply incised ventrally in the middle line, and the IX. st. is much narrower than in Rh. rimatus and Rh. bohlsi (cf . above, No. fi). In these characters the ^J comes nearest to Rh. plate7isis J. & R. 1923, in which, however, the basal abdominal sternite bears more numerous lateral bristles and the bristles of the hindtarsus are much longer, in both sexes. The abdominal bristles are in ^ and 9 of J^h. gwyni fewer than in Rh. platen,iis, and there is a large interspace between the subdorsal lateral bristles of the hindtibia and the subventral ones. In the $ the abdominal sternites IV to VII have no small bristles in front of the row ; and there are on the outer surface of tergite VIII from the stigma downwards about 30 or fewer bristles inclusive of small ones (but exclusive of the bristles at the mner side of the apical margin), there being in front of the vertical row a group of 4 or 5 small bristles, recalling Rh. bohlsi Wagner ( = bemhardi J. & R.). In the latter species, however, the bristles on VII. st. of $ are much more numerous, the segment bearing 24 or 25 inclusive of some small ones, as against 13 to 17 in Rh. gwyni $.
8. Aphropsylla gen. nov. Aphropsylla Jord., Verh. Ent. Kongr. Zurich, p. 600, No. 16 (1926) {nom. mid.).
When I described early in 1 925 several new genera of fleas, I intended to publish also a diagnosis of ArchaeopsyUa, the description of which formed already
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 293
part of the {incomjjlete) manuscript of a Monograph of the Siphonaptera. I supply liere the diagnosis : Near Archaeopsylla Danipf 1908. Eye not marginal. Praeoral tuber absent. Metepisternum larger than in Archaeopsylla, anteriorly fused with sternum. Antepygidial bristles very close to margin, but separated from it. Large flap of ^J -genitalia not dilated ventrad, without fringed appen- dage ; anal tergite not bifurcate. In $ VII. st. not incised ventrally in middle line ; head of spermatheca subglobular ; apical margin of dUated portion of VIII. t. sinuate, angle above sinus acute. Genotype : A. conversus J. & R. 1913 (as Ctenocejihalus). Here also belongs Ctenocephalus wollastoni Roths. 1908.
9. Trichopsylla Kolenati 1863. The genus was described as having no ctenidium on head and thorax. Six species were placed into it, 4 of which Kolenati did not know and were only doubt- fuUy referred to Trichopsylla. Of the remaining 2 one, T. cuspidata Kolenati = T. erinacei Bouche, has a reduced ctenidium on head and jirothorax, overlooked by Kolenati, and, moreover, is the type of Archaeopsylla Dampf 1908. To select cuspidata as genotype of Trichopsylla and thereby render Archaeopsylla a synonym would be a piece of mere mischief. There remains the species identified by Kolenati with Pulex penicilliger Grube 1852. At that time nobody knew what penicilliger really was. In fact, Wagner, when re-examining Grube's speci- mens, found (1898) that they belonged to two species, one a Ceratophylliis, to which Wagner restricted the name penicilliger, and the other an Amphipsylla. The name penicilliger, therefore, covered in 1863 three species :
( 1 ) penicilliger Grube (J, a Ceratophyllns, as restricted by Wagner 1 898 ;
(2) penicilliger Grube $, an Amphipsylla ; and
(3) penicilliger Kolenati nee Grube, error of determination, figured by
Kolenati.
Kolenati did not know (1) and (2), for both species have a very distinct pronotal comb in contradiction to the diagnosis of Trichopsylla. Therefore, species (3), which conforms to the diagnosis and is figured by Kolenati, is the only one common-sense could regard as the genotype : T. penicilliger Kolenati nee Grube, err. determ. This species we have identified with T. homoeus Roths. 1906. Therefore :
Trichopsylla Kolenati, genotype T. homoeus Roths. 1906 (= penicilliger Kolenati 1863, nee Grube 18.52).
Syn. : OncopsyUa WaUgr. 1903, and Chaetopsylla Kohaut 1903.
10. Ceratophyllus mustelae Wagner 1898 (ex Schilling indescr.) versus C. mustelae
Dale 1878.
In the Katalog d. pal. Aphanipteren. p. 9 (1930). Wagner employs the name C. mustelae Schilling 18,';7 for the species named furbidus by N. C. Rothschild in 1909. SchiUing (i.e. in Gurlt's list of parasites) did not give any description ; he merely said on " Mustela." As any number of different fleas may accidentally occur on " Mustela," the bare statement is quite insufficient for rendering the name valid. Being a nomen nudum it cannot be employed as from 1857. In 1S98 Wagner adopted the name mustelae Schilling and gave a description ; the name, therefore, became valid in 1898. Unfortunately, in 1878 Dale, indeiien-
294 NoviTATES Zoological XXXVIII. 1932.
dently of Schilling, had already employed the name for a different sj)ecies, as proved by a specimen so named in Dale's collection. This C. rnusteJae Dale 1878 is a synonym of P. penicilliger Grube 1852 as restricted by Wagner in 1898. Therefore, we have :
(1) C. mmtelae (Dale 1878) = P. penicilliger Grube 1858, Wagner 1898.
(2) C. mustelae Wagner (ex SchiUing indescr.) 1898 preoccupied by C.
mustelae Dale 1 878 ; and
(3) C. mnstelae Wagner 1898 nee Dale 1878 requiring a name, which was
supplied by N. C. Rothschild in 1909 : C. turbidus Roths.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 295
SOME NEW AFRICAN ANTHRIBIDAE. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
1. Sphinctotropis grossa sp. no v.
<^$. Much larger than S. albofasciata Kolbe 1S95, and the angle of the pronotal carina a little larger than 90° and rounded off.
Rostrum uneven, punctate like frons, pubescent clay-colour inclusive of half the frons ; median carina more distinct in middle, widened at base, dis- appearing at some distance from apical margin, second carina irregular, broad, forming a hump at base of rostrum, disappearing on widened apical portion of rostrum, genal groove deep. Frons two-fifths the width of apex of rostrum, a trifle narrower in cj than in $. Occiput with a luteous spot at eye and a faint indication of a median spot. Eye elliptical, anteriorly and beneath with a very thin border of white pubescence. Antenna in rj longer than the body, in $ reaching to near middle of elytra ; in (^ III twice as long as the frons is broad, IV to VII a little longer, VIII Uke III, club narrow, IX one-fourth shorter than VIII, nearly as long as X + XI, X half the length of XI, not quite twice as long as broad ; in $ III one-fourth shorter than the frons is broad, as long as IV, V to VIII slightly shorter, VIII one-fourth shorter than III, IX and XI as long as III, X twice as long as broad, five-eighths the length of IX.
Pronotum coarsely punctate, somewhat uneven, but without tubercle, a median vitta luteous, interrupted or constricted before middle, a spot on disc each side of vitta more or less joined to it, and about six small and diffuse spots on lateral surface, all luteous, the black areas partly with sparse white pubescence, the ends of the median vitta also white ; carina medianly angulate as in the other species of this genus, lateral angle over 90°, the apex roimded off, lateral carina straight ; before middle of disc a slight depression, but no transverse channel. Scutellum white.
Elytra strongly punctate-striate, on basal third a number of luteous spots shaded with white, more or less confluent, similar spots on apical declivity, and a few on side ; behind middle the usual white and luteous dentate band from stripe I to VI or VII. Pygidium punctate, olivaceous grey, in ^ one-seventh shorter than broad, gradually narrowed, rounded at apex, in $ one-third shorter than broad, subtruncate.
Underside with large punctures, jjubescent grey, spotted with clay-colom-, on side diffuse black patches. Mesosternal process broad, truncate, apical margin faintly bisinuate, the lateral angles slightly projecting ; pubescence in and behind middle of metasternum silky, there being in j" a bilobate patch (similar to a poplar leaf) of longish ecru-drab hair, the point of the patch directed forward, the edges paler. Abdomen of ,^ medianly flattened. Two rings on tibiae and the apex of tarsal segment I white.
Length 8-4 to 8-7 mm.
Nigeria : Ibadan. 24 . vi . 24 (F. D. Golding), one ^, type ; Ibadan, 1 2 . vii . 22, one $.
296 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
2. Sphinctotropis helictus australis .subsp. nov.
(J$. Frons narrower than in S. h. helictus Jord. liHl from West Africa ; in the tS the ej'es nearly contiguous. Clay markings in middle of pronotum and at suture of elytra reduced.
Natal : Malvern, iv.97, three (Jo, one $.
3. Sphinctotropis iniqua sp. nov.
(J. Similar to S. rhodesiensis Jord. 1922 (described as a Litoceru.s), the clay markings of up])erside reduced, whereas the subapical ring of the tibiae and the apical clay pubescence of tarsal segment I are extended. Frons narrower. Median carina of rostrum less elevate, the median anteapical depression deeper. Occiput with a small spot at eye. Pronotum more coarsely punctate, antemedian sulcus replaced by a broadish depression, behind this depression a rounded hump ; lateral angle of carina rounded as in S. rJiodesieiisis. Elytra more coarsely punctate -striate, the subbasal swelling higher, the depression behind it deeper, the alternate interspaces higher, the postmedian transverse band broken up and inconspicuous. Apical half of segment I of all tarsi clay-colour.
Tanganyika Territory : Sukarre, Usambara, one cJ.
4. Litoceras quinarius sp. nov.
3'. Pronotum with five clay vittae and anal sternite with two apical tubercles.
Black, pubescent olivaceous grey, marked with clay-colour. Rostrum and frons rugose, the former with clay median stripe, median carina indicated, not distinct, second carina broad at base, almost effaced by the rugosities of the derm, disappearmg on a level with the obtuse angle of the cariniform margin of the antennal groove. Frons a httle broader than segment II of antenna is long. Eye narrowly margined with clay-colour on frons, the border widening on occiput, cheek clay-colour below eye, whitish towards occiput, this patch not connected with the dorsal border of the eye. Antenna rufous, the club blackish, reaching beyond middle of elytra, segment III about one-third longer than IV, IV to VII nearly equal in length, VIII a little longer and broader, IX as long as VII, X one-fourth shorter, two and one-half times longer than broad, XI a trifle shorter than IX.
Pronotum with a few shallow punctures at side, before middle a feeble transverse depression, but no groove ; of the five yellowish stripes the median and lateral ones broader than the intermediate one, dilated at the carina, narrower than the interspaces, intermediate stripe less consj^icuous, its pubescence not being dense, connected at carina with median stripe.
Elytra evenly punctate-striate, a patch occupying the basal depression in front of subbasal swelling, a lateral spot behind shoulder, some indefinite spots behind subbasal swelhng, and a more distinct one a little farther back on suture, a band curved from middle of sutiire obliquely backwards to outer margin along which it extends to ape.x, and some spots on apical declivity, of which a linear one in third interspace is conspicuous, all clay-colom' and more or less diffuse. Pygidium as long as broad, evenly rounded at apex.
Anal sternite depressed along middle, the obtuse ridge bounding the depres- sion on each side ends at apex of segment with a small tubercle. Bases of
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 297
femora, tibiae except apices, and tarsal segments III and IV rufous, upperside of tarsi sparsely grey, as are the femora and tibiae.
Length 6-4 mm.
Uganda : Entebbe, 9.ii.l4 {C. C. Gowdey), one J.
5. Androceras rhodesi sp. nov. (^. The first species of this Indian genus received from Africa. Short, com- pact, mottled with whitish grey, creamy buff and blackish brown. Rostrum, lower portion of frons and cheek creamy buff. Rostrum as long as broad, at aj)ex depressed and obtusely sinuate, with a rather deep and broad longitudinal impression, which disappears on apical flattened area and gradually becomes shallower towards base, which it does not reach, on each side of this median area, from eye to near middle, a prominent, but obtuse, somewhat curved carina, and at eye a short deep lateral groove the upjjer margin of which is continuous with a thin, feebly raised carina that distally runs close along upper edge of antennal groove. Frons only one-sixth the width of apex of rostrum. Eye large, very little convex. Antenna black, base rufescent, VII jiubescent white on upperside except base, II quite short, as long as broad, III to VII gradually broader. III one-ninth longer than IV, IV, V and VI practically of even length, VII a trifle shorter, VIII to XI forming a broad club which is a little longer than V to VII together, not quite thrice as long as broad, proportional lengths of VIII to XI 10, 7, 5, 8, measured along the middle, X more than twice as broad as long, underside of club with long soft hair {club of $ presumably consists of tliree segments, without wool).
Pronotum half as broad again as long, conical from carina, but side slightly rounded before middle, puncturation denser laterally than medianly, the punc- tures rather small and shallow, their hindmargins somewhat granuliform, disc slightly depressed transversely behind apex and before carina, for the greater part dark brown shaded with grey, at apex on each side two oblong luteous spots, before carina another luteous spot in position intermediate between the two ajjical ones, and near median stripe a diffuse spot, in middle of apex diffuse grey pubescence followed by a luteous spot in subapical depression, a grey spot in middle and thence to scutellum a stripe mostly composed of grey pubescence ; dorsal carina rather strongly convex, but rounded-concave in middle, here placed at one-foiu-th from extreme base to apical margin, curved forward at side in a wide even arc to two-fifths of side (measured from extreme base). Scutellum white.
Elytra one-fifth longer than broad, broader than prothorax, strongly punctate-striate, with the interspaces more or less convex ; for the greater part grey, on subbasal swelling a brown irregular patch extending to shoulder, in middle from side to suture a brown area broadest at side, somewhat indefinite except at suture, more or less mottled with grey, on apical declivity a few small brown markings, one or two of them transverse, about a dozen creamy buff dots from shoulder to suture behind subbasal swelling and on apical declivous area ; basal margin curved forward and strongly raised, forming a transverse rounded tubercle. Pygidium grey mottled with brown, a little broader than long, evenly rounded at apex.
Underside densely whitish grey, with indications of brown markings on meso-metasternites and abdomen ; the latter flattened in middle, anal segment
298 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
medianly truncate. Femora and tibiae dark rufous brown, with greyish pubes- cence, tibiae with a .subbasal and a postmedian diffuse brown spot on upperside, apex black like the tarsi, bases of segments I, II and IV white.
Length 5 mm., width 3-2 mm.
South Rhodesia : Hillside, Buluwayo. 12.ii.l(i, two (j'^J, tv'pe in Mus. Brit.
6. Apatenia elongata sp. nov.
(J. Much more elongate than any known African species of this genus. Brownish black, with some luteous grey markings, the derm imder these markings rufous. Rostrum pubescent clay, three-fifths broader than long, rugate-jninctate, with a median carina which nearly reaches to apical margin. Frons and occiput concave, the former half as wide as the rostrum, both blackish, with a little luteous pubescence at eye. Antenna rufescent brown, pale rufous at base, segments III to VIII gradually decreasing in length from 0-4 mm. to 0-2 mm., club less loose than in the other African species, its segments being less narrowed at base and X comparatively short, IX one-third longer than III, X one-half IX, somewhat broader than long, XI as long as III. Eye elongate-elliptical, more than half as long again as broad.
Pronotum only one-sixth broader than long, in dorsal asjiect straight at side from dorsal carina to apex of lateral one, thence gradually narrowed, strongly and densely punctate, a rounded median impression from carina to before middle, in centre of depression convex, on side several small luteous spots, diffuse, derm under the larger spots without large punctures ; carina sUghtly concave in middle and narrowly interrupted, flexed forward at side in a very broad curve without indication of an angle.
Elytra two-thirds longer than broad (measured in a straight line), strongly punctate-striate, with interspaces III and V convex, especially posterior half of III, shoulder, interspace V from near base to beyond middle and III in and behind middle with some luteous grey spots, at apex a transverse grey band indented at apical margin, on suture and in alternate interspaces indications of black dots. Pygidium coarsely punctate, almost semicircular, being one-third broader than long and evenly rounded.
Underside coarsely punctate, abdominal segments I to III with a lateral space which has no large punctures, but is minutely punctate, middle of abdomen somewhat flattened. Tibiae with two grey rings on a rufous ground, tarsi more or less rufous, with sparse grey pubescence.
Length 5-7 mm., width 2-3 mm.
South Rhodesia : Vumbu Mts., 5,700 feet, ii.26, two (^^.
7. Atophoderes dorsalis chiromelas subsp. nov.
cJ. Broader than A. d. dorsalis Qued. 1886, .segment IX of antenna less narrowed towards base, II of tarsi black with a few grey hairs at apex.
East Africa : Zambesi, one ,^.
In Nov. ZooL. xxi. 1914, p. 228, line 2 from below I said that A. aculanfjuhis Kolbe 1895 was based on a worn $ of .4. dorsalis ; it should read nnalinxs Kolbe 1895 instead of acntangulus. The statement. I.e., p. 229, line 23 from above, that the anal sternite has the angle produced into a sharp tooth is erroneous ; what appeared to be a tooth is really a tuft of hair matted together.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIIl. 1932. 299
8. Atophoderes miriclava sp. nov.
(J. Near A. acutangulus Kolbe 1895 ; much larger, median carina of rostrum vestigial, club of antenna quite different.
Black, the derm under the grey spots rufescent. Rostrum longer than in the other known species, half as long again as broad, densely rugate-punctate, median carina indistinct, apex strongly flattened, apical margin slightly sinuate in middle, underside likewise very densely rugate-j)unctate, flattened, with an indication of a very thin median carina, channel from antennal groove backwards vestigial, lobes of labiophore strongly rounded at apex. Eye one-seventh longer than broad. Antenna black, reaching to base of elytra, distal segments of shaft more or less grey. III one-third longer than IV, V shorter than IV, VI to VIII about as long as broad, much shorter than in the j" of A. acutangulus and A. dorsalis, club very broad, IX a little broader than long, asymmetrical, base rounded, apex rounded on posterior side, produced distad on anterior side and pointed, X shorter and narrower than IX, but similar in shape, XI small, irregularly elliptical, more rounded on anterior than on posterior side, nearly one-half longer than broad, upperside of club convex, underside flattened and wooUy.
Pronotum variegated with grey, very densely reticulate-punctate, slightly depressed at carina, basal angle as acute as in A. acutangulus, more produced than in tliat species ; dorsal carina almost evenly convex from side to side.
Elytra punctate -striate, the alternate interspaces convex, especially III and V, and tessellated with grey and black, in middle of each elytrum a small diffuse black patch.
Underside and legs essentially as in the allied species ; tarsal segment III black.
Length 10-2 mm., width 4-5 mm.
South Rhodesia : Sawmills, 3I.xii.21, one ^.
9. Phloeobius amplus sp. nov.
(J. A large and very broad species ; rostrum with broad median impression, pronotum with a transverse row of five tawny tufts, elytra with numerous tufts.
Black, pubescent grey, shaded with drab and tawny. Rostrum with three broad longitudinal depressions separated by two obtuse, but prominent, carinae which do not reach apex of rostrum and disappear at frontal side of eyes ; pubescence of rostrum and head grey mixed with tawny. Frons a little less than one-half the width of the rostrum (measured in front of the antennae). Antenna grey inclusive of club, IX about as long as IV, X two and one-thii-d times as long as broad, XI longer than IX, slender, tapering to a point, with the tip curved.
Pronotum grey densely mixed with tawny, the rugosities of the derm more or less concealed by the pubescence, a deep and broad deiiression from carina to middle flanked by an obtusely cariniform swelling which is placed halfway between lateral carina and middle, a transverse row of five tawny tufts in middle, the one on the swelling largest ; apical margin slightly incurved in middle ; dorsal carina broadly concave in middle in conformity with the median depres- sion, lateral angle less than 90°, lateral carina reaching to middle, gradually raised anteriorly, forming a strong projection which is sharply cut off, in dorsal aspect the side of prothorax from this projection to basal angle somewhat
300 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
incurved, from the projection forward rounded and strongly slanting to neck, the prothorax not being dilated behind ajiical transverse lateral channel.
Elytra only one-third longer than broad, depressed before middle, strongly declivous at apex, grey mixed with tawny, side from below shoulder to beyond middle and upwards about to third row of punctures darker, appearing more tawny from front, more drab from behind, rather sharply limited by a postniedian oblique row of tufts ; at begiiniing of apical declivity a diffuse blackish patch across suture to second row of tufts, subbasal swelling distinct, basally brown, interspaces III, V and VII with a row of tawny tufts, postmedian one of III blackish, two in I on subbasal swelling hkewise blackish, the number of tufts varying slightly, III usually bearing f) and V and VII 7 or 8, the tufts in the antemedian depression small. Pygidium nearly semicircular, evenly rounded.
Pubescence on side of sterna somewhat clayish ; tibiae with two diffuse brown spots.
Length 11 mm., width 5 mm.
South Africa : Spelonken, one q, type, in Mus. Brit. ; also two ^^^ without
locality at Tring. 1 am indebted for most of the species here described to
Sir Guy A. K. Marshall.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 301
FUETHEK RECORDS OF ANTHRIBIDAE FROM JAVA. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
1. Mecotropis aulax sp. nov.
(J$. In colour and size very close to M. similis Jord. 1898, also from Java ; upperside more distinctly dotted with brown and at sides more extended brown, tarsal segment I more extended grey. Median apical carina of rostrum posteriorly ending abruptly, and the median sulcus commencing with a rounded cavity, the two oblique apical carinae higher in between the antennal grooves than in M. similis ; the median sulcus gradually disappearing posteriorly between the eyes, whereas in M . similis it is continuous with a slight, almost carmiform, elevation. On prosternum, M. similis bears in front of each coxa a curved groove, the two grooves not being joined across the middle ; in M. audax there is a nearly straight deep groove across middle, curved back at sides. Mesosternal process broader than in M. similis. Anal sternite of (J truncate, the angles projecting each as a short blunt tooth.
Length (head excl.) 15-23 mm.
Java : Senggoro, Passeroean (A. Koller), 1 (J, type ; Pradjeken, 1 $ ; Kendeng Mts., 1 (^ ; Malang (Royer), 1 ^ ; Bajoetendoel, vii.31 (H. Lucht), 1 (^ in coll. Dr. Kalshoven.
2. Cedus diversus Jord. 1911.
Java : south of Malang, 7.xi.29 (Dr. L. G. E. Kalshoven), 1 (J ; Preanger (P. F. Sijthoff), 1 cJ- The species occurs also in South India, Assam, Formosa.
3. HuCUS pallidus Jord. 1926.
Java: Lembong, ix.24, 2 (Jc?. 1 ?■ In one (^ the upper surface much
more extended pinkish grey, the greater part of the elytra being this colour.
4. Nessiodocus festivus sp. nov.
$. Rufescent brown, densely pubescent grey, from frons across pronotum to apex of elytra a brown stripe divided by a median line on pronotum and sutural line on elytra.
Rostrum one-half broader than long, with a shallow apical depression, without carinae, but m front of eye near side with a narrow groove, and a second groove between eye and antenna, both grooves curved, side of rostrum angulate at antennal groove, the angle nearer to base of mandible than to eye. Frons as broad as the upperlip, brown like occiput, eyes margined with grey. Antenna very pale rufous, club slightly darker, shaft thin, segments III to VIII gradually and rather slightly decreasing in length. III a little shorter than the frons is broad anteriorly, VIII conical, not quite thrice as long as broad, club sublinear, less than twice as broad as VIII, IX a little shorter than III, nearly twice as long as broad, X a little longer than broad, XI elongate-ovate, sUghtly shorter than IX.
302 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
Pronotum gradually narrowed from angle of carina to apex, one-half broader than long, rather densely punctate, apical margin feebly incurved behind eye ; the grey median vitta anteriorly about half as broad as each brown stripe and posteriorly about as broad as a brown stripe, the two brown stripes together with the grey median line one-fourth broader than the grey area from lateral carina dorsad ; towards side two small spots one behind the other ; dorsal carina slightly but distinctly convex from side to side, very faintly straightened in middle, lateral angle 90°, with the extreme tip rounded off, lateral carinida directed somewhat downward, forming a very obtuse angle with the lateral carina and a slightly smaller obtuse angle with the dorsal carina, lateral carina reaching only very little beyond one-third from angle to apical margin.
Elytra one-half longer than broad, piuictate-striate, the grey sutural stripe extending into third interspace before middle and again before apical declivity, the suture itself brown from before middle to apex, this brown line slightly widened anteriorly ; the grey lateral area extending at base dorsad to fourth line of punctures and to eighth line farther back, the seventh interspace occupied by a grey line. Pygidium not quite twice as broad as long, gradually narrowed , truncate, with the angles rounded, the apical margin double, there being a dorsal and a ventral transverse edge, the upper one slightly raised.
Underside uniformly grey ; legs as pale as the antenna, tibiae and tarsi slender, segment I in foretarsus longer, in mid- and hindtarsus somewhat shorter than II to IV together, being in foretarsus more than half as long as the tibia.
Length (head excl.) 4-5 mm., width 2-1 mm.
Java : Semarang, in Teak Forest, 21 .i.31 (Dr. Kalshoven), 1 $.
5. Nessiara stomphax stomphax Jord. 1928.
Java : Buitenzorg, 30.iv.2o (Kalshoven), 1 $. The first 9 I have seen
of this subspecies ; it agrees in colour with the cj.
6. Nessiara tessellata Eyd. & Soul. 1839.
Java : Semarang, 26.xii.30 (Verbeek), 1 $. The first specimen recorded
from the island. We have no specimens of this species from Sumatra and Borneo, but quite a series from Indochina, the Philippines, Celebes and Toekan Besi, also some examples from Saleyer, Bali, Sumbawa, Balabac and Perak.
7. Exillis longicomis Pascoe 1860.
Java : Bagor, 6.iii.29 (Verbeek), 1 ^J. Evidently much rarer than in
Sumatra and Borneo.
8. Xylinades tardus sp. nov.
J. Near X. rugiceps Jord. 1895, from Siam, North India, Tonkin and Cambodja ; eye more deeply sinuate, segments of antenna and tarsi shorter. Differs from X. aspericollis Jord. 1895, the range of which extends from Tonkin to Java, in the antenna, pronotum and tarsi being shorter and the abdominal segment IV laterally pitted with large punctures.
Clayish markings of upperside essentially as in A', aspericollis, consisting on pronotum of some dots and on elytra of an anterior and a posterior area of short streaks.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXX^^II. 1932. 303
Head and rostrum coarsely and rather densely punctate ; margin of apical sinus of rostrum slightly elevate, from its middle extends an oblong, flattened carina which is about twice as long as broad ; from posterior end of this median carina at each side of median groove a carinitorm swelling runs towards occiput, where it disappeais, this submedian carma broad, not constricted, but made uneven by numerous large punctures ; on frons a smooth narrow median carina ending on a level with the anterior margin of the eye and here joining the sub- median carina. Segment III of antenna not longer than II, about one-tenth longer than broad. III to VIII gradually increasing in width. VIII about one- fourth broader than long, club ovate, proportional lengths of the three segments 11 : 7 : 14, at apex of IX a grey patch on inner side, not on outer, apex XI strongly rounded on outer side, more obtuse than in X. aspericolKs, VI to X underneath with short woolly hair.
Pronotum one-twelfth broader than long, densely and coarsely grooved, also on median apical area, the interspaces confluent as more or less parallel ridges, the lateral ridges parallel with the lateral carina.
Elytra shorter than in X. aspericollis, the rows of punctures and tubercles naked, the interspaces between the rows densely tomentose, forming regular stripes, sutural stripe and alternate ones broader than the others. Hairs on pygidium long and scattered.
Prosternum swollen in front of coxa, here a little shorter than the coxa is wide. Mesosternal process lanceolate, distinctly widened in middle. Sides of abdomen with large punctures, restricted on I to III to apical half, while on IV the punctures are numerous from base to apex. Tibiae strongly compressed, broad, dorsally longitudinally imjjressed, but not deeply, dorsally densely covered in basal two-thirds with scale-hairs, in apical third much less densely with longer scale-hairs, outer and inner surfaces with a sparse covering of long scale-hairs, those near apex being more like thin bristles. Segment I of tarsi short, strongly widened at apex, not longer than the tibia is apically wide, dorsal groove of II smaller than in X. aspericollis. No lilackish markings on tibiae and abdomen.
Length (head excl.) : 12 mm., width 4-8 mm.
Java: Depok, 7.i.27, 1 (J.
9. Dendrotrogus angustipennis Jord. 1895.
Java : Gedangen, Semarang (Verbeek), 2 cJ(J, 3 9? ; Pemalang and in Teak
Forest of Semarang, 5.ii.31 (Kalshoven), 2 $$. The (^ is easily di.stinguished
from the allied species }jy the first and second abdominal segments bearing each a hairy median patch. The $ can be recognized by the rostrum being medianly distinctly depressed and its apical sinus more sharply triangular ; the scale-hairs on the legs much narrower than in I), hyjiocrifa Jekel 1855.
10. Paraphloeobius sodalis Jord. 1923.
W. Java : S. Pr. Djampang, ix.30 {Dr. Kalshoven), 1 ^. Known from
Perak and Borneo.
11. Tropidobasis bigemmis spec. nov. cj. Very pale rufous (immature), with a grey pubescence, which is denser at the apical margin of pronotum, on scutellum, around the black patch on each elytruni and on the underside ; disc of pronotum blackish from side to side ; on
304 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
each elytrum before middle a nearly circular, sharply defined black patch, a little longer than broad, separate from suture, about as long as its distance from basal margin and as broad as its distance from lateral margin, very conspicuous.
Sinus of eye more dorsal than the margin of antennal groove, the interspace between this cariniform maigin and the dorsal lobe of eye broader than antennal segment II. Antenna somewhat shorter than the pronotum is long dorsally, segments III to VII nearly equal in width, slightly decreasing in length, VIII wider, forming part of the club, which is compact, compressed, elongate-elliptical, about twice as long as broad, a Uttle longer than III to VII together, broadest at apex of X, IX gradually widened, somewhat broader than long, X transverse, sUghtly wider at apex than at base, nearly twice as broad as long, XI truncate at base, rounded at sides, acuminate at apex, a little wider than long.
Pronotum one-fifth shorter than broad. Elytra not quite one-half longer than broad (11 : 8), feebly punctate, not striate. Pygidium semicucular, very nearly twice as broad as long. Tarsi brownish except at base, segment I less than twice as long as the tibia is broad.
Length (head excl.) : 3 mm.
Java : Pemalang (Verbeek), 1 (^.
The pair of sharply defined black spots on the elytra render this species easy to distinguish from all the others described.
12. Autotropis modesta limbata Jord. 1924.
Java : Gedangen, viii.31 (Dr. Kalshoven), 4 specimens. Not previously
recorded from Java.
13. Ozotomerus rugicollis Jord. 1895.
Java: Gedangen, Seniarang, 21. viii.31 (Verbeek), 2 ^^. Also 2 ^^
from North Celebes (Dr. Leefmans). All 4 specimens small and narrow.
14. Misthosima crucifera Jord. 1904.
Java: Semarang, Teak Forest, 12.iv.31 (Kalshoven), 1 cj, 1 $ ; Walikoe-
hoen (Verbeek), 2 $$. In this species the pronotum is longitudinally pUcate ;
we have it from New Guinea, Aru, Philippines and Banguey.
15. Araecerus cautus spec, no v.
cJ. In shape and colouring similar to .4. corporaali Jord. 1924, but the angle of the pronotal carina smaller than 90", distinctly pioduceil backward, and the lateral carina more strongly curved than in A. corporaali. The underside of the abdomen flattened, segments I to IV raised each side along this flattened median area, segment V much less raised than the preceding ones, whereas in A . corporaali (^ V bears on each side a strong apical hump and therefore appears apically sinuate, which is not the case in the new species.
Java : Mt. Arjoeno, 3,000 feet, i.l896 (W. Doherty), 2 ^^.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 305
NEW ORIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE. By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S.
1. Mecotropis gardneri sp. nov.
(J. Black, pubescent grey, upperside variegated with brown and black, abdomen spotted with black. Rostrum with median groove extending on to frons ; eye entire. Near M. vitticollis Jord. 1895.
Median groove of rostrum continued as a narrow channel across the transverse interantennal elevation ; the lateral carina which runs from posterior portion of caritiiform margin of antennal groove in the direction of dorsal margin of eye very low, not nearly reaching eye ; no carina between this cariniform swelling and the median channel ; sides of rostrum between eye and antennal groove coarsely punctate, without carinae and channels ; but the sub ventral sulcus running from eye to short gular transverse groove accompanied by a carina, the sulcus itseH narrow. Labiojihore with a cariniform median sweUing at apex. Occiput on each side with an irregular brown longitudinal smudge extending on to frons.
Pronotum a very little longer than broad, with a few granules, apex and base grey, before middle a transverse row of 4 grey spots, 5 others at transverse carma, these diffuse, the median one anteriorly forked, the lateral one narrowed anteriorly, produced forward to or to near lateral antemedian spot ; carina slightly interrupted in middle. Scutellum grey, a little longer than broad.
Elytra a Httle over one-half longer than broad, flattened from base to beyond middle, grey, variegated with brown, a basal spot above shoulder and a smaller limbal one behind shoulder velvety black, a triangular area behind shoulder from near side-margin to near suture brown, diffuse, suffused with grey, a broad postmedian area from side to side brown dotted with black and grey, posteriorly incurved on each elytrum and here rather well defined, the apical area grey, with a blackish spot on suture at a short distance from apex. Pygidium grey, with a small black lateral spot and a large ferruginous and black apical one.
Prosternum without transverse groove. Mesosternal process triangular. Abdomen with two rows of irregular black spots on each side. Tibiae rufous, apices black, grey pubescence slightly denser beyond middle. Tarsi black, claw- segment rufescent, I and IV grey, black at apex, underside of II and III with tawn}' bristles, which are longer on II of mid- and hindtarsus.
Length 12 mm.
India: Anamalai Hills, Madras, 2,400 feet, 6. v. 30 (J. C. M. Gardner),
one o, ex rotten wood. Named in honour of the collector. 1 am indebted
for the majority of the species described in this pajaer to the Entomological Department of the Forest Research Institute at Dehra Dun.
2. Xylinades tamilanus sp. nov.
(5"?. Close to X. aruensis Jord. 1895. As in that species, the dorsal carina of pronotum not joined to the lateral one ; the tubercles on pronotum and elytra much more numerous than in X. aruensis, and the pubescence of the
20
306 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
tibiae consists, like that of the tarsi, of very fine sLLky hairs instead of clay- coloured scale-hke hairs similar to those of the elytra and the apex of the femora.
Upper- and underside with the usual covering of yellowish, broad, short, scale-like pubescence, which, on the pronotum, often forms a median stripe. The black aieas ot the el^iira consist of a dorsal basal patch, a large lateral median one reaching to near the suture, an anteapical transverse band, usually inter- rupted on each elvtrum, and a sutural apical spot. On side of abdomen indica- tions of black patches.
Sinus of rostrum round, the edge raised, but not sharp, in middle a short oblong carina, flattened ; a short distance behind it commences gradually a long, narrow, median carina, which disappears on occiput ; at each side of this carina a submedian one, which is broader and commences farther forward on a level with the end of the short aj)ical median carina, being constricted between the antennal grooves and farther back rendered irregular by a variable number of large punctures and longitudmal grooves. Eye sinuate. Segment III of antenna longer than IV, VIII longer than broad, club compact, elliptical, nearly exactly twice as long as broad, IX as long as XI, X one-fourth the length of IX, no woollj' hair on underside in q.
Pronotum very httle longer than broad, broadest before middle, rough with confluent grooves, the tubercles of the centre also confluent, lateral tubercles in rows more or less parallel with lateral caruia, ajjical median area uneven with grooves and ridges.
Dorsal rows of punctures of elytra with prominent rounded tubercles from suture to shoulder and to near apex, the lateral and posterior tubercles smaller than the dorsal ones.
Abdominal sternite IV with many large punctures on side. Dilated apex of femora not (or very Uttle) wider vertically than middle of femora.
Length 8-11 mm.
Ceylon, a small series.
3. Xylinades paxuinsignatus sp. nov.
(J. Near ..Y. adductus Jord. 1923 from Ttmkin. As in that species, the numerous grooves of the pronotum large, well defined and not confluent. Frons without median carina ; anterma shorter than in X. adductits, segment VIII broader than long ; abdominal sternites II and III without large pimctures ; base and apex of tibiae rather broadly black ; pronotum and elytra with fewer luteous markings than in X. adductus.
Ajsical sinus of rostrum shallow, its margm transversel}' convex, forming a roof over the sinus ; the middle of this convex area continued backwards as a short obtuse carina, which is anteriorly curved sidewards and disappears on occiput ; frons with several longitudinal, irregularly elliptical, grooves in middle area and smaller punctures laterally, without the definite median carina of X. adductus ; rostrum and a stripe above eye luteous. Segment III of antenna somewhat longer than IV, III to VIII gradually shorter and broader, VIII much broader than long, club compact, ovate, not elliptical, one-half longer than broad, relative lengths of its segments 10, 4, 9, underside of VII to X woolly {^).
Pronotum with a luteous elongate spot on each side of middle in anterior half and one or two lateral dots near apex, apical marginal area smooth, with
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIIl. 1932. 307
some small jninctures, rest of surface pitted with large grooves, most of the raised interspaces forming fairly regular hexagons.
Elytra with few luteous spots : one at base above shoulder, another lateral behind shoulder, several in basal half of third and fourth interspaces, one lateral behind middle, a number from side to suture before apical declivity and one or two before apical margin ; the tubercles separating the seriated punctures more or less conspicuous between shoulder and suture, posteriorly gradually lower in the dorsal rows, hardly at all raised in the lateral rows and in apical tliird of elytra. Pygidium with luteous spot in middle.
Widened proximal portion of metathoracic episternuni with hardly any punc- tures ; abdomen black, with luteous lateral spots more or less in two rows, side of segments II and III with a few small punctures, punctures of IV larger, but not so large as in X. adductus. Base and apex of tibiae black ; luteous pubescence of all tibiae like that of apex of femora, consisting of flattened, lanceolate, hairs ; tarsal segment I about as long as the tibia is broad at apex, groove on upperside of II extendmg to near apex.
Length 15 mm.
India : Bhutan, one (J.
4. Zygaenodes longiceps sp. nov.
$. Upperside isabella-grey, dotted with brown, underside whitish grey. Eye sessile, convex, circular, with smus towards antenna ; occiput slightly depressed along eye, but no eye-stalk. Rostrum one-sixth shorter than apically broad, basally somewhat convex, in middle slightly depressed transversely, apex truncate, feebly undulate ; the whole face white, with the brown derm showing through here and there, derm of apex pale rufous ; interspace between antennal groove and eye about as wide as segment II of antenna is long. Frons one- fourth narrower than the apex of rostrum ; distance from culmen to culmen of eyes almost one-half wider than apex of rostrum. Occiput slightly convex, faintly depressed in middle, with a large brown sjjot on each side of the middle line. Shaft of antenna very pale rufous, club blackish, segment III nearly one- half longer than IV, IV to VIII slightly decreasing in length (proportions of III, IV, VIII = 10, 7, 6), IX and X as long as VIII, X one-third shorter.
Pronotumvery pale rufous, mottled with white and brown pubescence, side and a median area extending from base to middle of disc brown mottled with luteous grey, disc slightly depressed at carina, lateral carina very short, a mere spur directed obliquelj' ventrad.
Elytra pale rufous, with a mixture of white and luteous grey pubescence interrupted by black or brown dots, alternate interspaces slightly convex, especially the third, basal swelling distinct, its pubescence forming a crest, from this crest to base a black line, in middle of third inter.space a black spot nearly twice as long as broad. Pygidium somewhat longer than broad, rather strongly granulate, gradually narrowed to apex, which is evenly rounded ; grey, with a brown arc from side to side at base. • Legs very pale rufous, middle of femora and tibiae, extreme tip of tibiae and the greater part of the tarsi brownish (probably blackish in more mature specimens).
Length 3-2 mm.
20*
308 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
India : Sappal, Palghat, Madras, 1,700 feet, 21.vii.30 (J. C. M. Gardner), one 9, ex dry stems.
5. Hucus insulanus sp. nov.
(J. Near H. limbatus Jord. 1928 from Tonkin, but the frons only as broad as the first segment of the antenna. Brown, upperside pubescent grey marked with brown, side of head and underside of thorax and abdomen white. Segments I and II of antenna pale rufescent, brown at apices, III the longest, III to VIII decreasing in length, III half as long again as VIII, club sublinear, as long as VII and VIII together, IX twice as long as broad, X a little longer than broad, XI sUghtly longer than IX.
On each side of disc of pronotum two brown stripes which, together with the grey line that separates them, are narrower than the grey median area ; lateral carina straight. Scutellum white, contrasting with elytra and pronotum.
Elytra less flattened than in H. limbatus, with the following brown markings : a stripe from shoulder to near apex, separate from lateral margin, a spot on sub- basal swelling, a larger one in middle of suture continued back- and sidewards by some isolated dashes, and an M on apical declivity with its central angle and the two arms directed obhquely back- and sidewards and joining the sublateral stripe. Pygidium a little longer than in H. limbatus, not quite one-half broader than long.
The extreme tip of the femora and a median spot, the apex of the tibiae, and aU the tarsi blackish ; upperside of tarsi grey, foretarsus less flattened and broadened than in H. limbatus.
Length 3-3 mm.
North Andaman, 11 .iii.30 (Dr. C. F. C. Beeson), one (J.
6. Nessiodocus celsus sp. nov.
(J. Black, with sharply defined white markings on upperside ; rostrum and underside white. Twice as long as broad, almost oblong.
Rostrum a little longer than broad, broadest at apex, slightly depressed below middle, punctate, especially in basal two-thirds, apical margin with shallow sinus, from near eye a short carina along a narrow groove, the carina disappearing on dorsal side of antennal groove, which is placed halfway between eye and mandible ; upper edge of antennal groove slightly projecting as an angle and continued apicad as a feebly raised carina. Frons not quite one-third the width of the basal half of the rostrum (between the carinae). Outline of eye circular, but flattened towards cheek, with narrow white margin. Occiput black, this colour extending to middle of frons. Antenna black, with hardly any grey pubescence, segment I claviform, nmch shorter than III, II a little longer than broad. III to VIII almost equal in length, VIII somewhat broader than the preceding ones, IX as long as III, twice as long as broad, flattened, almost gradu- ally widened to apex (X and XI missing).
Prothorax five-ninths broader than long, broadest before middle, very densely granulate, apex truncate, carina obtusely angulate backwards in middle, then slightly convex, flexed forward in a broad curve, but the lateral carina nearly straight and somewhat directed downwards, reaching a little beyond middle, lateral carinula directed slightly downwards, forming an obtuse angle with the lateral carina, subbasal transverse carinula distinct laterally, but not beaded ;
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 309
the area between the dorsal carina and the hiteral one white, this patch occupying a very Httle more space than half the black median area, the white patch continu- ing obliquely forward, gradually narrowing, and joining the white dorsal border of the eye, the dorsal margin of this white stripe somewhat incurved, the black median area therefore laterally rounded, being a little narrower at apex than at base. Scutellum black, transverse.
Elytra very densely granulose, punctate-striate, slightly depressed behind scutellum and basal margin ; the latter rounded and turned up ; subbasal swelling faintly indicated ; the suture not depressed ; the following markings white : a basal sutural X expanding at basal margin to near shoulder and posteriorly to fourth line of punctures, a small lateral median spot extending up to seventh line of punctures, another limbal spot before apical declivity, connected with a dorsal one, the two forming a narrow, irregular, oblique band which reaches to second interspace. Pygidiiim nearly semicircular, being almost twice as broad as long, sparsely pubescent grey, except a transverse basal band which is white. White pubescence denser on sides of sterna than in middle, sparse on legs ; foretarsus (o) flattened and broadened, segment I three-fifths the length of the tibia, one-fifth longer than II to IV together ; hindtibia about one-fifth shorter than foretibia.
Length 4-7 mm.
India: Sunksal, S. Kanara, 5.vi.30 (B. M. Bhatia), one ^. Very con- spicuous in the collection on account of the strongly contrasting black and white colourmg.
7. Nessiodocus castus sp. nov.
$. Chestnut-brown, densely pubescent grey, upperside marked with dark chestnut-brown, antenna and legs very pale rufous.
Rostrum two-thirds broader than long, with shallow apical depression, side feebly angulate at anterior corner of antennal groove ; this groove small, semilunar, nearer to base of mandible than to eye. Frons narrow, little broader than segment II of antenna ; occiput chestnut -brown, this area strongly narrow- ing frontad, but not extending down to rostrum. Antenna reaching to end of metasternite (if head is in vertical position), I and II short, II to VIII thin. III nearly twice as long as IV, IV to VIII slightly decreasing, IV one-half longer than VIII, but apically narrower than VIII, club sublinear, as long as III to VI together, IX as long as III, X one-fourth longer than VI, being about one-third shorter than IX, IX thrice as long as broad, XI as long as IX, but a little broader.
Pronotmn not quite one-half broader than long, gradually narrowed apicad from angle of carina, punctate, slightly rugose, appearing almost smooth on account of the fairly dense pubescence, apical margin feebly incurved behind eye, a chestnut-brown median stripe from apex to base, constricted in middle and at carina, narrower at apex and base than before and behind middle, here about one-fourth narrower than the grey lateral area between brown stripe and lateral carina ; dorsal carina distinctly convex, but somewhat concave in middle, lateral carina slightly convex dorsally, continuous with the basal lateral carinula, which is directed downwards, the angle of the carina smaller than 90°.
Elytra a little less than one-half longer than broad (10 : 7), punctate-striate, with the follov^ing chestnut-brown markings : a spot on subbasal swelling, another at shoulder, a longer oblong one at side behind shoulder, a streak each
310 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1'.I32.
before middle of fourth and sixth interspaces, an irregularly elliptical lateral patch behind middle connected with an irregularly rounded larger patch on apical declivity which extends from near suture to eighth line of punctures, suture narrowly brown from near middle to near apex. Pygidium granulose, very little broader than long, strongly and gradually narrowed, apex evenly rounded, marginate.
Tibiae and tarsi slender, foretarsal I five-sevenths the length of foretibia and two and one-haLf times as long as II and III together.
Length 4-6 mm.
Philippines ; Surigao, Mindanao, one $.
8. Androceras pulcherrimus sp. nov.
cJ$. Black, upperside spotted witfi ochraceous-buff and lavender -grey, underside lavender-grey, with ochraceous-buif lateral spots encircled with black. Nearest to ^4. laticornis Jord. 1928 from Tonkin, but segment III of antenna much longer and narrower, elytra with hardly a trace of a depression along the suture, etc.
On rostrum from eye forward a groove, the inner edge of which is cariniform, but much less raised than in ^4. laticornis, the area outside the groove flattened and ochraceous-buff, some of this pubescence also dorsaUy on basal area and a spot of the same colour above and below eye ; median line of base of rostium more or less smooth. Antenna black, segment VII of J and VII and VIII of $ pubescent-white, some traces of such pubescence also on other segments ; in o III about one-third longer than IV, both these segments gradually narrowed from base, the apex compressed, IV to VI equal in length, but V and VI strongly compressed from base, less narrowed towards base than the preceding segments, VII somewhat narrower and shorter than VI, VIII strongly widened towards apex, triangular, one-fourth shorter than VII, but much broader, IX likewise triangular, with the sides more rounded than in VIII, almost as broad as long,
X twice as broad as long, less than half the length of IX, and a very little narrower than IX, XI as long as broad, narrower than X, but a little longer, more .strongly rounded on innerside (antenna directed backwards) than on outer, apex slightly acuminate on outerside ; in $ shaft not dilated. III one-third longer than IV, this one-fourth longer than V, VI like V, VII a little shorter than VI, VIII a little shorter than VII, IX as broad as long and as long as III, triangular, X as broad as IX, but only half its length, bemg a little over twice as broad as long,
XI narrower than X, a little longer, broader than long, apex rounded, with a slight angle on innerside.
Pronotum slightly rounded -angustate from carina forward, punctate, on each side two ajjical, two antebasal and two basal ochraceous-buff spots surrounded by black, variable in size and sometimes one or the other pair confluent, on each side of middle traces of such spots ; dorsal carina feebly angulate in middle, lateral angle obtuse, rounded off, lateral carinula horizontal, directed towards lateral carina, which it does not reach.
ScuteUum grey. Elytra cylindrical, posteriorly very feebly flattened at suture, subbasal callosity scarcely indicated, with four irregular and variable transverse series of ochraceous-buff spots extending obliquely from suture back- wards to outer maigin, the spots partly confluent, the rows being basal, ante- median, median and anteapical, the anteapical spots forming a more or less
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 311
continuous band curved backward at suture, at apex a more or less tridentate spot, the lavender -grey spots in the black spaces variable in size and shape, some broken up into small linear spots in two of the three specimens. Pygidium lavender -grey, with an ochraceous-buff spot each side encircled with black.
Legs lavender -grey, a subapical spot on femora and a subbasal one on tibiae ochraceous-buff surrounded with black, apex of tibiae and tarsal segment I as well as nearly the rest of the tarsi black.
Length 2-4 mm.
Darjiling : Lopchu, 6,000 feet, iv. 30 (J. C. M. Gardner), 2 (J<^, 1 ?, ex Alnus nepalensis.
9. Ulorhinus brachystomus sp. nov.
^. Near U. bilineatus Germ. ISIS and allies ; distinguished by the rostrum being very short and the pygidium long. Blackish brown, slightly rufescent in places, especially at base of antenna, shoulder and on legs, variegated with grey. Rostrum three times as broad as long, a median impression occupying base and frons, within the impression a small carina. Frons not quite one-third as broad as the rostrum ; head, rostrum and pronotum coarsely punctate. Antenna short, very little longer than rostrum is broad, III as long as VII and VIII together, IX a little longer than broad, strongly narrowed to base, X transverse, rounded at sides and base, with the apical margin somewhat incurved, XI narrower, ovate, as long as broad.
Prothorax as long as broad, with a whitish median stripe posteriorly, three grey linear spots at apex, a diffuse grey patch in centre, and small dots at sides ; carina evenly curved forward at side, not forming an angle.
Elytra much longer m proportion to their width than in U . bilineatus, tessellated with grey and black, in third interspace the usual whitish linear spot. Pygidium one-fourth longer than broad, gradually, but not strongly, narrowing to apex, which is round, the centre of the apical margin projecting as a small tubercle.
Underside coarsely punctate, sides more densely pubescent white than middle, in middle of metepisternum a brown spot. Tibiae grey near base and apex, segment I in foretarsus shorter than IV, in hindtarsus longer than IV, claw of hindtarsus as in ^ of U . bilineatus without tooth, outer claw shorter, more curved and basally more swollen than inner claw.
Length 4 mm., width 1-6 mm.
India: Manor Road, N. Thna, Bombay, 5.viii.30 (Dr. C. F. C. Beeson), one cJ-
10. Raphitropis incanus sp. nov.
f^. Near R. marchicus Herbst 1797, narrower, antenna much longer. Upper- side rufescent lirown and pubescent grey, underside densely grey. Frons and base of rostrum convex ; frons a little less than half as wide as rostrum. Antenna pale rufous, gradually more brown towards apex, nearly twice as long as the pronotum, segment III as long as IV, a little longer than V and VI, these longer than VII and VIII, III almost twice the length of VIII, IX as long as III, X one-fifth shorter, XI elliptical and one-fifth longer than III.
Pronotum : on each side of middle a smaller antemedian and a larger post- median brown patch, the four patches separated by a grey Greek cross of which the transverse bar is broader than the vertical one, the brown patches finely
312 NOVITATES ZOOLOOIOAE XXXVIII. 1932.
shaded with grey as on elytra ; dorsal carina broadly and rather deeply concave in middle, not angulate, convex near side, lateral carina a short and somewhat oblique projection, lateral carinula slightly but distinctly directed downwards. Scutellum grey.
Elytra punctate-striate, with the basal margin rounded, brown, with the grey markings nearly as in R. indicus Jord. 1925 ; base of suture and l)asal margin, an oblique irregular band, broken up into spots, from below shoulder to middle of suture, with a branch across suture behind subbasal swelling, a similar band from middle of lateral margin to suture at beginning of apical declivity, and apex of elytra grey, these grey markings iU-defined and probably variable.
Legs pale rufous (the specimen is not quite mature), femora except base and apex, apical haH of tibiae or more, and the tarsi except base with a browii tint, probably dark brown in mature specimens.
Length 2 mm.
India : Jajra, Dehra Dun, 27.vii.30 (J. C. M. Gardner), one q.
Eye more prominent than in R. indicus, rostrum longer, antenna much shorter, lateral carina of pronotum longer and less oblique, and basal margin of elytrum somewhat rounded.
11. Araecerus candicans sp. nov.
$. In the absence of the male this conspicuously coloured species is best placed in Araecerus, though its colouring and some details of structure indicate that it represents a new genus.
Black, pubescence greyish white, faintly yellow above, upperside with black markings. Head and pronotum densely reticulate, the meshes not impressed as punctures. Rostrum short, apex truncate, slightly rounded. Sinus of eye barely indicated. An elongate median spot on occiput black, extending on to frons, about as broad as the white border of eye. Antenna rufescent brown, segments I and II very pale rufous. III one-half longer than IV. twice as long as VIII, the proportional lengths of III to VIII being 8, 6, 5, 4, 4, 3|, of club 6, 5, 6J, IX and X nearly symmetrical, XI elliptical.
Pronotum conical, slightly constricted before base, feebly rounded in middle, not quite one-half broader than long (13 : 9), disc occupied by a large transverse black patch which has four projections forward and opposite them four backward, the projections being about as broad as the white interspaces between them and reaching neither apical margin nor carina, in the black patch a sublateral white dot ; carina dorsally slightly concave, laterally flexed forward in a broad and nearly even arc, lateral carina oblique, almost straight, extending to one-third of side. Scutellum white.
Elytra one-half longer than broad, rather strongly punctate-striate, inter- spaces densely granulose, subbasal swelling and depression behind it feebly indicated, aj)ical declivity gradual, before middle an irregular transverse black band, produced forward between lines II and IV, the projection not reaching basal margin and extending somewhat backward near suture, the suture remaining nearly entirely greyish white, a large postmedian black patch sublaterally con- nected with antemedian band, the connection made irregular by the invasion and inclusion of grey markings, the postmedian patch produced backwards near suture and again sublaterally, the two branches nearly meeting before apex ;
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932. 313
the black areas bear small grey dots. Pygidium as long as broad, triangular, with the apex pointed and turned up ; grey, apex pale rufous, at some distance from apex a short median carina ending abruptly.
Underside coarsely punctate ; apices of abdominal sternites I, II and III and bases of II, III and IV laterally depressed, the transverse depressions especi- ally conspicuous between I, II and III, anal segment triangular, narrow at apex, but not sharply pointed, the greater part pale rufous. Legs jjale rufous, evenly but not densely grey ; apices of tibiae and the tarsi darker, foretarsal segment I one-fifth shorter than II to IV together.
Length 3 mm., width 1-9 mm.
North Andamans, 6. v. 29 (B. M. Bhatia), one $, ex Terminalia procera.
314 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1932.
SPOLIA MENTAWIENSIA: GEOMETRIDAE.
ADDENDA.
By L. B. PROUT.
TN stating (on p. 1 of the preceding volume) that I had seen no previous ■'■ records of Geometridae from the Mentawi Ishxnds, I unfortmiately forgot four names given on the authority of Hagen in Maaas : " Bei Liebenswiirdigen WUden " (1902), p. 210, although I duly noted them about twenty years ago. The material was collected on Sipora, near the coast, in August and September 1897. The following are the names.
" Euschema (Hazis) doubledayi Gnell." {rede Snell.). This is already recorded for the island on p. 5 of my article, under its prior name of transducta Walk.
" Euschema militaris L." should, I suppose, be the form selangora Swinh. (1893), in which I have now merged isolata Warr. (1902). The Tring Museum has a (questionably authenticated) (J from Nias and the form is not rare in W. Sumatra.
" Panaethia georgiata Guen." I would suggest that this may be a mis- identification of subfumosa Warr. (1897), which occurs, though not commonly, in W. Sumatra ; or even of an aberrant maculosa Walk. By a ciu'ious coincidence, however, Tring has, as with Dysphania militaris selangora, a single ^ of georgiata labelled " Nias."
" Anisodes carnaria Walk." Not identifiable. " Anisodes (?) carnearia " of Walker (1862) is — as Hagen could have learned from Hampson — an Organojioda, and it, or a close ally, is not unlikely to be found in the Mentawi Islands.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGIOE, VoL.XXXVIIl,1932.
PI. L
John 8*1* Soni & Omtlwon L'' L<n4an
MALAYAN LYMANTRIIDAE.
NOVITATES ZoOLOGICvE, Vol. XXXVIII, 1932.
PI. II.
."13 SC*n)*lj*0iL**Ln>don
MALAYAN LTMANTRIIDAE.
I
LEPIDOPTERA
COLLECTID BY THE
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(LORD ROTHSCHILD)
PRICE : £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers). A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
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NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE,
H Jounial of Zoology-
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., F.R.S., Db. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN, F.R.S.
Vol. XXXVIIL
No. 2.
Pages 315-383.
Issued June 15th, 1933, at the Zoolooical Museum, TBtNo.
PRINTED BY HAZBLI>, WATSON & VINEY. LTD., LONDON AND AYLESBDRY.
1933.
Vol. XXXVIII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR
EDITED BY
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and EARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
CONTENTS OF NO. II.
1. ON A COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM
SPANISH MOROCCO
2. JOURNEY TO ALGERIA AND MAROCCO IN 1929
3. CROSSING THE GREAT ATLAS IN MAROCCO IN
1930
4. TWO NEW SPECIES OF MAZUCA, AN AFRICAN
GENUS OF AGARISTIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) .
5. A NEW SPHIN6ID FROM MADAGASCAR (LEPI-
DOPTERA)
6. FOUR NEW FLEAS COLLECTED BY PROFESSOR
F. SPILLMANN IN ECUADOR ....
7. TWO NEW SPECIES OF CTENOPHTHALMUS
FROM TROPICAL AFRICA (SIPHONAPTERA) .
8. FLEAS COLLECTED BY DR. MAX BARTELS IN
JAVA
9. TWO NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRD-FLEAS
10. NEW ORIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE (COLEOPTERA)
Lord Rothschild 315—330
Ernst Hartert . 331—335
Ernst Hartert . 336—338
KarlJordan . 339—341
Karl Jordan . 342
KarlJordan . 343—348
KarlJordan . 349—351
KarlJordan . 352—357
KarlJordan . 358—361
KarlJordan . 362—383
dV.^
NOYITATES ZOOLOGICAE
Vol. XXXVm. JUNE 1933. No. 2.
ON A COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA FROM SPANISH
MOROCCO.
By lord ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., F.R.S.
T HAVE lately received a small collection from Dr. E. Romei made during June and July 1932 in Spanish Morocco, and as no list of the Lepidoptera of this region appears to have been published, I think it will be of interest to give the list of the specimens received. By far the largest number were collected at Xauen, south-east of Tetuan, and Ketama, considerably farther south-east of Xauen. The other localities where a few of the specimens were captured are Tetuan, 200 m. = 656 ft. ; Cuernos de Xauen, 1,300 m. = 4,264 ft. ; Taghsut (south of Ketama), 1,800 m. = 5,904 ft. ; Assila, 1,800 m. = 5,904 ft. ; Tidiguin, 2,200 m. = 7,216 ft. ; Hauta Kasdir, 1,750 m. = 5,740 ft. The altitude of Xauen is 600 m. = 1,968 ft., and of Ketama 1,500 m. = 4,920 ft.
1. Papilio machaon maxima Verity.
Papilio machaon maxima Verity. Bliop. Palaearct. p. 296, pi. lii, f. 2 (1911) (gen. vern.) (Tangier). Papilio machaon maxima gen. aest. angiilata Verity, I.e. p. 296. pi. Ix. f. 14 (1911) (Tangier).
The specimen sent to Tring is slightly smaller than the (J taken by Hartert and Young near Azrou in the Middle Atlas, and the yellow is deeper and duller, but it appears certainly to be a typical example of P. m. maxima gen. aest. angulata.
1 cJ Ketama, 27 July.
2. Papilio podalirius lotteri Aust.
Papilio podalirms ab. lotleri Austaut, Petit. Nouv. Entom. ii, p. 233 (1879) (Sidi-Bel-Abbe-s). Papilio feistliameli forma maiira Verity (gen. vern. ex Africa). Rhdf. Palaearct. p. 293, pi. i, ff. 7, 8 (1911) (Lambessa).
1 (^ and 2 $$ came to Tring. One $ (No. 3) has a slight wash of yellow on the white portions of the wings, but very much less than in the gen. vern. maura ex Morocco in the Tring Museum ; the (J and $ (No. 4) are typical lotteri, showing the narrow fulvous band above anal ocellus as opposed to the broader one in Jeisthameli and its spring brood yniegi from north of the western Mediterranean, as does also the $ No. 3.
1 (J, 2 ?? Ketama, 14, 27, 31 July.
21 315
316 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
3. Aporia crataegi manritanica Oberth.
Aporia crataegi mauritanica Oberthiir, Stud. Lipid. Comp. iii, p. 120 (1909) (Algeria).
Dr. Romei sent me only 1 ?, which agrees perfectly with the series at Tring from Algeria and the lliddle Atlas of Morocco. 1 $ Ketama, 1 July.
4. Ganoris rapae mauritanica (Verity).
Pieris rapae mauritanica Verity. Rhop. PaJuearct. p. 155, pi. xxxiii, ff. 43, 44 ; pi. xxxiv, S. 15, 16 (1908) (Algeria text ; Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, figs.) (figs. 15, 16, pi. xxxiv as leucotera Stef.).
The specimens received are all very uniform and typical summer brood = rapae mauritanica, but 1 $ from Ketama (No. 11) has the dark apices of the forewing more strongly po^^■dered with white.
3 c?c?. 4 ?? Ketama, 29 June ; 1, 27 July. 1 ^ Tetuan, 26 June.
5. Leucochloe daplidice daplidice (Linn.).
Papilio daplidice Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 468, no. 62 (1758) (Southern Europe and Africa).
Dr. Romei sent 4 (J (J, 4 ?? to Tring. If these had been spring brood examples, I should have considered them rather aberrant examples of d. albidice Oberth., but being summer examples I cannot separate them from typical dapli- dice, though one or two exhibit a slight yellowish tinge to the green markings below.
4 cJcJ, 4 $9 Ketama, 29 June ; 9, 12 July.
6. Colias electo croceus (Geoff.).
Papilio croceus Geoffroy, in Fourcroy, Enlom. Par. ii, p. 2.">0 (1785) (Paris).
The Tring Museum received 4 ^J^J, 8 $$, 4 of which belong to the dimorphic white $ form helice. One helice (No. 30) is very small and has extra wide black outer margins with very small submarginal pale spots ; 2 other helice (Nos. 31. 32) have the white tinged with cream buff ; and also 1 orange $ (No. 29) has also very broad black outer margins and reduced pale submarginal spots.
4 (J(J, 7 $? (3 ?? helice) Ketama, 29 June ; 4 July ; 1 $ (helice) Tetuan, 26 June.
7. Gonepteryx Cleopatra (Linn.).
Papilio Cleopatra Linnaeus, Syst. Xal. cd. xii. p. 765, no. 1(15 (1767) (ex Barbaria).
One of the $$ has so little orange flush on the hindwings that it might be mistaken for a $ rhamni meridionalis, if it were not for the checkered fringe of its forewing.
3 (Jc?. 3 ?? Ketama, 4, 9, 12 July ; 1 (^ Taghsut, 3 August ; 1 $ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
8. Gonepteryx rhamni meridionalis Rober.
Gonepteryx rhamni meridionalis Ruber, in .Seitz, Grossschmett. Erde, i, p. 61 (1007) (Algeria and S. Asia Minor).
The Tring Museum has received 4 cJ(^, 4 $9 of this southern race of O. rhamni fi'om Dr. Romei. Rober has united the North African rhamni with those of South Asia Minor ; unfortunately the Tring Museum only possesses 1 (J, 1 9 from
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 317
Asia Minor, so I feel unable to give an opinion ; but this pair has larger orange stigmata on the forewings than either Algerian or Moroccan examples, so that I think it would be wise to restrict the name meridionalis to the N.W. African examples and await further material from Asia Minor. This insect is by no means common in Algeria, and in the Middle and Great Atlas of Morocco is excessively scarce, Dr. Hartert having only caught 2 ^J^J on his four excursions. 4 (J,^, 4 9? Ketama, 29 June ; 4, 6, 18, 29 July.
9. Pyrameis cardui (Linn.).
Papiho cardui Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 475, no. 107 (17.58) (Europe and Africa).
One of the specimens received is normal in size and very bright coloured, the second a dwarf and paler in coloration.
1 (J Ketama, 18 July ; 1 (J Tetuan, 26 June.
10. Vanessa polychloros erythromelas Aust.
Vanessa polychloros var. erylhroniehis Austaut, Le Xaliiriilisle. vii, p. 142 (1885) (Sebdou).
1 (5, 1 9 of rather small size are in the collection. This pair are of an exceptionally bright reddish chestnut ground colour, but it requues a much larger series before it would be safe to sef)arate the form from Spanish Morocco.
1 (J, 1 $ Ketama, 4, 31 July.
11. Argynnis maja seitzi Fruhst.
Argynnis nuija seitzi Fruhstorfer, Intern. Entom. Zeitsrhr. Guben, ii, p. 6!) (1908) (Alger).
Although the carmine underside of forewings is extremely bright and the green wash above is very strong in the specimens received, I do not think the Spanish Moroccan examples can be separated from the Algerian typical m. seitzi.
2 ^^, 3 $$ Ketama, 27 July ; 1 (J, 1 $ Assila, 10 July ; 1 S, Tidiguin, 29 July.
12. Argynnis elisa auresiana Fruhst.
Argynnis adippe auresiana Fruhstorfer, Intern. Entom. Zeitschr. Guben, ii, p. 69 (19(J8) (Aures Mts.).
In Nov. ZooL. xxxvi (1931), p. 194, I treated this insect as a separate species, as I had akeady done in vol. xxiv of the same journal (1917). This arose from my having overlooked Herr Reuss's article in the D. Entom. Zeitschr. 1922. I now hasten to correct this error and place this insect under its correct name as the mainland form of elisa Godart. It is nearer to the Corsican elisa stechei Vogt, but differs from both island forms of elisa by its very large size and rich green underside of the underwing. Dr. Romei sent 5 ^,^, 1 $ of this insect, which, though very red, agree very well with the deeper coloured Algerian examples. 1 J (No. 185) is very large.
3 cJcJ Ketama, 18, 27 July ; 1 cJ, 1 ? Taghsut, 3 July, 3 Aug. ; 1 <^ Tidiguin, 29 July.
13. Argynnis aglaia excelsior subsp. nov.
Differs from .4. a. hjauteyi Oberth. in its larger size (So), and the intense fox-red of the upperside, not rufous cinnamon buff as in lyauteyi. Below the salmon rufous of the forewing is much more intense and the buffy yellow trans-
318 • NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
verse post median band on tlie hindwings is broader, and in cJ $ the green is more washed with olive. In the $ the buffy yellow patch above vein 5 of hind- wing below of lyauteyi is almost absent in excelsior. Tegulae bro-miish rose, not oUve brown.
(J (Type) forewing 37 mm., expanse 81 mm.
6 ^(3 Ketama, 4, 18, 27, 31 July ; 1 ? Taghsut, 3 July.
14. Argynnis lathonia lathonia (Limi.).
Papilio lalhoniti Linnaeus. Syst. Nat. ed. x. p. 481. no. 141 (17.58) (Europe).
All 8 examples are very large and highly coloured, but cannot be separated_ from the typical race.
4 c?c?. 4 ?? Ketama, 29 June ; 1, 4, 18, 27 July.
15. Melitaea phoebe occitanica Stdgr.
Melitaea phoehe v. occitanica Staudinger, Cat. Lep. ed. ii (1871) (" It." ex errore pro lb.).
The four specimens are rather small and dusky, being evidently the summer brood. Dr. Hartert's series from the Middle Atlas of Morocco are of a slightly mixed character, some being more like phoebe punica Oberth., others more like ph. occitanica, evidently an intermediate race, though in my articles on Dr. Hartert's collection I treated his whole series as ph. punica.
1 ^, 2 ?? Ketama, 12, 18, 27 July ; 1 $ Assila, 16 July.
ic. Melitaea didyma mauretanica Oberth.
Mditaea didijim forma mauretanira Obertluir. Etiirt. JJpid. Coinp. iii, p. 243 (1909) (Algeria, Spain).
4 (J (^, 1 $ are in the collection ; they are fine large examples of typical mauretanica, the $ being especially tyjDical. Oberthiir includes Spanish didyma under his name mauretanica, but they are not identical with North African examples. I have shown (Nov. Zool. xxiv, pp. 99, 100) that these Spanish examples must bear the name of d. occidentalis Stdgr. All 5 are very brilliant in colour.
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Ketama, 29 June, 1 July ; 2 ^^ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
17. Satyrus (Nytha) alcyone caroli nom. nov.
Satyrus alcyone maroccana Oberthiir, Eliid. Lipid. Coiiip. xvii. Planches, Expl. des Pis. PI. C, p. 48, PI. C. Phot. (1920) (Foret d'Azrou, Middle Atlas).
I have hitherto through error kept this race of S. alcyone under Mr. Charles Uberthiir's name of S. alcyone maroccana (see Nov. ZooL. xxxvi, j). 195, no. 14 (1931)) ; but it has to be given a new name, as that of maroccana was given to S. atlantis by Mr. Meade-Waldo in 1905.
The 3 (J(^, 3 $9 are very dark and dusky and agree with the description of Ml'. Oberthiir.
1 cJ, 1 $ Ketama, 29 June, 18 July ; 1 (J, 1 ? Assila, IG July ; 1 (J, 1 ? Tidiguin, 29 July.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 319
18. Satyrus (Chazara) briseis major Oberth.
Salynts briseis var. major Obertliiir, l^tiul, Kntom. i, p. 27 (1870) (Boghari).
There are at Tring 3 cJJ. 2 $$ of this species ; they are decidedly smaller than Dr. Hartert's Azrou examples, 1 $ (No. 79) being even small for typical briseis, but the other $ (No. 80) is as big as average b. major from Batna, so I think we can safely register these 5 examples under b. major.
1 (J Taghsut, 3 Aug. ; 3 ^JcJ. 1 ? Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
19. Satyras (Satyras) sylvicola sylvicola Aust.
Satyrus sylvicola Austaut., Le Naturaliste, ii, p. 28-1 (1880) (Sebdou).
1 (J Ketama, 3 July ; 2 j^'c? Taghsut, 3 Aug.
20. Satyrus (Satyrus) fidia subsp. ?
Until I treated oi fidia Linn, in Nov. Zool. xxiv, p. 106 (1917), most authors had treated the fidia from S. Euroj)e as being typical, whereas in Syst. Nat. ed. xii, p. 770, no. 138, Linnaeus gives Barbaria (= Algeria) as sole habitat.
There are 3 ^^ m the collection, of which 1 (No. 69) has the veins on the underside of hindwing white as m fidia fidia (=/. albivenosa Aust.), while the other two show no signs of these white veins. Lentil we can compare a large series from Spanish Morocco, it is impossible to separate these from typical fidia, but those found in the neighbourhood of Gibraltar show no signs of these white veins and otherwise agree with these 3 from Spanish Morocco.
3 (^(J Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
21. Satyrus (Cercyonis) abdelkader romeii subsp. nov.
(J. Differs from a. abdelkader in being larger and considerably darker. The ocelH on forewing larger and the white dots also larger, but not so dark as (J a. lambessann-s.
Forewing 39 mm., expanse 83 mm.
Unfortunately only 1 (J was sent, but it is too distinct to be overlooked. (S. a. nelvai occiu-s in the Middle Atlas, and S. a. lambessanvs in the Great Atlas of Morocco, thus reversing the state of distribution as found in Algeria.
1 (^ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
22. Satyrus (Minois) actaea simillima Rothsch.
Satijrit.s actaea similliiiia Rothschild, Nov. Zoul. xx.wi, p. 19.3, no. Hi (lO.'ll ) (El Hajeb, Middle Atlas).
When I described this race from the specimens taken by Dr. Hartert and Mr. Meade-Waldo I overlooked Lucas's actaea maroccaiia {Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1920), but the descriptions of both ^ $ are so different that I have no hesitation in upholding my simillima. I cannot separate these Spanish Moroccan examples from those from other parts of the Atlas, though the 9? on the hind- wings below are a little greyer, less blackish. They show no signs of the white central band of a. nevadensis .
3 (5' J, 2 $? Taghsut, 3 Aug.
320 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
23. Melanargia galathea meade-waldoi Rothsch.
Melamirgia galathea meade-imldoi Rothschild, Xov. Zool. xxiv, p. 110, no. .54a (1917) (Tamarouth, Morocco).
Dr. Romei's specimens agree very well with Central Atlas examples collected by Dr. Hartert and Mr. Meade-Waldo ; but the black areas, if anvthing, are more extensive, thus approaching Turkish g. procida as opposed to Hungarian g. procida.
5 cJcJ. 3 $$ Ketama, 29 June ; 1, -1 July.
24. Pararge maera adrasta (Hiibn.).
Papilio maera adrasta Hiibner, Samml. Eur. Schnull. i, ff. 8,36-839 (1805) (South Europe ?).
Three names have been applied to two of the Moroccan races of maera. In 1917 (Nov. Zool. xxiv, p. 112, no. 57) I described the race obtained by Mr. Meade-Waldo in the Great Atlas as maera meade-waldoi ; this is a large race, as big as the usual adrasta from Europe ; then in 1922 (Etitd. Lepid. Comp. xix, p. 81) Charles Oberthiir (ignoring my description, as there was no figure) renamed the Great Atlas form viaera alluamli ; on p. 82 of the same work he applies the name of Pararge maera var. nevadensis Oberth. to the Middle Atlas race of maera.
The 2 (J^ sent by Dr. Romei do not agree with the ^J from the Middle Atlas figured in the above work, pi. dxxxii, f. 4423, by Oberthiir, but agree well with examples taken in Andalusia by Signor Zuerci which are the true maera nevadensis Oberth., but appear to me hardly if at all separable from maera adrasta.
The Middle Atlas race called m. nevadensis by Oberthiir is distinguished from true nevadensis = adrasta by the (J being almost the same colour above as the $ ; but I refrain from naming it, as only 1 (J so far is known.
1 cj Ketama, 4 July ; 1 cJ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
25. Pararge megera megera (Linn.).
Papilio megera Llrmaeus, Syst. Nut. ed. xii, p. 771, no. 142 (1767) (Austria, Dania).
2 $$ Ketama, 4, 27 July ; 3 (J^J Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
26. Pararge aegeria meone (Stoll).
Papilio meone Stoll, in Cramer, Pap. E.vot. iv. p. .")1, t. cccxiv, ff. E. F. (1780) (Alger).
4 cJcJi 3 9$ were sent to Tring of this insect, and though some are less heavily marked than most Algerian examples, they are not aegeria aegeria. 4 SS, 3 ?? Ketama, 29 June ; 12, 18, 27, 31 July.
27. Epinephele lycaon mauretanica (Oberth.).
Salyrus eudora var. mauretanica Oberthiir, Stud. Etom. vi, p. 58 (1881) (Sebdou, Lambeze).
3 (?(?, 5 $9 Ketama, 29 June ; 1, 4, 18, 31 July.
28. Epinephele maroccana Blach.
Epinephele lymon var. maroccana Blachier, Ann. Sac. Entom. France. Ixxvii. p. 216, pi. iv. {. 5 (1908) (Moroccan Atlas).
Because the late Monsieur Ch. Blachier described this species as a race of lycaon instead of as a distinct species Oberthiir renamed it. This under the rules
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 321
is not admissible, and this insect must stand under the name rnaroccana as, Blachier's name has twelve years priority. •
2 (J(;J Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
29. Epinephele jurtina hispulla (Hiibn.).
Papilio hispulla Hubner, Samml. Eur. Sdimelt. i. Taf. 116, ff. .593-596 (1805) (Portugal).
There are in this collection 4 (^(^, 4 9? ; the i^,^ appear quite typical, but $ No. 115 has the orange in cell and on disc reduced, $ No. 116 is a dwarf. 4 (JcJ, 4 ?$ Ketama, 29 June ; 1, 18 July.
30. Epinephele ida ida (Esp.).
Papilio ida Esper, Eiirop. Schmeit. i, pt. 2. p. 184, no. 176, pi. xcii, f. 2 (cont. xlii) (1777) (Pyrenees).
4 (^(J, 4 $9 Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
31. Epinephele tithonus distincta subsp. nov.
Differs from tithonii.^ decolorata Fruhst. in the brighter deeper yellow on the underside of the hind wings, with the ocelli and other portions of the pattern picked out in deeper browns. Above the orange fulvous is deejaer. Similar specimens collected by Signor Querci in Portugal are in the Tring Museum.
3 <^ (5', 3 99 Ketama, 9, 12, 27 July ; 6 Aug.
32. Coenonympha fettigi inframaculata Oberth.
Coenonympha fettigi inframaculata Oberthiir, t:uid. Lepid. Comp. xi.t, p. 87 (1922) (Fort Toumliline, Morocco).
Dr. Romei sent a very fine series of this rare insect. They all show the large patch of white on the hindwing below, and most of them have the white line running from it along the transverse band much broader than in fettigi or /. iiolli. Above they vary much in the ^^J, some having the forewing uniform fuscous, thence running through all stages to a broad rufous postmedian band.
12 ^S, 5 99 Ketama, 4, 9, 12, 14, 18, 21, 31 July; 6 Aug.
33. Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus (Esp.).
Papilio lyllus Esper, Europ. Schmell. i, pt. ii. Forts, pi. cxxii (cont. 77), ff. 1, 2 (1777) (?).
Three of the 99 (Nos. 163, 154, 156) have very broad, almost black, borders to both pairs of wings, as also has 1 (J (No. 149) ; this is ab. marginata Stdgr. 3 (J (J, 4 99 Ketama, 1, 4, 8, 9, 18 July, 6 Aug. ; 1 ^J Taghsut, 3 July.
34. Thecia Uicis mauretanica Stdgr.
Theda iliris var. mauretanica Staudinger, Iris, v. p. 279, no. 11 (1S92) (Tunis).
There are in the collection 7 cJ^J, 4 9? of this butterfly. The 7 ^^ above are very dark, because they are very fresh ; 3 9? show an approach to ab. cerri Hiibn. ; and 1 9 (No. 209) is ab. auronitens Seitz ; this latter also is conspicuous by the absence of all markings on the underside of both fore- and hindwings, except a single red dot at tornus of hindwing and a shadowy indication of the white line on the hindwings. Some of both Algerian and Moroccan examples show the traces of and even complete narrow white hnes on forewings.
7 (J (J, 4 99 Ketama, 26 June ; 9, 12, 18, 27 July.
Q22 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIIT. 1933.
35. Chrysophanus phloeas phloeas (Linn.).
Papilio phloeas Linnaeus, Faun. Suec. ed. ii, p. 285 (1761) (Swfdi-n).
Dr. Romei sent 6 ^^, 4 ??. 1 (J (No. 215) and 1 ? (No. 218) show a few blue spots behind the submarginal fiery bands of the hindwings above.
4 cJ(J, 4 ?? Ketama, 6 June, 1, 9, 27 July, 6 Aug. ; 2 (^ ^ Tetuan, 26 June.
30. Lampides boeticus (Linn.).
Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, Si/st. Nat. ed. xii, i, p. 789, no. 226 (1767) (Barbaria, = Algeria).
One of the $? is gigantic ; the following are the measurements of the 4 examples :
^ (No. 220) Forewing 17 mm., expanse 38 mm.
$ (No. 223) ,, 16 mm., ,, 35 mm.
$ (No. 222) „ 17 mm., „ 38 mm.
$ (No. 221) ., 20 mm., ,, 45 mm.
1 (^, 3 ?? Ketama, 1, 4, 9 July.
37. Tarucus telecanus (Lang).
Papilio lelecanm Lang, Verz. Schimlt. ed. ii, p. 47 (1789) (Augsburg).
One of the specimens (No. 227) is very large.
4 ^S, 4 ?? Ketama, 1, 4, 9, 18, 31 July.
38. Lycaena astrarche calida Bell.
Lycaena agestis var. calida Bellier de la Chavignerie, Ann. Soc. Enl. France (ser. iv), ii, p. 61.5, no. 2 (1862) (Corsica).
The name calida applies to the Mediterranean race as a whole and ornata Stdgr. is to be used only for the spring brood. One of Dr. Romei's $$ (No. 235) is similar to the (J,^.
3 iJcJ, 9 ?$ Ketama, 1, 3, 12, 18, 27 July ; 6 Aug.
39. Lycaena icaras celina Aust.
Lycaena celina Austaut. Pel. Nouv. Enlom. ii, p. 293. no. 212 (1879) (Sidi-Bel-Abbes).
The chief difference between icarus celina and icarws icarus is the marginal row of black dots on the hindwings. In Moroccan examples both from the Middle and Northern Atlas these dots are smaller and less strongly marked than in Algerian specimens, but they must be treated as celina all the same, as the spots are certainly quite apparent. The 3 $? sent are decidedly small, but 2 (J (J (Nos. 246 and 251) are veritable dwarfs ; the cj (No. 241) measures forewing 12 mm., expanse 27 mm.
5 cJcJ. 2 ?? Ketama, 9, 18, 27 July ; 1 ^, 1 9 Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
40. Lycaena amanda abdelazis Oberth.
Lycaena amanda abdelazis Oberthiir, Elud. Lipid. Cmnp. .xix, pt. 1, p. 108 (1922) (Sebbab Valley. Middle Atlas).
1 cannot find any trace of a description by Blachier, so I enter this subspecies under Oberthiir's reference, as Mr. Meade-Waldo only quotes it under amanda.
2 (^cj, 1 ? Ketama, 1, 4, 9 July.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 323
41. Lycaena argiolus algirica Oberth.
Lycrtena argiolus var. alfjirica Oberthur, f^tnd. Lepid. f'omji. x, p. 401 (1915) (Algeria).
The greater extent of black in the outer half of the wings on the upperside of the 9 distinguishes this race.
4 (J (J, 4 $$ Ketama, 9, 12, 18 July.
42. Adopaea thaumas thaumas (Hufn.).
Papilio Ihainnas Hufnagel, Berl. Mug. ii. p. 62 (IVfiG) (Berlin).
One of the $$ (No. 271) is very large (forewing 17 mm., expanse 39 mm.). 4 cJcJ, 4 ?? Ketama, 29 June ; 4, 6, 9 July.
43. Adopaea acteon acteon (Rott.).
Papilio acteon Rottemburg, Nalurf. vi. p. 31), no. 18 (1775) (Landsberg a.d. Warthe). 1 c?, 2 ?$ Ketama, 29 June ; 12, 18 July.
44. Adopaea hamza (Oberth.).
Hesperia haviza Oberthiir, Slnd. Enloiii. i, p. 28, pi. iii, ff. 2a, b (1876) (Oran).
1 $ Ketama, 29 June.
45. Carcharodus marrubii marrubii (Ramb.).
Pamphila marrubii Rambur. Fuune Enloin. Anihd. ii. p. 323, no. 3 (on pi. 12, ff. 3, 4, as Syrichtus baeticus).
Only 3 specimens were sent.
2 (JcJ, 1 ? Ketama, 29 June, 18 July.
46. Carcharodus lavatherae lavatherae (Esp.).
Papilio lavatherae Esper, Europ. SchmeU. i, pt. 2, p. 148. no. 149, pi. ixxxii (cont. xxxii), f. 4 (1777- 1780) (France and Switzerland).
Dr. Romei sent only 2 examples, so he found it apparently rare. This is, I consider, typical lavatherae, as neither specimen shows any sign of the red found in I. mternirufu.s Rothsch. from West Algeria.
2 (J(^ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July.
47. Carcharodus stauderi romeii subsp. nov.
Differs from stauderi stauderi gen. aest. fulvissima Verity by the blackish, not rich brown, ground colour, the greyish markings similar to gen. aest. stauderi, and the deep red smear above vein 1 of forewing.
3 cJcJ Ketama, 29 June, 9 July.
48. Hesperia numida (Oberth.).
Syrichthus alpeus-niiynida Oberthiir, Stud. Lepid. Coinp. 4, p. 404, pi. Iv, ff. 484-486 (1910) (Lambtee). 1 (^ Assila, 16 July.
49. Hesperia onopordi Ramb.
Hesperia onopordi Rambur, Faune Andal. p. 319, no. 4. pi. viii, f. 13 (1842) (Granada).
6 ^^, 3 ?? Ketama, 9, 12, 31 July, 6 Aug. ; 1 J Assila, 16 July.
324 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
50. Hesperia all (Oberth.).
Si/richthm ali Oberthiir, £tiid. Enlom. vi. pt. iii. p. 61. pi. ii, f. 3 (1881) (Provinces Oran and Con- stantine).
The 5 specimens in the collection show sUght variation towards Spanish examples of sao [giiadarramevsis Warr.) below, but are certainly true ali ; all 5 are tj'pical ali gen. aest. therapnoides Oberthr. The only difference from Algerian ali is that the spots on the upperside are more whitish, less yellow.
2 cJcJ, 2 $$ Ketama, 29 June, 12 July ; 1 jj Tetuan, 26 June.
51. Zygaena trifolii seriziati Oberth.
Zygaena seriziali Oberthiir. £tu(l. Enlom. i, p. 33 (ISTti) (C'ollo).
Dr. Romei sent 8 examples ; they are not quite typical in so far that some of the five (^(J have the red of the hindwings reduced almost as much as in trifolii nigra Dz. (I have found that all seriziati from the higher " Kabylie " are nigra, therefore 7iigra is not a simple aberration, but what Staudinger calls " var. et ab.," and therefore it must stand as a subspecies), and one $ has the red on hindwings reduced to as little as in normal ^ seriziati.
5 cJcJ, 3 9? Ketama, 29 June ; 6, 9, 12, 18 July.
52. Zygaena trifolii difhisemarginata subsp. nov.
(J$. Differs from /. syracusiae in the dark border of the hindwings being very much wider.
3 JcJ. 3 ?? Hauta Kasdir, 15, 19 July (ex coll. Ferrer).
53. Thaumatopoea pityocampa pityocampa (Schiff. & Den.).
Phalaena pityocampa SchifferuiiilkT & Denis, Aiikiiiul. Syst. ferz. SchmeU. Wien, p. 58 (1775) (Vienna).
In Nov. ZooL. xxiv, p. 349, no. 54, I unfortunately referred the Algerian specimens of this species to typical pityocampa, whereas they should have been referred to the subspecies pityocampa orana Stdgr. & Rbl. (Cat. Lep. p. 113, no. 875a).
The 2 specimens from Ketama are not orana and agree perfectly with examples from Spain and Portugal.
2 <^(^ Ketama, 1 July.
54. Notolophus splendida (Ramb.).
Orgya splendida Rambur, Faune Eiitom. And. ii, pi. ITi, If. 3, 4, 5, 6. and d. (1842) (Andalusia).
In Nov. ZooL. xxiv, pp. 350, 351, I discussed Notolophus dubia Tausch, N. splendida (Ramb.), and N. algirica (Luc.) {= josephina Aust.) very carefully, and I then came to the conclusion that Dr. Strand (in Seitz) was wrong in placing all the forms of this group as subspecies of dubia Tausch, and I treated them as 3 species with a number of subspecies of didiia and .<iplendida.
Since then Mr. CoUenette has been revising the Liparidae and has come to the conclusion that I was wrong and Dr. Strand right, and that all the forms of this group of Notolophus are forms of one species dubia Tausch. I have been considering this question again in connection with the 7 cJcJ of the present collection and I cannot but think that the matter is not yet settled. I therefore
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 325
quote the.se 7 examples, which are, undoubtedly, typical splendida Ramb., under the binominal appellation of Notolophus spleridida until I have satisfied my.self as to whether all the dubia-splendida group are one single very variable species or else 3 less variable species.'
Some of the 7 examples are less bright yellow than the rest, as they exhibit a wash of olive over the yellow.
1 (So Ketama, 29 June, 4 July.
55. Notolophus trigotephras transiens (Stdgr.).
Orgya trigotephras var. transiens Staudiuger, Cat. Lepid. Pal. ed. iii, p. 114, no. 888b (1901) (Maure- tania).
The single specimen is very large (forewing 15 mm., expanse 33 mm.) and the blue-grey patches and dark lines are very faint, while the general coloration is very dark chocolate ; however, it would be very unwise to base a new subspecies on this single example.
1 (J Ketama, 29 June.
56. Euproctis phaeorrhoea xanthorroea 0 berth.
Eitproctis chrysorrhoea var. xanthorroea Oberthiir, ^tud. Lepid. Comp. xii. p. 282 (1916) (Algeria, Tuni.sia).
The 2 (^ jj in the collection differ slightly from Algerian examples in having all the abdomen, with the exception of the last segment and the anal tuft, washed with brown ; thus tending towards European phaeorrhoea.
2 (J (J Xauen, 22 July.
57. Paida murina griseola subsp. nov. Differs from murina murina and m. conjuncta in the ground colour being much more mouse grey, not yellowish wood grey. 2 (J(^, 1 $ Xauen, 22 July (Type $).
58. Roeselia togatulalis (Hiibn.).
Pyralis togattilalis Hiibncr, Eiirop. Schmett, Pyr. p. 20, f. 130 (1837) (Europe).
The specimen is very boldly and distinctly marked. 1 cJ Ketama, 9 July.
59. Cirphis loreyi (Dup.).
Noclua loreyi Dupouchel, in Godart, Lepid, France, vii, p. 81, pi. 10.5, f. 7 (1827) (Provence, France). 5 cJc^, 4 $9 Xauen, 22 July.
60. Laphygma exigua (Hiibn.).
Nochm exigua Hiibner, Europ. Schmeli., Xocl. i. 362 (18(IH) (Europe).
The single example is decidedly small. 1 (J Xauen, 22 July.
' The similarity of the genitalia of tlie various forms supports Prof. Strand's opinion. — K. J.
326 NOTITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXX\aiI. 1933.
61. Euxoa segetum (SchifF. & Den.).
Phalaena segeliitn Schiffermiiller & Denis, Ankiind. Syxl. Verz. Srhmell. Wien, pp. 81,252, ff. 3 a, b (177.5) (Vienna).
The single $ with almost totally black forewings belongs to the ab. corticcus Haw.
1 ? Xauen, 22 July.
62. Exoa margaritosa (Haw.).
Noctua margaritosa Haworth, Lipid. Brit. p. 218 (1809).
The 4 rjrj vary from deep maroon brown to sooty brown varied on forewing and thorax with yellowish olive. 4 (J (J Xauen, 22 July.
63. Agrotis c-nigrum (Linn.).
Phalaena c-nigrum Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 516, no. 110 (1758) (Sweden). 1 c? Xauen, 22 July.
64. Miselia dysodea dysodea (Schifi. & Den.).
Noctua dysodea Schiffermiiller A' Denis, Ankiind. N^>7. Verz. Schmett. Wien, p. 72 (1775) (Vienna).
I cannot understand why the late William Warren in Seitz uses Vieweg's name which was published thirteen years later than Schiffermiiller's, 1 c? Xauen, 22 July.
65. Chloridea peltigera (Schiff, & Den.).
Phalaena peltigera Schiffermiiller & Denis, I.e. p. 89 (1775) (Vienna).
The two examples are very sharply marked. 1 (J, 1 ? Xauen, 22 July.
66. Acoutia luctuosa (Schiff. & Den.).
Phalaena luctuosa Schiffermiiller & Uenis, I.e. p. 90 (1775) (Vienna).
1 (J Xauen, 22 July.
67. Eublenima parva (Hiibn.).
Noctua. parva Hiibner, Samnd. Europ. Schmett. Noct. f. 356 (1808) (Europe).
The 5 examples show unusually little individual differences. 1 (J, 3 ?$ Xauen, 22 July ; 1 ^ Ketama, 6 Aug.
68. Eublemma ostrina (Hiibn.).
Noctua ostrirui Hiibner, Samml. Eurup. .Schmett. Noct. ff. 309, 648 (1808) (Europe).
All 3 examples are t3rpical gen, aest, aestivalis. 1 <^, 2 ?? Xauen, 22 July.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 327
69. Eublemma suava blandula (Ramb.).
Nochm blandula Rambiir. (''al. Lepid. And. pi. x, f. 2 (1858) (Andalusia).
1 have only very few tvpical blandula for comparison, so although the 4 examples differ strongly in colour from Rambur's figure, I do not yet venture to separate the Moroccan examples from the Spanish ones. These 4 specimens are very strongly suffused with purple (for further notes see Nov. Zool. xxvii, p. 85, 1920).
2 (^(^, 2 ?? Ketama, 4, 6 July.
70. Synthymia fixa australis (Oberth.).
Meloplnia monogramma australis Obcrthiir, tilxJ. Lepid. Comp. xvi, p. 199, pi. xdvii, f. 4137 (1919) (Geryville).
The single example agrees well with Oberthiir's figure.
1 ? Xauen, 22 July.
71. Phytometra ganuna (Linn.).
Phalaena gamma Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, p. 513, no. 91 (1758) (Sweden).
The 2 examples are quite typical.
2 (J(J Xauen, 22 July.
72. Autophila ligaminosa (Eversm.).
Spintherops ligaminosa Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Imp. Xat. Mosc. 1851, p. 630 (Georgia and Armenia). 1 c?> 2 ?? Ketama, 4, 14, 27 July.
73. Catocala (Ephesia) nymphaea (Esp.).
Nochm nymphaea Esper, Schmelt. iv, pt. 1, p. 158, no. 52, pi. cv, f. 4 (1787) (Lyons). 1 $ Ketama, 29 June.
74. Catocala (Ephesia) conversa (Esp.).
Noclua conversa Esper, Schmelt. iv, pt. 1. pi. ovB, ft. 1, 2, 3 (1787) (Europe).
Three specimens, two of which have a slight olive tint to the yellow on the hindwings.
1 ? Xauen, 22 July ; 1 ^ Cuernos de Xauen, 21 July ; 1 ^J Taghsut, 3 Aug.
75. Parallelia algira (Limi.).
Phalaena algira Linnaeus, Sysl. Nat. ed. xii, p. 830, no. 98 (1767) (Algeria).
1 ? Ketama, 14 July ; 3 (JcJ Xauen, 22 July.
76. Chlorissa pulnientaria (Guen.).
lee, I, no
1 $ Xauen, 22 July.
Nenwria pulmentaria Guenee. in Boisduval & Gucnee. Hi.sl. Nat. Ins. Spec. Gen. Lepid. Uran. et Phal. ix (vol. i), p. 349. no. 541 (1857) (S. France, Dalmatia, Italy).
328 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
77. Rhodostrophia vibicaria strigata Stdgr.
Bhodostrophia vibicaria var. (et ab.?) strigata Staudinger. Cat. Lep. ed. ii, p. 1,54, no. 2227a (1871) (Andalusia, N. Persia).
The single example is large and agrees with Sicilian specimens. The figure in Seitz is too small.
1 (^ Ketama, 1 July.
78. Scopula marginipunctata (Goeze).
PhaUiena Geoiiwtra marginipunctata Goeze, Entovi. Bei/tr. iii. pt. iii, no. 8.5 (1781) (Europe).
Of the 3 examples Mr. Prout considers the 2 Xauen specimens are his form argillacea (the Mauretanian race) and the Ketama $ somewhat intermediate ; but I think argillacea can hardly be treated as more than an ab. loc.
1 cj, 1 ? Xauen, 22 July ; 1 $ Ketama, 9 July.
79. Sterrha lambessata (Oberth.).
Acidalia lambessata Oberthiir, Bitll. Soc. Ent. France, 1887, p. Ixvii, no. 8 (Lambessa, Algeria).
One example, quite typical. 1 $ Ketama, 1 July.
80. Sterrha aUardiata (Mab.).
Acidalia aUardiata Mabille, Ann. Soc. Ent. France (4), ix. p. 59, pi. 2, f. 7 (1869) (Lambessa, Bi.skra)
Differs from Mabille's figure in the base of forewings not being white and in the ante- and postmedian bands being more widely separated, as in sericeata Hiibn. ; but more Moroccan material is required before we can separate the Moroccan and Algerian forms.
1 $ Ketama, 1 July.
81. Sterrha lutulentaria terminolineata subsp. nov.
Differs from lutulentaria lutulentaria above in being paler yellow, with greyish, less yellowish, markings and with terminal dashes between the nervures, thus approaching fuscovenosa Goeze.
1 $ Ketama, 9 July.
82. Sterrha ostrinaria (Hiibn.).
Phahtena ostrinaria Hiibner, Samml. Europ. Schmett. Geomet. i. 430 (180,'")) (Europe).
1 $ Ketama, 9 July.
83. Sterrha fathmaria (Oberth.).
Eupithecia fathtnaria Oberthiir, £lud. Entom. i, p. 63 (1876) (Oued-Hounet, Prov. Oran).
This is the first record of this very distinct species from Morocco, though it is well known from all over Western Algeria. 1 cJ, 8 $9 Ketama, 29 June ; 1, 4 July.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. • 329
84. Rhodometra sacraria (Linn.).
Phalaena (Geometra) sacraria Linnaeus, tSynt. Nat. ed. xii, p. 863, no. 220 (1766) (" Habitat in Bar- baria ").
All 3 belong to ab. labda Cram. One $ is strongly marked, the oblique dark line reaching the hindmargin as in the ^. A small well-defined cell spot is also developed in this $.
1 cJ, 2 ?$ Xauen, 22 July.
85. Coenotephria kalischata (Stdgr.).
Cidaria kaliscluita Staudinger, Berl. Entom. Zeitschr. xiv, p. 127, no. 2r> (1870) (Malaga, Oran).
The single specimen, though a $, shows no sign of the rosy suffusion given by the author for that sex, but has the ground more olivaceous gi'ey. This is new for Morocco.
1 $ Ketama, 1 July.
86. Euphyia bilineata numidica Rothsch.
Euphyia hiluieata nmnidica Rothschild, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9), xvi, p. 206, no. 37 (1925) (Algeria, Cyrenaica).
The (J (J show the usual wide range of variation ; 1 <^ has the median area distaUy very dark, this is from Taghsut ; while one from Ketama is extremely vivid yellow with all transverse markings very yellow.
3 (J (J Taghsut, 3 July ; 2 (J (J, 5 ?$ Ketama, 1, 9, 12 July.
87. Anaitis efformata Guen.
Anaitis efformata Guenee, Hist. Nat. his. Spec. Gen. Lepid. Phalen. ii, p. 500, no. 17.30 (1858) (Syria).
This species up to the year 1923 had been treated by almost every lepidop- terist as a synonym of A. plagiata (Linn.), and it was Dr. Jordan who first drew attention to the specific differences. A. efformata had, in the third edition of Staudinger and Rebel's Catalogue, been placed with a doubt mark (?) under his var. et ab. pallidata described in the Horae, vii, p. 171 (1870). As there is no CERTAIN difference in colour, pattern, and size between plagiata and efformata, and the striking differences are confined to the secondary sexual organs of both cj and 9, it is hardly surprising that the two species were considered as one for so long. For further particulars see Jordan, Nov. Zool. xxx, pp. 243-246 (1923).
1 $ Xauen, 22 July ; 1 cj, 1 $ Ketama, 29 June, 9 July.
88. Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hiibn.).
Phalaena {Geometra) piitnil/ila Hiibner, Saiiiinl. Eiimji. Srhiiutt., (leom. lig. 388 (1805) (Europe).
A curious error has apparently crept into the plate (No. 75) of Hiibner's Sammlung, displaying the insects numbered 386 to 390 of the Geometrae. The species of " Pugmoth " dealt with here is deisicted by fig. 388 and aversaria Hiibn. = aversata Linn, by fig. 389 ; and these figures have been quoted as applying to those species without comment. But on the same plate (75) in the explanation at the foot of the plate the numbers are reversed, aversaria being numbered 388 and pumilata 389.
330 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. UI33.
Jacob Hiibner, in his Systematisch-alphabetisches Verzeichniss zur Saimnlung europdischer Schmetferlinge, p. 48, 1892, quotes pumilata under 389, as does also Herrich Schaffer in his Syst. Bearb. Schmett. Europ. 3, 141, under No. 72 (1847), and Dupouchel, in Godart, Hist. Nat. Lepid. France, Siippl. iv, p. 105, no. ceciii, pi. 59, f. 3 (1842). None of these three authors explain why they have quoted 389 instead of 388, and mo.st other authors have used No. 388 without scruple.
The only reason I can imagine for so many authors (including Staudinger) quoting 388 without any comment is that 388 of the explanation = 389 figure on plate called in explanation averseria is the so well-known aversata Linn, that every author thought his readers would see that the explanation was the erroneous factor and the figure with the number 388 could be the only possible puviilafa.
2 (JcJ, 4 $$ Xauen, 22 July ; 2 ?? Ketama, 1, 4 July.
89. Rhoptria asperaria (Hiibn.).
Phalaena (Geomelra) asperaria Hiibner, Samnd. Europ. Schmett. fig. 484 (1805) (Europe).
Both examples belong to the typical banded form hardly known from N.W. Africa, where it is almost entirely replaced by the faintly marked, nearly unicolorous form pilyata Ramb.
1 (J Ketama, 4 July ; 1 $ Xauen, 22 July.
90. Mannia oranaria (Stdgr.).
Tephronia oranaria Staudinger. Iris, .O, p. 179 (1.S92) (.Sebdou, Oranais).
This species is new for Morocco.
1 cJ Ketama, 9 July ; 1 $ Xauen, 22 July.
I
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 331
JOURNEY TO ALGERIA AND MAROCCO IN 1929.
By ERNST HARTERT.
r\N February 10th, 1929, I left England with Mrs. Hartert for Algeiia to ^^ collect bird skins for our friend Dr. L. C. Sanford of Comiecticut, U.S.A., as well as to fill certain gaps in Lord Rothschild's collection if opportunity offered itself, and to collect lepidoptera for the Tring Museum. We were looking forward to the sun and warmth of N. Africa and rejoiced to escape the cold Eittopean winter. France looked very different from what we knew of it, though we often had traversed it about this same time of the year. Some snow was on the ground — all the rivers and water supplies were frozen along the route from Calais to Marseilles. The train arrived at Marseilles over six hours late on account of the difficulty in obtainmg water for the engine. The next day we crossed over to Algiers, and after spending a week there, took train for Biski'a, where we arrived on February 27th. I had arranged with the Swiss taxidermist, Ernst Fliikiger, of Iiiterlaken, to assist me on this trip in collecting bird skins. Biskra was somewhat changed — instead of the former small garrison of French soldiers and Spahis in their picturesque uniforms, before the war, it swarmed now with Senegalese negro soldiers which make up the after-war garrison ; also the number of automobiles had greatly increased and cars of all descrijjtions went over the roads in the desert in various directions. Bird life was more or less about the same as before, but already on our first outing I made a suiprising discovery. On March the 1st a cold strong wind was blowing and light was bad, the air being full of sand and dust. Nevertheless, we went on, just to the httle range of rocks extending from near the gardens of Beni Mora to the neigh- bourhood of the hot wells. There we fomid the usual poor bird population, but there were also flying some Rock-Martins, Riparia rwpestris, and as I had only my walking-stick gun with me, with which shooting m strong wind and thick air is rather dilKcult, I asked Fliikiger to do the shooting. When we returned to the Hotel du Sahara to unpack the birds he had shot I was surprised to see that one of the Martins was much smaller and paler than the others. Fliikiger assured me he had noticed that ah'eady when he shot it. I was quite excited, and it struck me at once that it looked somewhat like the form discovered by Dr. Geyr von Schweppenburg in the Hoggar Mountains. Next day we were both again in the same place, but no Rock-Martins were to be seen. Several days afterwards we came across them in the river bed of the Oued Biskra, south of Biskra. Here again they were flying together with Riparia rupestris riipestris, and, of course, we got several specimens, however not many of them. That was all we saw of them in that neighbouihood.
We saw the little pale Rock-Martin at the end of March near Beni-Ounif de Figuig, in westernmost Algeria, close to the Maroccan boundary. Some were flying on the eastern slope of the Djebel Grouz, in a place where there was a steep chff, on which they jirobably nested, though it was too early for eggs. Here, too, we got some siJecimens, and the next day I saw one flying in the street of Beni- Ounif during a gale. They were alone, not in company with the other species, 22
332 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
which is a winter bird in South Algeria. I certainly imagmed I had discovered a new Riparia, but when back at Tring I compared them with our Riparia obsoleta spatzi GejT, and others lent (among them the type) from the Museum Koenig in Bonn, as well as with five skins collected by Buchanan in the Hoggar Mountains, during his crossing of the Sahara — I found them indistinguishable ! The coloration is the same and the measurements agree. The wings are as follows :
^ ad. Geyr coll. Hoggar Mountains : 118, 119, 123 (type), 123-5 mm. ? 121-5 mm.
cJ ad. Buchanan coll. Hoggar Mountains: 118, 119 mm. $ 118, 119, 120 mm.
^ ad. near Biskra and Djebel-Groxiz near Beni-Ounif : 118, 118-5, 122, 122-5, 123 mm. ? 117, 122 mm.
This bird occurs also in Marocco, near the eastern border of that land, for Monsieur Heim de Balsac observed it west of Figuig, and noticed the pale coloration as compared with Riparia rupestris rupestris, but was imable to get a specimen. Also when travelling throughout a long day, over sixteen hours in an automobile oimiibus, from Figuig to Oujda, we clearly saw a few of these birds at the rocks near Berguent, but there was no time to mipack the guns to get them.
It is strange that this bird, the same as the one which is common in the Hoggar Mountains, was never observed by anyone before Heim de Balsac and myself came across it in Algeria and Marocco. I believe it must occiu- in other places, sterile rocky ranges in the Sahara, but so far there is nothing known about it.
Near Biskra Gahrida crisiata arenicola was common in the plains, but on all rocky hill ground Galerida thekiae hilgerti took its place. Oeruinthe lugens was very common. Anthus campestris was common near Biskra, but stOl on migration. A specimen of Oeruinthe oenanthe oenanthe was shot at Biskra on March 17th, but the migration of it was only just beginning.
Lanius excubitor elegans was much rarer than formerly. I only saw one specimen near Biskra, and that was so shy that I could not shoot it. Also Oenanthe moesta was much rarer than formerly, but it occiu-red farther away than we went, as we made n\ost of oiu- trips on foot.
After three weeks we left Biskra and went by train to Algeria, and from there to Beni-Ounif near Figuig, in westernmost Algeria, near the Maroccan boundary.
The surroundings of Beni-Ounif were very dry, the river had no water, the vegetation in the desert was jioor, but along old dry water-courses were small Zizyphus bushes, and in the open desert numerous specimens of the peculiar plant Anabasis aretioides in all sizes.
The rocky range of the Djebel-Grouz was almost bare of vegetation. Only in one place, at a steep bare cliff, we came across the Riparia obsoleta spatzi. The Grey Shrike here is Laniiis excubitor elegans, but I only observed a single specimen on a date palm in the forsaken, dying portion of the oasis, which I was able to procure.
An Anthus trivialis was met on migration close to Beni-Oimif, March 28th.
Oenanthe leucopyga aegra was surprisingly common. It was evidently breeding on the Djebel-Grouz, and descended to the plain to feed in the morning. We collected a series of this lovely bird. All white-headed specimens had the wings black, all black-headed ones had dark-brown quills, only one
NOVITATES ZOOLOGKAE XXXVIII. 1933. 333
female, shot on Djebel-Grouz 20.iii. 1029 had brown quills, but they were fresh, not worn. Adult females had also white heads !
For eggs it was evidently too early, as could easily be seen by the condition of the sexual organs. The measurements of the wings were as follows :
cj ad., all black quills and white heads : Wing 102, 102, 104, 104, 105-5, and 108 mm.
$ ad., black quills, white heads : Wing 97, 97-5, 99, 99, 100 mm.
(J of last year, brown quills, black heads : Wing 101, 102, 102, 103, 103 mm.
$ of last year, brown quills, black heads : Wing 95 {with one white feather on crown), 96-5, 97 mm.
From Beni-Ounif we went by automobile omnibus to Oujda. The bus left Figuig at half-past two in the morning, and arrived at Oujda about six o'clock at night. The journey across the open desert was very beautiful, the moon shining, and the air being quiet. We saw Gazelles and Bustards (Chlamydotis undulata undidata), and a number of Burhinus oedicnemus, in the morning, at sunrise. We drove through the interesting desert triangle, an absolute piece of Sahara, with desert vegetation and desert fauna, which I have described before (Nov. ZooL., xxxiv, p. 46, 1927).
The road was often rather rough, but the chauffeur was an expert driver. We went on without stopping to Tendiara, on the plateau, where it was bleak and very cold. Later on we arrived at Berguent, 918 m. high, where we got some hot coffee and ate what remained of our provisions.
There we clearly observed once more the interesting Martin, Clivicola obsoleta sjjatzi. Going farther north towards Oujda, we saw to our surprise that a heavy thmiderstorm had gone down there in the morning and had torn away great pieces of the high road. We were therefore obliged to take a roundabout way over the fields, without any roads at all. The omnibus rocked terribly, but here again the driver was perfectly able to overcome the difficulties, only we arrived rather late at Oujda.
From Oujda we went by autobus over good roads to the picturesque town of Fez, and from there via Meknes to Rabat.
At Rabat I noticed no great change m bird life ; the fascinating Lesser Kestrel (Falco iviumanni) seemed as common as before, and the white-rumped Swiftlet [ApiLS affinis galilejensis) nested on the one great building, where it nested before, and two nests of Martins in another street were taken by force by some of them, but were later disturbed and partially destroyed, apparently by the inhabitants of the house.
On the last day at Rabat we made a long walk in the direction of Meknes. There were still large ponds on the plam, and on one of them a flock of over twenty Larus melanocephalus, a species never before noticed in Marocco, was closely observed ; but as I had only a walking-stick gun, it was quite impossible to obtain a specimen.
From Rabat we proceeded to El-Hajeb, where we got comfortable rooms in the newly built hotel. Oeruinthe hispanica hispanica was nesting commonly above El-Hajeb, on April 23rd eggs in a female were already half size.
We of course paiil attention to the rocks where the Bald-headed Ibis, Coma- tibis eremita, was breeding. In the stomachs of some specimens we fomid :
1. Masses of beetles, caterpillars, and beetle-larvae.
2. Beetles, larvae of coleoptera and lepidoptera, 1 Helix, 1 scolopender.
33-1 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
3. Beetles, larvae, caterpillars.
4. Masses of beetles, the stomach almost full of them.
We never heard any caU, but that these birds have some notes, very seldom heard and not loud, I have observed in the Berlin Zoological Gardens, last spring. From El-Hajeb we visited again dear old Azrou. Again we were forced to take an armed escort with us on all our excursions. Unfortunately bad weather set in and it rained and became very cold at Azrou. We therefore did not remain very long, but nevertheless collected the more important birds of the neigh- bourhood.
A Parus major lynesi ^ shot had a wing of 80 mm.
Of Cerlhia brachydaclyla raisulii Bannerm. we shot a female, which was evidently laying, on April 29th. Wing ^ 69, $ 63 mm.
From Azrou we took autobus down via Rabat and Casablanca to Marrakesh. At Casablanca I saw Apu^ affinis galilejensis under the roof of a house on one of the main roads. This species is extending its range. It now breeds at Oran, where formerly it did not occur. It is said to winter in Tunis, where it nests on the cathedral, where it was first seen by Blanchet and Lavauden, but did not ccciu' during Koenig's and Whitaker's visits.
On a ? specimen shot near Marrakesh on May 7th I found the neck and sides of body moulting !
Diu-ing our stay at Marrakesh the French entomologist Dr. Ungemach was also there, and Fliikiger and I accompanied him on several of his trips. We went with him to the rocky range of Djebilet north of Marrakesh, and found there Lanius excubitor dodsoni quite common. While near Marrakesh the common Crested Lark is Galerida cristata riggenbachi (only once did I come across a O. theHae ruficolor !), on the Djebilet hiUs Galerida iheliae ruficolor is quite numerous, and no G. cristata is seen.
We also stayed a night in a forester's hoiLse at Agaioiiar, 1,800 m. high in the Great Atlas, south of Marrakesh. We travelled in Dr. Ungemach's car, and it took quite a time to ascend to Agaiouar, the greater part over quite new roads, mostly built by legionnaires. Near that place it is all forest, but not of high trees, mostly bushes. Going up we saw flocks of Red-billed Choughs, and one of the White-billed species (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax and graculus). Near Agaiouar Alectoris barbara barbara is not rare, and Cardaelis cannabina mediter- ranea occurred in large flocks on May 1 Ith. They had evidently already nested.
A flock of Red-rumped Swallows, Hirmulo daurica rtifula appeared in the afternoon and were obviously looking for breeding-places ; they were, however, disappointed, and left again after a short stay of an hour or so, though the altitude, 1,800 metres, did not seem to disturb them.
The days were wonderfid at Agaiouar ; the outlook was magnificent — one could see the tower of the Koutoubia, and at night the lights of the town of Marrakesh. The night became, however, cold, and in the morning there was hoar frost on the grass all roimd the forestry buildings. In the evening not a single moth came to the lamp Dr. Ungemach liad put out in a suitable place — it was evidently too cold. Except a species of Zygaena, no interesting lepidoptera were caught.
When we were down again at Marrakesh bad weather set in. Nearly three days and nights a number of thunderstorms came down, and all along the Atlas very bad weather raged, so that the roads became dangerous for automobUes,
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 335
and we were unable to go to Telouet, in the Glaoui country, as the chauffeurs declared it to be impossible. We made a trial trip and could only agree with them. Such weather is extremely rare late in May.
We left then Marrakesh and returned to Rabat. On the last of May we went homewards again, by road to Tangiers in an automobile omnibu-s, a trip which is now accomplished in about five hours. Unfortunately rain set in at the moment we left Rabat, and we had by no means a pleasant journey, while at Tangiers it was very fine again. The next day we crossed over to Gibraltar and retm'ned from there to London.
The chief ornithological results of this journey were two new species for Algeria and Marocco :
Riparia obsoleta spaizi on the rocks of the northern edge of the Sahara, and
Larus melanocephalus, observed for the first time in Marocco. Where do these nest ? There must be breeding-places farther westwards than hitherto known in the Mediterranean. The flat ponds on which I observed them near Rabat dried up in about a fortnight.
336 XOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
CROSSING THE GREAT ATLAS IN MAROCCO IN 1930. By ERNST HARTERT.
TN 1930 I went once more to Marocco, on a short trip, in the month of July,
and con.sequently particularly intere.sting for me. I left London on a P. & O. boat, the Moidtan, with my trusted companion, Frederick Young, from the Tring Museum, on June 27th, and arrived at Gibraltar July 1st, 1930. On July 2nd we reached Casablanca, and went to Marrakesh the foUomng day. Three days later we left for Telouet.
My chief object was to observe the bird life on the southern slopes of the Great Atlas, and, if possible, to get a specimen of the rare Rhodopechys sanguinea aliena Whit., of which the only known three specimens were got not far from Telouet ("at Glaoui in the Atlas "). Telouet is the residence of the pacha El- Hadj-Tsehami-El-GIaoui, the greatest and richest of the Atlas chiefs, who is a friend and admirer of the French ; he now only resides temporarily in Telouet, and lives principally in his very fine house in Marrakesh.
The French have now built two fine automobile roads across the Atlas, one by Telouet. The chief road makers of these roads were the men of the Foreign Legion. For the greater part the Telouet road follows the Oued R'dat, and it is very beautiful, giving fine views in many places. The native villages are mostly hard on the river, and often deep below the road. Very good irrigations often go from the river for miles to fields and plantations. Enormous old chestnut trees adorn most of the inhabited places. It is to me very peculiar, and I have no good explanation that the Oued R'dat is not inhabited by any of the rare alpine birds found elsewhere in the Atlas : there are no Cindus, no white Wagtails (Motacilla alba subpersonaia), no Maroccan Sand-Martins (Riparia pahulicola mauritanica). One passes no real forests, only one open bush-wood, in which there seem to be not many of the Maroccan forest birds. The vegetation however, gets very much more interesting and alpine, and it is very different from that of the Middle Atlas. Alpine butterflies appear also in the higher regions, and up on pass Tizi-n-Tichkan the Zygaena aurata blachieri Rothsch. (Nov. ZooL. 1931, p. 199) was discovered, and as well a single Z. orana harterti Rothsch. was obtained.
Immediately below the pass, on the southern slopes, at about 2,000 metres, open forest begins and stretches a good way. I saw no remarkable birds in these woods, but the interesting rock-squirrel, Atlantoxeru-s getnhi-s, was observed at an open space. Lower do^ni the forest disappears again, and one descends con- siderably, mitil the peculiar old castle of the pacha of the Glaoui comes in sight. It is strongly fortified and of great extent, and several stories high.
Nearly two miles from Telouet is the French fort of the same name, during our visit occupied by a company of the Foreign Legion. We were granted two becb'ooms and had to take luncheon and dinner with the officer of the " Bureau Arabe " and one or two others in a building outside the fort, near the house in which we slept. The weather during our visit was wonderful. While it was hot in the day, the temperature fell considerably dming the night. Every day a
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 337
strong west wind came up about midday and blew for several hours, sometimes unpleasantly strong.
The bird life was about the same as on the northern slopes of the Great Atlas. On the open hammada. on which we lived, Oalerida theklae ruficolor was common, Oenanihe deserti homochroa, Oenanthe hispanica hispanica, Anthus campestris campestris were not rare. On and near the Kasbah Passer domesticus tingitanus, Eviberiza striolata sahari, and a few Hirundo ntstica were always seen. The fine Comaiibis eremita which nests in the Sous valley comes up sometimes, and a flock spent an hour here feeding on a field about a fortnight before our visit. Storks were seen nearly every day. Along the river are trees and gardens. In these Serinus canaria serinus, Hippolais pallida opaca (only twice seen), Emberiza striolata sahari, Carduelis cannabina, Muscicapa striata, Carduelis carduelis, Tardus mertda mavritanictcs, Falco tinnuncuhis and some pairs of Streptopelia turtur arenicola ; of the last thousands passed through on migration in April ! There can be no doubt about this, as I heard detailed accounts of it. Where did they come from ? ! Quails were met with twice in the native gardens by the river. On steep rocks near by Columba livia nested, but I did not obtain one. Once I saw an Aquila bonellii, once a pair of Circaetus gallicus, twice Buleo rufinus cirtensis, several times Corvus corax tingitanus were observed. Lieutenant Amilakrari, a Eurasian who was officer in the Foreign Legion, took us to a place where he knew Alectoris barbara barbara to exist. It was a two hours' journey over an awful stony region with very little vegetation. For a long time we searched in vain for the Alectoris, but at last Amilakrari came across a covey and shot four, of which Young skinned three. They were in full moult, but did not seem to differ from specimens from north of the Atlas. At a small village we passed we saw Oenanthe lencura syeniticu and shot one of them. In vain did we search for Rhodopechys sanguinea aliena which must have been obtained near Telouet. Neither on the castle nor anjrwhere else could we see a trace of them, and neither the officers nor the natives knew anything about them.
The occurrence of the above-named species is interesting, as most of them had not been observed at such a high altitude, for the pass of Tizi-n-Tichkan is quite 2,000 m. high, and the castle of Telouet is 1,960 m.
Of butterflies the commonest was the Melanargia galathea meade-waldoi, but none of the rare Satyri and Zygaenae were met with. Enormous numbers of a medium-sized grasshopper and a number of other species of Orthoptera inhabited the more fertile places, and I collected a number of them, but they miraculously disappeared from the Tring Museum before they were taken up to the British Museum.
We stayed a week at Telouet and then returned to Marrakesh, where it was very hot, while when we were there a little over a week before it had hardly been warmer than on a hot summer day in England. The surroundings were very dry, but the rare " Copper " Chrysophanu.s phoehus was almost as common as it had been in other years in May and beginning of June.
As soon as we could get away we returned to Rabat, and from there to El- Hajeb under the slopes of the Middle Atlas. It had become too dry there for man}' butterflies, ancl the bare-necked Ibis, Comatibis eremita, had left their nesting-place, though a small flock flew round in silence. We spent a day at Ifran, and another at dear old Azrou. We made a long trip from there over the mountains and for the first time saw and caught 8 specimens of Argynnis lyauteyi,
338 NOVITATES ZoOLOGirAE XXXVIII. 1933.
some already worn, but others quite fresh, as if just emerged. At Ifran we caught Argtjnnis lathonia, which resembles the rare lyauteyi at a distance. Out- side the forests, in the open, Satyrus briseis major was common.
On July 25th we left Rabat by the very small boat of the Bland Line and on the 2Sth we sailed from Gibraltar on the s.s. Malwa, arriving at London on the 1st of August.
LTndoubtedly July is too late for bird collecting in Marocco, all birds being in moult and badly worn. But for butterflies the higher ranges of the Atlas, where there are forests, and the bare peaks, are most interesting localities, and well worth visiting for longer periods.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 339
TWO NEW SPECIES OF MAZUCA, AN AFEICAN C4ENUS OF AGAR! STI DAE (LEPIDOPTERA).
By KARL JORDAN, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S.
(With 8 text-figures.)
'TiHE difference between Noctiiidae and Agari.sHdae being one of degree, the position of Maziica Walk. 1866 depends on the view one takes as to the extent of the Agaristidae. Aurivillius, Strand, and I liave regarded Mazuca as being an Agaristid, whereas Hampson placed it with the Noctuids (Lej). Phal. ix. p. 347 (1910)). Two species are known : 31. Jmemagrapha Hamps. 1910, and M. strigicincta Walk. 1866. The former is represented at Tring by the type, the only specimen recorded. The second species has been described under four different names in four genera, the synonym}^ given by Hampson, I.e., being quite correct. I add here two new species. One of them is near M. strigicincta and the other resembles in some points M. haemagraplia.
1. Mazuca dulcis sp. nov.
$. Markings of body as in M . strigicincta ; on foretibia three blue-black spots, on midtibia two, on hindtibia a vestigial subapical one, segment I of fore- and midtarsi with a conspicuous blue-black spot (absent from M. strigicincta), this spot vestigial on hindtarsus.
Upperside of forewing sulphur-yellow, black markings at costal margin and termen as in M. strigicincta, but the seventh and eighth bars counted from base red near their discal ends, the basal double spot in front of the submedian vein and the subbasal cell-spot red, with a few blue-black scales, at hindmargin five red bars, proximal pair at basal third less anguliform than in M . strigicincta, interrupted on submedian, the posterior half of the outer bar with some blue- black scales at both ends ; of the three postmedian bars the proximal one straight and oblique as in M. strigicincta, the other two rectanguliform, the discal arm of proximal one of the two anguliforms joined to oblique bar and forming a right angle with it, the three red bars with minute blue-black dots at hindmargin, on submedian vein and on submedian fold ; the marking in apex of cell as in M. strigicincta, but the proximal ring or double bar for the greater part red ; the two red discal spots rather larger than in M. strigicincta, blue-black at each end.
Length of forewing : 20 mm.
West Africa : Ibadan, Lagos, xii.1905, 1 $.
2. Mazuca amoena sp. nov. (text-figs. 54, 55, 56).
(^. Easily recognized by the large orange-scarlet elliptical discal ring on the forewing. Markings on body nearly as in M. haemagrapha, but the transverse bars on the thorax thinner, the patagia not edged with blue-black, the tarsi with a spot on upperside of segments III and IV. Scaling of antenna white in basal foittth and at apex.
340 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. I!l33.
Forewing as in 31. haemagrapha . narrower than in M. strigicincta, more strongly rounded distally, tornal angle effaced ; black bars at costal and distal margins as in 31. haemagrapJm, but thinner and therefore less liable to coalesce, the two before tornus quite separate ; from hindmargin costad to central mark- ings six thin orange-scarlet lines, nearly evenly spaced, first and second parallel, thii'd and fourth curved and, at submedian fold, coalescing and then separating, encircling below cell a small space of the ground-colour, posteriorly these two lines a little wider apart than the others, fifth slightly elbowed on submedian fold, leaning a little distad like the sixth, all except first blue-black at hindmargin, seventh line black, on lower angle of cell a small black ring with black pupil as in 31. haemagrapha, proximally of this eye-sjjot an orange-scarlet spot, upon which follow in the direction towards base three black rings, and an indication of a fourth, behind these rings and down to base an orange-scarlet irregular stripe which the red hindmarginal lines join ; beyond lower cell-angle an elliptical orange-scarlet ring (instead of the orange-scarlet patch of M. haemagrapha), the line itself a little over i mm. thick, broken at lower cell-angle by the eye-spot, from which a thin blue-black line runs a short distance along the inside of the ring, inner longitudinal diameter of ring nearly 3 mm., transverse 2 mm., the marginal bars join the ring ; in front of eye-spot an ovate ring in 31. haemagrapha, this ring larger in 31. amoena, but mcomplete, being interrupted costally.
As in 31. haemagrapha, the areola short, very little projecting beyond lower cell-angle, stalk of SC'* short.
Genitalia. — Anal tergite with a spiniform uncus, which is much shorter in both M. amoena and 31. haemagrapha than in 31. strigicincta. Clasper much longer and broader in 31. haemagrapha than in two other species (,j' of 31. dnlc.is not known to me), and shortest in 31. amoena ; for comparison we figure the claspers of these three species, their aspects from outside and inside. In M. strigicincta (text-figs. 50, 51) the clasper is nearly straight, rounded-narrowed at apex ; on inside (fig. 51) the basal half of the ventral portion is much swollen and enlarged dorsad ; from the narrow distal portion of this swelling a narrow, subventral, rod-like, transversely more or less convex ridge (H) extends halfway to apex, the ridge not separated from inner surface of clasper, not being a free process. In 31. haemagrapha (text-figs. 52, 53, 57) the clasper is about one-fourth longer than in 31. strigicincta, its ventral margin almost gradually curved dorsad ; the tip of the harpe (H) visible in externo-lateral aspect (fig. 52) ; on inside (fig. 53) the basal half of the ventral area swollen and enlarged dorsad, this swelUng widest distally ; it narrows into the harpe, which is narrow for a short distance and then is widened dorsad into a process curved distad and mediad, the process appearing narrow in an aspect perpendicular on the inner surface of the clasper, and broader in a ventral aspect (fig. 57). In 31. amoena (text-figs. 54, 55, 56) the clasper about half as long as in 31. haemagrapha, rather strongly narrowed to apex ; a dorso-marginal area inclusive of apex sublinear, more strongly chitinized than the ventral area adjacent to it ; on inner side (fig. 55), the basal swollen area resembling that of 31. haemagrapha : the harpe very different, its free process narrow, almost pointed, directed dorsad-inward and. slightly curved frontad.
Length of forewing 16 mm., width 8 mm.
Congo Beige : Sashila R., 5.x. 1925, 1 ^.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
341
54- /\ 55.
Fig. 50. Mazuca strigicincta, clasper from outside.
51. ,, ,, ,, „ inside ; H = harpe.
52. „ haemagrapJui, clasper from outside.
53. ,, „ „ ,, inside.
54. „ amoena, clasper from outside.
55. „ „ „ ,, inside.
56. „ „ ventral aspect of claspers.
57. „ haernagrapha, harpe, ventral aspect.
342
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1U33.
A NEW SPHINGID FROM MADAGASCAR (LEPIDOPTERA).
By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S.
(With 4 text-figures.)
Teninora engis sp. nov. (text-figs. 58-61). (J. Near T. grandidieri Butl. 1S79. General colouring the same, except that the upperside of the hindwing is brick-red with a diffuse brown border, and the underside of body and wings more distinctly brick-red than in T. grandidieri. Antenna shorter. Apex of forewing less produced, the subtornal sinus of hindmargin less deep, the outer margin of hindwing less incurved before anal angle, and both wings broader. On forewing, no diffuse dark shade from tornus obliquely to costal margin, close on basal side of middle of costa a small isolated brown blotch, at hindmargin as in T. grandidieri the obsolete or obsolescent lines of outer half of wing represented by four distinct bars, these somewhat farther away from termen in the new species and the innermost, or first, Une more pro- minent and anteriorly slightly curved basad-costad, its general direction being towards basal half of costa, not towards outer half, the next Une closer to the first than to the third ; submarginal-subapical brown dot farther away from margin than in T. grandidieri.
Underside with the lines and dots of T. grandidieri very feebly indicated ; on forewing a brown terminal border obscured by grey, the border projecting basad before middle, nearly 3 mm. broad before tornus ; brownish border of hind^\ ing narrower than the one on forewing and less distinct.
Genitaha (text-figs. 9-12) : X.t. and X.st. (fig. 58) broader and considerably shorter than in T. grandidieri, apex of tergite (X.t.) convex above, subcarinate, concave below ; sternite (X.st.) shorter and much broader than tergite, somewhat rounded-narrowed towards apex, not at all pointed, very feebly curved upwards, with indication of an apical median sinus. Clasper with about 10 large friction scales ; harpe (figs. 59, 60) broader than in T. grandidieri, the free apical portion ventraUy convex, subdorsally concave, at extreme tip the concavity dorsal.
Aedeagus (= penis-sheath) (fig. 61) with a dentate flap on tlie right side nearly as in T. grandidieri, and a very short dentate one on tlie left (instead of the long thin pointed left process of T. grandidieri).
Length of forewmg 22 mm., width 11 mm. Madagascar : Foret d' Anamalazotra, Station Perinet 140 km. east of Tananarivo, 1 1 .xii. 1930 (Mme. d'Olsoufiefif), 1 cj.
Fig. 58. Temnora engis, X.t. = tenth tergite, X.st. = tenth sternite, ventral aspect. ,, 59. Temnora engis, harpe, lateral aspect. ,, 60. ,, ,, ,, donsal aspect,
,, 61. „ „ aedeagus.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
343
FOUR NEW FLEAS COLLECTED BY PROFESSOR F. SPILLlVLiNN
IN ECUADOR.
By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S., F.R.E.S., F.Z.S.
(With 6 text-figiu-es.)
1. Hoplopsyllus andensis sp. nov. (text-fig. 02).
$. Differs from H. glaciaUs Tascli. 1880 and H. exoticus J. & R. 1921 in the pronotal comb extending farther down the sides, consisting of 20 spines, which, moreover, are less pointed than in the alhed species. The bristles on abdominal segments VII and VIII as ui H. exoticus (cf. Ectoparasites, i, p. 312, text-fig. 314) ;
Fig. 62. — Hoplopsyllus amlensis, spermatheca. Fig. 63. — Ceraiophyllus equatoris, (J-genitalia.
the ventral excision of VII. st. as deep as in H. exoticus, but the specimen not flattened enough for comparing the width of the excision. Stylet as in H. glacialis (and its subspecies), i.e. shorter than in H. exoticus, with two lateral Isristles. The head of the spermatheca (text-fig. 62) smaller than m H. gl. glacialis and H. gl. lynx Baker 1904, whereas the tail is broader (the organ not preserved in the unique specimen of H. exoticus).
Ecuador : Paramo de Guamani, on road to Baiza, Region Oriental, on Thomasomys sp., 29.vii.1931, 1 ?.
This discovery extends the range of the Northern genus Hoplopsyllus into South America ; H. exoticus was obtamed at Panama.
344
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
2. Ceratophyllus equatoris sp. nov. (text-figs. C3, 64).
(J$. Close to C. apollinaris J. &. R. 1921, of which only the $ is known ; the $ of the new species differs in the upper lobe of VII. st. being much broader and rounded.
(J. The Vlll.t. strongly rounded, bearing 6 or 7 dorso-marginal bristles, of which the 2 or 3 distal ones are long, and in addition C long lateral bristles, of which one is ventral. VIII. st. long and narrow, about one-eighth shorter than first hindtarsal segment, convex beneath, nearly straight above, pointed, ven- trally with a pair of short bristles each in middle and at apical fourth, and a longer pair before apex. Bay above manubrium of clasper (text-fig. 63) evenly rounded, parabolical, not semicircular ; manubrium (M) measured on upperside
from deepest point of bay as long as clasper measured from the same point to the posterior margin above the acetabular bristles. Dorsal margin of clasper (Cl) incurved, this bay flatter than a semicircle ; process P irregularly triangular, being somewhat convex on the posterior side ; upper acetabular bristle on a level with the lowest point of the anterior margin of the exopodite F. Angle of anterior margin of exopodite in middle of margin, the exopodite from this point upwards about twice as wide as in lower half ; opposite the angle of the anterior margin, at the beginning of the widened portion, a large spiniform, above this bristle the posterior margin about parallel with the anterior margin, slightly incurved, then strongly rounded and running obliquely upward- forward, forming with the anterior margin an acute apical angle, the tip of which is a httle bent frontad ; at the curve of the posterior margin 2 strong bristles about half the width of the large one below them, and farther upward a paler bristle, thinner and shorter. Apical portion of vertical arm of IX. st. but little dilated ; ventral sclerite narrow to point of division at one-third, then ventrally sUghtly rounded-dilated, this antemedian portion bearing about 10 bristles, of which tlie 2 ventral distal ones are long, but pale ; the apical lobe of the ventral arm dorsally as long as the rest of the sclerite, convex above, broadest about middle, at apex more rounded ventrally than dorsally.
$. VII. St. (text-fig. 64) divided by a narrow triangular sinus into two rounded lobes, of which the lower one is much the broader. Head of spermatheca about half the length of the tail, somewhat abrupt at the juncture with the tail. Length : ^ 2-7 mm., $ 3-3 mm. ; hindferaur : S 0-43 mm., $ 0-53 mm. Ecuador : Quebrada of Pichan, west side of Pichincha, on Sigmodon sp., 4.ii.l932, 1 (J, type ; Paramo de Guamani, on road to Baiza, Region Oriental, on Oryzomys sp., 27 . vii . 1 931 , 1 $.
Fig. 64. — Ceratophyllus equatoris VII. St. and spermatheca.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
345
3. Plocopsylla heros sp. nov. (text-figs. 65, 66).
(J$. Near Ploc. achilles Roths. 1911 ; genal comb with 4 spines only, the upper spine of Ploc. achilles being absent in the new species ; the hindcoxa nar- rower, the stylet longer, and the spermatheca and the Q-organs different. Dis- tinguished from Ploc. phobos Jord. 1931, which also has 4 genal spines, by the genal and pronotal combs as well as the stylet and the pair of antepygidial bristles being much longer, the head of the spermatheca shorter and the (^- genitalia different.
(J9. Genal spines three to four times as long as broad. Pronotal comb with
IX.st.
Fig. 65. — Plocopsylla heros, ^J-genitalia. „ 66. — ,, ,, spermatheca.
14 spines, in one $ with 16 ; the dorsal spines one-sixth shorter than their distance from the dorsal anterior corner of pronotum. Bristles on abdominal tergites : in (J III 7 or 8, 12 to 15, IV 7 to 10, 14, V 6 to 12, 14, VI 3 to 6, 14, VII 2 to 4, 13 or 14 ; in ? Ill 13 to 16, 17 or 18, IV 13 to 15, 14 to 16, V 7 to 11, 13 or 14, VI 6 to 11, 11 or 12, VII 9 to 16, 8 to 11. On sternites : in ^ III 5 or 6, IV 5 or 6, V 0 or I, 5 or 6, VI 0 to 2, 5 ; in ? Ill 4 to 8, 6, IV 2 to 10, 6, V 5 to 7, 6, VI 6 to 11, 6. Some of the dorsal bristles of the anterior tergites of (^ long. One antepygidial bristle in rj, not longer than the anterior bristles of VII. t., but thicker than the ventral bristle of tlie posterior row of that segment. On forecoxa more than 30 bristles in addition to tiie short basal ones.
(J. VIII. t. (text-fig. 65) long, triangular, tapering. VIII. st. on each side
346 NOTITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
with two lobes, the upper triangular, the lower very slender, almost linear. Inner portion of IX. t. and manubrium of clasper longer than in Ploc. achilles, the angle formed by them acute. P of clasper longer and narrower than in Ploc. achilles, with a marginal row of 12 or 13 long bristle.s. of which the fourth or fifth to seventh or eighth are a httle shorter than tlie others ; distally at ventral margin 3 or 4 small bristles and on the side 4 to 7 shortish slender ones. Process Pr narrow, at apex dilated and ribbed, recalling by its shape (lateral aspect) a wading boot. Exopodite F ventrally about one-half longer than apically broad, distally tapering upwards, the posterior margin somewhat convex, ventral angle rounded, near this angle a heavy spiniform, which is different in shape from the correspond- ing spiniform of the other species of Plocopsylla, its short narrow basal portion being vertical, whereas the rest of the spiniform is more or less at a right angle to the basal portion, and broad, dorsally and ventrally convex, narrowing to a point, the tip being curved down. Ventral arm of IX. st. with long proximal heel, in middle of ventral margin a broad shallow bay and beyond it a long pointed spiniform which is directed distad and lies along the segment ; a short distance beyond this spiniform a short, cylindrical, obtuse, elbowed and twisted spiniform, its apex directed distad, the segment somewhat narrowed from the long spiniform to apex, this portion bearing 2 small hairs, one apical, the other a httle more proximal.
$. Two antepygidial bristles each side, stout, twice as long as hindtarsal segment IV. Stylet longer than in Ploc. achilles, as long as hmdtarsal segment III. On each side of VIII. t. from 18 to 25 bristles. Body of spermatheca (text- fig. 66) almost bean-shaped, dorsally evenly rounded, \\idest in or behind middle, not near tail as in Ploc. achilles.
Ecuador : Bermeji, on way to Baiza, Region Oriental, off Blarina thomasi ; Quebrada of Pichan, west side of Pichincha, 2,950 m., 19. iv. 1932, on Blarina thomasi and Bl. equatoris; Pichincha, on Bl. eqiuiloris, 28. ix. 1931 ; Chimborazo, iv.l931, on Sigmodon; 5 ^JJ, 5 $$.
4. Sphinctopsylla spillmanni sp. nov. (text-fig. 67).
1^. Considerably different from the other known species oi Sphinctopsylla quite apart from the genitalia : segment I of maxillary palpus shorter, proboscis longer, none of the spines of the pronotal comb di'awn out into a fine point, apex of hindtibia with but 4 stout bristles instead of a complete comb of 7 or 8, and forecoxa with a smaller number of bristles. These distinctions will probably also hold good in the as yet unknown $.
1^. Helmet narrow, widest at spines 6 and 7, here one-fourth wider than these spines are long ; 13 spines each side. The anterior long bristle on tlie genal area nearer to the ventral margin than is the posterior one. Five genal spines ; in between the upper two the genal process, which is pale and narrow and reaches beyond the apex of tiie spines. On each side of occiput a subapical row of 8 bristles and between this row and base of occiput altogether about 18 bristles (inclusive of basal ones), 5 on side being long, the others snuill and very small. None of the bristles of antennal segment II reach beyond middle of club. Labial palpus extending well beyond maxillary palpus.
Pronotum short, with two rows of 10 bristles each on the two sides together ; comb \\ith 18 spines, the dorsal ones as long as the pronotum. Bristles on meso- notum 10, 10, on me.sopleura 7, on metanotum 3, 10, 10, on metepimerum 3, 3.
N■oV^TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
347
Number of apical spines on abdominal tergites (the two sides together) : 4, 0, 4, 4, 4, 2 ; bristles on I 9, 10, II 8, 15, III 9, 15, IV 6, 15, V 3, 13, VI 5, 12, VII 5, 10 ; bristles on sternites : II 2, III 6, IV 5, V 4, VI 4, VII 8, the bristles on VII almost spiniform, 4 in a close-set row on each side.
Forecoxa with 22 long bristles and a small number of marginal and basal short ones. On outside of liindfemur a row of 3 bri.stles in posterior third and at iipj)er margin 12 short ones. In the notches of hindtibia from base around apex
-VII. St.
Fig. 67. — Spfiinctupsylla spillnuinni, {^-genitalia.
to anterior apical corner 13 bristles, which are much less stout than in the allied species, there being in dorsal notches I, II, and III 1 long and 1 short bristle, in IV, V, and VI 2 short and 1 long ; on the outer surface 14 lateral bristles on the one tibia and Iti on the other (inclusive of 2 apical bristles).
Modified Segments. — VIII. t. large, with the posterior and ventral margins rounded ; below stigma 1 bristle. Basal portion of VIII. st. vertical, naii'ow, sublinear, curved distad. the frontal side being convex, upper third triangular, the lower portion of this triangle drawn out ventrad-distad on the posterior side into a long narrow process which distally widens into a leaf-like ellipse with the
23
348 NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
apex pointed, at base of this ellipse a small bristle. Manubrium M of clasper a little over half as broad as dorsally long ; angle between manubriinn and IX. t. obtuse, rounded. Clasper (Cl) longer than broad, broadest in middle, dorsal margin enlarged medianly into a triangular up\\ard projection and at apex into a broad, transparent lobe ; ventral margin nearly straight, slightly concave ; at and near dorsal margin 5 or 6 bristles, on inner surface a subcyUndrical, strongly chitinized projection (Pr) which is longer tlian broad and serves as a catch for the end of the exopodite, the projection longer than in the allied species. Exopodite F sublinear, about 5 times as long as broad, basally curved almost in a semi- circle from base downwards and then upwards-frontad, at apical foiu-th (about) of hindmargin a long bristle, gently curved downwards, from this point to apex the sclerite narrowed, witli the tip rounded off, the exopodite recalling an antelope with an exaggeratedly long neck ; from tlie long bristle to the most ventral point of the hindmargin 14 or 15 thin bristles, about half of them shorter and tlie others longer than the exopodite is broad ; above the long bristle a short lateral one, at the anterior margin 5 thin bristles, and on the inner surface about 10 to 12 very small ones. Vertical arm of IX.st. apically slightly bent posticad, the posterior margm of the vertical arm and the upper margin of the ventral one forming an even semicircle ; ventral arm tapering, the point of bifurcation proximal to middle, the apical process quite narrow, distally linear, with a small apical bristle and a minute ventral subapioal one.
Length : 2-7 mm. (extended), hindfemur : 0-33 mm.
Ecuador: Pichincha, off Caenolestes fuHginosns, 27 IX. 1931, 1 ^J.
I have much pleasure in associating the name of the discoverer with this remarkable species.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
349
TWO NEW SPECIES OF CTENOPHTHALMUS FROM TROPICAL AFRICA (SIPHONAPTERA).
By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
(With 4 text-figures.)
AMONG a small number of fleas collected in Kenya and Uganda and submitted to me for examination and description by Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins, of the Department of Agriculture, Kampala, Uganda, there are some specimens of Ctenophfhalmus which are different from all our examples of that genus and, according to the male genitalia, represent two new species. I am much indebted to Mr. Hopkins for this addition to our knowledge of the African flea-fauna. Types at Tring ; some paratypes returned to Mr. Hopkins.
1. Ctenophthalnius modicus sp. nov. (te.xt-figs. 68, 70).
(^$. Nearest to Ct. evidens Jord. 1929, described from Congo Beige ; differs in the tail-ends.
^. On each side of VIII. st. 6 to 10 bristles, of which the 3 posterior ones are the longest. Clasper (CI, text-fig. 68) dorsally about as long as the distance of the dorsal margin from the long subventral acetabular bristle (acb) ; apex of clasper incurved instead of being rounded as in Ct. evidens, two sliort pro- jections being formed ; at the dorsal margin of the upper lobe (P') and on its side a sUghtly variable number of bristles, of which 3 lateral ones are long. Exopodite F as in Ct. evidens, but shorter, its apical portion from the transverse ridge (against which plays the tip of P^ of clasper) to the apical margin only half as long as it is broad ; below the posterior apical angle 3 or 4 long bristles ; along the dorso-apical margin the usual pale spiniforms, 7 to 9 in this species. Manubrium of clasper some- what shorter and basally broader tlian in Ct. evidens. IX. st. with the ventral arm long, as in Ct. evidens, but less curved upwards.
$. The specimens of this sex whicli I place with the above males may possibly not be the true females of Ct. modicus. They resemble that sex of Ct. atomus J. & R. 1913, from Angola, but are distinguished by the apical lateral margin
C teimphthahnus viodicus, (J-genitalia.
350
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
genitalia.
of VII. St. being medianly more strongly produced and ventrally more slanting (text-fig. 70) ; at the apical margin of VIII. t. a long bristle and above this a short one (some- times 2) ; above the stigma of VIII. t, from 0 to 2 bristles each side. The body of the spermatheca about as long as its tail.
Kenya : Nakuru, off Lophuro7nys sp. and L. aquila, x.1928, t3rpe, and off Raltua rattus ; Kisii, off Rattus rattus and Otomys angoniensis ; S^JcJ, 4??.
2. Ctenophthalmus bacopus .sp. nov.
(text-figs. Uy, 71).
cJ$. Near Ct. cabirus J. & R. 1913 and Ct. ansorgei Roths. 1907, the former a common species in
East Africa and the latter only known from Angola. «/\
(J. On each side
of Vlll.st. from 10 '
to 16 bristles, of "~ which the 5 pos- terior ones (or 6) are longest and form an oblique row. Clas- per (CI, text-fig. 69) divided by a small sinus into two pro- cesses as in the allied species, but the up- per process P', which bears 3 long bristles, narrower than the 1 o w e r o n e , not broader as in the case of Ct. cabirus and Ct. ansorgei ; acetabular bristle (acb) inserted on a level with the upper margin of the aceta- bulum, whereas in
Fia. 70. — Ctenophthalmus niodicus, $. ,, 71. — „ bacopus, $.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 351
the allied species mentioned the bristle is placed much farttier down. Exopodite F nearly as in Ct. ansorgei, longer and its apical half more triangular than in both Ct. ansorgei and Ct. cabirus ; along the upper margin 13 or 14 short pale spiniforms ; posterior margin gently incurved from near apex and ventrally gradually becoming convex ; below apex .5 or 6 slender bristles, of which the 2 upper ones are longest, being a little over half as long as their distance from process P^ of clasper. IX. st. as in Ct. ansorgei, but sUghtly broader at apex.
9. To these males probably belong the females which differ from the allied species as follows : Apex of Vll.st. of abdomen (text-fig. 71) divided by a broad and shallow sinus into a broad upper lobe and a much smaller subventral one, the long bristles of the segment being much farther away from the bottom of the sinus than in Ct. cabirus and Ct. amorgei. At the apical margin of VIII. t. two bristles, one long and one short as in the preceding new species, whereas in Ct. cabirus and Ct. ansorgei both bristles are longish, slender, and equal in size. Above stigma of VIII. t. no bristles. Body of sperraatheca much longer than its tail. Uganda: Lira, ix.l932, ^, type, also viii.1932 (R. E. Barrett), 3 ^^,
host not mentioned. Kenya : Kisii and Nakuru, off Otoniys angoniensis and
Lojihuromys aqiiila, 6 $$.
There is the possibility that the females placed above under Ct. modicus really belong to Ct. bacopus, and that the true female of Ct. modicus has the VII. St. similar to that of Ct. evidens Jord. (Nov. ZooL. xxxv, 1929, p. 167, text-fig. 3).
352 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. HISH.
FLEAS COLLECTED BY DR. MAX BARTEL.S IN JAVA. By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
(With 7 text-figures.)
T^HE collection of fleas sent by Dr. Max Bartels consists of 30 specimens belonging to 10 species, of which no less than 3 are new, one of them repre- senting a new genus allied to Cfenophyllus, which occurs in Eastern Siberia and North America. The collection, moreover, contains a male oi Paraceras javanicus, of which species we had only the female, the single known male being at Washing- ton. The small series of Ceratophylhis calceatus is likewise most welcome, as but 6 specimens of this species are known. The pair of StivaUu-^ Idus.si obtained by Dr. Bartels renders it certain that St. synetus is the female of .S7. Mossi, and the discovery of a Palaeopsylla extends the range of that genus very considerably. The collection, therefore, is of particular interest, and we thank Dr. Max Bartels sincerely for this contribution to oiu- knowledge of the fauna of Java.
The specimens were collected at Tijboeni, Bandong. West Java, by Dr. Max Bartels with the exception of No. 1, which he received from Mr. E. Bartels.
1. Ctenocephalides felis felis Bouche 1835.
On Paradoxuruji hermaphrodytus javanicus, 30. vi. 1931, 1 5, an accidental occurrence.
2. Ceratophyllus calceatus Roths. U)o.5.
On Rail lis bukit lemmincki, 5.x. 1932, 2 cjc? I Callosciurus nigrovitlatus
nigrovittalus, 9.x. 1932, 1 q, 1 $ ; Rattus leplnrus Upturns, 12.x. 1932, 1 $.
The specimens from the Malay I'eninsula, Sumatra, and Java do not seem to differ.
Cratynius gen. nov.
$. Near Ctenophylhis Wagner 1927 (in Konowia, vi, p. 108), but differs from all genera more or less nearly related to Ceratophylhis Curtis 1832 in the mesoster- nite being divided into three sclerites instead of two in consec|uence of the strong development of the internal ridge representing the suture between the sternum (St) and episternum (Est) ; cf. text-fig. 72.
Frons and occiput with three rows of bristles, the 4 lower bristles of the anterior row of frons spiniform. sharply pointed ; eye small, above it the internal curved genal rod present in all Ceratophyllids in which the upper eye-bristle is placed near the antennal groove. Bristles of antennal segment II short.
Pronotal comb with more than 20 spines, which are narrow and longer than the pronotuni. Surface ridges of thoracic and abdominal tergites and legs some- what coar.se, with minute teeth here and there, apical margins of abdominal tergites I to VII minutely denticulate. Basal abdominal sternite with subbasal lateral bristles. Tibiae with 3 long dorsal bristles (subbasal, median, and apical), the other bristles short (text-fig. 73). Tail of spermatheca very long (text- fig. 74) ; duct of spermatheca Ukewise long, the blind duct on the contrary a mere remnant (D,o.). Genotype : sp. nov. here described.
NOVITATES ZOOLOC.ICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
353
3. Cratynius bartelsi .sp. nov. (text-figs. 72, 73, 74).
$. Frontal tutjercle external, sharp, ventrally almost liorizontal, dorsally very little raised above the surface of the head. Three rows of bristles on frons : 6, 2, 2 ; the three rows on occiput contain (each side) 5, 5, 7 bristles. Eye longer than broad, sinuate, convex and dark below sinus. Segment I of maxillary palpus longer than II, proportions of the four segments : 11, 9, 6, 10-5. Pro- boscis reaching beyond two-thirds of forecoxa.
Pronotal comb with 23 spines, the lateral spines one-third longer than the pronotum ; a row of 10 bristles. On mesonotum a posterior row of 10 (on the
Est )
Fig. 72. — Cratynius bartelsi, mesothorax. „ 73. — ,, ,, , hindtibia.
two sides together), between this row and basal margin (inclusive of small basal bristles) 40 odd ; on mesopleurae 10 or 11 each side of body. On metanotum a posterior row of 8 and between the row and base 19, at apical margin 2 short spines ; on metepimerum 6 or 7 bristles : 3, 3, 1, and 2, 3, 1.
Apical spines on abdominal tergites : 3, 2, 2 ; bristles : on III, 9, 12, IV 10, 12, V 5, 10, VI 4, 10, VII 0, 10 ; on sternites : III 0, 8, IV 3, 8, V 2, 8, VI 2, 8. Three antepygidial bristles, dorsal one less than half the length of the others.
Hindcoxa one-third longer than broad, without bristles on inner surface. Forefemm-, on outside, with about 6 lateral and subdorsal bristles, and close to apex a vertical row of 4 or 5, this row also present on mid- and hindfemora, all femora on outside with a minute lateral bristle in anterior half, and on inside a single bristle, which is subapical and ventral ; outer apical dorsal bristle of femora
354
NovaTATES ZooLOGiCAE XXX\aiI. 1933.
short, especially stumpy on hindfemur. On dorsal margin of tibiae 3 pairs of strong bristles, the outer ones short ; on hindtibia between first and second pair two shorter and less strong dorsal bristles, and between second and apical pairs 2 smallish bristles, a stronger one and a subapical moderately strong pair ; 15 lateral bristles on hindtibia in two irregular rows (text-fig. 73). Proportions of tarsal segments : in midtarsus 23, 16, 12, 8, 16, hindtarsus 42, 25, 15, 9, 17. In all tarsi segment V with five pairs of lateral ventral bristles.
Modified Segments. — Sternite VII (text-fig. 74) with a deep, narrow sinus, around which the ciiitin is somewhat thickened ; the lobe above the sinus rounded, much narrower than the lower lobe ; the apical margin of the latter
Fig. 74. — Cratynius bartehi, posterior segments and genital organs.
slanting in upper half and irregularly and very moderately rounded in lower half ; on the two sides together 3, 10 bristles. On Vlll.t. 4 minute .subapical hairs above the stigma, which is long, extending nearly to the dorsal middle line ; below stigma 1 long bristle and a minute hair, and on the widened lower area 7 or 8 bristles, of which 2 are long and 2 or 3 small ; on inside 2. Stylet almost exactly three times as long as broad. Spermatlieca with short round head which almost gradually merges into the long tail, head and apex of tail strongly striated, the whole organ nearly as long as hindtarsal segment II.
Length : 2-6 mm. ; hindfemur : 0-43 mm.
On Hylomys suiUvs suillus, 8.x. 1932, 1 $.
-As com-
4. Paraceras javanicus Ewng 1924 (text-fig. 75).
On Parndoxurus hermaphrodyius javanicus, 18.xii.1932, 1 ^.
pared with P. pendlelmryi, from Borneo, described in Nov. Zool. xxxviii, p. 267,
no. 2, text-figs. 23, 24 (1932), the process P of the clasper (text-fig. 75) is much
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII.
1933.
355
shorter and broader and tlie dor.so-apical flap of F longer, and the row of bristles on the inner surface of F is placed much nearer the posterior margin, the dorsal margin of F i.s less convex and the posterior margin concave, not convex.
5. Stivalius jacobsoni J. & R. 1922.
On Petaiirwta elegans, 18.ix.l932, 1 $ ; Rattn.s bartehi, 24.viii.1932,
1 $. Only a few specimens are
known, from Sumatra and Java.
6. Stivalius cognatus J. & R. 1922. On Eatlus bukit lemmincki, 10. ix
and 5.x. 1932, 3 ?$ ; RatUi.s leptiini.s Upturns, 12.x. 1932, 1 cJ, 2 ?9 ; Rattits concolor ejihijipium, 18.ix.l932, 1 ^,
2 $$ ; Ratufa bkolor bicolor, 1 $.
The commonest of the Javan Stivalius.
7. Stivalius klossi J.
On Raft us maxi, 21 Ratufa bicolor bicolor, 1
& R. 1922.
viii.1932, 1 ^^ ;
$. We described a
-Paraceras javanicus, clasper and exopodite.
Sumatran $ as St. synetus in Ectoparasites, i, p. 229 (1922). The present $ differs in the lower angle of the upper lobe of VII. st. being produced as a short sharp projection. It is, however, very unlikely that this distinction will hold good when more $$ are at hand. I no longer hesitate to place St. syiietus as a synonym of St. klossi.
sp.
s. stivalius javanus nov. (text-figs. 70, 77).
cJ?. Nearest to St. rhaebus Jordan 1926, from Borneo, and probably re- presenting that species on Java. Both these insects belong to Group B (cf. Ecto- parasites, i, p. 256 (1922)), in which there are only two heavy bristles in the dorsal notches of the tibiae. In the i$ of the new species the exopodite F is narrower
VIII. St
Fig. 76. — Stivalius javanus, ,^ -genitalia.
356
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1033.
and less curved than in St. rhaebus, the apex of the vertical arm of IX.st. is much less dilated, the semicircular portion of the segment longer, and VIII. st. bears fewer lateral Ijristles : in the ? the spermatheca is strongly humped.
J. On each side of Vlll.st. 14 or 15 lateral and dorso-marginal bristles, and on the ventral median projection about 12, of which some are very small and 2 stout. Width of exopodite F (text-fig. 76) measured at margin of clasper above long thin ventral bristle of clasper a very little more than one-fifth the length of the exopodite measured from extreme base (4: 19) I proximally to apex a ventral row of 4 long bristles, the distance of the most distal bristle from the apex of F the same as from the most dorsal point of the dome which bears 3 short pale spiniforms. Apical dilated portion of vertical arm of IX.st. as broad as
Vlll.t.
Vll.st.
Fig. 77. — Stivalius javanus, $, VII. st. and VIII. t. „ 78. — Palaeopsylla Inxata, $, VII. st.
midtarsal segment II is long ; the apical portion of the ventral arm with similar spiniforms as in St. rhaebm, the apex of the segment acuminate, but very little recurved.
$. The two sickle-shaped incrassations of Vlll.t. (text-fig. 77) larger than in St. rhaebus, and centrally more intimately fused together. The hump of the spermatheca very prominent in all 3 specimens, though individually variable.
Length : ^ 3-0 mm., $ 5-0-5-6 mm. ; hindfemur : ^ 0-48 mm., $ 0-67- 0-75 mm.
On Tupaia javanica ocddentalis, 18.ix.l932. 1 ^, type; Rattus bukit tem- minck-i, 5. and 30.x. 1932, 2 $$ ; Callosciurus nigroviltatus nigrovittatits, ll.viii.
1932, 1 ?.
9. Neopsylla kopsteini .Jordan 1931.
On Rattus lepturii.'< teplurus, 12.x. 1932, 1 S, 1 ?.— Discovered on this rat
by Dr. F. Kopstein, and described in Nov. Zool. xxxvii, p. 145, no. 3, text-figs,
3,4, 5 (1931).
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 357
10. Palaeopsylla laxata .sp. nov. (text-fig. 78).
$. Very close to P. incurva Jord. 1932 (1 $, N.E. Burma, on " Sorex "), with the same peculiar pronotal comb. Differs only in the tail-end. The upper lobe of Vll.st. (text-fig. 78) almost effaced, projecting much less than the ventral lobe, and the sinus very large, l)ut no deeper tlian in P. incurva ; in one specimen 25 bristles, in the other 35. On VIII. t. a subventral vertical row of 3 bristles, the lowest very small, in P. incurva all 3 bristles moderately long and strong ; at apex of VIII. st. 4 or 5 bristles instead of 3.
On Crocidura brevicauda, 22.viii.1932 and 10. i. 1933, 2 $$.
ggg NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
TWO NEW SOUTH AMERICAN BIRD-FLEAS. By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
(With 3 text-figures.)
THE two species here described were collected by Mr. W. P. Reynolds on the Estancia Viamonte, Tierra del Fuego, and communicated to me by Dr. F. W. Edwards (Brit. Mus., Nat. Hist.). They belong to that group of Cerato- phylli which are more or less closely related to the European CeratophyUus gallinuhie Dale 1878, and constitute Baker's genus DasypsyUus, which I here adopt, following Dr. Julius Wagner.
1. Dasypsyllus coniatus sp. nov. (text-figs. 79, 80). (J?. A deeply coloured species allied to D. araumnus J. & R. 1920 from
Chile.
Frons with two and occiput with three rows of bristles. Eye large. Pro- boscis reaching to two-thirds ( o ) or three-fourths (?) of forecoxa. On pronotum a posterior row of 14-16 bristles and anotlier row of 6 or 7 smaller ones ; in comb 36 (S) or 33 ($) spines. Mesonotum densely liairy from postmedian row of long bristles to base ; on mesopleurae about 20 bristles, of which 13 or 14 are small. On metanotum numerous small bristles from the row of long ones to basal third, the setiferous area gradually narrowing down the side ; on metepi- sternum 4 to 6 bristles ; on metepimerum 9 to 12.
Basal margin of abdommal tergites somewhat mcurved subdorsally in ^, on I and II three rows of bristles, on III to VII two, and on all segments additional dorsal bristles ; number of apical spines : in (^ 4, 6, 4, 4, in $ 4, 8, 6, 4, 1 ; number of bristles : in S on II about 45, 20, III 30, 20, VI 17, 19, VII 16. 19, in ? on II about 50, 20, III 34, 20, VI 22, 19, VII 17, 16. Bristles of sternites : m <J on III 8, IV 9, V 9, VI 10, VII 8, in ? on III 4, 12, IV 3, 12, V 3, 12, VI 2, 11. One long antepygidial bristle and two minute ones in J ; in 5 upper and lower longish, but less than half the middle one in length.
On apical half of inner surface of hindcoxa 16 to 20 odd small bristles. On outer surface of hindfemur in cJ 18, in $ 23 lateral and subventral bristles, on imier side a row of 8 and 10 respectively. Hindtibia with 7 dorsal notches and an additional short stout dorsal bristle between pairs V and VI ; on outer side 15 ((J) or 18 (?) dorso-lateral bristles; longest apical bristle of hindtarsal I reachmg to apex of II in <;J, shorter m $ ; on sole of V minute hairs to near base.
Modified Segments.— S- Vlll.t. with about 12 marginal and lateral bristles in upper half and a patch of 1 8 bristles on lower half at and near ventral margin ; VIII. St. narrow (text-fig. 79), base produced upwards into an irregularly conical lobe which is about thrice as long as Vlll.st. is broad on the posterior side of this projection, distally Vlll.st. membranous, evidently divided up into a number of filaments, this portion concealed in tlie only (^ we have by the numerous ventral bristles of Vlll.t., a single ventral bristle beyond middle, Manubriuni
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
359
of clasper twice as long as broad, ventrally very strongly rounded, apex curved upwards. Process P of clasjier very broad, broader than dorsally long, apex slanting on posterior side, posterior angle very broadly rounded. Exopodite F large, nearly thrice as long as broad, basal third gradually widening, from one- third upwards the anterior and posterior margins about parallel, apical margin slanting upward-forward, the anterior apical angle acute, the posterior angle obtuse, notch of anterior margin at upper third ; at upper posterior angle a stout spiniform, gradually ch-awn out into a long point, this spiniform somewhat
Vlll.st.
longer than oblique apical margin, above middle another spiniform, about the same in length but much stouter from base to tip, below it, but nearer the margin, a thud, smaller, and at lower angle of posterior margin a fourth, the stoutest of all, somewhat elbowed. Apical portion of vertical arm of IX. st. irregularly elongate-elliptical, a little narrower than the middle of the vertical arm ; ventral arm with a stout spiniform ventral bristle before middle, more frontad a ventral, subrotundate lobe bearing several bristles, of which one is fairly strong ; trans- parent apical half of sternite dorsally strongly convex, with the usual row of thin bristles. Anal tergite (X.t.) triangular, with 3 lateral bristles, of which second and third are very strong ; anal sternite (X.st.) divided into two linear
360
NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII.
1933.
lobes, one each side of body, somewhat elbowed and bearing in apical half a row
of 10 long, slender, marginal bristles. $. On VII. st. 27 bristles (14, 13) ;
apical margin deeply incurved, the sinus narrow, the lobe above it obtuse, rounded, the one below it obliquelj' truncate, its upper (rounded) angle projecting more than its ventral angle. Above stigma of VIII. t. on each side about 12 small bristles, below stigma 5 or 6, of which 2 or 3 are long, on ventral area 14, and on inner side 2. Head of sperniatheca (R.s.) ovate, more tlian half as long
again as broad, tail measured in a straight line from lowest point a little shorter than head.
Length : ^ 3-2 mm., $ 3-4 mm. ; hindfemur : ^ 0-53 mm., $ 0-60 mm.
On Belanoplerus molina, 15.x. 1930, 1 ^J, type; Siptornis anihoides, 7.ix. 1930, 1 $.
2. Dasypsyllus aemulus sp. nov. (text-fig. si).
$. Likewise near J), araucanus, easily distinguished by the shape of VII. st. and the almost globular body and short tail of the sperniatheca.
On frons two rows of bristles (5. 3), on occiput tliree rows (3, 0, 8). Proboscis reaching a Uttle beyond two-thirds of forecoxa. Eye large, and bristles of antennal segment II very long, as in D. comatus. Pronotum with one row of bristles (14) and a comb of 42 spines. On mesonotum a row of 12 long bristles and two rows of very small ones, there being numerous small additional bristles dorsally and at base, on mesopleurae 18 bristles on one side of body, 23 on the
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
361
other, of which 5 or 6 are long. Metanotum with fewer small bristles than mesonotum ; on metepimerum 11 or 12.
Abdominal tergites I to IV with apical spines, 4, 7, 4, 4 ; three rows of bristles on I and II, and two rows on III to VII, with additional dorsal bristles, the number of bristles being (on the two sides together) on III 31, 16, IV 29, 15, VII 16, 11; on sternites III 6, IV 6, V 2, 10, VI 3, 9. Three antepygidial bristles, middle one very much thicker than the others and nearly tiirice as long. Legs nearly as in D. comafus ; hindfemur on outside with one row of bristles, 7 on one femur and 5 on the other, besides a subapical ventral bristle ; on inner sur- face of hindfemur 3 lateral bristles in anterior half; segment II of mid- and hindtarsus longer than in D. comatus, the proportions being in D. aemuhis : mid- tarsus 22, 26, 15, 8, 19, hindtarsus 45, 36, 21, 11, 21 ; in Z*. comatus $ : mid-
tarsus 25, 24, 16, 8, 20, hindtarsus 47, 33, 22, 12, 22.
Modified Segments. — Vll.st. (text-fig. 81) with a deep sinus as in the pre- vious species, but the upper lobe narrow, triangular, and the lower lobe very broad and rounded ; on the two sides together 11, 16 bristles. Above stigma of VIII .t. about half a dozen small bristles each side, below stigma 2 long and 2 minute ones, on widened portion of segment 9 or 10 bristles on outside, 3 apical and 3 lateral on inside. Stylet not quite thrice as long as broad (31 : 12). Body of spermatheca (R.s.) sub- globular, one-fourth longer than broad ; tail short, one-fourth the width of the head of spermatheca, with a rather long appendi.x.
Length : 3-6 mm., hindfemur 0-6 mm.
On Belanoplerus moliim, 15.x. 1931, 1 $.
Another $, off Siptornis anthoides, 7.ix.l931, is smaller than the type of D. aemulus, and has fewer bristles and a somewhat longer spermatheca, but agrees otiierwise so closely with D. aemulus that it probably belongs to the same species.
362 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
NEW OKIENTAL ANTHRIBIDAE (COLEOPTERA). By dr. KARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
1. Mecoti'opis arduus sp. nov.
(^. Close to M. annidipes Jord. 11)11, from Borneo; dark dots at suture more sharply defined, otherwise the colouring of the body the same. Proboscis longer. Segment II of antenna more gradually conical, being less strongly nar- rowed in basal two-thirds than is the case in M. annulipes. Groove in front of forecoxae not continued as in M. anjiulijjes across middle by a shallow curved depression. A long subapical spot on tibiae, this spot on mid- and hindtibiae about as long as the black apex, on foretibia shorter, tarsi black, a subapical spot on segment I of all tarsi, occupying on foretarsus about one-fourth of the length of the segment, on mid- and hindtarsi two-fifths, colour, of spot yellowish, segment IV the same coloiu- excejit its apex and the claw.
Length : 18 mm.
Malay Peninsula: Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 14. ix. 1929 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ^.
2. Mecotropis ordinatus sp. nov.
$. Like M. marmoreus Jord. 1895, from Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, but with definite white spots. Antennal segments IX to XI a little broader. Pubescence huffish grey, rather sparse, not concealing the black colour of the derm. A broad median stripe on head and rostrum more densely pubescent, an elliptical or ovate darker median spot posteriorly between the eyes, in one speci- men continued backwards. On pronotum at each side close to middle line two white spots, one before middle, the other at carina, sidewards from them and a httle more forward a dot, the second spot barely traceable in two of the three specimens. ScuteUum white. Adjoining it a smaU white sutural spot ; each elytrum with the following white spots : a dorsal row of 5, at nearly equal distances from one another, the fiist on basal mcrassate margin, the last two on apical declivous area smaller than the second and third, a sixth spot above shoulder, at margin 5 or 6, the first below shoulder long, the second small, the fifth and sixth submarginal, small.
Underside spotted with white. Tarsal segment I with a minute white spot, II with basal thu-d or two-fifths white.
Length ; 11 to 12 mm.
Malay Penmsula ; Selangor, Bukit Kutu, 3,500 ft., 14.ix.l92fl (H. M. Pendlebury), 3 ??.
3. Physopterus pulcher sp. nov.
cJ. In colouring recalling Ph. opulenhis Jord. 1913, but elytra not humped in front of apical declivity. Black-brown, with tawny markings, the tawny pubescence interspersed with white grass-blade hairs, which are especially con- spicuous on the black-brown interspaces.
Proboscis tawny above, as long as subapically wide, a median sulcus extend-
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. • 363
ing on to frons, but separated from apical margin by a median carina ; from upper margin of antennal groove backwards two diverging swellings ; ill-defined, not reaching eye ; below eye an oblique groove ; underside rugate-punctate. Antennal groove sulciform, ending with a rounded hole. Frons and occiput tawny, the latter with a black dorsal elongate spot each side of middle, the spots parallel. Antenna reaching to end of elytra, black, with white pubescence, which is concentrated at apices of segments, VIII enth-ely and IX at base white, X and XI without white pubescence.
On pronotum, from carina to apex, five pairs of tawny spots, second pair j)artly confluent with anterior spot of middle pair, the spots occupymg about as much room as the black-brown interspaces ; behind carina a spot near lateral angle and three spots in middle area, tawny. ScuteUum white.
Elytra somewhat flattened dorsally to behind middle, evenly convex in posterior half, suture and alternate interspaces spotted with tawny, most of the spots longer than broad, about six or seven in an interspace. Pygidium evenly rounded, one-si.xth broader than long, with brown basal median spot, and another each side halfway to apex.
Underside with tawny, confluent, somewhat diffuse sj^ots at side, middle sparsely pubescent grey ; metasternum with a minute tuft each side of middle line near apex ; abdominal segment I with a round median tubercle some distance from apex. Pubescence on femora, except apices, and on tarsi grey-white, on apices of femora and on tibiae tawny.
Length : 9 mm.
Malay Peninsula: Larut Hills, Perak, 3,700 to 4,000 ft., Il.xi.l932 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 (J.
4. Physopterus biplagiatus ovatus subsp. nov.
$. Black patch of elytrum reaching from lateral margin to line III of punc- tures, transversely longer tlian longitudinally (ratio 4 : 3), its longitudinal diameter shorter than in Ph. bipl. hiplatjiatus Jord. 1897.
Java, 1 $.
Atoporhis gen. nov.
(J9. Near Altvpedus Jord. 1894. but rostrum with several carinae and seg- ment VIII of antenna little .longer than broad.
Rostrum spathulate, porrect, with large apical triangular median flattened area reaching halfway to base, a high median carina from this triangle to base and on to frons, but not extending to occiput, this carina convex in lateral aspect, it is flanked by a deep sulcus, upon which follows a heavy carina running from eye straight to depressed triangle and then turning obliquely to apical lateral angle, the carina flanking the triangle and becoming flat at apex ; at the side of it from eye to above antennal groove a broad sulcus bounded laterally by a sub- cariform swelling ; below this a narrow curved groove ; on underside, buccal sinus long and narrow, continued by a short shallow sulcus which ends with a rounded groove situated below the inner end of the antennal groove, but a little nearer to head. Antennal groove larger than in Altipectus. Antenna similar, but VIII quite short. Genotype : A . plastus sp. nov.
24
3Q4 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
5. Atoporhis plastus sp. nov.
(J. Brown-black, the derm of upperside and flanks cf underside for the greater part rufous ; pubescence dense, greyish cinnamomeous on head, prono- tum, elytra, and sides of pygidium, whitish grey on proboscis, underside, and legs. Rostrum one-twelfth longer than broad. Eye elliptical. Frons as broad as segment I of antenna { ^). Antenna brownish black, reaching a little beyond base of pronotum, flattened (in o) from segment III, III as long as I + II, length of III 29, IV 20, V 18, VI 15, VII 16, VIII S, IX 31, X 15, XI 25 ; club linear, width 9.
Pronotum conical, less than one-third broader than long (9 : 7), with two straight brown-black stripes (extending to eyes), somewhat narrower than their interspace, and nearer to middle tlian to sides ; carina as in Allipeclii.s well separated from base, concave in median tliird, then somewhat convex, and finally flexed forward in a wide curve to middle of side, no angle being formed. Longi- tudinal and transverse carinulae distinct, the former dnected towards the lateral carina, but not reaching it. Scutellum triangular, greyish.
Elytra widest at shoulders, broader than pronotum, gradually narrowed, dorsaUy flattened, punctate-striate, first two interspaces flat, the others slightly convex, a black-brown spot on subltasal swelling, elliptical, with a dot in front of it and anotlier obliquely behind it in fifth stripe, a second spot before middle, narrower, longer than broad, occupying mterspace IV and half III and V, a third, smaller, spot outside it but joined to it m interspace VI, a large spot, the largest of all, in apical third from interspace III to VII, triangular, rounded laterally (following seventh stripe of punctures), dentate anteriorly, its distance from apex of elytrum greater than from suture, at lateral margin two small spots between middle and shoulder. Pygidium flat, one-tenth broader than long, rounded at apex, almost subtruncate.
Abdominal .segment I {,£) with a cordiform median impression covered with a siiort brown-blaek erect pile. Apex of tibiae and of tarsal segment I and segments II to IV brown-black, I of foretarsus one-ninth longer than II to IV together.
Length 10-7 mm., width 5 mm.
North Borneo: Kudat, 14. ix. 1927 (C. Boden Kloss & H. M. Pendle- bury), 1 ^.
6. Atoporhis asemus sp. nov.
$. Like the preceding, but pronotum and elytra with a pale drab pubescence which does not conceal the rufescent bro«n coloiu' of the derm, and forms three stripes on the pronotiun and a number of spots on the elytra ; proboscis, frons and underside whitish grey, this colour extending on to the sides of the pronotum to the lateral stripe. Shaft of antenna not compressed ($), segment III shorter than in the preceding species and IX longer (proportions 25 : .'55). The two brown vittae of pronotum broader than tiie pale drab vittae, the middle vitta broader than the lateral ones. Elytra a httle more deeply striate than in A. plastus, the mterstices slightly more convex ; the pale drab spots diffuse and irregular (pi'obably variable) ; a large spot in depression behind subbasal swell- ing, a narrow transverse postmedian band composed of dots, a similar band on apical declivity, two limbal dots between middle and shoulder, and some small spots from scutellum to near shoulder. Pygidium rufescent brown, flat, some-
NOVITATES ZOOLOOICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 365
what concave, nearly as long as basally broad, truncate, with the angles strongly rounded, apex about half as broad as base, sides almost straight, except at base. Foretarsal segment I nearly one-fifth longer than II to IV together, i.e. longer than in the previous species.
Borneo : Kuching, Sarawak, ix.I903, 1 $ (from the Sarawak Museum).
7. Acorynus alboguttatus nigrans subsp. nov.
(J. The three stripes of pronotum pale cinnamon from carina forward, much broader than the black interspaces, behind carina they are whitish grey and narrower than the interspaces. Elytra pale cinnamon, black spots smaller than in the other known subspecies of ^1. alboguttatus, white spots absent. On under- side the white spots as large and as sharply defined as in A. a. alboguttatus Jord. 1894.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, vii.1927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 (^.
8. Acorynus griseoniger sp. nov.
$. Similar to A. melampus Jord. 1903, but the median carina of the rostrum much lower and carina III much more sharply defined, the grey pubescence diffuse, the elytra much more coarsely punctate-striate, etc.
Black, upperside with sparse grey pubescence. Rostrum coarsely punctate, practically as long as broad (ratio IS : 19), median carina broadest at base, here flattened, farther forward lower, but more sharply defined, continued to near apical margin by a flattened swelling which is rendered u-regular by the intrusion of large punctures, carina II somewhat higher and better defined, a little shorter than I, carina III lower, but well defined and very distinctly separated from edge of antennal groove. Frons as broad a.s segment II of antenna is long, with thin raised median Hne. Segments IX to XI of antenna not quite so long as III to VI together, X not quite twice as long as broad (7 : 4).
Pronotum coarsely punctate, somewhat uneven, in front of scuteUum a rather large, conspicuous, square, yellowish grey spot in front of which is a small triangle of the same colour, behind apical margin an elongate grey median spot, at sides a subdorsal grey vitta indicated by a subapical rounded spot, before carina by a diffuse spot continued laterad along carina, and behind carina by another diffuse spot ; lateral carina extending to meral suture.
Scutellum grey. Elytra coarsely punctate-striate, the interspaces much narrowed by the large seriate punctm-es, especially at side, in the stripes a grey inconspicuous pubescence ; a large median patch extending from suture obliquely backwards to outer margin, widest dorsally, and the greater portion of the declivous apical area almost devoid of grey lines and dots, therefore appearing black. Pygidium nearly one-third broader than long, rounded.
Underside grey, on sides of sterna with diffuse spaces bare of grey pubes- cence. Femora grey, black in middle and at apex, tibiae and tarsi brownish black, an antemedian ring on tibiae and an apical spot on tarsal segment I grey ; this segment shorter than II to IV together.
Length 5-7 mm., width 2-7 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, viii.1927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 $.
366 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
9. Acorynus gracilentus sp. nov.
(J. In colouring recalling A. cludus Jord. 1895, but pronotum strongly punc- tate and transversely rugate.
Black-brown. Rostrum one-third broader than long, very coarsely punctate- rugate, with a large median depression ; this groove somewhat rounded on apical side ; tliree dorsal carinae, I broadest, flattened, widened at one-third of rostrum and here sending out a short spur each side, the carina ending in the depression at two-thirds, carina II slightly curved, shorter than I, distally broken up by large punctures, III somewhat longer, separate from edge of antennal groove. Frons as broad as antennal segment II, with a thin raised median line as con- tinuation of carina I of rostrum. Occiput coarsely punctate. Antenna rufescent at base, segments IX to XI as long as III to VI, taken together.
Pronotum coarsely punctate, transversely rugate ; a complete buff median stripe and a vestigial grey dorso-lateral one more distinct behind carina at angle ; carina flexed forward-downward at sides to meral suture.
Scutellum grey. Elytra coarsely punctate-striate ; a sutural patch from base to near antemedian depression, a narrow elongate sutural spot behind it, and a short line each in stripes II and III luteous ; a postmedian oblong spot from middle of interspace II to VI, a little wider than long, two small spots at beginning of apical declivity, three short lines in front of them, a sublateral spot behind shoulder, a lateral and a sublateral dot before middle, a lateral dot in posterior half, and a small diffuse patch each at the sutural and outer angles of apex, more or less buffish grey. Pygidium one-tenth broader than long, shghtly convex, gradually and rather strongly rounded-narrowed, pubescence grey, thin, not conceaUng the derm.
Underside sUky grey ; apical margin of intercoxal process of mesosternite feebly rounded. Legs rufous, tarsi and apex of tibiae darker, especially in hindleg, no definite grey ring on tibiae, grey pubescence on upperside of tarsal segment I scattered ; apex of fore- and midtibiae simple.
Length 5 mm., width 2-2 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, viii.1927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 (J.
10. Acorynus trilineatus sp. nov.
(J. Near A. mundelhw Jord. 1926 ; with three narrow, sharply defined, yellowish buff lines from apex of pronotum to base of elytra.
Black, pubescence of upperside blackish brown. Rostrum broader than long, coarsely rugate-punctate, pubescence greyish white as on frons, five carinae, which do not reach apex, I interrupted before middle, stopping before reaching apex, but continued to apical margin by a flattened swelUng. Frons somewhat nar- rower than segment II of antenna, without median carina, but with a median stripe which runs from pronotiim across occiput and is whitish in front and yellowish behind. Occiput coarsely punctate, punctures more or less confluent transversely. Segments IX to XI of antenna together longer than III to VI, IX shorter than XI, which is curved.
Pronotum one-fourth broader than long, conical from carina forward, coarsely punctate, transversely rugate ; tlie three vittae about as broad as seg- ment IX of antenna, lateral vitta anteriorly whitish, somewhat oblique, crossing over to shoulder of elytrum ; lateral carina reaching to meral suture.
NoriTATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 367
Scutelluin yellowish buff. Elytra more than half as long again as broad (8 : .5), dorsally somewhat flattened, subbasal swelling moderate, interspaces of stripes but slightly convex, subbasal vitta confined to interspace I, and lateral vitta to interspace VII. Pygidium as long as broad, convex, slightly depres.sed medianly, gradually rounded-narrowed, middle of apical margin nearly straight.
l^nderside pubescent ashy grey. Anal sternite without tubercle. Legs grey like underside of body, tarsal segments II to IV black-brown, apex of fore- tibia somewhat incrassate and like that of midtibia without tooth.
Length 7 mm., width 3-3 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, viii.1927 {C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 (J.
11. Acorynus bifurcus sp. nov.
(J. Similar to A. ypsilon Jord. 1920. but the lateral stripe of the pronotum barely indicated, the spots of the elytra reduced, the club of the antenna shorter, and the pygidium longer.
Rostrum as in A. yjjsilon. Eyes nearly contiguous. Occiput coarsely punctate. Antenna rufescent, segments IX to XI as long as III to V together {in A. ypsilon-tS IX to XI as long as III to VI).
Pronotum coarsely punctate, transversely rugate-pUcate, a grey median stripe, tapering at apex, lateral stripe represented by small remnants of grey pubescence before carina and near basal margin ; lateral carina as short as in A. ypsilon and A. cyliridricus Jord. 1894.
Scutellum the same colour as the median stripe of pronotum. Elytra coarsely punctate-striate ; from before middle of punctate stripe V, a creamy band runs to posterior third of suture and thence a Httle along suture posticad, in basal half numerous short, grey, inconspicuous lines in the stripes of punctures, an inconspicuous grey sutural patch behind scutellum, a few short spots in apical half and a rather more prominent small lateral spot before and again behind middle, the conspicuous posthumeral spot of A. ypsilon absent from the new- species. Pygidium somewhat convex, as long as broad, gradually rounded- narrowed, apical margin rather more strongly rounded at sides than in middle, a narrow lateral stripe grey.
Femora, part of underside of tibiae and a subbasal spot on tibiae grey, rest of legs blackish brown, rufescent at the joints ; apex of foretibia broadened, beneath somewhat concave longitudinally, with a blunt tooth at each side of depression ; midtibia with sharp apical tooth.
Length 5-7 mm., width 2-7 mm.
North Borneo; Bettotan, near Sandakan, viii.1927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 (J.
12. Acorynus aratus sp. no v.
$. As in A. cylindricus Jord. 1894, which we have from Perak and Borneo, the lateral carina of pronotum very short ; the new species is distinguished by segment X of antenna being much sliorter and by the markings of the elytra being different.
Black, pubescence of underside and markings of upperside luteous. Probos- cis as long as apically broad, with five carina as in the allied species mentioned, I thin and low from base, widened at apical third, but not extended to apex,
25*
368 No\^TATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
II high, abbreviated distally, its apex connected by a sUght, obliquely transverse, swelling with margin of antennal groove. III joining that margin, which is con- tinued to apex of rostrum as a carina. Frons very little broader than antennal segment II, without indication of a median carinula except posteriorly. Eye narrowly margined with clay-colour. Shaft of antemia rufescent brown, III a Uttle longer than IV, IX one-fourth longer than XI and nearly one-half longer than III, X twice as long as broad, longer than in A. cylindricus.
Pronotum coarsely punctate, transversely rugate ; markings nearly as in A. cylirulriciis : median stripe consisting of three elongate spots, sublateral stripe strongly constricted at one-third from carina, the antecarinal portion forming a U with tiie short stripe ; carina as in ^. cylindriciis.
Scutellum brown. Elytra anteriorly broader than in A. cylindricus, strongly punctate-striate, with small separate luteous spots, namely, two transverse parallel ones in front of subbasal sweUing, the anterior one at basal margin, on sutm'e a slightly transverse dot in antemedian depression, and a slightly elongate one in middle, neitlier dot extending beyond stripe I, and a larger spot on apical area, posteriorly on subbasal swelling a dot in interspace I and behind the swelling a minute dot in III, another m III at beginning of apical declivity, in interspace V and partly in VI five dots, one of them close to base, minute, second above shoulder somewhat larger, third on a level with antemedian depression small, fourth before middle, round, nearly the same size as the median sutural spot, fifth at beginning of apical decUvity, in VII a dot before this declivity, in VIII an antemedian spot similar to the submedian spot of V, but more forward, at lateral margin a patcli below shoulder, extending up to punctate stripe VII and drawn out backwards as a short marginal Une which does not quite reach an antemedian limbal line, behind middle of margin a spot extending up to punctate stripe VII, and a triangular spot at lateral apical angle. Pygidium evenly rounded, broader than long, with a very distinct sweUing each side of middle and a luteous lateral spot.
Basal half of tibiae except extreme base, and apical five-sixths of tarsal segment I luteous grey.
Length 7-3 mm., width 3-5 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, viii.1927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 $.
13. Acorynus saphis sp. nov.
cJ. In colour and size like ^4. ruslicus Pasc. 1860, but very different in the frons, anal segment, and midtibia.
Somewhat narrower than q 5 of ^. rusticiis of the same length. Frons only as broad as the base of antennal segment II. Medium stripe of pronotum widely interrupted, lateral stripe and the half-stripe broader, intermediate short stripe far distant from carina. Pygidium as long as subapically broad, one-fifth broader at base than subapically ; apex truncate, with the angles rounded.
Anal sternite very broad, truncate, shallowly and broadly bisinuate, the lateral angles rounded and more projecting than the median portion of the apical margin, in middle of segment a hairy elliptical sweUing accentuated by a small groove each side. Intercoxal process of mesosternum narro\\er than in A. rusticus. Foretibia with a tooth each side of apical ventral sinus ; apex of mid- tibia with prominent tooth.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 369
Length 12 mm., width 5-2 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, 30.vii.l927 (C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ^J.
14. Acorynns teuches sp. nov. (^. In colour close to A. jhicvlratiis Jord. 1897. Above drab grey, paler beneath, with the following black markings on upperside of pronotum between middle and lateral carina : an admedian stripe from apical margin to near carina, a small spot a short distance from carina, another towards lateral carina (quite small in type) and a spot between lateral carina and apical margin ; on elytra a rounded spot on subbasal swelling from interspace I to TV, irregular spots at side behind shoulder and in middle, and dorsally behind middle and on apical declivity. Patch below eye orange-buff, continued on to prosternum.
Frons very narrow, as in 4 . saphis sp. nov. Segments IV to VII of antenna less broadened than in A. fenestratus, almost linear, VIII as long as III, nearly the same in shape and length as IX but somewhat narrower, IX to XI shorter than in A. saphis and .4. rusticus. Pronotum finely and sparsely punctate, not rugate, much smoother than in the allied species. Pygidium remarkably long, one-tenth longer than basally broad, subapically only one-eighth narrower than basally, apex more strongly rounded at sides than in middle.
Intercoxal process of mesosternum as narrow as in A . saphis. Anal sternite without tubercle, medianly longer than the two preceding segments together, apical margin strongly rounded, more so at sides than in middle. Legs slenderer than in A . saphis and ^4 . rusticus, the femora much less swollen beyond middle, apex of foretibia bisinuate, but without tooth ; midtibia with strong apical tooth ; segment II of foretarsus medianly longer than it is broad across base of apical sinus.
Length 9-7 mm., width 4-7 mm.
Malay Peninsula : Larut Hills, Perak, 3,700 ft., at light, 13. ii. 1932 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ^, type ; Ulu Liang, Pahang, 22.viii. 1907, 1 q.
15. Litocerus ampliatus sp. nov.
(J$. Recognizable by the broad prothorax being strongly conical from the middle of the lateral carina to the apex, this portion of the side being straight, and by segment VIII of the ^J-antenna being much longer than III. Near L. hiticollis Jord. 1894.
Pale testaceous, variegated with brown, rather densely pubescent huffish grey. Rostrum longer than broad, middle of apical two-fifths flattened, middle of basal three-fifths somewhat convex from side to side, median carina though thin quite distinct from base to depression, then very thin to apical margin, flattened out and evanescent before reaching the margin, carina II less prominent, running from base to middle and then continued by a swelling which extends obliquely apicad : below eye a distinct comma-groove bordered dorsally by an oblique swelling, from the lower end of which starts carina III ; this very thin and inconspicuous ; margin of antennal gi-oove somewhat expanded and con- tinued to apex as a thin carina. Frons in ,^ a little broader than segment II of antenna, in $ about as broad as that segment is long. Occiput brown in middle. Antenna rufescent-brown, pale at base, proportions : from Hi to XI in J 19, 17, 19, 20, 24, 2C, 17, 17, 16, in $ 18, 12, 12, 12, 12, 11, 20, 16, 16.
.'570 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
Pronotum almost twice as broad as long (ratio 16 : 9). with deep transverse groove halfway between apex and carina, apical area strongly slanting upwards from sulcus ; buflfish grey, with indications of a huffish median stripe, a brown stripe consisting of three portions bounds on each side an irregularly liexagonal median area, the main portion of the stripe slightly ciu-ved and extending from the end of the transverse sulcus to the carina, from its anterior end a streak runs obliquely to apical margin, which it reaches near middle, the posterior end of the brown stripe curves inward across the carina to base, the grey basal median spot being somewhat wider than the grey apical median interspace ; from the inner angle of the brown basal spot another brown stripe runs straiglit forward alongside the grey median striije, the apical lialf of it more or less obsolescent ; lialfway between the outer brown stripe and lateral carina a brown median spot, another spot between apex of lateral carina and apical margin, the spots connected with one another or nearly ; dorsal carina feebly convex from side to side, flexed for- ward to meral suture in an arc which is more strongly curved at side than above.
Scutellum grey. Elytra huffish grey, one-tliird broader behind base than before apical dechvity, rather strongly depressed at sutiure behind scutellum and again from antemedian depression to apex, interspace III being subcariniform ; interspaces striped with brown, an area expanding from shoulder to shoulder, gradually narrowing to interspace II and expanding again in front of apical declivity bears fewer brown stripes than the lateral area which extends from shoulder to beyond middle and upwards about to interspace II, this lateral (dark) area blackish brown at side ; on apical declivous area the brown linear spots occupy about as much space as tlie grey pubescence, the lateral spots the darkest.
Pygidium one-tenth broader than long, in j' rounded-triangular, in $ sub- truncate ; huffish grey, brown in middle. Sterna of thorax with dark brown patches. Legs pale rufous, knees and a broad postmedian ring on tibiae brown.
Length 5-7 mm., width 2-8 mm.
Java : Malang (Royer), one pair.
IC. Litocerus pollionis »p. nov.
(^. Near L. scalaris Jord. 1 St)5, but the black-brown median area of pronotum strongly constricted, and the irregular sutural stripe of the elytra broken up into spots. Brown, markings huffish grey. Proboscis with five carinae, median one higliest, more strongly elevate at base than farther down, reaching to nuddle, fading away in the postmedian shallow depression, carina II incurved in basal half, then somewhat directed outward, parallel with outer margin of rostrum, its apical half vestigial, carina III almost joining cariniform margin of antennal groove ; this margin continued as a carina to apical margin of rostrum. Frons narrow, only as broad as base of antemial segment III ; occiput and posterior portion of frons with large triangular brown median area. Antenna nearly reach- ing to apex of elytra, pale rufous at base, segment III longest, proportions : III 20, IV 10, Vlfl 18, IX 15, X 12, XI 17.
Middle of pronotum brown, this area deeply constricted in antemedian transverse sulcus, both portions nearly oblong, the anterior portion one-fourth narrower tlian the posterior one, the latter occupying four-fifths of the widtli of the pronotum ; a narrow huffish grey median line broken uj) into four spots, the
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 371
spot beliind sulcu.s ob.solescent ; lateral area densely buffish grey, with a longi- tudinal abbreviated brown line which is somewhat widened anteriorly ; carina incurved in middle, slightly convex each side of middle, laterally flexed forward in an even arc, the lateral carina somewhat inclining do\^nward, nearly straight in middle, its tip slightly turned upward.
Scutellum brown. Elytra strongly punctate-striate, with the following buffish grey markings : a large patch at shoulder, within it a brown spot at shoulder angle, a minute sutural spot behind scutellum, a small oblong spot in punctate stripe I on posterior side of subbasal swelling, near it a second spot in II, in interspace I from antemedian depression to near middle a line, almost interrupted, followed by a brown elongate-elliptical sutural spot, in stripe II a line beginning a short distance behind antemedian depression and ending in middle, where it is almost continuous with a Ihie in I ending at beginning of apical declivity, in stripe III a minute dot, in middle of III and IV a short oblong spot each, before declivity an elliptical spot occupymg interspaces II, III, and part of IV, at the side of it a smaller spot in interspace V, obliquely behind this largish double spot a dot in stripe VI, at lateral margin a spot before middle with a sub- lateral one obliquely above-behind it, another spot behind middle of margin, apex occupied by a largish triangular spot extending from suture to outer margin, broader than long, anteriorly excurved.
Pygidium as long as basaUy broad, gradually narrowed, evenly rounded at apex, buffish grey at side, as is the underside of body. Legs rufous, base and underside of femora very pale, on tibiae a diffuse subbasal ring and the ajjex also paler than the rest of the tibiae. Grey pubescence on upperside of tarsal segment I scattered, denser on II.
Length 5-3 mm., width 2-4 mm.
Sumatra, 1 ,^.
17. Litocerus tagens sp. nov.
(J$. Near L. infirmus Jord. 1928, from Borneo and the Malay Pen., but eyes almost contiguous in ,^, segments IV to VII of antenna longer, the light coloiu- much more restricted on pronotum, and the angle of the carina less rounded.
Segment IV of (^-antenna the longest, about one-fourth longer than III, twice as long as X, proportions slightly variable, in tyjje III 30, IV 37, VIII 26, IX 25, X 18, XI 23 ; in $ III 19, IV 15, VIII 15, IX IS. X 10, XI 19. Pronotum for the greater part blackish brown, a median stripe pale buff, constricted m the transverse antemedian sulcus, in front of carina more than half as wide as the brown lateral area, in this area a dorsal vitta represented by a row of spots, the last of them behind carina, the first long, above end of lateral carina and behind end of transverse sulvus a spot each. Elytra buff, a large brown-black area from shoulder to apical third of margin, extending upwards to line II of punctures (type) or to I, strongly narrowing above, its anterior margin much more slanting than the posterior, both somewhat irregular, from the anterior and jjosterior angles of its narrow sutural portion a curved Ime each projects towards or across suture ; in the black area about middle two buff spots, one obliquely above the other, on apical declivous area a black patch with 5 or 6 anterior and 1 or 2 posterior projections, the one in interspace VIII reaching the large patch, and the most dorsal one being directed obliquely forward towards suture, between the two patches a brown cross, consisting of a transverse bar and a longitudinal line
372 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
in V, this line connected with the large patch or free. ]\vgidinni a httle longer than broad in ^ (in rj of L. infirmus broader than long), as long as broad in $, gradually rounded-narrowed, with a brown median stripe.
Legs rufeseent, basal half (or more) of femora, an antemedian ring on tibiae, and tarsal segments II to IV much paler.
Length 5-7 mm., width 2-6 mm.
Malay Peninsula : Perak (W. Doherty), 1 S- type, in Mus. Brit. 3 cJcJ, 1 ? ; Pahang, Fraser's Hill 4,000 ft., i.l929, and Cameron's Highlands, 4,800 ft., vi. 1923 (H. M. Pendlebury), in Mus. Kuala Lumpur.
IJS. Litocenis callias dividus subsp. nov.
cJ. Differs from L. c. callias Jord. 1911 (Malay Pen.) in the brown markings being reduced in size. On pronotum a brown stripe each side of middle, anteriorly about as wide as the interspace between the two stripes or somewhat narrower, divided at one-third into two stripes, the dorsal one short and thin, sometimes interrupted, the outer one about half as wide as the stripe is at apical margin. On elytra all the spots separate from each other or some of them connected by thin lines : three linear spots on suture, a minute dot in interspace II in ante- median depression, in III a line (sometimes interrupted) from near basal margin on to subbasal swelling, here joined by a thin Une in IV ; a thin line above shoulder in type (absent from the two paratypes), a spot on shoulder angle drawn out into a line which, in the paratypes, joins a median patch ; this patch extends from mid-IV to mid-VII, behind it in VIII a small spot joined to the patch in the paratypes ; a larger patch on apical declivous area widened and sinuous in front, triangular apart from its irregularities ; at outer margin three spots.
Borneo: Sarawak, Limbang R., iii.1910, 1 tS (type) received from the Sarawak Museum, and Sarawak (Wallace), 1 (J in Mus. Brit, and another in the Hope Dept., Oxford.
19. Tropideres scitus sp. nov.
$. In size and shape similar to T. japonkus Roel. 1879. but elytra with well- defined black-brown transverse markings.
Rufescent-brown, pubescence luteous grey above, \\liitish grey on rostrum and beneath. Frons slightly wider than in T.japonicus $, posteriorly at eye with an elongate black-brown spot continuous with the brown occiput. Antenna entirely pale testaceous. Disc of pronotum dark brown, shaded with drab pubescence, sides and a broad median stripe luteous grey, the stripe expanded in antemedian depression ; carina laterally more abruptly curved forward and lateral branch shorter than in T. japonicu.s.
Scutellum white. Elytra with the subbasal callosity distinctly higher than in T. japonicus, bearing a short transverse spot, shoulder angle the same colour, a short distance behind antemedian depression a transverse patch from line II of punctures to VI, broader than long, variable in size, the patch continued towards suture as well as towards outer margin by some small spots or indications of spots, which give the patch the appearance of sending out two projections sidewards and two towards the patch on the other elytrum ; behind middle a transverse band from near suture obliquely backwards to outer margin ; on apical declivous area a thin transverse spot and one or two minute dots representing another transverse band ; all these markings black-brown ; inter-
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 373
space in somewhat convex from antemedian depression backwards, but not tuberculiform. Pygidium entirely grey. Tarsal segment II and apex of tibiae brown as in T. jajmnicu.s.
Burma : Ruby Mines (W. Doherty), 3 $$ in Mus. Brit.
20. Uncifer collaris sp. nov.
cJ. Rufescent-brown, upperside of head and rostrum and the entire under- side densely pubescent-grey, pronotum and elytra spotted and banded with grey, rufous-brown and blackish brown.
Rostrum nearly twice as broad as long (32 : 18). widest at basal third, apical margin excised in middle. Frons convex, narrower than the rostrum is long (ratio 14 : 18). Antenna reaching to middle of elytra, brown, base pale rufous, length of segments III 9, IV 8, V 6, VI to VII 7, IX 10. X 9, XI 11, VIII flattened like the club, but much narrower, VII also flattened, but less so than VIII, III the thinnest.
Pronotum granulose, somewhat depressed before middle and along carina, the centre therefore convex, a little less than the anterior half rufous, covered with a grey pubescence, which is densest in the depression, apical margin dark brown each side of middle, from this grey collar to base the pronotum blackish brown except a grey median stripe from scutellum across carina, tapering in front and not reaching grey apical border, and a grey basal lateral patch extending forward sublaterally. opposite this projection another, from apical border back- wards, on upperside of this anterior grey projection a brown projection into the grey border ; dorsal carina distant from base, shallowly concave medianly, and then more strongly convex, its hooked end almost touching outer surface of shoulder, the angle of the pronotum projecting farther laterad than the shoulder.
Scutellum almost semicircular, grey. Elytra strongly punctate-striate, rather coarsely granulose, spotted with grey, brown, and blackish brown, almost chequered, the more conspicuous blackish brown spots are ; a patch on subbasal callosity reaching base and enclosing a short grey basal dash in interspace III, a spot on shoulder angle, a larger rhombiform spot behind shoulder from margin to interspace VIII, an elongate-triangular sutural spot in middle, widest behind, and nearly the whole apical fourth except suture and two grey spots, in between these larger patches the grey pubescence broken up by spots and short lines. Pygidium with disiJersed grey pubescence, as long as broad, strongly narrowed to apex, which is truncate-rotundate, the sides straight, but oblique.
Legs rufous, tarsi and apex of tibiae slightly darker than femora.
Length 2-7 mm., width 1-3.5 mm.
Malay Peninsula ; Pahang, Frazer's Hill, 4,200 ft.. July 1931 (H. M. Pendle- bury), 1 (^.
21. Nessiara gibba sp. nov.
J. Near N. te-ssellatiis Eyd. & Soul. 1839, but subbasal swelling of elytrum a high ridge.
Black, spotted with tawny-ochraceous ; on pronotum an antemedian spot each side of middle ; scutellum, a short line behind subbasal tubercle on each elytrum and a few sinall dots in median half of sutural and third interspaces white, vertical basal margin of elytrum whitish midway between scutellum and shoulder.
374 NOVITATKS ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
Legs black, femora with some greyish ochraccous dots, middle of tibiae and the entire tarsi pale rufous, with grey pubescence.
Rostrum more coarsely punctate than in .V. tesseUatus ; club of anteima broader, segment XI broader than long, .slightly shorter than in .Y. tc-sxelhitun.
Length 1 1 mm.
North Borneo : Bettotan, near Sandakan, 17 .viii. 1927 {C. B. Kloss & H. M. Pendlebury), 1 q.
22. Nessiara moluccamm sp. nov.
0. Close to N. optica Jord. 1804, described from Sumatra ; broader, black spots of pronotum larger ; black-brown median siitiu'al patch placed in front of the grey spot of each elytrum larger than the black-brown markings placed behind the grey spot, the two black lateral spots of elytrum between shoulder and middle larger than in N. ojJtica, the grey spot in between tlieni correspondingly smaller and rounded ; pygidium broader than in ^V. optica, very slightly broader than long in X. moluccarum and a little longer than broad in N. optica (S6)-
Length of type 10 mm., width 5 mm.
Ceram : Piroe, ii.1900 (F. Muir), 1 $, type ; Amboina (F. Mulr), 1 S-
The Amboina specimen is much smaller (length 8-2 mm., width 4-0 mm.), the median carma of the underside of the rostrum is less elevate, and the pygidium broader than in type.
N. optica Jord. 1894 (Sumatra), A'. robuMa Jord. 1895 (Luzon), A', difficilis Jord. 1915 (Java), and A', moluccarum probably are geographical forms of one species. In all four segment XI of the antenna is short, being httle longer than broad, the elytra are depressed at sutvu-e from before middle to apical declivity, interspace III not elevate.
7
23. Oxyderes cyrtus modicus sp. nov.
(J. Differs from O. c. cyrtus Jord. 1912, from Java (a single $ known to me), in the rostrum being a little shorter (ratio between length and width in 0. c. cyrtus 1 : 1-58, in O. c. modicm 1 : 1-34), the lateral angle of the pronotal carina more acute, the black spots in the alternate interspaces of the elytra less elevate and less rounded, and many of them longer than broad, and in the grey rings of the femora and tibiae being narrower and less conspicuous.
Malay Peninsula: Selangor, Gomback valley, 16.x. 1921 (H. M. Pendle- bury), 1 ^.
24. Oxyderes nasutus sp. nov.
9. Like 0. fremitus Jord. 1897, but the rostrum longer (ratio of length and width in O. mi.tutus 1 : 1-33, in O.frenatus 1 : 1-70) ; carina of rostrum prominent, continued farther back than in O.freiiatus ; club of antenna narrower ; eye shorter.
Malay Peninsula : Perak (W. Doherty), 1 $. In Mus. Brit, a ^ from
Perak (Doherty) which shows the same differences.
25. Oxyderes homalis sp. nov.
$. Like O.f.frenntus Jord. 1897, differing only in the rostrum being shorter, twice as broad as long (ratio 14 : 7), and its median carina obsolescent, indicated at base as a thin longitudinal wrinkle and at apex as a slight swelling.
Sumatra (J. Gerard), 1 $.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAB XXXVIII. 1933. 375
26. Apatenia viduata pulla subsp. nov.
(^. Broader than A. v. vidtiatd Pasc. 18.59. Median carina of rostrum shorter, extending neither on to frons nor to the convex apical area. Frons strongly rugate-plicate longitudinally. Pronotum broader (length 10, width 12-3), some- what more strongly punctate. Pygidium (J") a little broader than long.
Length 5-7 to 8-.5 mm. ; type, length 8-5, width 4-0 mm.
South Celebes : Tjamba, viii-ix. 1891, and Macassar, vi.l896 (W. Doherty), 2 c?<?, 2 ??.
27. Apatenia viduata surda subsp. nov.
(J. Like the preceding subspecies, but carina of rostrum still shorter, ter- minating on a level with the thin transverse swelling which extends from the edge of the antennal groove mesad. Pronotum and elytra mucli shaded with clay- colour. Pygidium (,J') a little longer than broad.
Length 9 mm., width 4-3 mm.
Batjan (W. Doherty), 1 (J.
28. Apatenia madida sp. nov.
cj. Distinguished from A. viduata by the short rostrum, broad frons, and the absence of the black postmedian patch of the elytra.
Upperside clay-colour, dotted with brownish black. Rostrum more than one-half broader than long, a little more than the basal half depressed, apical area convex, middle carina confined to the depression, not ascending frons, which is anteriorly depressed and one-half as wide as the rostrum is long, proportions : width of frons 1-0, width of rostrum 2-5, length of rostrum 1-5 ; median apical lobe of rostrum prominent. Frons and occiput densely rugate-carinulate. Club of antenna distinctly decreasing in width from IX to XI.
Pronotum as in A. v. surda, basal median spot somewhat larger. Suture and alternate interspaces of elytra pustulated with black. Pygidium one-fourth broader than long, its basal transverse sulcus deep ; the two lobes of hypopygi- diuni shorter and farther apart than in A. vidtuita.
Length 8-3 mm., width 7-0 mm.
Batjan (W. Doherty), 1 ^.
29. Apatenia gnunosa sp. nov.
$. Brownish black, pubescence drab. Rostrum coarsely punctate, twice as broad as long, basal half medianly depressed, in middle of rostrum the depression extended sidewards to margin of antennal groove, in the depression a longitudinal median swelling, subcariniform. not prolonged on to the frons. As on rostrum a few of the punctures on frons confluent ; frons almost exactly as wide as the rostrum is long ($), anteriorly concave, with an indication of a median longitudinal swelling, which does not extend down to rostrum, and with a creamy median spot. On occiput a black patch with three projections, one median, the others directed towards eyes, which they nearly reach. Median groove on underside of rostrum shallow anteriorly, absent posteriorly. Segments I and II of antenna rufous.
Pronotum punctate, transversely depressed before middle, uneven, nearly one-foui-th broader than long ; a creamy median stripe from scutellum to trans-
376 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
verse depre.ssion, pointed anteriorly and continued by a narrow subapical streal< ; the portion behind carina longer than broad, seven longitudinal black markings at apex, the three dorsal ones subapically connected with each other ; from transverse carina to depre.ssion five black markings, the median one bearing the creamy spot, the lateral ones including some drab pid)escence, the intermediate ones narrow ; base behind carina black, with a huffish spot nearer to angle than to middle and continued across carina ; angle of carina a Uttle larger than 90°, longitudinal carinula forming with dorsal carina an angle slightly smaller than 90°.
Scutellum creamy. Elytra one-third longer than broad, coarsely punctate- striate, pustulated with brown-black, at sides a large black patch from basal fourth of margin to behind middle, basal callosity high, rounded, another high rounded tubercle behind middle in interspace III, and before apical declivity a transverse oblique row of three tubercles, before apical margin of each elytrum a black transverse comma. Pygidium about one-tenth broader than long, convex subapically, clayish, with an abbreviated narrow brown median stripe and a short lateral one.
Prosternura pitted with large punctures, which are dispersed on basal lateral area ; meso-metasternites likewise punctate, convex median area of metasternite almost impunctate. Abdomen punctate, more densely so on median area of segment I. sides almost impunctate apart from a basal row and a few additional punctures, at side a row of luteous spots set off by black. Legs rufescent-black, femora with a large blackish median patch or half- ring, a subbasal ring on tibiae and a narrow apical one, as well as the extreme bases of the tarsal segments and apex of I grey.
Length 6-3 mm., width 31 mm.
Boeroe : Hat (W. Doherty), 1 $.
30. Apatenia festiva sp. nov.
$. Nearest to A, sagax Jord. 1929, from Boeroe, but rostrum much longer, with the median carina strongly developed, and each elytrum with two high, pointed, subapical tubercles.
Rufescent-brown, pubescence pale chocolate variegated with lighter and darker shades. Rostrum a little more than one-half broader than long (ratio 1-6 : 1-0), coarsely punctate, median carina high, reaching to apical margin and disappearing on anterior portion of frons, from eye an oblique cariniform swelUng, distinct to middle, then gradually fading away, not reaching apical margin ; between the two carinae the rostrum deeply impressed ; a small depression midway between eye and apical margin ; from lateral dorsal apical angle of rostrum a carina runs basad to about one-half, parallel with margin of antennal groove ; apical margin bisinuate, median lobe broad and projecting. Median channel on underside of rostrum distinct, extending to near transversely wrinkled neck. Frons half as wide as the rostrum, longitudinally rugate-plicate, crossed by a creamy anguliform Une extending from eye to eye and projected a little forward on median carina. Occiput with large chocolate triangle of which the tip is rounded off, this patch narrowly bordered with creamy pubescence and divided by a creamy median line. Antenna brownish rufous, club less flattened than is usual in this genus (the nearest approach being found in A. sagax), IX and X almost alike, X being very slightly .smaller, both rounded subapically and truncate, XI slightly smaller than X, widest beyond middle, nearly as
NoviTATES ZooLOGiCAE XXXVIII. 1!I3:!. 377
strongly narrowed basad as IX and X, apically gradually narrowed, almost elongate-lozenge-shaped.
Pronotuni and elytra taken as a whole flattened, but very uneven ; pronotum almost exactly twice as broad as long (2-1 : 1-0), constricted before angle of carina ; lateral carina high, extending beyond middle, curved in dorsal aspect ; pronotum about one-eighth narrower at end of lateral carina than at subbasal angle, dorsal surface depressed before middle, the depression deepest each side of median line and fading away in front of end of lateral carina ; median line raised in the depression ; in area between dorsal and lateral carinae a large, shallow, rounded depression ; a bell-shaped central patch reaches from near apical margin to base, occupying three-fourths of the base, narrowing frontad, consisting of various markings : a velvety black subapical arch divided by a creamy grey longitudinal line and thinly bordered with grey in front and beliind, behind this arch a russet-chocolate arch, laterally exjianding a Mttle beyond the ends of the black arch and resting on a creamy grey transverse line situated at four-fifths from apex to carina, this line does not quite reach the sides of the patch ; along posterior side of line a dark shade, which turns laterally at right angles towards carina ; a large creamy grey patch before scutellum, rounded behind, expanding at carina and extending across it, forming a diffuse median stripe which joins the transverse line ; rest of the patch partly russet, particularly in the depressions ; dorsal carina taken as a whole straight, but slightly wavy and medianly curved backwards, lateral angle 90°, with the tip rounded off, longitudinal carinula almost a straight continuation of the lateral carina, hori- zontal in lateral asisect.
Scutellum creamy grey. Elytra one-half longer than broad, with lighter and darker shades, some of which have an oblique position, mainly backwards- dorsad ; sides parallel from shoulder to three-fourths ; between shoulder and middle a diffuse blackish brown Umbal patch, dorsal surface except suture very uneven with numerous tubercles, three of which are particularly high, namely a subbasal one with two rounded tops (in interspaces III and IV), and two sub- apical ones, both the latter pointed and turned anad, one of them in interspace III, the other, somewhat higher, close to outer margin. Pygidium one-fifth broader than long, evenly rounded, clayish at base and apex.
Underside of thorax and middle of abdomen coarsely punctate, the sclerites more or less outlined with greyish clay-colour, a broad stripe, narrowest in front, from apical margin of prosternum to base of metepisternum cream-colour, thickly pubescent, limited above by the lateral carma of prothorax. Legs more or less pale rufous, middle of femora brown, base and apex pubescent whitish grey, tibiae whitish grey at base and extreme apex, otherwise brown, midtibia on outside blackish brown, hindtibia broadened, its apical two-thirds brownish black, as is the upperside of hindtarsal segment I except extreme tip, segments II to IV in all tarsi paler than I.
Length 6-7 mm., width 3-0 mm.
Mandated New Guinea : Bolan Mts., 1 $.
31. Hypseus dilectus sp. nov. ?. Similar to H. fa.scicularis Pasc. 1860, but the club of the antenna and the colouring different, and the jiygidium densely yellowish cream-colour.
Pale rufescent and blackish brown, variegated. Rostrum not quite twice
378 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
as broad as long (ratio 1-8 : 1-0), with short median cariniform swelling, proximaUy to which there is a depres.sion that extends on to frons and is laterally bounded by a feeble s\\elling running from inner margin of eye obliquely forward ; apical margin of rostrum somewhat rounded, slightly bisinuate. Frons two-fifths the width of the rostrum, rugate-pUcate, with pale median spot and narrow pale border to anterior margin of eyes, otherwise like occiput darker brown than rostrum. Segments I, II, VII, and VIII of antenna pale testaceous, the other segments of shaft rufescent-brown ; club flat, deeper brown, its segments decreas- ing in length and width, IX and X widest at apex, rounded-widened from close to base, apex truncate, XI ovate, with pale apex.
Pronotum punctate, transversely depressed before middle and before carina, with a transverse row of sUght swellings in between ; apical dorsal median area oclu'eous, with an oblicjue, somewhat S-shaped, brown-black mark each side, from scuteUum to median swelling a creamy white stripe, constricted before carina, rounded at both ends, at each side of this stripe a large square black -brown patch from which a short spur extends forward along white line into the ochreous patch ; halfway between this patch and lateral carina a black-brown stripe stopping before middle at an ochreous dot surrounded with black -brown ; dorsal carina feebly convex from side to side, medianly sligiitly incurved, lateral angle very little smaller tlian 90°, longitudinal carinula more strongly slanting tiian in H. fascicidaris, forming equal angles with the dorsal and lateral carinae.
ScuteUum creamy white. Elytra blackish brown, an irregular stripe from shoulder to subapical tubercle ochreous, interrupted by the two posterior tubercles, subbasal swelling the same colour, which extends to base, interspaces V, VII, and IX ^nth black pustules, in III behind middle and at beginning of apical declivity a rounded black tubercle, before apical margin a transverse tubercle or ridge, between the black pustules some grey dots. Pygidium entirely ochreous.
Abdominal segment I oclireous, II to V with bro«n lateral spot. Femora and tibiae dark brown, en femora the base, a postmedian ring or spot and the apex pale testaceous, on tibiae an antemedian and a subapical ring and more or less also the base pale testaceous, as are the tarsi (of which segment I bears scattered dark hairs).
Length 4-7 mm., width 2-0 mm.
Ceylon: Bojuwantalura, 4,000-5,200 ft., 28.ii-12.iii. 1882, type, and Dikoya, 3,800-4,200 ft., O.xii. ]881-lG.ii.lS82 ; 2 ?$ in Mus. Brit, ex coll. G. Lewis.
32. Phaulimia ofella sp. nov. (J. Near Ph. ■prii'a Jord. 1895, but broader, blackish brown, the pronotimi more coarsely granulate than in Ph. priva and the frons a little wider. The luteous grey anguliform mark on occiput not cjuite 90°. On pronotum the grey markings more definite and more conspicuous on the dark ground, and those in anterior half larger, the lateral ones separate, not merged togetlier as in Ph. priva ; dorsal carina somewhat concave in middle, then convex and towards angle again slightly concave, lateral angle 90°, with tlie tip strongly rounded. Elytra with numerous very small grey dots in the rows of punctures, here and there a dot in tlie interspaces, an oblong postmedian spot in thu'd interspace conspicuous, a smaller one at base of this interspace.
NOVITATES ZoOLOalCAE XXXVIII. 1933. 379
Under.side grey, abdomen inedianly rufescent, tarsi paler rufous at apex.
Length 4 mm., width 2 mm.
Nortli Borneo: Bettotan, near Sandakan, 19.vii.lil27 (C. B. Klass and H. M. Pendlebury), 1 q"-
Note. — In Nov. Zool. xxxiv. p. 121 (1928) I gave a short definition of Ulorhinu.s Sharpe 1891 in which line 9 from above should read " Proboscis about twice as broad as long," instead of " twice as long as broad."
33. Sintor peribalius sp. nov.
$. Near S. philippinensis Jord. 1895, sliorter, rostrum much shorter, with the carinae obsolete in basal half, club of antenna narrower and loose, segment X being triangular and longer than broad, and the lateral arm of the pronotal carina shorter.
Rufescent-brown or (immature) rufous, markings of upperside luteous or white, pubescence of underside silky grey. Rostrum one-tenth broader at apex than long ($ ; in ^J probably a little longer than in $), almost cylindrical at base, median carina represented by a low swelling from near apical margin to middle, base slightly impressed, the impression continued on to frons ; from margin of antenna! groove to dorsal apical angle of rostrum a carina, but no carina from antennal groove to eye. On head a thin median stripe and a border to the eyes, uniting anteriorly, the upperside of the rostrum nearly entirely luteous. Segment II of antenna as long as III, IV like III, V to VIII decreasing in length, VIII being three-fourths III, segments of club longer tlian broad, IX one-tenth longer than III, X one-tenth shorter than III, both gradually widened from base, triangular, XI elongate-elliptical, one-tenth longer than IX.
Pronotum convex, depressed along carina, one-sixth broader than long, closely studded with shallow punctures (rings bearing each a hair), a thin median stripe, interrupted or anteriorly effaced, a sublateral stripe more or less inter- rupted before middle and behind the interruption somewhat curved sidewards (this lateral projection being a dot joined to the stripe), on each side of disc a median spot joined to the lateral stripe or isolated ; carina concave, very gradu- ally flexed forward-laterad, with a very short horizontal portion, the side of the prosternite below the lateral carina more convex than m S. philippinensis.
Scutellum nearly white, conspicuous. Elytra convex, somewhat flattened along suture, more strongly punctate-striate than in S. philippinensis, alternate interspaces each with about seven dots and elongate spots, suture for the greater part luteous or white. Pygidium quite evenly rounded, one-half broader than long, medianly convex from base to near apex.
Tarsal segment I shorter than II to IV together.
Length 3-8 to 4-5 mm.
Two subspecies :
(a) 8. peribalius peribalius.
Markings of upperside luteous.
Pulo Tioman (east side of Malay Pen.) : B. Sedagong, 1 ,000 ft., v . 1 926 ; 3 $9.
(b) S. peribalius leucas subsp. nov. $. Markings of upperside white, lateral stripe of pronotum broken up into spots. Proboscis a little thicker, pronotum more coarsely granulose (without gloss), and elytra somewhat more convex.
380 NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933.
North Borneo: Bettotan, near Sandakan, 19. viii. 1927 (C. B. Kloss and H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ?. -
Morphocera gen. nov.
(J. Near Ancylotropis Motsch., eye less coareely granulosa, tooth of claw short, and tarsal segment III not enlarged.
Rostrum stout, long, cylindrical at bases, flattened and dilated at apex, without distinct carinae, apical margin truncate, with small median sinus, and the lateral angle projecting sideways on to the base of the mandible. Labium divided nearly down to the palpi ; labiophore glossy, truncate-emarginate, with the lateral angle acute. Antenna close to apex, segments III to V thicker than the others, strongly claviform, VI to VIII circular in transverse section, thin, widened at apex, but much less enlarged than the preceding ones, club flattened, wider than VIII, but narrower than V, IX conical, X shorter, XI elliptical ; antennal groove rounded, slightly elliptical. Eye lateral a little longer than broad. Carina of pronotum distant from base, gradually flexed forward at side, not reaching middle ; longitudinal and transverse carinulae vestigial, basal edge cariniform, a little projecting sidewards beyond the flank of the prosternite. Elytra with the subbasal swelling very faint, basal margin incurved from shoulder to shoulder. Pygidium semicircular. Mesosternal process gradually narrowing, very much narrower than coxa. Foretibia (f^) compressed, about as broad as forefemur, much broader than mid- and hind- tibiae. Genotype : M. pendleburyi sp. nov.
34. Morphocera pendleburyi sp. nov.
(J. Brownish black, upperside densely irrorated with grey, the scale-hairs assuming a metallic green tint when looked at obliquely from their bases. Rostrum one-half longer than broad at its widest point, which is subapical, coarsely punctate-reticulate, with a vestige of a thin median carina, underside coarsely punctate, except labiophore, at each side about halfway between eye and buccal sinus a longitudinal groove. Head likewise coar.sely reticulate, some of the meshes open, some of the ridges forming longitudinal carinulae ; frons anteriorly one-tenth wider than the middle of the proboscis. Eye elliptical, one-third longer than broad. Antenna not quite reaching to apex of elytra, rufescent at base, segment V longest, widest behind middle. III and IV widest nearer apex, lengths of segments I 11, II lo, III 28, IV 27, V 34, VI 28, VII 22, VIII 19, IX 16, X 10, XI 15.
Prothorax one-tenth longer than broad, subconical, widest at basal third, evenly convex, highest in centre, slightly depressed along carina, coarsely punctate-reticulate, somewhat rugose and granulose, with numerous brown- black stiff hairs in between the speckles of grey pubescence : carina in middle just in front of basal seventh of pronotum, dorsally straight, laterally gradually flexetl forward, the lateral arm oblique, not quite reaching to middle.
Scutellum small. Elytra cylindrical, not quite twice as long as broad (11 : 6), densely granulate, punctate-striate, the stripes rather shalhiw, but most of the punctures deep. Pygidium with narrow shallow longitudinal impression each side of middle Une.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 381
Prosternum convex, densely and coarsely punctate ; rest of underside more granulate-coriaceous. Knee.s and tarsi rufescent, more densely pubescent-grey than middle of tibiae. Tarsi shorter than tibiae, segment I shorter than II to IV together.
Length 5 mm.
Malay Pen. : Frazer's Hill, Pahang, 4,200 ft. (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ^J.
35. Litotropis icon sp. nov.
$. Blackish brown, elytra densely grey mixed with ochraceous, bearing a large lateral blackish brown patch. Rostrum sparsely irrorated with grey and ochraceous scale-hairs, one-half broader than long, with a shallow impression from middle to base, punoturation coarse and very dense, from inner margin of eye forward a cariniform wrinkle. Head with about a dozen longitudinal carinulae, variable, not quite regular. Antenna not quite reaching base of pro thorax, rufescent, segment I shorter than II, II to VIII decreasing, club flattened. IX as long as III, triangular, a very little longer than broad, X broader than long, trapeziform, XI elliptical, but truncate at base, one-fourth longer than IX. Pronotum sparsely irrorated with grey, in middle of apical margin a small ochraceous cordiform patch bearing a white median Ime, before middle a transverse row of four small dots, the middle two or all four white, behmd them indications of other dots ; one-fourth broader than long, widest at base, the side slightly incm'ved before angle and convex in middle, very densely punctate- reticulate, the meshes larger in centre of disc than at sides, in posterior half some irregular transverse ridges variable in number and length ; disc convex from side to side, without longitudinal depression.
ScuteUum broader than long, white. Elytra three-fifths longer than broad, convex, not depressed along suture, subbasal swelling more or less distinct, hnes of punctures feebly impressed, a spot on subbasal swelling and another on shoulder blackish brown like lateral area, this area extending from shoulder to apical third, reaching dorsal to fourth line of punctures. Pygidium semicircular.
Length : 6 to 7 mm.
Borneo : Baram, x.1910, 1 $, type ; Kuching, v. 1900, 1 $ ; both received from the Sarawak Museum.
36. Caccorhinus castas sp. nov.
rj. Black, above and below evenly pubescent grey-white ; at each side of scutellum a spot, fom'-fifths mm. long, longer than broad, posteriorly rounded and shghtly dilated, in middle of elytrum a rounded dot (diameter about three- fifths mm.), a smaller one laterally before middle and a still smaller one on shoulder, all black. Antenna pale rufous, club black, segment IX much longer than III, lengths of IX to XI 18, 14, 21, width of IX 8i, XI 9. Pygichum pale rufous, one-half broader than long, subtruncate, rather strongly convex each side at base, the basal transverse groove deep. Legs pale rufous, knees, tip of tibiae, and the enthe tarsi black.
Length : 7-3 mm.
Malay Peninsula: Ketah, near Jitra, Catchment Area, 11th April 1928 (H. M. Pendlebury), 1 ^.
382 NOTITATES ZoOLOaiCAE XXXVIII. 1933.
37. Caccorhinus modicus sp. nov.
cj. Narrower than C. castus sp. nov., pubescence of upperside less den.se, luteous grey, the blackish derm shining through here and there. Club of antenna broader, length of IX 12, X 10, XI 18, width of IX 8, X 9, XI 9-5. Pronotum more flattened in middle, shorter (ratio of length and width 14 : 17), derm more coarsely sculptured. The two black basal spots on elytra confluent behind scutellura, a trilobate patch being formed, the median lobe on suture short and narrow ; a dorsal median spot and a lateral antemedian one. Luteous velvety median spot on metasternuni cjuite small, elliptical. Legs darker brown than in G. castus. Knees and apices of tibiae more broadly black, segment I of tarsi grey except at extreme base and at apex.
Length : 7 mm., width 2-7 mm.
Tonkin : Hoa Bingh, 1 ^.
38. Basitropis operta sp. nov.
(J$. Nearest to B. ter.sa Jord. 1926 ; as in that species the rostrum with a median carina from apex on to frons, the club of the antenna constricted in the joints, and the legs unicolorous (apart from the slightly darkened knees). Dis- tinguished by the antennal club being broader (but not as broad as in B. persimilis Jord. 1916), VI to VIII hardly at all increasing in width, in ,^ VIII nearly twice as long as broad (8 : 5), half tlie width of IX, club three times as long as broad, IX 9, X 8, XI 13, width of X 10 ; in $ VIII as in ^, club less than one-tenth shorter ; in both sexes X one-ninth broader than IX and XI. Frons in (^ half as broad as rostrum, in $ very Uttle broader than in ^.
Pronotum punctate, interspaces larger than the punctures and flat. Pro- notum and elytra irregularly marmorated with bufSsh grey, this pubescence occupying about as much space as the brown ground-colour, a broadish sub- median area from side to side almost entirely brown. Pygidium of ^ smooth, with dispersed punctures, convex, less than one-tenth broader than long, gradu- ally narrowed, apex evenly rounded ; in $ much broader than long (10 : 7), subtruncate, with the angles broadly rounded.
Java: G. Slamat, iv.l917 (Drescher), 3 <^(^ (type in Mus. Amsterdam); Malang, 1 ? ; TenggerMts., 4,000 ft. (Fruhstorfer), 1 ?.
39. Basitropis blanda sp, nov.
$. Likewise near B. tersa, but the frons narrower, and the club of the antenna broader. Rostrum more coarsely rugate-punctate ; antemedian knot of carina with the lateral extension directed obUquely backwards. Frons only two- fifths the width of the rostrum. Occiput brown, border of eye luteous, as broad as segment IV of antenna is long. Antennal segments V to VIII very distinctly increasing in width, VIII one-ninth broader than long, club a little over twice as long as broad (2.5 : 11), more compact than in the previovis species, IX and X much broader than long, X being nearly twice as broad as long, XI one-tenth longer than broad.
Pronotum iJunctate as in B. operta sp. nov., sides less rounded than in that species ; with three somewhat irregidar luteous stripes, above the lateral one a median spot attached to the stripe and farther back an isolated minute dot.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE XXXVIII. 1933. 383
Elytra nearly twice a.s long as broad (20 : 11), more extended brown than buff, the buff pubescence forming a large basal patch from lateral margin to near suture, leaving shoulder angle and basal margin brown, a postmedian band, obUque on each elytrum, more forward dorsaUy than laterally, interrupted at suture, a transverse subapical band leaving sutural angle brown ; in between these luteous markings, which are somewhat irregular and probably variable, some small luteous spots. Pygidium semicircular, convex behind basal median groove. Legs and underside of body without spots, knees brownish.
Length : .5-5 mm., width 2-2 mm.
Philippines : Imugau, Luzon, 1 $. ft
40. Anthribus vandykei sp. nov.
cj$. Similar to A. fasciatv.i Forster 1773. Much larger, rostrum medianly impressed, this shallow impression continued across frons to occiput. Pronotum likewise with a median depression from near apex to near base, side of pronotum more strongly dilated in middle than in A . fascialus, straight from this widened portion to base, angle a little larger than 90°, much more strongly rounded than in A . fasciatus, dorsal carina medianly less concave. Scutellum much larger. Alter- nate interspaces of elytra more strongly elevate, on the whole more conspicuously brick-red than the flat interspaces, dorsal black spots from basal fifth backward all short. Pygidium as in ^. fasciatus coarsely punctate-reticulate, brick -red hke underside of abdomen. Legs as in A . fasciatus, tibiae somewhat wider.
Length : 5 to 6 mm.
China : Nanking, 3. v. 1923 (E. C. Van Dyke), several specimens bred from a large Kermes found on Oak ; type in coll. Van Dyke, paratype at Tring.
LEPIDOPTERA
COLLECTED BY THE
British Ornithoiogrists' Union and Wollaston Expeditions in the Snow Mountains, Southern Dutch New Guinea
WITH TWO COLOURED PLATES
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.
(LORD ROTHSCHILD)
PRICE: £1 5s. (less 20% to Booksellers).
A REVISION OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS FAMILY
SPHINGIDAE
By the Hon. WALTER ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D.,
AND
KARL JORDAN, M.A.L., Ph.D.
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cxzzv and 972 pages, with 67 Plates.
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PRINTED BT StZTU^ WATSON AND VINET, ITD., LONDON AHD ATLESBOSY.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAE.
H journal of ZooioQ^-
BDITED BT
LORD ROTHSCHILD, Ph.D., F.R.S., De. ERNST HARTERT, and Dr. K. JORDAN, F.R.S.
Vol. XXXVIII.
No. 3.
Pages 385-404. IssusD October 16th, 1933, at the Zoological Museum, Tbiho.
PRINTED BY HAZELL, WATSON & VINEY, LTD., LONDON AND AYLESBURY.
1933.
Vol. XXXVIII.
NOVITATES ZOOLOGICAR
EDITED BT
LORD ROTHSCHILD, ERNST HARTERT, and KARL JORDAN, F.R.S.
CONTENTS OF NO. III.
PAGES
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXVIII 385—404
TITLE PAGE, CONTENTS, LIST OF PLATES TO VOLUME XXXVIII i— vii ERRATA viii
INDEX
abdelazis (Lycaena), 322. abdelkader (Cercyonis), 319.
— (Satyrus). 319.
Accipiter, 129, 138, 180, 193, 204, 208, 240,
achilles (Plocopsylla), 345, 346.
Acidalia, 328.
acieifera (Iridopsis), 121.
acodes (Euproctis), 69, 101.
Acontia, 326.
Acorynus, 365, 369.
Acrojana, 251, 252.
actaea (Minois), 319.
— (Satyrus), 319. acteon (Adopaea), 323.
— (Papilio), 323. Actitis, 187, 207, 245. acuminata (Calidris), 187.
acunhae (Xesospiza), 15, 16, 19, 20, 47. acuta (Traminda), 11. acutangulus (Atophoderea), 298, 299. Adamastor, 15, 19, 28, 29, 35. adara (Laelia), 82, 83.
— (Procodeca), 82. adduotu8 (Xylinades), 306, 307. adela (Euproctis), 70, 71, 101. adippe (Argynnis), 317. AdluUia, 78.
admiralitatis (Halcyon), 172. Adopaea, 323. adrasta (Papilio), 320.
— (Parage), 320.
adustus (Ceratophyllus), 253, 254. aegeria (Parage), 320. a«gra (Oenanthe), 332. Aegypodius, 130. aeraulus (Dasypsyllus), 360, 361. aenigma (CoUocalia), 164, 165. Aepypodius. 128, 135, 188, 208, 247. aequinoctialis (Procellaria), 20, 30. aestivalis (Eublemma), 326. Aethomyias, 161. affinis (Apus), 3.33, 334.
— (Gerygone), 159, 230.
— (Megapodius), 207, 245, 246.
— (Myiolestes), 128, 153.
— (Pitohui), 132.
— (Toxorhamphus), 144, 145.
•2fi
agestis (Lycaena), 322. aglaia (Argyimis), 317. Agrotis, 326. 241. Ailuroedus, 131, 142, 219.
alampeta (Dasychira), 85, 102. alaris (Megaloprepia), 183. alba (Dura), 101.
— (Motacilla), 336.
— (Procellaria), 33. albani (Pterodroma), 32. albertisi (Gymnophaps), 243. albicans (Dura), 80. albicilla (Halcyon), 172.
— (Haliaetus), 138. albidice (Leucochloe), 316. albifrons (Henicophaps), 128, 186, 244.
— (Machaerirhynchus), 128, 132, 160. albiplaga (Dasychira), 84. albivenosa (Satyrus), 319. albiventer (Zosterops), 225. albofasciata (Sphinctotropis), 295. alboguttatus (Acorynus), 365. albonotata (Meliphaga), 222.
— (Ptilotis), 147. alboscripta (Euproctis), 79.
• alboserrata (Cotana), 251.
albotaeniata (Amaurodryas), 229.
— (Poecilodryaa), 229. albus (Macronectes), 37. Alcedo, 234.
Alcyone, 133, 171, 200, 234. alcyone (Nytha), 318.
— (Satyrus), 318.
alecto (Monarcha), 132, 155, 196, 227.
— (Probosciger), 133, 176.
— (Psittacus), 176. Alectoris, 334, 337. algira (Parallelia), 327.
— (Phalaena), 327. algirica (Lycaena), 323.
— (Notolophus). 324. ali (Hesperia), 324.
— (Syrichthus), 324.
aliena (Rhodopechys), 336, 337. Alisterus, 133, 177. allardiata (Acidalia), 328.
— (Sterrha), 328. 386
386
allocota (Brixia), 9. alluaudi (Parage), 320. alternata (Microgonia). 113. Altipectus, 363, 364. alveus-numida (Syrichthus), 323. amaada (Lycaena), 322. Amaurodr\*as, 229. amboinensis (Alisterus), 133, 177.
— (Macropygia), 185, 189, 206, 244. americanus (Megaloptenis), 46. amianta (Dura), 100, 101. amictozona (Cleora), 114. amoena (Mazuca), 339, 340. 341. Amphipsylla, 258, 259, 261, 293. ampliatus (Litocerus), 369. amplior (Gonanticlea), 103, 104. ampliplaga (Craspedosis), 124. amplus (Phloeobius), 299. Amsacta, 79.
amydra (Dasycliira), 86.
anaha (Dasycliira), 89.
Anaitis, 329.
analoga (Meliphaga), 131, 147, 148, 158, 222.
— (Ptilotis), 147. anatinus (Atophoderes), 298. Ancylotropis, 380. andensis (Hoplopsyllus), 343. Androceras, 297, 310. angulata (Dasycliira), 88, 89.
— (Papilio), 315.
angustipennis (Dendrotrogus), 303. angustiplaga (Craspedosis), 124. Anisodes, 314.
annulipes (Mecotropis), .362. Anous, 15, 16. 18-20. 45. ansorgei (Ctenophthalmus), 350, 351. antarctica (Catharacta), 15, 17-20, 44.
— (Priocella), 16, 19, 29. antetius (Anous), 45. Anthribus, 383. Anthus. 332. 337. antilliana (Microgonia), 113. Antiplia, 62
antipodua (Larus), 43, 44.
Apatenia, 298, 375, 376.
aphrasta (Cispia), 100, 102.
aplirodite (Nobilia), 5.
Aphropsylla, 292.
Aplonis, 129, 131, 142, 194, 220.
apollinaris (Ceratophyllus), 344.
Aporia, 316.
appetens (Iridopsis), 121.
Aptenodytes, 15.
Apus, 333, 334.
AquUa, 337.
Arachnothera, 128, 145.
araea (Dasycliira), 84, 85, 102.
Araecerus, 304, 312.
aratus (AcorjTius), 367. araucanus (Dasypsyllus), 358. Archaeopsylla, 293. Arctia, 85. Arctopsylla, 291. Ardea, 180. Ardenna, 18, 19,27. ardescens (Mauna), 109. arduus (Mecotropis), 362. arenicola (Galerida), 332.
— (Streptopelia), 337. arfaki (Tyto), 233. arfakiana (.Sericornis), 231. arfaliianus (Aepypodius), 208, 247.
— (Cacomantis), 236.
argentauris (Lichmera), 131, 147, 154, 156.
— (Ptilotis), 147. argillacea (Scopula), 328. argiolus (Lycaena), 323. Argynnis, 317, 318, 337, 338. arrainjoniana (Procellaria), 33. Aroa, 79, 80, 102.
Arses, 132, 156, 208, 227. ArtSmus, 132, 154. Artaxa, 57-59, 63, 64, 74, 76, 77. aruensis (Eclectus), 203.
— (Gerygone), 158.
— (Mino), 219.
— (Xylinades), 305. asemus (Atoporhis), 364. aspasia (Clialcoste. ha), 195, 224. asperaria (Geometra), 330.
— (Phalaena), 330.
— (Rhoptria), 330. aspericoUis (Xylinades), 302, 303. assimilis (Ctenophthalmus), 269.
— (Puffinus), 19, 26. Asthenotricha, 108. astia (Xenopaylla), 264. astrache (Lycaena), 322. Astur, 240.
asvata (Dasychira), 86, 87.
atemeles (Lymantria), 93, 94, 102.
ater (Manucodia), 131, 140.
atereta (Euproctis). 58, 102.
aterrimus (Probosciger), 130, 133, 176, 237.
atestacea (Laelia), 82.
atlanticus (Megalopterus), 20, 46.
atlantis (Satyrus), 318.
Atlantisia, 19, 20, 42.
atomaria (Artaxa), 59.
— (Euproctis), 59, 66. atomus (Ctenophthalmus), 349. Atophoderes, 298, 299. Atoporhis, 363, 364.
atra (Myiagra), 189, 191, 193, 196, 197. atripunctalis (Brixia), 9. atrisignata (Euproctis), 62, 68.
387
atrovirens (Lalage). 129, 132, 163, atroviridaria (Thalera), 11.
— (Traminda), 11. audax (Mecotropis), 301. auduboni (Phoebetria). 42, aulax {MecotropLs), 301, aurantiifrons (Loriculus), 129, 178,
— (PtUinopus), 242, aurata (Zygaena), 336. aureigula (Zosterops), 225. auresiana (Argynnis), 317, auronitens (Thecla), 321, australis (Fregetta), 26.
— (Metoptnia), 327.
— (Sphinctotropis), 296.
— (Synthymia), 327. Autophila, 327. Autotropis, 304. avellanea (Nobilia), 3-6. aversaria (Gymnoscelis), 329, 330, aversata (Gymnoscelis), 329, 330, aviceps (Iridopsis), 120, 121. axillaris (Coraoina), 132, 161, 198, azurea (Alcyone), 133, 171, 200, 234.
bacopus (Ctenophthalmus), 350, 351. baeticus (Syrichtus). 323. baikalensis (Ceratophyllus). 256. barbara (Aleetoris), 334, 337. bartelsi (Cratynius), 353. ,354. baru (CoUocalia), 165, 167-169, 233, baruna (Dasychira), 89, barychorda (Psilocerea), 111, Basitropis, 382, bassi (Thalassarche), 39, baswana (Pantana). 92. batantae (Arses), 132, 156,
— (Myiolestes), 153, batavorum (Loriculus), 129, 178. Baza, 179, 240,
beatrix (Bombyx), 94,
— (Lymantria), 94, 95, beccari (Otus), 192, 193. beccarii (Sericornis), 231. belcheri (Thalassarche), 39, bellus (Ptilinopus), 205. bergii (Sterna), 187, 207. 245. bernhardi (Rhopalopsyllus), 292. bethunei (Sterna), 45. Betousa, 7.
biagi (Paracydas), 2.52, bicolor (Columba), 185.
— (Melanocharis), 224, 225.
— (Myristicivora), 185.
— (Pantana), 92. bidentatus (Leptopsylla), 257, bifurcata (Euproctis), 78. bifurcus (Acorynus), ,367.
26*
bigemmis (Tropidobasis). 303. bigutta (Euproctis). 60, 61. bilineata (Euphyia), 329. bilineatus (Ulorhinus). 311. bimacuiata (Euproctis). 60. biplagata (Aiitipha), 62.
— (Euproctis), 62. biplagatana (Euproctis), 62, biplagiatus (Physopterus), ,363. bipunctapex (Euproctis), 60.
— (Soraena), 60,
birulai (Corrodopsylla), 258, 259.
— (Doratopsylla), 259. bivittata (Lymantria), 99, blachieri (Zygaena), 336, blainvillei (Peltops), 132, 155. blanda (Basitropis), 382. blandula (Eublenima). 327.
— (Xoetua), 327. Boarmia. 114-116, 119. boeticus (Lampides), 322.
— (Papilio), 322.
bohlsi (Rhopalopsyllus), 292, boleora (Euproctis), 78. Bombyx. .57.60, 85, 94. bondari (Tunga), 248, 249. bonellii(Aquila), 337. boyeri (Coracina), 231. brabournei (Procellaria), 31. braehydactyla (Certhia). 334. brachystomus (Ulorhinus), 311. brachyura (Poecilodryas). 229. bracteatus (Dicrurus), 131, 143, 194,220, brasiliensis (Eraberiza), 15, brehmi (Monarcha), 192. brevicauda (Macruropsar), 194. brevirostris (Pterodroma), 18, 20, 34, brevipes (Tringa), 187, briseis (Chazara), 319.
— (Satyrus), 319, 338. brittonae (Iridopsis). 116. Brixia, 7-10.
bruijni (Aegypodius), 130.
— (Aepj-podius), 128. bruijnii (.Aepvpodius), 188.
— (Talegallus), 188. brunneiplaga (Lymantria), 96, 97, Bubulcus, 129, 181.
buccoides (Ailuroedus), 131. 142. 219.
Buceros, 171.
Burhinus, 333.
Buta.stur, 179,
Buteo, 337.
Butorides, 181,204,241,
Caberodes, 112. 113.
cabirus (Ctenophthalmus), 350, 351,
Caeatua, 133.
388
Cacoorhinus, 381, 382.
Cacomantis, 133, 174, 175, 202, 209, 236.
caecata (Tunga), 248. 249.
caecigena (Tunga), 248.
caedens (Ceratophyllus), 253.
Caenopsylla, 273.
calceatus (Ceratophyllus), 352.
caledonicus (Xj'cticorax), 181.
calida (Lycaena), 322.
Calidris, 187.
callias (Litocerus), 372.
callima (Dasychira), 89, 102.
callipotama (Euproctis), 65, 101.
Caloenas, 186, 207, 244.
Calornis, 194.
calva (Schlegelia), 141.
Campephaga, 198, 232.
campestris (Anthus), 332, 337.
camurisquama (Leucoma), 54, 102.
canaria (Serinus), 337.
cancrivora (Halcyon), 173.
candicans (.iraecerus). 312.
cannabina (Carduelis), 334, 337.
canorus (Cuculus), 201.
cansa (Frontopsylla). 278.
eantans (Sericornis), 231.
cantoroides (Aplonis), 131, 142.
capensis (Daption), 16, 20, 35.
capitalis (Grateroscelis), 132, 160.
capnodes (Lymantria), 95, 102.
Caprimulgus, 133, 170, 233.
Caragola, 57.
carbonarius (Dicrurus), 131, 143, 194,220.
Carcharodus, 323.
Carduelis, 334, 337.
carduelis (Carduelis). 337.
cardui (Papilio), 317.
— (Pyranieis), 317. carenis (Trichopsylla). 267. carnaria (Anisodes), 314. carnearia (Anisodes), 314.
carolinae (Tanysiptera). 188, 189, 192, 201.
Carpophaga, 183, 188, 206, 243.
carteri (Thalassarche), 39.
caspica (MotacUla), 161, 231.
cassicus (Cracticus), 132, 151, 195, 225.
Cassidia, 80.
casta (Craspedosis), 123, 124.
— (Rhadinopsylla), 2.58, 260, 263. castaneiventris (Cacomantis), 209, 236. castus (Caccorhinus), 38J , 382.
— (Xessiodocus), 309. Casuarius, 247. catala (Euproctis), 66. Catharacta, 15, 17-20, 44. Catocala, 327.
caucasiea (Ctenophthalmus), 286. cautus (Araecerus), 304.
Caviria, 57.
Cedus.301.
celina (Lycaena), 322.
celsus (Xessiodocus), 308.
C^ntropus, 190. 202, 236.
ceramense (Edolisoma), 129, 132, 162, 232.
ceramensis (Collocalia), 165, 169.
Ceratophyllus, 253-256, 258, 263, 276-278, 293,
294, 343, 344, 358. Ceratopsyllus, 291. Cercyonis, 319. cerigoides (Dasychira), 87, 99.
— (Janassa), 87. cerri (Thecia), 321. Certhia, 334.
cervicalis (Pterodroma), 33. oerviniventris (Pitohui), 132, 152.
— (Rectes), 127, 152. Ceyx, 133, 171, 235. Chaetopsylla, 293. ohalana (Dasychira), 83. chaleea (Iridopsis), 119. Chalcites, 129, 133, 175. Chalcophaps. 185, 193, 206, 207, 244. Chalcostetha, 195, 224. chalcostoma (Euproctis). 79. chalybaeus (Centropus), 202. chalybeocephala (Monarcha), 196. chalybeocephalus (Monarcha), 132, 155, 227. chalybeus (C«ntropus), 190. Charadrius, 186, 187. 245.
charma (Cispia), 99.
Charmosynopsia, 179.
Chazara, 319.
cheela (Euproctis), 64.
cheopis (Xenopsylla). 264, 266.
chionoptera (Diomedea), 38.
chiromelas (Atophoderes), 298.
chironda (Euproctis), 63.
Chlamydotis, 333.
Chlorerythra, 11.
chlorhynchus (Thalassarche), IS.
Chloridea, 326.
chloris (Halcyon), 133, 172, 173.
Chlorissa, 327.
Chloroclystis, 107, 108.
chloronota (Gerygone). 129, 132, 158.
chloroptera (Dasychira), 90.
chloropus (Fulica), 15.
chlororhynchus (Thalassarche), 15, 18-20,39-42.
chlororynchos (Diomedea). 15.
chloroxantha (Micropsitta). 133, 177.
chrysochlora (Chalcophaps), 207.
chrysocoma (Aptenodytes). 15.
chrysocome (Eudyptes), 22.
chrysogaster (Gerygone). 1.32, 158, 229.
chrysomela (Monarcha), 132, 155.
Chrysophanus, 322, 337.
389
chrysopterus (Diphyllodes), 218.
chrysopyga (Craspedosis), 124.
chrysostoraa (Thalassarche), 18, 41.
chrysorrhoea (Euproctis), 325.
chrysotis (Xanthotis), 131, 148, 149, 223.
chubbi (Garrodia), 19, 23.
Cicinnurus, 209, 219.
Cidaria, 329.
Cinclus, 336.
cincta (Euproctis), 66, 73.
cinerascens (Monarcha), 156, 196, 227.
— (Toxorhamphus), 129, 131, 144. cinerea (Adama8tor), 35.
— (Motacilla), 161,231. cinereiceps (Gerygone), 158, 159.
— (Macropygia), 185.
cinereus (Adamastor), 15, 19, 28, 29, 32.
— (Priofinus), 30.
Cinnyris. 130, 131, 143, 150, 189, 195, 208,216,
223, 224. Circaetus, 337. Cirphis, 325.
cirrhocephalus (Aecipiter), 129, ISO, 241. cirtensis (Buteo), 337. Cispia, 99-102. clarkei (Catharacta), 44. Cleopatra (Gonepteryx), 316.
— (Papilio). 316. Cleora, 114, 115. Clivicola, 333.
cludus (Acor\Tius), 366. c-nigrum (Agrotis), 326.
— (Phalaena), 326. cobana (Ethelornis). 1.59.
— (Gerygone), 128, 132, 159. Cobanilla, 81, 82, 102. coccineifrons (Cicinnurus), 219. cochrani (Cinnyris), 131, 150. cocyti (Parapsyllus), 292. coelebs (Euproctis), 74, 75, 102. Coenonympha, 321. Coenotephria, 329. coeruleogrisea (Coracina), 231. eognatus (Stivalius), 355. Colias, 316.
collaris (Uncifer), 373.
CoUix, 105, 106.
Collocalia. 129, 133, 164-170, 199, 200, 232, 233.
Columba, 18,V186, 337.
Comatibis, 333, 337.
coraatus (Dasypsyllus), 358, 360, 361.
eoraeri (Porphyriornis), 43.
commixtata (Iridopsis), 116.
concinna (Ducula), 183, 184.
conigravi (Podargus), 170.
conjuncta (Paida), 325.
conspicillata (Gerygone), 159.
— (Proceliaria), 31.
continentalis (Cotana), 251. contrahens (Numenes), 81. con versa (Catocala), 327.
— Ephesia), 327.
— (Noetua), 327. conversus (AphropsyUa), 293. Coracina, 132, 161, 189, 198, 231, 232. corax (Corvus), 337.
corbetti (Euproctis), 68.
— (Nygmia). 68, 70. corfidii (Parapsyllus), 292. coroli (Xytha), 318.
— (Satyrus), 318. coromandus (Bubulcus), 129, 181. coronata (Goura), 186.
coronoides (Corvus), 131. 138, 193, 216.
coronulatus (Ptilinopus), 241.
corporaali (Araecerus), 304.
Corrodopsylla, 258. 259.
corticcus (Euxoa). 326.
Corvus. 128. 131. 138. 139, 193, 216, 217, 337.
cosmia (Euproctis), 76, 77, 102.
costalis (Dasychira). 83.
costiplaga (Dasychira), 83.
— (Lacida). 83. Cotana. 250, 251. couesi (Garrodia), 23. Cracticus, 132, 151, 195, 225. Crasilogia, 104, 105, Craspediopsis, 2. Craspedosis, 123-125.
crassirostris (Eurytomus), 133, 171, 234.
crataegi (Aporia), 316.
CraterosceUs. 132, 160, 230.
Cratynius, 352-354.
Grex, 42.
crex (Crex). 42.
cristata (Columba), 186.
— (Galerida), 332, 334.
— (Goura), 186.
— (Sterna), 187,207,245. cristatus (Eudyptes). 15, 18, 19, 21.
— (Pandion), 179, 204. Crithagra. 47. croceus (Cblias). 316.
— (Papilio), 316. crucifera (Misthosima). 304. crudelis (Ctenophthalmus), 269. cruentata (Myzomela), 220. Cryptolopha, 158. Ctenocephalides, 352. Ctenocephalua, 293.
Ctenophthalmus, 258, 260, 269, 286-288, 349-
351. C^enophyllus, 280, 283, 352. C^enopsyllus, 291. Cuculus, 174,201,236. cupreata (Nobilia), 2—5.
390
cupreata (Plutodes), 3.
curonicus (Charadrius), 246.
curvata (Doratopsylla), 259.
curvilimes (Craspedosis). 123, 124.
curvispinus (Paradoxopsyllus), 279, 280.
cuspidata (TrichopsyUa), 293.
custodis (Paradoxopsyllus), 279, 280.
cuvieri (TalegaUus), 247.
Cyanalc3'on, 235.
cyanogenia (Eos), 189, 191, 203.
oyanogenys (Eos), 197, 203.
Cyclidia. 90.
eyclopum (Sericornis), 231.
cylindricus (Acorynus). 367.
cyrtus (Oxyderes). 374.
Dacelo, 174.
dacunhae (Pelecanoides), 20, 37, 164.
daplidice (Leucochloe), 316.
— (Papilio), 316. Daption, 16, 20, 35. Dasychira, 83-90, 99, 102 Dasychiroides, 89. dasycnemus (Doratopsylla), 263. Dasypsyllus, 358, 360, 361. daurica (Hirundo). 3.34. deceptornis (Pterodroma). 34. decollatus (Megapodius), 246. decolorata (Cyclidia), 90.
— (Epinephele),321.
— (Pida), 90.
delicatula (Zosterops), 192. delineata (Pantana), 92. Demigretta, 181. Dendrotrogus, 303. denudata (Sitvia), 93. Derrioides, 109.
deserti (Oenanthe). 337. dexithea (Hylemeridia), 125. diamesus (Megalopterus), 46. diaphana (Leucoma), 55. diasporas (Mauna), 108. Dicaeum, 131, 150, 189, 195, 224. dichrous (Pitohui), 226. Dicrurus. 131, 143, 194, 220. didyma (Melitaea), 318. difficilis (Xessiara). 374. diffusemarginata (Zygaena). 324. digramma (Bombyx), 60,
— (Euproctis), 60. - dilectus (Hypseu.s). 377. dimorpha (Xinox). 234. dinonmis (Ctenophtlialmus). 288. Diomedea, 15, 18-20. 37, .38. diophthalmus (Opopsitta), 133, 177. Diphyllodes. 210, 218. 219. diplozona (Dasychira), 87, 102. discirufa (Leucoma), 50.
dispar (Neopsylla). 271. 272. dispersa (Euproctis). 61. dissobapta (Eupithecia). 106. distincta (Epinephele), 321. diversus (Cedus). .301. dividus (Litocerus). 372. divisa (Euproctis), 67.
— (Leucoma), 51, 52. diviseUa (Euproctis). 67. divisata (Striglina). 7. dodsoni (Lanius), 334. domesticus (Passer), 337. Domicella, 237.
dorainicanus (Larus). 20, 43. 44. doniinicus (Charadrius), 186. 245 Doratopsylla. 259. 263. doreya (Macropygia), 185. dorsalis (Alisterus). 1.33. 177.
— (Atophoderes). 298, 299
— (Psittacus), 177. doubledayi (Euschema), 314
— (Hazis), 314.
dovei (Macronectes), 37.
Drepanogv-nis, 109, 110.
dubia (Notolophus). 324. .325.
dubius (Charadrius), 245.
Ducula, 127, 183. 184, 193, 206, 242. 243. 246.
dulciae (Pelagodroma), 23.
dulcis (.Mazuca). 339.
dumasi (Poecilodryas). 229.
dumontii (Mino), 131, 142, 219.
duperreyii (Megapodius). 246.
Dura, 80. 100. 101.
durioides (Imaus), 100.
durus (CeratophyUus), 253.
dysodea (Miselia), 326.
— (Noctua), 326. dysonaria (Psilocerea). 113. Dysphania. 314. dyssenia (Euproctis), 59.
Eclectus, 133, 178. 193. 2o3, 2.37.
ecnomoda (Leucoma), 51.
Ectropis. 114.
editorum (Hylemeridia), 125.
Edoliisoma, 162, 198. 232.
Edolisoma, 128, 129, 132, 161, 162, 189, 198,
232. Edquista, 201. efformata (Anaitis). 329. egerina (Leucoma). 56. Egretta.204. 241. eichhorni (Cotana). 250. electa (.Mauna). 1U9. electo (Colias), 316. elegans (Lanius). 332.
— (Puffinus), 19, 26. elisa (Argynnis), 317.
391
elongata (Apatenia), 298.
Emberiza, 15, 337.
emblicaUs (Brixia), 8.
engis (Temnora), 342.
ennomoides (Scarpona), 81.
Eos, 178, 189, 191, 197, 203, 2.38, 239.
Ephesia, .327.
epinephela (Euproctis). 73, 101.
Epinephele. 320, 321.
epirotica (Euproctis), 65, 102.
equatoris (Ceratophyllus), 343, 344.
eques (Gnnyris), 143.
— (Myzomela). 127, 131, 143. erema (Euproctis), 68, 102. eremita (Comatibis), .333, 337.
— (Ncsocichla), 15, 16, 19, 20, 46. erinacei (Tricliopsylla), 293. ernesti (Falco), 240. ernstmayri (Myzomela), 144. erotica (Xobilia), 4. ervthroides (Brixia), 8. erythromelas (Vanessa), 317. Esacus, 186, 245.
esculenta (Collocalia), 133, 164, 199, 232.
Ethelornis, 159.
Etobema, 92.
Eubleraraa. 326, 327.
eudora (SatjTus), 320.
Eudj-namis, 133, 176.
Eudyptes, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 22.
Eulabeomis, 187.
eumolpi (C-eratophyllus), 253.
eumorpha (Euproctis), 77, 101.
euphrantiea (Hypochrosis), 110.
Euphyia, 329.
Eupithecia, 106, 107, 328.
Euproctis, 52, 57-79, 92, 101, 102, 325.
eurema (Hylemeridia), 125.
eurymelanotes (Hylemeridia), 125.
Eurystomus, 133, 171, 200, 234.
Euschema, 314.
euteles (Ceratophyllus), 277, 278.
eutiches (Iridopsis). 118.
Eu.\oa. .326.
evidens (ftenoplithalmus), 349, 351.
exasperatus (Oceanitis), 24.
escelsa (Collocalia), 165, 169.
excelsior (Argyrmis). 317, 318.
excubitor (Lanius). 332, 334.
exigua (Laphygma), 325.
— (Noctua), 325. Exillis, 302.
eximius (Thalassarche), 39. exotasis (Craspedosis), 125. exoticus (Hoplopsyllus), 343. exsul (Gymnophaps), 243.
— (Pelccanoides), 38. extenuata (Chlorerythra), 11.
externa (Pterodroma), 20, 24, 33. exulans (Diomcdea). 15, 18-20, 37, 38.
faceta (Euproctis), 79.
Falco, 240, 333, 337.
fallax (Glycichaera), 129, 131, 146, 147, 221.
— (Leptopsylla), 257. fasciatus (Anthribus), 383.
— (Ceratophyllus), 256. fascicularis (Hypseua), 377, 378. fathmaria (Eupithecia), 328.
— (Sterrha), ,328.
feae (Pterodroma), 33, 34. feisthameli (Papilio), 315. felis (Ctenocephalides), 352. fenestrata (Leucoma), 51. fenestratus (Acorynus), 369. fenestriculata (Aroa), 80. ferruginea (Sericomis), 129, 132, 160. ferrugineus (Pitohui), 132, 152, 226. festiva (Apatenia), 376. festivus (Xcssiodocus), 301. fettigi (Coenonympha), 321. fidia (Satyrus), 319. filholi (Eudj'ptes), 22. firabriatus (Ceratophyllus), 278 fixa (Synthyraia), 327. flammula (Milionia), 122. Bavescens (Leucoma), 52, 53.
— (Redoa). 52.
flavida (Meliphaga), 147, 222.
flavifusata (Hypochrosis), 110.
flaviventer (Machaerirhynchus), 132, 160.
flaviventris (Serinus), 47.
8avociliata (Euproctis), 64.
flavolimbata (Euproctis), 73.
flavolimbatulana (Euproctis), 77.
flavovirescens (Microeca), 132, 157, 210, 229.
flora (Leucoma), 56.
forsteri (Macronectes), 37.
francica (Ctollocalia), 1647-170.
franseni (Xoctua), 171. fraterculus (Henieopernis), 239.
Fregetta, 19,25, 26.
Fregettornis. 19. 24-26, 33.
frenata (Cinnyris), 131, 150, 195, 223.
frenatus (Oxyderes), 374.
freycinct (Megapodius). 127, 187, 188, 193, 207,
246. frontalis (Hirundo), 132, 163, 232. Frontopsylla, 278, 281. fuciphaga (Collocalia), 164^168. Fulica, 15.
fuliginosa (Diomedea), 15. fulvissima (Carcharodus), 323. fulvitincta (Iridopsis). 117. fulvus (Charadrius). 186, 245. fumida (Carpophaga), 183.
392
fuinosa (Euproctis), 70, 72.
— (Rhipidura), 216, 228. funeralis (Euproctis), 71, 72. fusca (Gerygone), 159.
— (Phoebetria), 15. 18-20, 39, 41.
— (Zosterops), 128, 159. fuscata (Eos), 238, 239. fuscioapilla (Zosterops), 192. fuscicapillus (Macrocorax). 128. 131, 139. fuscirostris (Talegallus). 247. fusoiventris (Xanthotis), 131. 148, 149. fuscovenosa (Stcrrha), 328.
fuscus (Ptilotis), 159.
galapagensis (Anoiis), 45. galatea (Tanysiptera), 133, 172. galathea (Melanargia), 320, 337. Galerida, 332, 334, 337. galerita (Cacatua), 133.
— (Kakatoe), 176-202, 237. galilejensis (Apus), 333, 334. galinara (Lymantria), 87, 98, 99. Gallicolumba, 185, 208, 244. gallicus (Circaetus), 337. Gallinula, 16.
gallinulae (Ceratophyllus), 358. gamma (Phalaena), 327.
— (Phj-tometra), 327. ganaha (Lymantria), 94. ganara (Lymantria), 96. ganaroides (Lymantria), 98. Ganoris, 316.
gardneri (Mecotropis), 305. garei (Ceratopliyllus), 258. Garrodia. 19, 23. gar/etta (Egretta), 241. gaudichaud (Dacelo), 174.
— (Sauroraerptis). 127. 1.33, 174, 235. geelvinkiana (Carpophaga), 188, 206.
— (Ducula), 193, 206.
— (Globicera), 183, 184.
— (Micropsitta), 189, 191, 197, 202.
— (Monarcha), 196, 227.
— (Xasiterna), 188, 202. geelvinkianum (Dicaeum), 189, 195. 224. geelvinkianus (Megapodius), 207, 245, 246.
— (Monarcha), 227. geislerorum (Ailuroedus). 219. geminus (Ptilinopiis), 241. gentilis (Accipeter), 138.
geoffroyi (Geoffroyus), 133, 177, 203, 2.37. Geoffroyus, 130, 133, 177, 178, 203, 237. Geometra, 329, 330. georgiata (Panaethia), 314. germani (CoUocalia), 164. germanorum (Meliphaga), 222. Gerygone, 128-130, 132,158, 159, 192, 197,209 210, 229, 230.
Geusibia, 280, 282, 283.
gibba (Xessiara), 373.
giganteus (Macronectes), 15, 20, 36, 37.
gilberti (Anous). 45.
girrenera (Haliastur), 179, 204, 239.
giulianettii (Pliylloscopus). 197.
glacialis (Hoplopsyllus), 253, 343.
glacialoidcs (Procellaria), 16.
glareola (Tringa), 187.
Globicera, 183.
Glycichaera, 129, 131, 146. 147, 221.
Gnamptoloma. 12.
goliath (Probosciger), 177.
Gonanticlea, 103. 104.
Gonepteryx, 316, 317.
gonycrota (Polyclysta), 104.
gordoni (Xesocichla), 20, 46, 47.
gouldi (Pterodroma), 32.
Goura, 186, 192, 209, 245.
gracilentus (Acorynus), 366.
graculus (Pyrrhocorax), 334.
grallaria (Fregetta). 25.
— (Fregettornis), 19, 24, 25, 33. grandidieri (Temnora), 342. gravis (Ardenna), 18, 19, 27.
— (Pterodroma), 35. griseicauda (Rhipidura). 156.
griseiceps (Pachycephala). 132. 153. 154. 208
227. griseipalpis (CoUix), 105. griseola (Paida). 325. griseoniger (Acorynus). 365. griseosticta (Muscicapa), 157, 229. griseotincta (Reinwardtoena), 185, 244. grossa (Dasychira). 87.
— (Sphinctotropis), 295. grumosa (Apatenia), 375. guadarramensis (Hesperia), 324. guianensis (Tardus), 15. guUlelmi-tertii (Diphyllode.s). 219. gularis (Rhipidura), 132, 1.56. 228. gurneyi (Spizaetus), 179. 239. guttula (Monarcha). 132, 155, 227. guttulata (Euproctis). 78. gwyni (Rhopalopsyllus), 292. Gymnocorvus. 139, 216, 217. Gymnophaps. 243. Gymnoscelis, 329, 330. Gynaephora, 80.
habeniohti (Pitta), 163. 232.
hades (Myzomela), 144.
haemagrapha (Mazuca), .339-341.
haematodus (Psittacus), 239.
— (Trichogloasus), 178, 179, 204, 239.
Halcyon, 133, 1.56, 172, 173, 201, 209. 235.
Haliaetus, 138, 179.
haliaetus (Pandion). 179, 204.
393
Haliastur, 179, 204, 239. halli (Macronectes), 37. halmaheira (Columba), 185. hamza (Adophaea), 323.
— (Hesperia), 323. harcocki (Larentia), 103. hapala (Euproctis), 61, 102. haploancala (Iridopsis), 120, 121. Harapa. 82.
harmonia (Psilocerea), 112, 113.
harterti (Zygaena), 336.
hawaiiensis (Xenopsylla), 264^-266.
Hazis, 314.
helioe (C'olias), 316.
helictus (Sphinctotropis), 296.
hemibathes (Euproctis). 76, 77.
hemicyclia (Euproctis). 63.
Hemiprocne, 133, 163, 198. 232.
Henicopernis, 179, 239.
Henicophaps, 128, 186. 244.
hero.s (Plocopsylla), 345.
Hesperia. 323. 324.
hetera (Amphipsylla), 261.
heteromorpha (Larentia), 103.
Heterostegane, 126.
hilgerti (Galerida), 332.
hipparia (Leucoma), 52.
Hippolais, 337.
liirundinacea (Collooalia), 165, 167-169, 233.
Hirundo. 132, 163, 232. 334, 337.
hirundo (Sterua), 15.
hispanica (Oenanthe), 333, 337.
hispulla (Epinephele), 321.
— (Papilio), 321. holerythra (Rectes), 226. liolerythrus (Pitohui), 226. hoili (Coenonympha), 321. homalis (Oxyderes), 374. liomochroa (Oenanthe), 337. horaoeus (Trichopsylla), 267. 293. honora (Neopsylla), 285. Hoplopsyllus, 253, 343. horsfieldii (Arctia), 85.
— (Dasychira), 85. Hucus, 301, 308. humeralis (Xinox), 133, 171.
— (Ptilinopus), 182,241. liuraida (Euproctis), 74. huonensis (Megapodius), 246. huttoni (Phoebetria), 42. hybridus (Myiolestes), 226.
hydrocharis (Tanysiptera), 133, 172, 192, 201.
Hylemera, 125, 126.
Hylemeridia, 125.
hyperythra (Rhipidura), 228.
liyphaema (Brixia), 7.
Hypochrosis, 110, 111.
hypocrita (Dendrotrogus), 303.
hypogrammata (Polyclysta), 104. hypoleuca (Pclagodroma), 23.
— (Poecilodryas), 132, 157. hypoleucos (Actitis). 187, 207, 245. hypolispa (Euproctis), 70, 71, 101 hypopyrrha (Derrioides), 109. hypoxantlia (Gerygone), 192. Hypseus, 377, .378. hypsinephes (Iridopsis), 117. Hystrichopsylla, 257, 263.
ibis (Bubulcus), 129. 181. icarus (Lycaena), 322. icelomorpha (Euproctis), 69. icon (Litotropis), 381. ida (Epinephele), 321.
— (Papilio), 321. Ignobilia, 2.
ilicis (Thecla), 321. iliolophus (Melilestes). 221.
— (Toxorhamphus), 129, 131, 144, 145, 221. Iraaus, 100.
impavida (Thalassarche), 39. impressa (Caragola), 57.
— (Cavira), 57.
— (Leucoma), 57. ineana (Tringa), 187. incauus (Rhaphitropis), 311. incerta (Campephaga), 232.
— (Pterodroma), 20, 33. incertum (Edolisoraa). 129, 132, 162, 232. inclusa (Dasychira), 86, 87. incondita (Eos), 238, 239. incurva (Palaeopsylla), 270, 357. indica (Chalcophaps), 193, 206, 207. indicus (Butastur), 179.
— (Rhaphitropis). 312.
indus (Haliastur), 179, 204, 239. inexphcata (Chloroclystis), 108. infaustus (Cacomantis), 133, 174, 202, 236. infirmus (Litocerus). 371, 372. inframaculata (Coenonymplia), 321. infuscata (CoUocaUa). 165, 168-170. iniqua (Sphinctotropis). 296. innominatus (Fregettornis), 25. innupta (Euproctis), 75, 102. inornata (Calornis), 194. inornatus (Aplonis), 194. insulanus (Hucus), 3US. insularia (Psilocerea). 113. insularis (Arses), 208, 227.
— (Crithagra), 47. intercedens (Catharacta), 44. iuterjectus (Eudyptes), 22. intermedia (Egretta), 204. intermedius (Trichoglossus), 179. internirufus (Carcharodus), 323. lonornis, 20, 48,
394
iozonus (Ptilinopus), 182, 241. Iridopsis. 116, 121. Isabella (Stiltia), 186. isabellina (Euproctis). 71.
— (Porthesia), 71. Ixobrychus, 181.
jacobi (Psiloeerea), 113. jacobsoni (Stivalius), 355. Janassa, 87. Janthothorax, 141. japonicus (Tropideres). 372. 373. javana (Euproctis), 65, 66, 102. javanica (Hirundo), 163. javanicus (Butorides), 181.
— (Paraceras), 267, 352, 354. javanus (Stivalius), 355, 356, javensis (C'oUocalia), 164, 167, 169. jerdoni (Charadrius). 245. jobiense (Dicaeum), 224. jobiensis (Carpophaga), 243.
— (C^ntropus), 236.
— (Chalcostetha), 224.
— (Diphyllodes), 218,
— (Domicella), 237.
— (Ducula), 243.
— (Gallicolumba), 208, 244,
— (Geoffroyus), 178, 237.
— (Lorius), 237.
— (Manucodia), 217.
— (Megapodius), 245.
— (Melidora), 174, 2.35.
— (Pachycephala), 154, 208, 227,'
— (Paradisaea), 216, 218.
— (Paradisea), 218.
— (Philemon), 208, 223,
— (Pitohui), 208. 216, 225.
— (Ptilinopus), 241,
— (Rhectes), 225.
— (Sericornis). 216, 230, 231.
— (Talegallus). 208, 247.
— (Tropidorhynchus), 223. josephina (Xotolophus), 324. jugularis (Cinnyris), 131, 150, 195, 223. jurtina (Epinephele), 321.
Kakatoe, 176, 202, 237, kalischata (C'idaria), 329.
— (Coenotephria), 329, kanshireia (Euproctis). 65. keiensis (Jlicropsitta), 133, 177. kermadecensis (Puffinus), 27. kerstingi (Macropygia), 185, 244. kejteli (Pachyptila), 15, 18, 20, 36. kinta (Lyniantria), 97, 101.
kirhocephalus (Pitohui), 132, 152, 208. 216, 225. klossi (.Stivalius), 352, 3.55. kohauti (Palaeopsylla). 261-263.
kopstcini (Neopsylla), ,356. kubaryi (Sauromarptis), 174. kuehni (Xanthotis), 149.
labda (Rhodomctra), 329. Lacida, 83,91. lactea (Leucoma), 50.
— (Redoa), 50. Laelia, 82, 83, 101. laetifica (Gonanticlea), 104, laglaizei (C:vsuarius), 247, lagrangei (Tunga). 248. Lalage, 129, 132, 163, 192, lambessanus (Satyrus). 319. lambessata (Acidalia), 328.
— (Sterrha), ,328. Lampides, 322. Lanius, 332, 334. Laphygma, 325. Larentia, 103.
Larus, 20, 43, 44, 333, 335. lathonia (ArgjTinis), 318. 338.
— (Papilio). 318. laticoUis (Litocerus), 369. laticornis (Androeeras), 310, latifascia (Euproctis), 52. lavatherae (Carcharodus), 323.
— (Papilio), 323.
laxata (Palaeopsylla), 356, 357. lepcha (Lymantria), 98, 99. lepidus (C«yx), 133, 171, 235. Leptopsylla, 257-259, 263, 291. leschenaulti (Charadrius), 186. lessoni (Alcyone), 133, 171.
— (Pterodroma). 33. lessonii (Alcyone). 200. leucas (Sintor), 379, Leucochloe, 316. leucogaster (Fregettomis). 25.
— (Haliaetus). 179. Leucoma. 49—57, 102. leucophleba (Euproctis), 67, 102. leucophrys (Rhipidura). 156, 196, 228. leucopyga (Oenanthe), 332. leucopygia (CoUocalia). 169. leucorhynchus (Artamus), 132, 154,
— (Pitohui), 132, 152.
— (Rectes), 128, 1.52. leucosomus (Accipiter), 180, 204, 240, leucura (Oenanthe), 337. Iherminieri (Puffinus), 26, 27, Lichmera, 131, 147, 154, 1.56. ligaminosa (Autophila), 327,
— (Spinthcrops), 327. limbata (Artaxa). 58.
— (Autotropis), 304.
— (Euproctis), 58.
— (Pida), 90.
395
limbata (Portliesia), 58.
limbatus (Huois), 308.
lincata (Coraoina). 1.32, 161, 189, 198.
lineosa (Etobema), 92.
— (Pantana). 92. linta (Artaxa), 76.
— (Euproctis), 76. lipara (Brixia), 9. Liparis, 93. Lissoblemma, 2. lithosiodes (Amsacta), 79.
— (Aroa). 79, 80. Litocerus, 296, 369-372. Litotropis, 381.
livia (Columba), ,337.
Lomographa, 126.
longicauda (Henicopernis), 179, 239.
— (Talegallus). 247. longiceps {Zygaenodes}, 307. longicornis (Exillis). 302. lonnbergi (Catharacta), 44. Lophorina, 128, 141. loreyi (Cirphis), 325.
— (Xoctua), 325. lori (Domicella), 237. Loriculus, 129, 130, 178. Loriiis, 178, 192, 237. lory (Lorius). 178, 237. lotteri (Papilio). 315. loxosira (Ectropis), 114. liictiiosa (Acontia), 326,
— (Phalaena), 326. lugens (Oenanthe), 3.32. lunulata {Cotana}, 251. lutulentaria (Sterrlia), 328. lyauteyi (Argynnis), 317. 318. 337, 338. Lycaena, 322, 323.
lycaon (Epinephele), .320. lyclene (Euproctis), 63. lyllus (Coenonympha), 321.
— (Papilio), 321, Lyinantria, 87, 9,3-102. lynesi (Parus), 334.
lynx (Hoplopsyllus), 253, 343.
maccormicki (Catharacta). 44. Machaerirhynchus, 128, 132, 160. machaon (Papilio), 315. mackloti (Pitta), 132, 163, 232. Macrocorax, 128, 131, 139, 217. macrolopha (Cacatua), 133.
— (Kakatoe), 176, 202. macrolophiis (Plyctolophus), 176. Macronectes. 15, 16, 20, 36, 37. macroptera (Pterodroma), 18-20, 32, 35. Macropygia, 185, 189, 206, 244. macrorhina (Melidora), 133, 174, 235. macrorhynchus (Butorides), 181.
Macruropsar, 189, 191, 194, 197. raacnirus (Caprimulgus), 133, 170, 233. maculosa (Panaethia), 314. madida (Apatenia), 375. maeandrinus (Myiolestes), 226. maera (Papilio), 320.
— (Parage), 320. mafoorana (Pitta), 188, 198. raaforense (Dicaeum). 189, 195, maforensis (Campephaga), 198.
— (Chalcostetha), 195,
— (Cinnyris), 189, 195,
— (C'oracina), 189, 198.
— (Eclectus), 203.
— (Gerygone), 197,
— (.Macropj'gia), 185, 189, 206.
— (Phylloscopus), 189, 191, 197. magnifica (Diphyllodes), 210.
— (Megaloprepia), 183, 242. magnificus (Diphyllodes), 218, magnirostris (Esacus), 186, 245.
— (Ethelornis), 159.
— (Gerygone), 128, 130, 132, 159, 209, 230.
— (Sericornis), 216, 230, 231. magnus (Macruropsar), 191, 194, 197. niaja (Argynnis), 317.
major (Chazara), 319.
— (Lorius), 178,
— (Parus), 334.
— (Satyrus), 319, 338, Malachitis, 90.
malayanus (Chalcites), 129, 133, 175, Mannia, 330.
Manucodia. 131, 140, 217. maoriana (Pelagodroma), 23. raarchicus (Rhaphitropis), 311. marcusi (Megalopterus), 46. Mardara, 90, 102. margaritosa (Euxoa), 326.
— (Noctua). 326. marginalis (Leucoma), 55.
— (Lymantria), 99.
— (Redoa), 55. marginata (Cobanilla), 82.
— (Coenonympha), 321.
— (Lj'mantria), 94, marginatus (Tropidorhynchus), 149. marginipunctata (Geometra), 328.
— (Phalaena), 328.
— (Scopula), ,328,
marina (Pelagodroma), 16. 19, 23. marmoreus (Mecotropis), 362. maroccana (Epinephele), 320.
— (Satyrus), 318, 319. marrubii (Carcharodus), 323.
— (PamphiUi), 323. martinica (lonornis), 20. 48. mathura (Lymantria), 95.
396
Mauna. 108. 109. maura (Papilio). 315. mauritanica (Aporia), 316.
— (Epinephcle),320.
— (Ganoris), 316.
— (Melitaea), 31S.
— (Pieris), 316.
— (Riparia), 336.
— (Satyrus), 320.
— (Thecla), 321. mauritanicus (Turdus), 337. maxima (Papilio), 315. mayri (Collocalia), 165, 168. Mazuca, 339-3'il. meade-waldoi (Melanargia), 320, 337.
— (Parage), 320. Mecotropis, 301, 305, 362. mediterranea (Carduelis), 334. Megaloprepia, 183, 2-12. Megalopterus, 16, 17, 20, 46. megalorhynchos (Tanygnathus), 133. megalorhynchus (Tanygnathus). 177. Megapodius, 127, 187, 188, 193, 207, 245, 246. megarhynchus (Corvus), 128, 139.
— (Macrocorax), 128, 131, 139.
— (MelUestes), 128, 131, 145, 221.
— (Jlyiolestes). 153, 208, 226.
— (Pitohui), 132.
— (llhamphomantis), 129, 1.33, 175, 176. megera (Papilio), 320.
— (Parage), 320.
meisei (Gerygone), 129, 132, 158. melaleuca (Rhipidura), 156, 196, 228. melampus (Aeorynus), 365. melan (Edoliisoma). 232.
— (Edolisoma), 129, 132, 161, 162, 232. Melanargia, 320, 337. melanocephalus (Larus), 333, 335. Melanocharis, 131, 151. 224, 225. melanoehlora (Malachitis), 90. melanogaster (Fregetta), 19, 26. melanogenys (Anous), 16. melanoleuca (Fregettornis), 19. 26. melanoleucus (Phalacrocorax), 181, 204. melanophris (Diomedea), 15.
— (Thalassarche), 20, 39. melanops (Coracina). 161. melanotus (Monarcha), 132, 155. melantera (Laelia), 83. melanura (Myristicivora), 185. Melidora, 133, 174, 235. Melilestes, 128. 131, 145, 221. melinus (Paraceras), 267. MeHphaga, 131, 147, 148, 158, 210, 222. melis (Paraceras), 267.
Melitaea, 318.
menbeki (Centropus), 236.
mendosa (Dasychira), 83, 84.
mendosa (Olene), 83! meone (Papilio). 320.
— (Parage), 320.
meridionalis (Cionepteryx), 316, 317.
Merops. 171. 200. 2,34.
merula (Turdus). 337.
metallica (Aplonis), 129. 131. 142.
metaUicus (Aplonis), 194. 220.
metazosta (Milionia), 122.
Metoptnia. 327.
meyeri (Edolisoma), 198.
— (Myzomela). 144, 220.
— (Pitohui). 226.
— (Tanysiptera), 172, 20l.
— (Xanthotis). 149. 223. meyerianus (Accipiter). 208. 240.
— (Astur), 240. micacea (Leucoma). 5G.
— (Redoa). 56.
mieans (Collocalia). 164. 165.
Microeca. 132, 157. 210, 229.
Microgonia. 113. 114.
Micropsitta. 130. 1.33. 177, 189, 191, 197, 202.
miegi (Papilio). 315.
Milionia, 122.
militaris (Dyspliania). 314.
— (Euschema). 314. mimikae (Gerygone). 159. minima (Chaleophaps), 193, 206. minimus (PtUinopus), 128, 182. Mino, 131. 142, 219.
Minois, 319. minor (Goura), 186.
— (Paradisaea), 216, 218.
— (Paradisea), 209, 218.
— (Zosterops), 208, 225. minutissima (Euproctis), 63. minutus (Megalopterus), 20, 46. miqueli (Ptilinopus), 216, 224. 242. mirabilis (Janthothorax). 141.
— (Stenischia). 288-290. miriclava (Atophoderes). 299. Miselia, 326.
misoriense (Dicaeum). 195. misoriensis (Accipiter). 204.
— (Phylloscopus), 191, 198. Misthosima, 304.
mixta (Procellaria), 31. moalata (Euproctis), 67. modesta (Autotropis), 304. modicus (Caccorliinus). 382.
— (aenophthalmus), 349-351 .
— (Oxyderes), 374. moesta (Oenanthe), 332. mollis (Oestrelata). 16.
— (Pterodroma), 20, 33, 34. moluccarum (Butorides), 181, 204. 241.
— (CoUocalia), 165, 169.
I
397
moluccarum (Xessiara), 374. mohiccus (Threskiornis). 180. Monarcha. 132, 155. 156, 192, 196, 227. mongolus (Charadrius), 187. raonilifera (Heterostegane), 126. monogramma (Metoptnia), 327. montana (Meliphaga), 210, 222. montium (Cotana), 251. raorio (Edolisoma), 189, 198. Morphocera, 380. moseleyi (Eudypte.s), 15, 19, 21. mossi (Iridop.sis), 116, 117. Motaoilla, 161,231,336. miilleri (Rhipidura), 228. munda (Euproctis), 67.
— (Imaus), 100. immdellus (Acorynus), 366. mundus (Imaus). 100. niurina (Paida), 325.
murinus (C'raterosoelis), 132, 160, 230. Muscicapa. 157, 229, 337.
musschenbroekii (Ptilinopus), 182, 205, 206, 208, 242.
— (PtUopus), 188, 205, 242. mustelae (C«ratophyUus), 293, 294. Myiagra, 189-191, 193, 196, 197. Myiolestes, 128, 1.53, 192, 208,226. Myristicivora, 185, 243. myristicivora (Columba), 183.
— (Ducela), 183, 184. 193, 206, 246. mysoriensis (Geoffroyus), 203.
— (Zosterop.s), 192.
raystacea (Hemiprocne), 133, 163, 198, 232. Myzomela, 127, 129-131, 143, 144, 192, 193. 210, 220.
nanus (Ptilinopus), 128, 182, 183. narindra (L3'mantria), 96. Nasiterna, 188, 202. nasutus (Oxj'deres), 374. naumanni (Falco), 333, neaera (Hylemera), 126. nebulosa (Nobilia), 1, 3. neglecta (Gerygone), 128, 132, 158. neglectum (Edoliisoma). 198.
— (Edolisoma), 189, 198. nehrkorni (Edoliisoma). 162.
— (Edolisoma), 128, 132, 162. nelvai (Satyrus), 319. Nemoria, 327.
Neopsylla, 271, 272, 284-286, 356. nephotessares (Iridopsis), 117, 118. neptunaria (Gnamptoloma), 12.
— (Timandra), 12.
— (Traminda). 12. nereis (Garrodia), 19, 23. nesiotes (Xenopsylla), 264—266. nesiotis (Gallinula), 16.
nesiotis (Porphyriornis), 19, 20, 43. Nesocichla. 15-20, 46, 47. Nesospiza, 15-20, 47, 48. Nessiara, 302, 373, 374. Nessiodocus, 301, 308, 309. nevadensis (Pararge). 320.
— (Satyrus), 319.
nicobarica (Caloenas), 186. 207, 244. nigerrima (Craspedosis), 125. nigra (Melanoeharis), 131, 151, 224.
— (Zygaena), 324. nigrans (Acorynus), 365. nigripes (Egretta), 241. nigrirostris (Macropygia). 244. nigriscapularis (CirmjTis), 208. 216, 224. nigrita (Myzomela), 129-131, 144, 210, 220. nigrivertex (Rhipidura), 228. nigrocyanea (Halcyon). 209, 235. nigromaculata (Psilocerea). 112.
Ninox, 133, 170, 171,234. niphobola (Leucoma), 55. 102. niten.s (Collocalia), 200. nivalis (ttenophthalmus), 286. nivosa (Leucoma), 56. Nobilia, 1-6. Noctua, 171. 325-327. notata (Gerygone). 158.
— (Meliphaga), 131, 147, 148, 158, 222. Nothylemera, 125, 126. Notolophus. 324, 325.
novaegiiineae (Philemon). 131, 149, 208, 223.
— (Pitta), 130, 132, 163, 188, 198, 210.
— (Toxorhamphus), 130, 131, 145, 221. novaehollandiae (Accipiter), 180, 193, 204, 240.
— (C'oracina). 161. nubicus (Xenopsylla). 264. nubilosa (Euproctis), 76. nucula (Orgyia), 78. nuda (Bombyx), 57.
— (Perina), 57, Numenes, 81. Numenius, 187, 245. nuniida (Hesperia), 323. numidica (Euphyia), 329. Xycticorax, 181. Nygmia. 68. nymphaea (Catoeala), 327.
— (Ephesia), 327.
— (Noctua), 327. N3^ha, 318.
oberthiiri (Iridopsis), 119. obliquata (Iridopsis), 116, 117, obliterata (Nobilia), 1-3. oblitus (Cacomantis), 202. obseura (Aplonis), 131, 142.
— (Artaxa), 77.
— (Euproctis), 77.
398
obscura (Rectes), 226. obscuratus (Cacomantis), 202. obscurus (Myiolestes), 153, 208, 226. obsoleta (Clivicola), 333.
— (Lymantria), 93.
— (Riparia), 332, 335. obtusa (Cassidia), 80. oceidentalis (Melitaea), 318.
— (Paracydas), 252. occipitalis (Casuarius), 247. occitanica (Melitaea), 318. occlusata (Gonanticlea), 104. ooeanica (Oceauites), 19. oceanicus (Oceanitis), 23. Oceanites, 19, 23, 24. ocellata (Traminda), 11. ocellatus (Podargus), 133, 170, 233. ochripes (Caragola), 57.
— (Caviria), 57.
— (Stilnoptia), 57. ochrogaster (Alcyone), 234. ochrophaea (Cispia), 99, 101. oedicnemus (Burhinus). 333. Oedistoma, 129-131, 146. Oenanthe, 332, 333, 337. oenanthe (Oenanthe), 332. Oestrelata, 16.
ofella (Phaulimia), 378. Olene, 83.
olivaceus (Phylloscopus), 197. olsoufieffae (PsUocerea), 113. olympia (OinnjTis), 150. Omiza, 4. Oncopsylla, 293. onopordi (Hesperia), 323. oorti (Ailuroedus), 142. opaca (Hippolais), 337. operta (Basitropis), 382. Opopsitta, 133, 177. optatus (Cuculus), 174, 236. optica (Xessiara), 374. opulentus (Physopterus), 362. orana (Thaumatopoea), 324.
— (Zygaena), 336. oranaria (Mannia), 330.
— (Tephronia), 330. ordinatus (Mecotropig), 362. oreosaiira (Euproctis), 66. orestera (Lymantria), 97, 102. Organopoda, 314.
Orgya, 324, 325.
Orgyia, 78,84,91,92, 102.
orgyioides (Euproctis), 78.
orientalis (Eurystomus), 133, 171, 200, 234.
Oriolus, 130, 131, 142,210.
ormea (Euproctis), 66.
ornata (Lycaena), 322.
ornatus (Merops), 171, 200, 234.
orphnaea (Porthesia), 58. 101.
orru (Corvus), 138, 193, 216.
Orthoserica, 2.
Orvasca, 57.
osseata (Dasychira), 84, 85.
— (Orgyia), 84. ostrina (Eublemma), 326.
— (Noctua), 326. ostrinaria (Phalaena), 328.
— (Sterrha), ,328. Otus, 192, 193.
ovatus (Physopterus). 363. Oxyderes, 374. Ozotomerus, 304.
Pachycephala, 132, 153, 154, 156, 193, 195, 205,
208. 227. Pachyptila, 15, 18-20, 36. pacificus (Eurystomus). 171, 183, 200, 234. Paida, 325.
Palaeopsylla, 261, 263, 270, 271, 352, 356, 357. pallescens (Iridopsis), 116, 117. pallida (Glycichaera), 129, 131, 146.
— (Melanocharis). 131, 151.
— (Hippolais), 337.
— (Traminda), 11. pallidas (Hucus), 301.
— (Pitohui), 152. pallipes (PrioceUa), 29. palpebrata (Phoebetria), 18, 42. palpebrosa (Gerygone), 132, 159, 210, 230. paludicola (Riparia), 336.
Pamphila, 323.
pamphilus (Coenonympha), 321.
Panaethia, 314.
Pandion. 179, 204.
panopla (Iridopsis), 120, 121.
Pantana, 92, 93.
panthera (Dura), 101.
Papilio, 315-323.
papuanus (Accipiter), 129, 180, 241.
— (Falco), 240.
papuensis (Artamus), 132, 154.
— (Coraeina), 232.
— (Podargus), 133, 170, 200, 233. Paraceras, 267-269, 352, 354. Paracydas, 252.
Paradisaea, 127. 131, 140, 216, 218.
Paradisea, 128, 140, 141, 209, 218.
ParadoxopsyUus, 279, 280.
Pararge, 320.
Parallelia. 327.
Paraphloeobius, .303.
Parapsyllus, 292.
parcus (Ctenophthalmus), 286-288.
parumsignatus (Xylinades), 306,
Parus, 334.
parva (Eublemma), 326.
399
parva (Noctua). 326.
parvirostris (Procellaria), 33.
Passer, 337.
pectorale (Dicaeum), 131, 150.
pectoralis (Eclectus), 133, 178, 203, 237.
— (Pachycephala), 205.
— (Ptilinopus), 182, 206, 242. Pelagodroma, 16. 19, 23. Pelecanoides, 20, 37, 38. pelopicta (Euproctis), 71-73, 102. peltigera (Chloridea), 326.
— (Phalaena), 326. Peltops, 132, 155. pendleburyi (Lymantria), 95, 102.
— (Morphocera), 380.
— (Paraceras), 267-269, 354. penestica (Betousa), 7. penetrans (Tunga), 248. 249. penicilla (Gonanticlea), 103. penicilliger (Ainphipsylla), 293.
— {Ceratophyllus), 253, 256, 258, 263, 293.
— (Pulex), 293, 294.
— (Trichopsylla). 293. pennatula (Bombyx), 85.
— (Dasyehira), 85. pentacanthus (Rhadinopsylla), 289. peperites (Euproctis), 72, 73, 102. peregrinus (Faico). 240. perfecta (Leucoma), 51.
— (Redoa). 51. peribalius (8intor), 379. Perina, 57.
perlatus (Ptilinopus), 182, 242.
pernegleeta (Pachycephala), 164.
perplexa (Euproctis), 69, 70.
perquisita (Mauna), 108.
persiiuilis (Basitropis), 382.
phaedra (Cobanilla), 81, 102.
phaeochiton (C'oUix), 105.
phaeonota (Pachycephala), 132, 154, 156, 193,
195. phaeopus (Numenius), 187, 245. phaeorrhoea (Euproctis), 325. Phalacrocorax, 181,204. Phalaena, 324-330. phasmatodes (Leucoma), 55. phaula (Brixia). 8.
— (Euproctis), 71, 101. Phaulimia, 378. Philemon, 130, 131, 149, 208. philemon (Xanthotis), 149, 223. philippinensis (Sintor), 379. phloeas (Chrysophanus), 322.
— (Papilio), 322. Phloeobius. 299.
phloeochroa (Euproctis), 75, 102. phobos (Plocopsylla), 345. phoebe (Melitaea), 318.
Phoebetria, 15, 18-20, 41, 42. phoebus (Chrysophanus), 337. phrika (Leucoma), 53. 54, 102. Phylloscopus, 189-191, 197, 198. Physopterus, 362, 363. Phytometra, 327. picaria (Craspedosis), 125. Pida, 90. Pieris, 316. pileatus (Anous). 45. pinon (Carpophaga), 243.
— (Columba), 184.
— (Ducula), 127, 184, 243. Pitohui. 132, 152, 208, 216, 225, 226. Pitta, 130, 132, 163, 188, 198, 210, 232. pityata (Rhoptria), 330. pityocampa (Phalaena), 324.
— (Thaumatopoea), 324. placentis (Charmosynopsis), 179. placida (Gerygone), 158. plagiata (Anaitis), 329.
— (Euproctis). 61, 62, 102. plastus (.Atoporhis), 364. platensis ( Rhopalopsyllus), 292. Platycercus, 177.
plicatus (Rhyticeros), 133, 171, 234. pUnthochroa (Brixia), 9. Plocopsylla, 345, 346. plumbeigularis (Anous), 45, plumifera (Egretta). 204. pluto (Myzomela), 144, 220. Plutodes, 3, 4. Plyctolophus. 176. podalirius (Papilio). 315. Podargus. 133, 170, 200, 233. Poecilodryas, 132, 157, 229. poecilonipha (Leucoma), 54, 102. poecilurus (Chalcites), 129, 133, 175. poikilosterno.s (Zanthotis), 149. poliocephalus (Accipiter), 180. 240.
— (Phylloscopus), 197. poUionis (Litocerus), 370. polychloros (Vanessa), 317. Polyclysta, 104, 105. polygramma (Ptilotis). 127. 149.
— (Xanthotis), 131. 149. pol's'terpes (Brixia), 10. Porph.vriornis, 15. 17, 19, 20, 43. Porthe.sia, 57, 58, 71. 101. postfusca (Dasyehira), 88. postiea (Lacida), 91.
— (Orgyia),91. postnigra (Euproctis), 66, 68. praecurrens (Euproctis), 78. prasinorrhous (Ptilinopus), 182, 205. preangerensis (Malachitis), 90.
— (Mardara), 90. primitiva (Myzomela), 143.
400
PrioceUa, 16, 19, 29.
Priofinua, 30.
priva (Phaulimia), 378.
Proboscigcr, 130, 133, 176, 177, 209, 237.
Procellaria. 15. 16. 20. 30, 31, 33.
procida (Melanargia), 320.
Procodeca, 82.
protactosema (Drepanogynis). 109. 110.
Protaulaca, 105.
protea (Euproctis). 61, 101.
proteus (Pitohui). 226.
pseudovestita (Collocalia), 165, 169.
Psilocerea. 111-113.
Psittacus, 176, 177, 239.
Pterodroma. 18-20, 24, 32-35.
PtUinopus. 128, 181-183, 191, 204-208, 216,
224,241,242. Ptilopus, 188, 205, 242. Ptilotis. 127, 147-149, 159. pucherani (Geoffroyus), 133, 177. pudicola (Brixia), 10. puella (Megaloprepia), 183. Puffinus, 19, 26, 27. pulchellus (Ptilinopus), 182. pulcher (Physoptenis), 362. pulcherrimus (Androceras), 310. Pulex, 293. puUa (Apatenia), 375. pulmentaria (Chlorissa), 327.
— (Xemoria), 327. pulverulenta (Leucoma), 56. pumilata (Geometra). 329.
— (Gymnoscelis), 329, 330.
— (Phalaena), 329. pumilia (Euproctis), 79. puniea (Melitaea), 318. pusilla (.•Ucyone), 133, 171. pygmaea (Micropsitta), 177.
— (Xasiterna), 188, 202. pygmaeum (Oedistoma), 129, 131, 146. Pyralis. 325.
Pyrameis. 317.
Pynhocorax, 334.
pjTrhocorax (Pyrrhocorax), 334.
quadricolor (C'yanalcyon), 235.
— (Halcyon), 235. querini (Ceratophyllus), 253. questi (Xesospiza), 20, 47, 48. quinarius (Litocerus). 296. quoyi (Cracticus), 132, 151, 225.
rachicera (Psilocerea), 111. radjah (Tadorna), 186, 245. raisulii (Certhia), 334. Rallina, 187. rapae (Ganoris), 316.
— (Pieris), 316.
rawakensis (Milionia), 122. rectangulatus (Ceratophyllus), 256, 258. Rectes, 127, 128, 152, 226. Redoa, 50-52, 55, 56. regius (Cicinnurus), 219. reichenowi (Collocalia), 166. reinwardti (Baza). 179.
— (Megapodius), 246.
— (Reinwardtoena). 185. Reinwardtoena, 185, 192, 244. reinwardtsi (Reinwardtoena), 244. reinwartii (Baza), 240. relocata (Collix), 105, 106. remota (Palaeopsylla), 270, 271. renifera (Euproctis), 62. respublica (Lophorina), 128, 141.
— (Schlegclia). 127, 128, 131. 141. Rhadinopsylla, 258, 260, 263, 272, 288-290, 292. rhaebus (Stivalius), 355. 356.
rhamni (Gonepteryx). 316.
Rhamphomantis, 129, 133, 175, 176.
Rhaphitropis. 311,312.
Rhectes, 225.
Rhipidura, 132, 156, 192, 196, 216, 228, 229.
rhodesi (Androceras), 297.
rhodesiensis (Sphinctotropis), 296.
rhodinolaema (Ducula). 183.
Rhodometra, 329.
Rhodopechys, 336. 337.
Rhodostrophia, 328.
Rhoptria, 330.
Rhytlceros, 133, 171, 234.
Ricene, 82.
richmondi (Thalassarche), 39.
ridgwayi (Anous), 45.
ridleyi (Euproctis), 68-70.
riedelii (Tanysiptera), 192, 201.
riggenbachi (Galerida), 334.
riguata (Leucoma), 53.
rimatus (Rhopalopsyllus), 292.
Riparia, 331, 332, 335, 336.
rivolii (Ptilinopus). 182, 191, 205, 206, 216, 224.
242. robusta (Nessiara), 374. Roeselia, 325. rogersi (Atlantisa), 42.
— (Atlantisia), 19, 20. romeii (Carcharodus), 323.
— (Cercyonis), 319.
— (Satyrus), 319.
roratus (Eclectus). 133, 178, 203, 237. rosseliana (Cotana). 251. rossica (Araphipsylla). 259. rossittensis (Ceratophyllus), 276. rousseaui (Anous), 45. rubiensis (Manucodia), 217.
— (Pachycephala), 154. rubiginosa (Euproctis), 69.
401
rubra (Paradisaea), 127, 131, 140.
— (Paradisea). 140. rubriplaga (Chlorerythra), 11. rubrobrunnea (Myzoraela), 192, 193. rufa (Ninox), 133, 171.
— (Traminda), 11. ruficeps (Mardara), 90, 102. ruficollis (Buceros), 171.
— (Rhj-ticeros), 133, 171, 234. ruficolor (Galerida), 334, 337. rufidorsa (Rhipidura), 229. rufifrons (Rhipidura), 132, 156. rufigaster (Ducula), 184, 243. rufigula (Gallicolomba), 185, 244. rufinus (Buteo), 337. rufipectus (Ptilinopus), 182. rufiventer (Eud_ynarais). 133, 176. rufiventris (Ducula), 243.
— (Rhipidura), 132, 156, 228. rufula(HiTundo), 334. rugiceps (Xylinade.s), 302. rugicollis (Ozotomerus), 304. rupertata (Iridopsis). 119. rupestris (Riparia), 331. ruptata (Artaxa), 63.
— (Euproctis), 63. russulata (Psilocerea), 112. rustica (Hirundo), 3.37. rustieata (Sterrha). 107. rusticus (Acorynus), 368, 369.
sacra (Demigretta), 181. sacraria (Phalaena), 329.
— (Rhodometra), 329. sagas (Apatenia), 376. sahari (Emberiza), 337. salraonea (Acrojana), 251. salvadorii (Cinnyris), 208, 224.
— (Ptilinopus), 206, 242.
— (Ptilopus), 242.
aancta (Halcyon), 173, 201, 235.
sandaliata (Procellaria), 33.
sanfordi (Rhamphomantis), 129, 133, 175.
sanguinea (Rhodopechys), 336, 337.
sao (Hesperia), 324.
saphis (Acorynus), 368, 369.
sarasinorum (Phylloscopus), 197.
saturnioides (Leucoma), 51.
Sat\Tus, 318-320, 338.
Sauromarptis, 127, 133, 174, 235.
saurophaga (Halycon), 133, 156, 172, 173. 201,
235. sauteri (Paraceras), 267. scalaris (Litocerus), 370. Scarpona, 81.
schillmolleri (Caprimulgus), 133, 170. Schlegelia, 127-129, 131, 141. scintillans (Portheeia), 57.
scintillata (Chloroclystis), 107. scitus (Tropideres). 372. scolancala (Iridopsis), 119, 120. scolopacea (Eudynamis), 133, 176. Scopula, 1, 2, 328. scytodes (Aroa), 80, 102. securis (Dasychira), 85. segetum (Euxoa), 326.
— (Phalaena), 326. seitzi (Argynnis), 317. selangora (Dysphania), 314.
— (Euschema), 314. Seleucides, 141. semihyalina (Leucoma). 54. seniilucida (Pantana), 92. semilugens (Craspedosis), 124. separata (Brizia), 10.
sepifera (Amphipsylla), 259, 261.
septentrionalis (Megaloprepia), 242.
sericea (Cinnyris), 131, 150, 195, 224.
sericeata (Sterrha), 328.
sericeus (Cinnyris), 150, 189. 216.
Sericornis, 129, 132, 160, 161, 198, 210, 216, 221,
230,231. Serinus, 47, 337. serinus (Serinus), 337. seriziati (Zygaena), 324. serresianus (Eudyptes), 21. severa (Psilocerea). 112. severus (Falco), 240. sharpei (Meliphaga), 131, 148, 222. shelfordi (Orgyia), 91, 102. siletti (Numenes), 81. silvatica (Leptopsylla), 257-259, 263. similis (Artaxa), 57.
— (Euproctis), 57.
— (Mecotropis), 301.
— (Porthesia), 57, 58. simillima (Acrojana), 252.
— (Mmois), 319.
— (Satyrus), 319.
simplex (Myzomela), 192, 193. sinensis (Ixobrychus). 181. singaporensis (Leucoma), 50, 55, 56. singapura (Artaxa), 64, 65.
— (Euproctis), 64, 65.
— (Lymantria), 96.
sinicus (CeratophyUus), 276, 277.
Sintor, 379.
Sitvia, 93.
skua (Catharacta), 44.
socrus (Aroa), 80.
— (Gynaephora), 80. sodalis (Paraphloeobius), 303. solanderi (Macroneotes), 37. solitaria (Euproctis), 79. sohtarius (Ceyx), 133, 171, 235. soloensis (Accipiter), 180.
402
solomonensis (Ptilinopus), 205.
Somatina, 1, 2, 4.
Somena, 60.
sondaica (Xeopsylla), 271.
sonoroides (Meliphaga), 131, 148.
— (Ptilotis). 127. 148.
— (Xanthotis), 223.
sordida (Pitta), 130, 132, 163, 198, 210. sorecis (Palaeopsylla), 271. sororura (CoUocalia), 165, 168, 169. spadicea (Diomedea), 15. spadi.x (Frontopsylla), 278. spatzi (Clivicola), 333.
— (Riparia), 332, 335. specialis (Neopsylla). 284, 286, speciosus (Diphyllodes), 218.
— (Ptilinopus), 191,205.
— (Ptilopus), 188, 205. spectabilis (Leptopsylla), 257. Sphinctotropis. 295, 296, 346, 347. spiUmanni (Sphinctopsylla), 346, 347. spUodera (Sericomis), 129, 132, 160, 161. 210,
231. spilorrhoa (MvTisticivora), 243. spilora (CoUocalia), 199. Spintherops, 327. Spizaetus, 179, 2.39. splendida (Acrojana), 251, 252,
— (Cotana), 250,
— (Xotolophus), 324. 325.
— (Orgya), 324. spodiopygia (CoUocalia), 166. squalida (Pachycephala), 154, squamata (Eos), 178.
— (Rhipidura), 132, 1.56. squamosa (Boarmia), 115. 116. stauderi (C'archarodus), 323. steadi (Procellaria), 31. stechei (Argynnis), 317.
steini (CoUocalia), 165, 167, 168, 200.
— (.Meliphaga), 222.
— (Monarcha), 196.
— (Myzomela), 129, 131, 144,
— (PalaeopsyUa), 261-263.
— (Poecilodryas), 132, 157. steUata (Collix), 105. Stenischia, 288-290. Slenocharta, 125. stenolophus (Probosciger), 237. etenopa (Euproctis), 64, 102. stenotera (Craspedosis), 124. stephani (Chalcophaps), 185, 244. Stema, 15, 18-20, 45, 187, 207, 245. Sterrha, 107, 328.
stevensi (Xeopsylla), 271, 284, 285.
Stilnoptia, 57.
StUtia, 186.
Stivalius, 352, 355, 356.
stolidus (Anous). 15, 18-20, 45, stomphax (Xessiara). 302, Streptopelia, 337. streptozona (Eupithecia), 106. stresemanni (Melilestes), 145, 221. striata (Muscicapa), 337. striatus (Butorides). 181, 204, 241. strigata (Dasychira), 88.
— (Lymantria). 97, 98.
— (XobUia), 2, 5, 6.
— (Rhodostrophia). 328. strigicincta (Mazuca). 339-341. strigipennis (Pida), 90, Striglina, 7.
strigularia (Omiza), 4.
— (Plutodes). 4. striolata (Emberiza), 337. strophiura (Ptilinopus), 205. suava (Eublemma), ,327. subapicata (Boarmia), 119. subcristata (Baza), 179, 240. subferraria (Boarmia), 119. subilavidior (Pachycephala). 154. subfuraosa (Panaethia), 314. subinanis (Topomesa), 81. sublutea (Eetropis), 114. subraarginata (Iridopsis), 119.
— (Leucoma), 52, 55,
— (Redoa), 52. subnotata (Euproctis), 57
— (Orvasca), 57.
— (Porthesia), 57, subpersonata (Motacilla), 336. subpictilis (Boarmia), 115. subrana (.\rtaxa). 77.
— (Euproctis), 77. subrosealis (Betousa), 7, substriatus (Oriolus), 131, 142, substrigosa (Aroa), 80. suffusa (Laelia), 82,
— (Ricene). 82. sumatrana (Ardea). 180. superbus (Ptilinopus), 181, 204, 241. superciHaris (Podargus), 170. surda (Apatenia). 375.
swinhoei (Craspedosis), 124. syenitica (Oenanthe), 337. Sylvia (Cilycichaera), 221.
— (Sericomis), 221. sylvicola (Satyrus), 319. Syma, 133, 173, 2.35. synclines (Lomographa), 126. Synecta, 121, 122. synethes (Striglina), 7. synetus (Stivalius), 352, 355, syngenes (Euproctis), 61, 102. Synthymia, 327. syracusiae (Zygaena), 324.
403
Syrichthus, 323, 324. symiaria (Iridopsis), 119-121.
— (Tephrosia), 119.
szalayi (Oriolus), 131, 142, 210.
Tadorna, 186, 245.
tagens (Litocerus), 371.
tahitica (Hirundo), 132, 163, 232.
Talegallus, 188, 192, 208, 24.5, 247.
talpae (Hystrichopsylla), 257, 263.
tamilanus (Xylinades), 305.
tamsi (Euproctis), 68, 102.
tangulensis (Milionia), 122.
Tanygnathus, 133. 177.
tanymetra (Iridopsis), 117.
Tanysiptera. 133, 172, 188, 189, 192, 193, 201.
tardus (Xylinades), 302.
Tarucus, 322.
telecanus (Papilio), 322.
— (Tarucus), 322.
telescophthalmus (Arses), 132, 156, 208, 227.
telios (Xenodaeria), 273, 274.
temmincki (Ptilinopus), 181.
Temnora, 342.
tenebricosa (Tyto), 210, 233.
tentelare (Syma), 173.
tenuirostre (Edolisoma), 128, 132, 162.
Tephronia, 330.
Tephrosia, 119.
terminolineata (Sterrha), 328.
terrae-reginae (Collocalia), 165, 170.
tersa (Basitropis), 382.
tessellata (Xessiara), 302.
tesseUatus (Nessiara), 373, 374.
testacea (Harapa), 82.
Tetrapsyllus. 292.
teuches (Acorynus), 369.
Thalassarche, 15, 18-20, 39, 40, 42.
Thalera, 11.
thaumas (Adopaea), 323.
— (Papilio), 323. Thaumatopoea, 324. Thecla, 321.
theklae (Galerida), 332, 3.34, 337. theomacha (Ninox), 133, 170. therapnoidea (Hesperia), 324. thoracicus (Amphipsylla), 2.58. 259, 261. threnothorax (Rhipidura), 228. Threskiornis, 180. thjTidophora (Leucoma), 51. Timandra, 12.
tinctaria (Hypochrosis), 110, 111. tingitanus (Corvus), 337.
— (Passer), 337. tinnunculus (Falco), 337. tisdala (Orgyia), 92. titan (Fregettornis), 25. tithonus (Epinephele), 321.
todara (Lymantria), 96. Todopsis, 192, 230. togatulalis (Pyralis), 325.
— (Roeselia), 325. tommasonis (Edoluaoma), 232. Topomesa, 81.
torata (Asthenotricha), 108. torosa (Geusibia), 281-283. torotora (Syma), 133, 173, 2.35. Toxorhamphus, 129-131, 144, 145, 221. Traminda, 11, 12. transducta (Euschema), 314. transiens (Leucoma), 52.
— (Xotolophus), 325.
— (Orgya), 325.
— (Redoa), 52. transversa (Artaxa), 74, 75.
— (Euproctis), 74. transvisata (Iridopsis), 118. travassosi (Tunga), 248, 249. triangularis (Craspedosis), 123, 124. Trichoglossus, 178, 179, 193, 204, 239. Trichopsylla, 267, 293.
tricolor (Eulabeornis), 187.
— (Rallina), 187. trifolii (Zygaena), 324. trigotephras (Notolophus), 325.
— (Orgya), 325. trilineatus (Acorynus), 366. Tringa, 187.
tristanensis (Fregettornis), 24, 25. tri.stani (Pterodroma), 24, 33. tristis (Dasychira), 89.
— (Gymnocorvus), 139, 216. triton (Kakatoe), 237. trivialis (Anthus), 332. trivirgatus (PhyUoscopus), 191, 197. trochiloides (PhyUoscopus), 198.
— (Sericornis), 198. tropica (Fregetta), 26. Tropideres, 372. Tropidobasis, 303. Trepidorhynchus, 149, 223. Tunga, 248, 249. turbata (Xobilia), 1-6.
— (Orgyia), 91.
— (Somatina), 4.
turbidus (Ceratophyllus), 293, 294. Turdus, 15, 337. turtur (Streptopelia), 337. Tyto, 210, 233.
Ulorhinus, 311, 379.
ulothrix (.Synecta), 121.
unappendiculatus (Casuarius), 247.
Uncifer, 373.
uncinata (CUenophthalmus), 258, 260.
undulata (Chlamydotis), 333.
404
uniformis (Brixia), 8, 9. unicolor (Anous), 45.
— (Cotana), 251 .
— (Melanocharis), 224, 225. uniplaga (Craspedosis), 124. Uranornis, 127.
urinatrix (Pelecanoides), 20, 37 uropygialis (Ducula), 243. ursi (Arctopsylla), 291. ustifumosa (Iridopsis), 116.
vagabunda (Ceratophyllus), 253, 255, 276, 277. vagans (Arachnothera), 128, 145.
— (Melilestes), 128, 131, 145. validaria (Iridopsis), 118. vandykei (Anthribus), 383. vaneeckei (Dasychira), 86, 102. Vanessa, 317.
vanikorensis (CollooaUa), 129, 133, 164-170,200,
233. varia (Euproctis), 66. varians (Artaxa), 59.
— (Euproctis), 59, 64. variegata (Cleora), 115. variegatus (Numenius), 187, 245.
variolosus (Cacomantis), 133, 174, 175, 202, 209,
236. venosa (Laelia), 83, 101. vestita (CoUocalia), 164, 165. vesulia (Microgonia), 113, 114. vexabilis (Xenopsylla), 264—266, vibicaria (Rhodostrophia), 328. victoria (Goura), 245. viduata (Apatenia), 375. vinolibata (Xothylemera), 125. violaceus (Mino), 219. virescens (Dasychira), 86.
— (Gerygone), 158.
— (Meliphaga), 131, 148.
— (Xanthotis). 223. virguncula (Euproctis), 58.
— (Porthesia), 58. viridinitens (CoUocalia), 199. viridis (Dasychira), 89.
— (Ptilinopus), 205, 206. visum (Liparis), 93.
visum (Pantana), 93.
vitiensis (Columba), 185.
vittata (Pachyptila), 15, 18, 20, 36.
— (Sterna), 15, 18-20, 45. vittatus (Pachyptila), 19. vittieollis (Mecotropis), 305.
wahnesi (Gerygone), 230.
waigeuense (Edolisoma), 129, 132, 161, 162.
waigeuensis (CollocaJia), 129, 133, 164-168.
— (Pachycephala), 132, 153, 154. waigiouensis (Eurj'stomus), 234. waigiuensis (Cryptolopha), 158.
— (Melidora), 133, 174. wallacei (Todopsis), 230. weiskei (Cacomantis), 236. wellsi (Larentia), 103. westermanni (Carpophaga), 243. whiteheadi (CoUocalia), 166. mlkinsi (Xesospiza), 20, 47, 48. mlsoni (Macronectes), 37.
— (Paradisea), 128, 141. woUastoni (Ctenocephalue), 293. woodlarkiana (Milionia), 122. worcesteri (Megalopterus), 46. wortheni (Procellaria), 33.
xanthomela (Euproctis), 66. xanthorroea (Euproctis), 325. xanthotis, 130, 131, 148, 149, 223. Xenodaeria, 273, 274. Xenopsylla, 264-266. Xylinades, 302-306.
yorki (Caprimulgus), 170, 233.
— (CoUocalia), 170. ypsilon (Acorynus), 367.
— (Brixia), 8.
yunnanus (Ctenophthalmus), 287.
zelotica (Dasychira), 88, 102. zoeae (Ducula), 242. zoonava (CoUocalia), 170. Zosterops, 128, 159, 192, 208, 225. Zygaena, 324, 334, 336. Zygaenodes, 307.
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